Filipino

Even if certain actuations of these gods-that-be were already malicious and inimical to public interest, so many Filipinos still persist in believing that the decisions and actions of their “superstars” were right, and anyone who oppose to it should be branded as enemy of the state.  Ideally, leaders in society, by nature of their official function, must always meet our demands as it is, without regard to political affiliation or social influence.  Their decisions and actions should not be derailed by petty justifications such as “studying further the matter . . .” as it only delays something that has no reason not to be done right away.

Abstract: There is a lack of interpretive research in the domestic violence literature and, in particular, within an ethnocultural context. Interviews were held with four Filipina women in Calgary, Alberta who had previously been in violent relationships, in combination with a referral group of key informants with leadership and knowledge of community issues related to domestic violence. By adopting a phenomenological approach to the research, it was hoped that new understandings of what is identified in clinical paradigms as the “risk ” and “protective ” factors associated with domestic violence would be unearthed. This research study is at once exploratory and informative and is intended to contribute to the development of a province-wide plan to address and prevent domestic violence through the Brenda Strafford Chair in the Prevention of

Using Foucault’s concept of governmentality vis-à-vis Appadurai’s “global ethnoscapes” as frames, I argue for a techno-cultural dimension which brought forth the phenomenon of the “dancing inmates,” an argument against the charge of Filipino colonial mimicry of a Hollywood popular entertainment. Albeit the inmates’ dance routines indeed depict Foucault’s “docile bodies” in his analysis of the modern prison, as pointed out by critics, I am inclined to show how the internet mediation through social media networks awakened a culturally imbibed dance and musical character trait vis-à-vis the jolly cultural disposition of Filipinos. Thus, I view these characteristics as existential responses, hence, ‘creative resilience,’ to the inhuman incarcerating conditions of the prison life through using the art of dance with the aid of media technology. I argue on the role of the internet as the prisoners’ avenue to the outside world that was strategically deprived of them as a form of punishment,...

How universal are men and women’s attitudes toward the expression of emotion? How similar are the emotions that men and women from various ethnic groups experience and express in their close love relationships? In this study, 144 men and 307 women of Caucasian, Chinese, Filipino, Hawaiian, and Japanese ancestry were asked about their ideologies as to how people ought to deal with strong emotions in close relationships, how often they felt a variety of emotions themselves, and how they dealt with such feelings in close relationships. Finally, they were asked how satisfied they were with their close relationships. Men and women appeared to possess different emotional ideologies. Women tended to favor direct expression of emotion; men to favor emotional management. Men and women experienced much the same emotions in their relationships, but men were more muted than were women in their expressions of feelings. There was no evidence that these differences had an impact on men and women’s...

This paper shows how the world wide web can facilitate the transformation of a trans-national identity into a global, or pannational identity. Specific to the Philippines diaspora is the concept of tahanang, or home as a metaphor for a pan-national Philippine identity. Not only does the web facilitate the spatial interactions of diasporic communities but it also fosters the representation of national identity. In the case of the Philippine diaspora we find that social networking, via the web, operates at and through a variety of spatial scales, including intra-diasporic, inter-diasporic, diasporahost, and diaspora-homeland.

The aim of the present study is to examine how the endorsement of polyculturalism impacts a Filipino’s appreciation of American pop culture (i.e. music, movies, TV, and print media) and his or her national identification. Furthermore, colonial mentality plays an important role of moderating the effect between the two outcome variables. Therefore, it is hypothesized that the endorsement of polyculturalism, when moderated by colonial mentality, will increase a Filipino individual’s appreciation for American pop culture but will decrease his or her national identification.

The field of Natural Language Processing (NLP) in the country has been continually developing. However, the transition between Tagalog to the progressing Filipino language left tools and resources behind. This paper introduces a Statistical Machine Translation Part-of-Speech (POS) Tagger for Filipino (SMTPOST), with the purpose of reviving, updating and widening the scope of technologies in the POS`tagging domain, catering to the changes made by the Filipino language. Resources built are comprised mainly of a tagset (218 tags), parallel corpus (2,668 sentences), affix rules (59 rules) and word-tag dictionary (309 entries). SMTPOST was tested to different tagsets and domains, producing 84.75% as its highest accuracy score, at least 3.75% increase from the available Tagalog POS taggers. Despite SMTPOST's utilization of Filipino resources and good performance, there are room for improvements and opportunities. Recommendations include a better feature extractor (preferably a morphological analyzer), an increase in scope for all of the resources, implementation of pre-and/or post-processing, and the utilization of SMTPOST research to other NLP applications.

Aside from learning values, traditions, and significant experiences from storybooks, children also learn about their roles as males and females from these learning materials. Previous studies on gender representation revealed that male characters in children’s storybooks are given more active roles through the verbs assigned to them. The present study examines gender portrayal in bilingual children’s literature written by Filipino authors. Using word count guided by the verb taxonomy of Johnson and Young (2002), 60 award winning and non-award winning books published between 2006 to 2017 were analyzed. Overall, the results reveal that the male characters continue to be assigned more active roles in the stories; however, they can also be assigned to roles that were traditionally given to female characters. Furthermore, both male and female names follow a two-syllabic structure which underlies the hypothesis that they are easily remembered by young readers. The implications of these fi...

This essay will first present a description of the realist film based on notions of cinematic realism by Georg Lukács and Siegfried Kracauer. It will then affirm the cinema of Lino Brocka as being realist. Lastly, it will discuss Maynila sa mga Kuko ng Liwanag [Manila in the Claws of Light] (Brocka, 1975) in terms of cinematic realism shaped by ideas proposed by Lukács and Kracauer, and Brocka's own statements as artist and activist. Drawing on the ideas of Kracauer and Lukács, a realist film can be characterized as seeking redemption from the damaged modern condition by cinematically foregrounding the humanity of the ordinary man, who is organically grounded in physical reality.

A recent work by Mirca Madianou and Daniel Miller coins the term 'polymedia' to describe not only the variety of media through which people communicate but how these forms of new media are changing their relationships with each other, and technology. While they specifically focus upon recent examples of Filipina mothers living abroad and their relationships with their children in the Philippines, early scholars have offered other perspectives on technology and the Filipino diaspora. A seminal work by Emily Noelle Ignacio, for example, explores how computer mediated communications bring together Filipinos from around the world to discuss issues of identity and citizenship. Other studies examine the proliferation of mobile phones and SMS/text messaging between overseas workers and their families, the increase in the frequency of their communication, and how this influences family ties. '#OFW: Social Media and the Public Discourse Regarding Overseas Filipino Workers' builds on these, and other works, to analyse how social media users are shaping the public discourse of Filipinos in the diaspora (specifically, overseas Filipino workers). This paper examines who has access to different types of social media (e.g., Twitter, Instagram, etc.) and how the users’ public posts shape 'truths' about OFWs. What trends emerge from an analysis of both text and images? How do these specific patterns challenge, maintain, or reinterpret the discursive narrative offered by the Philippine government regarding OFWs? What is the relationship between polymedia, diaspora, and power?

Recent studies in CDA show that the prominence and quantity of advertising in today’s society are influential factors in the formation and acceptance of ideologies. Incorporating the frameworks of Cook (2001) and Fairclough (1989, 1992), this study examines 40 Pond’s Philippines online video advertisements from Youtube.com. It analyzes the individual and interdependent characteristics of verbal and visual texts, with the goal of identifying their underlying beauty and skin color ideologies. More specifically, this paper evaluates spoken and written texts, music, movement, color palettes, visual imageries and scenarios, among others, in order to determine the linguistic features and devices used to represent and manipulate ideas. The samples analyzed show that there is an unfavorable, biased portrayal of “dark skin” and a partiality for “rosy white glow.” This study proposes that the verbal and visual texts employed in Pond’s Philippines online video advertisements, as validated by corresponding survey results, contribute tremendously to the existence of colorism in the Philippines.

This is my free translation in Filipino language of another Oscar Wilde short story, THE SELFISH GIANT. While I have strived to render the English words into their actual Filipino equivalent, my foremost concerns are story comprehension, prose, and ease of reading. The Selfish Giant is a public domain work and can be downloaded from gutenberg.com.

This study discussed the spiritual well-being vis-à-vis spirituality of adolescents in the Philippines. Two hundred (200) Filipino adolescents, ages thirteen to eighteen, responded to the survey. Using the Spiritual Health and Life-Orientation Measure (SHALOM) of John Fisher, the data results were analyzed in the lenses of the interpretative approach of Philip Sheldrake. SHALOM data were analyzed using the Mann-Whitney U Test and Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). The qualitative analysis discussed the Filipino adolescents' spiritual well-being as exhibited in their experiential relationship with themselves, others, the environment, and the transcendent. This related to the religious experience of ascetical-monastic, mystical, active-practical, and prophetic-critical. In general, Filipino adolescents' spiritual well-being is positive. They live in harmony within their relationships in the personal, communal, environmental, and transcendental domains. The differences between the four domains are not too far from each other, except for the transcendental domain, which is remarkably high. It was also found out that adolescents without behavioral problems have a deeper and more encompassing understanding of the ideal and lived spiritual well-being than adolescents with behavioral issues. The results show that there is a relationship between school behavioral problems and spiritual well-being. This study hopes to contribute to the vast literature on spirituality and well-being.

There is a lack of interpretive research in the domestic violence literature and, in particular, within an ethnocultural context. Interviews were held with four Filipina women in Calgary, Alberta who had previously been in violent relationships, in combination with a referral group of key informants with leadership and knowledge of community issues related to domestic violence. By adopting a phenomenological approach to the research, it was hoped that new understandings of what is identified in clinical paradigms as the “risk” and “protective” factors associated with domestic violence would be unearthed. This research study is at once exploratory and informative and is intended to contribute to the development of a province-wide plan to address and prevent domestic violence through the Brenda Strafford Chair in the Prevention of Domestic Violence at the Faculty of Social Work, University of Calgary.

Aside from learning values, traditions, and significant experiences from storybooks, children also learn about their roles as males and females from these learning materials. Previous studies on gender representation revealed that male characters in children’s storybooks are given more active roles through the verbs assigned to them. The present study examines gender portrayal in bilingual children’s literature written by Filipino authors. Using word count guided by the verb taxonomy of Johnson and Young (2002), 60 award winning and non-award winning books published between 2006 to 2017 were analyzed. Overall, the results reveal that the male characters continue to be assigned more active roles in the stories; however, they can also be assigned to roles that were traditionally given to female characters. Furthermore, both male and female names follow a two-syllabic structure which underlies the hypothesis that they are easily remembered by young readers. The implications of these fi...

This introductory chapter presents an overview of the state of Filipino millennials. It adopts a critical perspective that challenges the general discourse about them. That the discourse is imported from Western writings and reinforced by the local advertising industry needs to be called into question. In my view, these writings still echo the functionalist take in Filipino youth studies that treats them as a problem that must be corrected. In the latter half, I will discuss the fragmentations among Filipino millennials brought about by inequality. It is important to recognize these fragmentations to demonstrate that the stereotypes that both celebrate and problematize them are inadequate. At the same time, recognizing the vulnerabilities of these youths is crucial in understanding the different responses they have towards various social issues.

Cornelio, Jayeel. 2020. "The State of Filipino Millennials: An Alternative View." In Rethinking Filipino Millennials: Alternative Perspectives on a Misunderstood Generation, edited by Jayeel Cornelio. Manila: UST Publishing House.

This paper explores the production process behind charity appeals in the context of developing Philippines. INGO appeals have traditionally been studied through textual analyses that expose their use of shock effect techniques and neo-colonial narratives that fail to bridge the “moral distance” between Western donors and “distant sufferers” (Chouliaraki, 2013; Vestergaard, 2009). Here, I develop an ethnographic approach to investigate the interactions between producers and the poor people who are subjects of appeals. I pay attention to producers’ articulations of “good work” and strategies of compliance and resistance as regards local media conventions of representing suffering within a culture of disaster and everyday suffering.

Background of the Study: The rising popularity of Korean Culture throughout the world is called Korean Wave. The Korean popular culture which spread mainly through the mass media is now enjoying high popularity outside Korea and this is how the Korean Wave occurs (Yu,2008). The phenomenal Korean sensation is describe from another term called Hallyu, this is a Korean pronunciation of Korean Wave which is defined by Korean Tourism Organization (2004) as the recent cultural phenomenon of South Korean pop culture sweeping throughout the world (Kim & Ryoo, 2007). Korean Wave (Hallyu) mainly consists of television dramas, film, pop music, movie stars animation and comics including mobile content like cell phones and iPods, video or computer games, as well as the latest fashion, food, home appliances and cosmetics, assertively expanding to things like dance, sculpture, painting, cuisine, plastic surgery, tourism and language (https:// jakartapost.com/). In this study I'm just going to focus on the Korean Wave effect in Filipino Youth's preference in music, television dramas and in their taste of fashion.

This study explored the concept of malasakit as a Filipino value in the context of volunteerism by analyzing and proposing a comprehensive conceptual definition, characterizing the nagmamalasakit and pinagmamalasakitan, identifying verbal and nonverbal manifestations of malasakit, and describing its dark side. Three groups of respondents participated in the study: a Filipino linguist, a Sikolohiyang Pilipino professor, and a social psychologist; 2 volunteer organization heads; and, 70 volunteers from different organizations. Data were gathered from personal interviews and online open interview questionnaire. Based on the volunteer narratives, malasakit can be characterized into four dimensions: a) kapwa, b) affective component, c) responsive action, and d) pananagutan. For a behavior to be considered as pagmamalasakit, it should address the first three components. Contrary to previous studies by Danenberg (2009) and Javier (2010), kapwa is the core of malasakit while the presence of pananagutan is not a prerequisite because it depends on the perception of the nagmamalasakit. Malasakit then is more than its suggested English counterparts – empathy, sympathy, and compassion. Malasakit understands the context of inequality and injustice because the pinagmamalasakitan lack resources. In the Philippines, individuals volunteer because they think that the government does not totally address the needs of its citizens. For others, volunteerism is a form of activism to the government. The nagmamalasakit is characterized as individuals who have a) shared identification and values with the pinagmamalasakitan, b) genuine care and concern for the pinagmamalasakitan, c) initiative to be of service to the people in need, d) voluntary service without asking for something in return, e) sensitivity to share the burden of the pinagmamalasakitan, and f) understanding of the situation of the pinagmamalasakitan. They manifest malasakit through use of sensitive and positive words, complemented by accommodating gestures. On the other hand, the pinagmamalasakitan are characterized as individuals who want and need to be helped, lack the basic resources, and are in a helpless situation. However, the nagmamalasakit should feel that the pinagmamalasakitan are also helping themselves in the process. Despite its positive value, malasakit also has its dark side. The nagmamalasakit experience material, physical, emotional, and spiritual stresses. Their personal motives are also sometimes questionable. The pinagmamalasakitan, on the other hand, are prone to dependence, attachment, feelings of envy, and vulnerability. The study provides framework for possible future researches exploring the concept of malasakit as a Filipino value in different contexts.

Ang pagbasa ay isang kritikal na aspeto na karapat-dapat bigyan ng pansin at pagpapahalaga sapagkat ito ang nagsisilbing pundasyon ng mag-aaral sa paglipas ng panahon. Layon ng pag-aaral na ito na mabatid ang kaugnayan ng paggamit ng Phono-syllabic na kagamitan sa pagtuturo ng Filipino at ang kasanayan sa pagbasa ng mga mag-aaral tulad ng pagkilala ng letra, pagbigkas ng tunog at pormasyon ng pantig. Ang mga respondente ay may kabuuang bilang na apatnapung (40) mag-aaral na magmumula sa Mababang Paaralan ng Bayanan Unit 1 sa Muntinlupa City. Gumamit ng cluster random sampling ang mananaliksik sa pagpili ng mga respondenteupang maging madali ang pagsasagawang pag-aaral at pangangalapng datos dulot ng pandemya. Ang disenyong eksperimental ang ginamit ng mananaliksik sa pag-aaral na ito upang malaman ang kaugnayan ng hindi malayang baryabol sa malayang baryabol ng naisagawang pag-aaral. Nagsagawa ng pauna at panapos na pagsusulit upang makalap ang mga marka sa kasanayan sa pagbasa ng m...

Sa kauna-unahang pagkakataon na pag-apak ng babae sa lupa ay siya ay nabiyayaan ng paa, kamay, mukha, katawan, utak, at kung ano-ano pang parte ng katawan na ibinigay rin sa kasamang lalake. Ngunit nang magsimula ang istorya ng sangkatauhan sa mundo ay tila naisang tabi ang pagpapahalaga sa mga kababaihan. Lalaki ang namumuno sa palasyo, gobyerno, pati na rin sa mga simbahan. Namulat ang kasaysayan natin na ang kahalagahan lamang ng babae ay bilang taga-walis ng bahay, taga-handa ng pagkain, taga-tahi ng mga damit at mga iba pang gawain pang-bahay. Hindi naisip na ang babae sa sinaunang panahon ay ang siyang nagiging unang guro ng mga supling at siyang unang nakakapagturo ng tamang moral at asal.