Google Earth

This article reflects upon the impact that technology and innovation has had on urban development. From NASA's Landstat program, to Google maps and GPS, technlogy has had a significant impact on urban planning and land use law. The article begins with a discussion of the impact of the elevator and steel technologies on urban architecture and density, and then moves to changes in transportation such as the automobile and the development of public transportation systems. Green buildings, GIS, satellite data, online mapping, personal computers, the Internet and cell phones are all examined.

erieure de Physique et de Chimie Industrielles Abstract Recently, Virtual Earth, Google Earth, or Map Cube provide a virtual city modeled from real outdoor environment, and they also provide a service to embed other virtual objects into the virtual space. For the first step for analyzing such complex outdoor scene, we show some results of analyzing the skylight, which dominates

This article examines Olivier Rolin's use of stream of consciousness narration in L'invention du monde (1993). It draws upon philosophers Peter Sloterdijk and Paul Virilio to propose that the novel—with its obsessions for information, technology, and space—depicts a crossroads of subjectivity. At that crossroads, natural and computational connotations of "stream" collide, fueling the novel's central crisis. The misadventures of Rolin's postmodern, post-industrial, satellite-inspired Phileas Fogg reveal a central conundrum of accelerated globalization: namely, that the informational and technological mastery of our world comes at the price of sacrificing the ability to meaningfully position oneself within it.

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En la provincia geológica de Ventania, la unidad orográfica denominada Sierras Australes, ubicada al sector sureste de la provincia de Buenos Aires, se desarrolla como una cadena montañosa formando cordones subparalelos que alcanzan los 180 kilómetros de longitud en dirección NO a SE y 50 kilómetros de ancho en su parte central. Al noroeste, comienza con las Sierras de Puán y de Pigüé, expresándose ya en esta ultima el valle central que, en la región central del arco, separa las Sierras de Curamalal (al Oeste) y de Bravard (al Este) (José Sellés Martínez, 2001). En tanto el sector oriental del sistema de Ventania se encuentra formado por las Sierras de las Tunas y de Pillahuincó (Harrington, 1947). En su extremo noroeste, las sierras presentan una
flexura cóncava hacia el oeste, dando una configuración general arqueada. En dicha ubicación (Figura 1) fue realizado el trabajo de campo, focalizado en las sierras de Bravard y Curamalal.

Las rocas presentes en las Sierras Australes fueron depositadas en una extensa cuenca paleozoica desarrollada en el margen del Gondwana, deformada a principios del Mesozoico, y posteriormente exhumada por procesos extensivos mesozoicos, generando a su vez asomos aislados del basamento regional, compuesto de rocas graníticas y riolíticas milonitizadas (Harrington, 1947).

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Geomorphological Analysis of the Bravard and Curamalal Sierras, Buenos Aires Province, 2019
In the geological province of Ventania, the orographic unit called Sierras Australes, located in the southeastern sector of the province of Buenos Aires, develops as a mountain chain forming sub-parallel cords that reach 180 kilometers in length in a NW to SE direction and 50 kilometers from wide in its central part. To the northwest, it begins with the Sierras de Puán and Pigüé, expressing itself in the latter the central valley that, in the central region of the arch, separates the Sierras de Curamalal (to the West) and Bravard (to the East) (José Sellés Martínez , 2001). While the eastern sector of the Ventania system is formed by the Sierras de las Tunas and Pillahuincó (Harrington, 1947). In its extreme northwest, the mountains present a
concave flexure to the west, giving a general arched configuration. In this location (Figure 1) the field work was carried out, focused on the Bravard and Curamalal mountain ranges.

The rocks present in the Sierras Australes were deposited in an extensive Paleozoic basin developed on the Gondwana margin, deformed at the beginning of the Mesozoic, and later exhumed by extensive Mesozoic processes, generating in turn isolated outlines of the regional basement, composed of granitic rocks and mylonitized rhyolitics (Harrington, 1947).

Google is a highly regarded global computer services company that has been awarded for its ethical behavior.  This paper explores how the company has responded to challenges it has faced at times in recent years when it has come under fire for its ethical behavior with regard to financial reporting and taxpaying.  Google’s subsequent level of positive ethical decision making is correlated with the company’s reemergence on the Ethisphere Institute’s list of ethical companies in 2014 after a notable three year absence.

Shortly after the release of Google Earth, its applications to archaeology was theorized and tested, but thus far there has been little research to evaluate its applicability to survey previously well researched and accessible areas. In order to test this potential application of Google Earth images, I surveyed 965 sq. km of Northumberland by defining 23 small survey areas. These survey areas were scattered across the county using the Landscape Characterization Zones, to take into account the different landforms, as well as past and present land uses, that may impact the site distribution. In the survey, I identified 170 potential archaeological sites, of which more than 21% were previously unrecorded according to the Heritage Environment Records. A comparison with aerial photographs of a sub-sample of my sites, as well as analysis of my results, revealed very important information about the site distribution in Northumberland, and about the applicability of Google Earth images to archaeology. Although Google Earth is far from the perfect tool for archaeological surveys, its success in past surveys as well as in the present survey clearly indicates that it is a very useful tool for archaeological surveying, even in accessible and previously well-researched areas.

Topographic maps are most common source of terrain and elevation information for a given region. With the advancement of technology, other source of terrain and elevation data are now available at public domain. In this study, elevation data points (1600 in number) for Bahal region of Bhiwani district of
Haryana extracted from the Google earth and a digital elevation model (DEM) was prepared. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the DEM, reference points comprising mostly of point elevations collected using GARMIN GPS along with few bench marks available in survey of India (SOI) topographic maps of 1: 50000 scale were collected. The accuracy of the Google earth derived elevation data are reported using
root mean square (RMSE), mean error (ME) and absoluter mean error (AME). All these accuracy statistics were computed using 200 bootstrapped iterations to overcome the problems due to lesser number of reference points and bias, if any, in the selection of reference points. The study provides a procedural
improvement in the accuracy statistics calculation and the results shows that Google earth can be a potential source of terrain information for many civil engineering projects.

Google Earth (GE), a large Earth-observation data-based geographical information computer application, is an intuitive three-dimensional virtual globe. It enables archaeologists around the world to communicate and share their multisource data and research findings. Different from traditional geographical information systems (GIS), GE is free and easy to use in data collection, exploration, and visualization. In the past decade, many peer-reviewed articles on the use of GE in the archaeological cultural heritage (ACH) research field have been published. Most of these concern specific ACH investigations with a wide spatial coverage. GE can often be used to survey and document ACH so that both skilled archaeologists and the public can more easily and intuitively understand the results. Based on geographical tools and multi-temporal very high-resolution (VHR) satellite imagery, GE has been shown to provide spatio-temporal change information that has a bearing on the physical, environmental, and geographical character of ACH. In this review, in order to discuss the huge potential of GE, a comprehensive review of GE and its applications to ACH in the published scientific literature is first presented; case studies in five main research fields demonstrating how GE can be deployed as a key tool for studying ACH are then described. The selected case studies illustrate how GE can be used effectively to investigate ACH at multiple scales, discover new archaeological sites in remote regions, monitor historical sites, and assess damage in areas of conflict, and promote virtual tourism. These examples form the basis for highlighting current trends in remote sensing archaeology based on the GE platform, which could provide access to a low-cost and easy-to-use tool for communicating and sharing ACH geospatial data more effectively to the general public in the era of Digital Earth. Finally, a discussion of the merits and limitations of GE is presented along with conclusions and remaining challenges.

Virtual reality represents simulated three-dimensional environment created by hardware and software, which providing realistic experience and possibility of interaction to the end-user. Benefits provided by immersive virtual reality in educational setting were recognised in the past decades, however mass application was left out due to the lack of development and high price. Intensive development of new platforms and virtual reality devices in the last few years started up with Oculus Rift, and subsequently accelerated in the year 2014 by occurrence of Google Cardboard. Nowadays, for the first time in history, immersive virtual reality is available to millions of people. In the mid 2015 Google commenced developing Expeditions Pioneer Program aiming to massively utilise the Google Cardboard platform in education. Expeditions and other VR apps can enhance geography teaching and learning. Realistic experience acquired by utilisation of virtual reality in teaching process significantly ...

This paper provides ethnographic and historical evidence for the existence, in time and space, of a network of well-established trails connecting most Inuit settlements and significant places across the Canadian Arctic. The geographic and environmental knowledge relating to trails (and place names associated with the trails) has been orally transmitted through many generations of Inuit. I use historical documents, ethnographic research, and new geographic tools such as GPS, GIS and Google Earth, to show the geographic extent of the network and its historical continuity. I particularly draw on a trip following Inuit along a traditional trail connecting the communities of Iglulik and Naujaat (Repulse Bay). Inuit have made systematic use of the Arctic environment as a whole and trails are, and have been, significant channels of communication and exchange across the Arctic. There are some types of oral history and knowledge that can be accurately transmitted through generations, and I propose that some aspects of Inuit culture are better understood in terms of moving as a way of living.

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The wide commercial spread of very high resolution data which can enable the precise description of important targets (such as critical military facilities) along with their accurate coordinates has created fears that these data could be a valuable tool if they fall in the wrong hands. Until recently this dissemination was nearly uncontrollable. Google and Microsoft via their online, geospatial applications enriched with very high-resolution images of the world, enhanced the concerns that such detailed imagery constituted an essential threat to internal security. The main hypotheses of this paper are that this technological breakthrough cannot be rolled back, it is here to stay, and since it has security implications it need to be controlled. The key research question to be addressed is what are the options governments have to control the distribution of these data ensuring that their national security interests are properly safeguarded?

Sand is an important engineering material for construction works. Sand deposition in river is the biggest source of sand, in recent times there has been immense pressure on Rivers which acts as a treasure for the building sector due to rapid growth in the development activities. The main objective of the study is to investigate, recognize the sand mining areas of Papagni and Pennar River in parts Kamalapuram, Kahjipeta, Vallur, Chennur and Kadapa Revenue Mandals of YSR District, Andhra Pradesh, by using Google earth temporal data for environmental monitoring and sustainable development. A total of 9 major sites were identified demarcated from Google earth and the areal extent calculated using arcGIS10 software. The largest part of the sand mining was identified at locations of Kamalapuram and Vallur Mandals, might be due to well connecting roads nearer to the sites when compared to the other sites whereas locations of Khajipet and Kadapa mandals were least affected might be due to Geographic setting(hiily region). This study is an attempt to know the utility of Google earth, Remote Sensing and GIS software tools in the field of natural resource monitoring and environmental protection.

An integrated GPS-GSM system is proposed to track vehicles using Google Earth application. The remote module has a GPS mounted on the moving vehicle to identify its current position, and to be transferred by GSM with other parameters acquired by the automobile’s data port as an SMS to a recipient station. The received GPS coordinates are filtered using a Kalman filter to enhance the accuracy of measured position. After data processing, Google Earth application is used to view the
current location and status of each vehicle. This goal of this system is to manage fleet, police automobiles distribution and car theft cautions.

Resumen: Se presenta una propuesta didáctica online para la enseñanza y el aprendizaje de los contenidos geográficos relativos al espacio físico. El recurso tecnológico implementado ha sido el programa Google EarthTM a través de un Cursos Online Masivo y Abierto (MOOC) alojado en la plataforma virtual Google Course Builder. El contexto de la intervención analizada ha sido la Facultad de Educación de la Universidad de Alicante, en el Grado de Educación Primaria. En el estudio, se han desarrollado los contenidos pedagógicos y disciplinares relativos a la Geografía Física, incidiendo en la correcta inclusión de la tecnología para lo que se ha propuesto una metodología basada en el modelo de enseñanza-aprendizaje Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK). El estudio realizado ha sido mixto, cuasi-experimental y se han extraído valores descriptivos de media, desviación típica y varianza. Los resultados de la propuesta ponen de relieve: la importante función de los recursos digitales en la formación del profesorado; la necesidad de su correcta inserción en la enseñanza; su relevancia en la adquisición de contenidos pedagógicos y curriculares y la vital capacitación en competencias digitales de los futuros/as docentes. Abstract: An online didactic proposal is presented for the teaching and learning of the geographic contents related to the physical space. The technological resource implemented has been the Google EarthTM program through a Massive and Open Online Courses (MOOC) hosted on the virtual platform Google Course Builder. The context of the intervention analyzed has been the Faculty of Education of the University of Alicante, in the Grade of Teachers of Primary Education. In the study, the pedagogical and disciplinary contents related to Physical Geography have been developed, focusing on the correct inclusion of technology for which a methodology based on the teaching-learning model Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (TPACK) has been proposed. The study has been made with mixed methodology, quasi-experimental and descriptive values of mean, standard deviation and variance have been extracted. The results of the proposal highlight: the important role of digital resources in teacher training; the need of their correct insertion in teaching; Its relevance in the acquisition of pedagogical and curricular contents and the vital training in digital competences of the future teachers.

Integrado ao Projeto “Elaboração do Atlas Municipal Escolar de Ourinhos e Formação de Professores Tutores: propostas para o estudo da localidade” esta pesquisa trabalhou com o paradigma da Visualização Cartográfica explicitando sobre as possibilidades da inserção de novas formas de interatividade nos mapas, bem como sua aplicação, durante o ensino-aprendizagem da Geografia em sala de aula.  Nesta concepção, mostra-se importante o estudo dos conceitos-chave da Visualização Cartográfica e das novas Tecnologias da Informação e Comunicação como uma nova forma de ensino e aprendizagem da Geografia, alia-se também ao fato de que os alunos presentes hoje na escola são usuários do computador e da internet, o que pode aproximá-los ainda mais do conteúdo proposto. Assim, no decorrer da pesquisa foram trabalhadas as possibilidades de interatividade presentes no Google Earth, seu aproveitamento em sala de aula e as informações que isso pode fornecer à elaboração do Atlas Municipal Escolar de Ourinhos em versão digital. Através de atividades desenvolvidas no programa e avaliações posteriores foi possível analisar as dificuldades e as facilidades dos alunos, concluindo então que as atividades interativas despertam seu interesse aos conteúdos e são muito bem aproveitadas, constituindo uma forma eficiente e potencial para o ensino, principalmente da cartografia.
Palavras-chave: Visualização Cartográfica, Geotecnologias, Cartografia Escolar.

Tutoriels de formation à la modélisation 3D avec SketchUp

- Prise en main du logiciel
- Modélisation 3D, textures et cotations
- Import de données 3D urbaines (formats .3ds)
- Import de fonds de cartes
- Modélisation 3D d'un projet urbain
- Calculs d'ombres
- Exportation d'un projet urbain dans Google Earth

‘Virtual globe’ software systems such as Google Earth are growing rapidly in popularity as a way to visualise and share 3D environmental data. Scientists and environmental professionals, many of whom are new to 3D modeling and visual communications, are beginning routinely to use such techniques in their work. While the appeal of these techniques is evident, with unprecedented opportunities for public access to data and collaborative engagement over the web, are there nonetheless risks in their widespread usage when applied in areas of the public interest such as planning and policy-making?This paper argues that the Google Earth phenomenon, which features realistic imagery of places, cannot be dealt with only as a question of spatial data and geographic information science. The virtual globe type of visualisation crosses several key thresholds in communicating scientific and environmental information, taking it well beyond the realm of conventional spatial data and geographic information science, and engaging more complex dimensions of human perception and aesthetic preference. The realism, perspective views, and social meanings of the landscape visualisations embedded in virtual globes invoke not only cognition but also emotional and intuitive responses, with associated issues of uncertainty, credibility, and bias in interpreting the imagery. This paper considers the types of risks as well as benefits that may exist with participatory uses of virtual globes by experts and lay-people. It is illustrated with early examples from practice and relevant themes from the literature in landscape visualisation and related disciplines such as environmental psychology and landscape planning. Existing frameworks and principles for the appropriate use of environmental visualisation methods are applied to the special case of widely accessible, realistic 3D and 4D visualisation systems such as Google Earth, in the context of public awareness-building and agency decision-making on environmental issues. Relevant principles are suggested which lend themselves to much-needed evaluation of risks and benefits of virtual globe systems. Possible approaches for balancing these benefits and risks include codes of ethics, software design, and metadata templates.

1. Pengertian Kerjasama Dalam Islam (Syirkah) Secara harfiah, dalam Islam makna syirkah (kerjasama) berarti al-ikhtilath (penggabungan atau percampuran). Percampuran di sini memiliki pengertian pada seseorang yang mencampurkan hartanya dengan harta orang lain, sehingga tidak mungkin untuk dibedakan.1 Menurut istilah, syirkah adalah kerjasama antara dua orang atau lebih dalam hal permodalan, keterampilan, atau kepercayaan dalam usaha tertentu dengan pembagian keuntungan berdasarkan kesepakatan bersama.2 Dalam bisnis syariah, kerjasama (syirkah) adalah kerjasama dua orang atau lebih yang sepakat menggabungkan dua atau lebih kekuatan (aset modal, keahlian dan tenaga) untuk digunakan sebagai modal usaha, misalnya perdagangan, agroindustri, atau lainnya dengan tujuan mencari keuntungan.3 Adapun pengertian syirkah menurut para fukaha adalah sebagai berikut: a. Menurut ulama Hanafiyah, syirkah adalah akad antara dua orang yang berserikat pada pokok harta (modal) dan keuntungan. b. Menurut ulama Malikiyah, syirkah adalah izin untuk bertindak secara hukum bagi dua orang yang bekerjasama terhadap harta mereka. c. Menurut Hasby Ash-Shiddiqie, syirkah adalah akad yang berlaku antara dua orang atau lebih untuk saling tolong menolong dalam bekerja pada suatu usaha dan membagi keuntungannya.4 d. Menurut ulama Syafiiyah, syirkah adalah tetapnya hak atas suatu barang bagi dua orang atau lebih secara bersamasama.5 1

Existing and new applications for tomographic technology using optical, electrical radar and seismic sensing principles are described. It is demonstrated that important similarities link process instrumentation needs in the mineral benefication and food manufacturing sectors. The minerals industries provide a variety of challenging applications for tomography in the development and validation of models associated with acid mine drainage, the stability of mine workings, mineral exploration and other environmental needs such as monitoring landfill sites and groundwater plume dispersion.