Breast Augmentation

Tissue augmentation with autologous elements is considered the ideal choice for transplantation and volume augmentation surgery. It is well recognized that the ideal graft tissue should offer the standard features of being readily available, have low antigenicity, minimal donor site morbidity, predictable and reproducible retention, and avoid disease transmission. Gradual standardization of consistent harvesting, manipulations, and transfer protocols is improving the ability to accurately predict volume enhancements and appreciate the long-term survival of the grafted tissues. Platelets actively extrude multiple growth factors very important to early wound healing processes. In response to platelet-to-platelet or platelet-toconnective tissue contact, the platelet cell membrane is "activated" to release these products from the alpha granules via active extrusion. When these extruded growth factors are released, histones and carbohydrate chains are added to receptor sites, thereby creating their unique chemistries and make the "active" growth factors. Autologous fat grafting offers a viable and safe alternative means of breast augmentation in select patients. Platelet rich plasma enhances the fat transfer to the breast.

Il est évident que la chirurgie esthétique a profité à de nombreuses personnes qui, en raison d'une maladie, d'un accident ou d'une blessure, ont subi un type de déformation physique qui affecte leur qualité de vie. Mais au-delà de l'amélioration ou de la restauration des capacités qui ont été affectées par ces situations, des études suggèrent que la chirurgie esthétique apporte également des bénéfices émotionnels à la plupart des personnes qui la subissent. De nombreuses personnes souffrent de rejet ou de moquerie, en raison de leurs caractéristiques physiques dès leur plus jeune âge. Elle est à l'origine d'insécurités et de problèmes d'estime de soi qui continuent à avoir un impact sur leur vie même à l'âge adulte. Il a été démontré que la chirurgie esthétique a un impact positif sur la perception que ces personnes ont d'elles-mêmes, en les aidant à surmonter des traits négatifs tels que le manque de confiance et l'incapacité à interagir. Lorsque nous ne sommes pas satisfaits de notre image corporelle, nous sommes plus susceptibles d'avoir une vision négative de la vie et de nous sentir plus vulnérables ou incapables de faire face à certaines situations. D'autre part, si nous modifions notre apparence physique de manière positive, nous pouvons nous libérer de nombreux complexes qui nous empêchent d'être plus performants dans notre environnement social. La chirurgie esthétique est-elle un remède à mes insécurités ? Pour toutes ces raisons, l'une des principales raisons invoquées par les hommes et les femmes qui subissent ce type de procédure est précisément leur désir de se sentir bien dans leur peau. C'est très logique, si l'on considère le fait avéré que les personnes ayant une grande estime d'elles-mêmes sont beaucoup plus en sécurité et ont généralement de meilleures performances professionnelles, ainsi que des relations plus stables. Cela ne veut pas dire que la chirurgie esthétique est capable de faire disparaître tous nos problèmes émotionnels, ni que ses effets affectent chaque individu de la même manière. Toutefois, elle peut devenir un stimulant qui nous aide à avoir davantage confiance dans différents aspects de notre vie. Bien qu'une meilleure apparence physique ne puisse pas résoudre les problèmes psychologiques, elle peut être un élément important pour vous aider à développer une plus grande confiance en vous, grâce aux effets positifs d'une meilleure perception de votre apparence, tant la vôtre que celle de votre entourage. Ce n'est un secret pour personne que dans notre société, l'attrait physique joue un rôle important en tant que facteur d'acceptation, affectant même le nombre d'opportunités d'emploi.

Visiter : https://www.riccardomarsili.fr

We read with interest the article by Blanco et al regarding serratus plane block [1] and agree that this is a novel technique. This technique was first described by Fajardo et al at the ESRA Spain Congress 2012 and published in September 2012 [2].

We read with interest the article by Blanco et al regarding serratus plane block [1] and agree that this is a novel technique. This technique was first described by Fajardo et al at the ESRA Spain Congress 2012 and published in September 2012 [2].

Natural and augmented breasts differ in size and shape. Natural breasts are characterized by concave-to-straight upper-pole contours while augmented breasts are fuller and therefore may have convex upper-pole contours, irrespective of their size. The hypothesis that augmented breasts in a range of cup sizes are rated significantly more attractive than naturalistic breasts was investigated and confirmed using computer generated images of breasts in lateral-view by all males and females cross-culturally in English and Farsi speaking samples. Correlations were then used to show that, for all participants, breast area and breast displacement (concavity or convexity) are positively correlated with attractiveness ratings for natural but not augmented breasts. These results are counter-intuitive since humans could not have evolved in environments that included augmented breasts. The findings are introduced using the ethological concept of supernormal stimuli and the behaviorist/neuroaesthetic principle, the peak shift effect, applied to secondary sexual characteristics (i.e., waist-hip ratios and breasts) and it is concluded that augmented breasts, though deceptive signals of fertility, are supernormal stimuli.

This paper argues that silicone supports contemporary fantasies of a body that is intact and sealed, and does so through an analysis of Amber Hawk Swanson’s performance art involving a silicone sex doll replica of the artist (2007) and silicone breast implants that ‘ordinary’ women receive, situated within the context of the previous doll art of Hans Bellmer (1935-1949).  I argue that while the sex doll is structurally a perverse fetish object (psychoanalytically speaking), Swanson’s project sheds light on the neurotic structure of desiring and obtaining a breast augmentation.  My analysis is that silicone facilitates new phallic forms of embodiment that are particularly attractive in a consumerist society.

In this work of autoethnographic research-creation, I think with my augmented breasts-beyond the medical archive and away from the clinic-as an embodied inquiry into trans geographies of sex work in the island world of Ktaqamkuk/Newfoundland, Canada. Employing the felt knowledges of my breasts in visuals and poetics, I illustrate fishy entanglements shared between my sex work and breast augmentation that have reframed my social and sexual embodiment. Engaging with my breasts as a contact zone of embodied dis/pleasure, economic promise, and social violence, I suggest that paying creative attention to trans women's breasts might reimage notions of trans sexworking desire. Resume : Dans ce travail de recherche et de création autoethnographique, je pense avec mes seins élargis-au-delà de l'aspect médical et clinique-comme dans une enquête incarnée sur les transgéographies du travail du sexe dans le monde insulaire de Ktaqamkuk, à Terrre-Neuve au Canada. Utilisant visuellement et poétiquement les expériences tactiles de mes seins, j'illustre les relations complexes qui se sont établies entre mon travail sexuel et l'augmentation de mes seins qui ont transformé mon incarnation sociale et sexuelle. Examinant mes seins comme une zone de contact entre le dé/plaisir corporel, l'espoir de gain économique et la violence sociale, j'avance qu'un intérêt créatif pour les seins des femmes trans pourrait créer une nouvelle image des notions de désir dans le travail sexuel des trans.

Aim: Simultaneous augmentation mastopexy is a challenging operation for esthetic plastic surgeons.
Complication and revision rates following augmentation mammoplasty or mastopexy are less commonly
seen when these two procedures are performed separately. However, when the two procedures are
combined, the complication rate is reported exponentially higher when compared with its individual
component carried out separately. The current retrospective chart review is a comparative analysis of the
two procedures performed by a single surgeon. Methods: Retrospective data were collected using patient’s
charts. All patients who had augmentation mammoplasty (Group A) or simultaneous augmentation with
mastopexy (Group B) in muscle splitting biplane using round cohesive gel textured silicone implants by a
single surgeon were included.Results:A total of 1,406 patients had consecutive augmentation mammoplasty
or simultaneous augmentation mastopexy. Augmentation mammoplasty (Group A) included 1,298 and
simultaneous augmentation with mastopexy (Group B) had 108 patients, respectively. The mean age of
the patients in Group A and B was 29.6 years and 32.2 years, respectively (P = 0.006). The mean size of the
implants in Group A and B was 340 mL and 308 mL (P = 0.001), respectively. Wound infection in Group
A and B was seen in 0.6% and 3.7%, respectively. Wound breakdown was seen in 1.1% in Group A as
compared to 6.5% in Group B (P = 0.001). Revision surgeries were performed in 1.4% and 11.1% of Group
A and B, respectively (P = 0.001). Conclusion: There was a statistically and clinically significant higher
rate of complications and revision rate noted in simultaneous augmentation with mastopexy (Group B) as
compared to augmentation mammoplasty alone (Group A). However, the rise in complications rate is sum
of the complications of the two individual components performed and not exponential.

In this article, the author discusses similarities and differences between Pharaonic circumcision and reinfibulation and breast augmentation under systems of male dominance and female subordination.  Despite the medical problems associatioed with each, women choose to be reinfibulated or have breast implants.  There are systemic reasons associated with male dominance--in the case of reinfibulation, patriarchy and polygamy, and in the case of breast augmentation, institutional interests and phallocentrism--that impinge on women's "choice" of these procedures.

Cosmetic surgery is a highly gendered medical practice in which the majority of patients are women and surgeons are men,  and the manner in which surgical stories are told differs depending on one’s location at the operating table. Examining the ways that cosmetic surgeons narrate their profession in popular media such as newspapers, women’s magazines, and the internet reveals that surgeons generally conceive of their role as either what I call “surgeon-artist” or “surgeon-scientist.” However, patients’ narratives of cosmetic surgery differ dramatically from those of surgeons. Focusing on one narrative of cosmetic surgery through the words of Melinda,  a woman I interviewed, I argue that the way Melinda tells her story demonstrates an acute awareness of how surgeons narrate their practice but also challenges these surgeon-narratives insofar as Melinda narrates her surgery as an emotional history of her body, rather than as a feat of art or science.

Background The authors present a new type of dual-plane mammaplasty and preliminary results obtained with it. The technique is aimed at improving the final natural appearance of breasts without adding additional risks of dislocation. Methods The eligibility criteria specified patients with sufficient breast tissue to disguise the implant, patients with asymmetric hypoplasia, and patients with an intense workout activity. The exclusion criteria specified patients with very little breasts. The technique is based on combined subglandular positioning in the superior part of the breast and retrofascial–precostal positioning in the inferior part. Results Beginning in January 2000, 57 patients were recruited. No postoperative bleedings, hematomas, or seromas were observed. In 93% of cases, good final shapes were obtained. After 1 year of follow-up evaluation, no displacement, asymmetry, or rupture was recorded. Only three patients (5.3%) showed mild monolateral capsular contractures (Baker II type), which resolved using capsulotomy without prostheses removal. Conclusions “Reverse” dual-plane mammaplasty is a new technique that gives a good anatomic final appearance with no risk of displacement. The low risk of complications renders it feasible and safe for aesthetic breast augmentation. Further studies are necessary to compare this technique with retroglandular and retropectoral approaches.

Explantation following aesthetic mammoplasty without implant replacement is quite uncommon and often leaves the patient worse off than prior to mammoplasty. A case is presented here in which patient’s own tissue was used as an inferior dermoglandular flap for autologous breast remodeling. Inferior dermal flap has been described for breast reconstruction and simultaneous augmentation mammoplasty with mastopexy for prosthesis cover in the lower pole of the breast, but its use following explantation without implant replacement has not been described for breast remodeling and volume conservation.

There are different ways of achieving breast augmentation. The best ways of achieving that include breast implants. Breast implant is regarded augmentation mammoplasty. Two major implant types include saline and silicone. The other type includes breast lift. This is done for women with sagging breast. Sometimes it can be combined with breasts implants. The other type of augmentation is fat transfer. This implies a transfer of fat. During breast augmentation, patients have to choose between local and general anesthesia. When you apply local anesthesia the patient would be awake and observe what is going on, but this is different from general anesthesia where the patient would not be awake. Moreover, the incision would be discussed with the surgeon so that the patient should have an option to choose from. The doctor would explain all the options and the patient has to make a choice. Usually, there are three types of incisions to select from. You have to consider breast augmentation cost before you make your choice. The type of incision the patient may opt to depend on different factors such as the degree of breast enlargement, which the patient wants as well as the type of implant the patient wants, and the patient's anatomy and so on. It does not take time before you begin to notice the effect of the breast augmentation. You should know that you are going to experience some side effects such as body swelling. This side effect would subside in a matter of days. As time goes on the patient would be in a position to know whether the augmentation went well or not.

Breast Asymmetry Correction Our bodies are not symmetrical and therefore it is quite normal for a woman to have two slightly different sized or shaped breasts. There are times however, where the difference in size and shape of the breasts is significant (asymmetric breasts) and this can cause embarrassment and lack of self-confidence. Surgery can be performed to correct this and the aim is to match both breasts in size and shape either by making the larger breast smaller or the smaller breast larger.

Thinking about having breast done? Well, like searching for a something to buy, any type of surgery requires cautious consideration, research and basic knowledge of what's involved before taking the first appointment with a surgeon. Breast augmentation has been around for years but not all people know this detail. So before embarking on a transformative beauty journey here is some helpful information every woman must know before getting breast augmentation. 1: Types There are two types of implants used today, the saline and the silicone. Saline is filled after they're placed and can be easily reduced or enlarged post-surgery and can possible may cause the skin to look rippled. Silicon, on the other hand, is preferred because they look and feels more real but it also has platinum that can be harmful if shatter. 2: Different size It is important to pick the right size for the body. Using sizers, a bead-filled neoprene sack, can stuff the bra to give an idea of the size that can fit the body perfectly. Women must also put in mind that they should not pick too big for their body to avoid regret when their body starts to stretches with age. 3: Fat-transfer breast augmentation It entails liposuction fat out of one part of the body and injecting it to the breast. 4: Breast augmentation and reduction Women who've done augmentation and reduction may sometimes choose not to breastfeed because the milk supply may be affected depending on where the incision is made. If happen that the augmentation and reduction are made around the areola, then it can disturb ducts and make it impossible to breastfeed. 5: Not a great candidate for breast augmentation surgery

PURPOSE: With concerns about the high rate of breast implant complications, surgeons and patients increasingly seek alternative options. A general belief that fat transfer provides less volume than many patients may need for augmentation led us to expand previously published concepts1,2 into a multiplanar anatomic approach to consistently permit transfer of larger volumes. Avoiding breast parenchyma itself, there are 6 distinct anatomic planes in the breast. We proposed that by grafting each of these separately, greater volumes could be added without overwhelming the capacity for neovascularization. Also, by modulating volumes placed in each plane, specific shapes, better symmetry, and increased central projection might be achieved.

METHODS: Preoperatively, patients are marked when vertical, creating contour maps outlining each anatomic plane to be grafted. Augmentation planes and graft harvest sites were infiltrated with nondistorting volumes of 1:500,000 epinephrine; 30 minutes were awaited for vasoconstriction. Gold-plated, multiholed 2.4- and 3.0-mm cannulas (1 mm orifices) facilitated harvest of particulate fat. Preferential harvest of accessory breast mounds would improve peripheral contours of the breasts and decrease chest circumference. Harvest syringes were heparinized to prevent fibrin formation and potentiate growth factors.3 All harvested fat was commingled, creating a confluent “mosaic graft” mass with consistent physiologic properties. Cannulas (1.5 mm; 1 mm holes) on 10-ml syringes were used to graft each anatomic plane using 2-mm incisions and cross-tunneling. Cannulas were kept tangential to the chest wall to avoid intrathoracic penetration. Volumes were transferred to create desired shape and size. Compression wear was used for harvest sites, but not on breasts themselves. The 6 anatomic planes are listed below, with expected enhancements and potential transfer volumes noted:

• Subpectoral/preperiosteal (projection of entire breast mound), 50 ml
• Intrapectoral (central and superior fill), 30 ml
• Prepectoral (central and superior fill), 50 ml
• Deep subglandular (inferior enhancement and central projection), 60 ml
• Superficial/subcutaneous (inferior fullness and medial cleavage), 30 ml
• Subareolar/intra-nipple (youthful projection of nipple areolar complex), 24 ml

EXPERIENCE: Over 5 years, in 3 dozen cases (average 2-year follow-up), there were no significant complications, no fat necrosis nodules, and no secondary revisions. Skin expansion was not needed. Enhancements ranged from 120 to 300 ml per breast.

RESULTS: Natural appearing breasts were consistently produced, indistinguishable from unoperated breasts by visual inspection and palpation. Scarring was negligible. Patients reported no issues with subsequent mammograms.

CONCLUSIONS: Breast augmentation with up to 300 ml of fat graft bilaterally can be accomplished using a 6-plane, anatomically based technique. This approach can also be applied for reconstructive care, postexplant augmentation, asymmetry correction,  and for reconfiguration of postpregnancy and postmenopausal concerns. Further work is needed to determine fat survival in each grafted plane.

REFERENCES:
1. Coleman SR, Saboeiro AP. Primary breast augmentation with fat grafting. Clin Plast Surg. 2015;42:301–306, vii.
2. Kerfant N, Henry AS, Hu W, et al. Reply: subfascial primary breast augmentation with fat grafting: a review of
156 cases. Plast Reconstr Surg. 2018;141:317e.
3. Teplica D, Robinson B. Heparin-enhanced harvest and decanting for autologous fat transfer. Plast Reconstr
Surg Glob Open. 2018;6:1690e.

No high-level evidences about the best technique or the best implant to use for obtaining the best outcomes in aesthetic breast augmentation, with low complications and re-interventions rates exist from available literature. In this paper we present the actual best evidence about the etiopathogenesis of main complications in aesthetic breast augmentation, identifying some basic rules to follow in order to reduce complication rates in our daily activity, minimizing re-interventions, obtaining long lasting results and high women's satisfaction levels.

The word 'makeover' is dotted through popular culture and is applied to a range of activities including home renovation, gardening, urban renewal, and business invigoration. Makeover culture is part of a socio-cultural paradigm that values endless improving, renovating and rejuvenating. Makeover citizens enact urgent and neverending renovations of the self. Cosmetic surgery is both symptom and manufacturer of makeover culture. It is indicative and constitutive of an arena in which ideal objects and subjects are always being improved, and in which everything -including the body -is always ripe for enhancement. This paper focuses on the 1990s French pornography star, Lolo Ferrari. Two aspects of Ferrari's famous cosmetic surgery are examined. They indicate a darker side of makeover culture -one that is less about lifestyle and surface gloss and more about pornography, death and unconsciousness. The first is her breasts, which I examine in relation to gigantism and normalised notions of femininity, and as symbols of the transition from girl to woman. The second is Ferrari's striking declaration that she loved being under anaesthetic. I delve into this notion to discuss how immobility, stasis, decay and mortality are crucial parts of makeover culture's promises of transformation.

The internet is a knowledge technology and market place, ingrained in everyday social life, which provides an avenue to examine social and gendered relationships. This paper examines a particular gendered arrangement, how breast augmentation is offered to women on internet websites. Breast augmentation is rapidly becoming the most popular cosmetic surgery for Western women. We identified and analysed the content of 20 New Zealand websites offering breast augmentation surgery. Analysis documented two major issues that dominated website presentations. The first positioned breast augmentation as a solution to a deficient breast. Reworking the breast allows possibilities for women to construct revised subjectivities, within socially constrained and gendered norms, dominated by idealized female forms. The second positioned breast augmentation as an elective choice of neoliberal consumerism, constrained by gendered expertise, and a lack of information about the risks and complications of this surgery. We reveal how cosmetic surgery websites selling breast augmentation are complex medicalized sites, raising important issues for further research.

The inframammary approach in breast augmentation, still the most popular technique among plastic surgeons, has always been hampered by the undesirable appearance of its scar. The present paper describes a modified approach to inframammary augmentation with saline- filled prostheses. This approach uses a very short incision, thus result- ing in a much less noticeable scar. The surgical technique is easy to learn, simple to execute, does not necessitate any special equipment and gives consistent results. Decreasing the scar length to an absolute minimum ensures higher patient and surgeon satisfaction.

In an increasingly visual society, beauty may seem only skin deep. This chapter considers the ethics of cosmetic surgery through the lens of posthumanism, a stance that suggests that defects of the body can be overcome through technology. Cosmetic surgery, with its reliance on prostheses and promise of reshaping
the body, is, at its heart, a posthuman enterprise. Although many have engaged in cosmetic surgery, actress Heidi Montag became an exemplar of reshaping the body by undergoing ten different plastic surgery procedures in one day. Using Montag as foil, this chapter examines four ethical dimensions of cosmetic surgery: the ethics of the medical professionals who perform and advertise these procedures, the ethics of the individual making the decision, the ethics of the media structures that promote a homogenous
ideal of beauty, and the ethics of those who tacitly approve of such procedures.

Silicone implants are frequently used for breast augmentation and reconstruction. However, late complication, such as capsular contracture, remain the most important side effect. In this study we compare different methods for reducing the inflammatory reaction around the silicone implant by introducing one microtextured breast implant in wistar rats. The rats were dividing in 4 groups: the first one was the control group that received untreated implant; in the second we used silicone implants impregnated with rifampin solution, the third one had implant combined with intramuscular dexamethasone injection and the last one had silicone implant associated with autologous centrifuged fat introduced in the implant pocket. The implants and the capsular tissue surrounding were removed after eight weeks. Capsule samples were submitted to histological evaluations. The present study demonstrated that fat grafting may have a role in reducing and preventing capsular contractures after breast au...

If you’re thinking about reaping the benefits of a tummy tuck, you’re clearly not alone: according to recent figures released by the Harris Poll, interest in medical aesthetic treatments is at an all-time high in the UK – and the most desirable procedure of them all is an abdominoplasty.