Cancer

Caffeic acid phenethyl ester (CAPE) is the major pharmacologically-active component of some propolis types, rich in polyphenols, such as poplar propolis types. CAPE has the potential to be applied as a pharmaceutical as it possesses most of the pharmacological activities of propolis, such as anti-proliferative, antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial. Its advantage is that it lacks some of the downsides of total propolis extracts, such as inability for unified standardization, which is cornerstone for implementing its therapeutic potential as a drug. The current paper provides an overview on the pharmacodynamic principles of CAPE. We present literature search outcomes form ClinicalTrials.gov database and from scientific publications, available on Scopus and Crossref databases. We take a round view of CAPE’s potential therapeutic implications in light of approved drugs with related modes of action.

A. Pakdaman developed the first process to enrich water with oxygen to 60 mg O 2 /l. In 1988 he introduced oral oxygen therapy into the clinical medicine and nutrition. Pakdaman's process uses an ion physical linkage of molecular O 2 and H 2 O molecules. The O 2 molecules lodge themselves in the "voids" formed between the H 2 O molecules, which are covered with a protective water membrane. Direct contact with mitochondria cell tissues (glands, intestine, liver, kidney, brain, heart, etc) ruptures the sealing membrane and the released oxygen is then readily available to the cell. Oxygen will be mostly absorbed by diffusion and osmosis through cells in the stomach and intestine and will enter the body's blood circulation system through the portal vein. Such additional oxygen can perform all the same functions as the oxygen absorbed through the lungs. Several structures of our organs participate in the absorption and transportation of the oxygen. Among them are the villi and cells containing mitochondrion in the small intestine as well as the lymph system. One of the many pollutants in our ground, surface and drinking water is Nitrate (NO 3). Bacteria in the water will reduce the nitrate to nitrite, which in turn can evolve into e.g. nitrosamines, a known cancer causing substance. Especially vulnerable are small children, who can suffer from hemoglobin blockages. The oxygen in the water can drastically reduce the levels of nitrate and 1992 tests by the Hygiene Institute of the University of Düsseldorf have shown that oxygen enriched water can reduce nitrate by up to 500%. Scientifically confirmed effects of oxygen on the human body (are): • Improved oxygen utilisation disorder and cellular hypoxia (oxygen starvation); • Correction of hypoventilation due to functional weakness of the respiratory tract, by virtue of oxygen transport directly into the blood circulation via the gastrointestinal tract and portal vein; • Correction of disorders of intracellular respiration caused by anemia, enzyme defect, poisoning etc; • Conversion of anaerobic metabolism in cancer cells, inhibiting the growth of malignant cells; • Prophylactic and therapeutic improvement of migraine due to reduction of cerebral hypoxia; • Immune system stimulation and modulation: leucocytes, monocytes, granulocytes, natural killer cells; • Elevation of cellular energy delivery and increases in physical and psychological ability; • Improvements of cell metabolism and biological oxidation through increased availability of oxygen for the mitochondrion and also influencing the regulation of cellular calcium ion concentration; • Acceleration of body detoxification via activation of cytochrome P-450 in the liver; • Improvements of the micro-circulation in the capillary blood vessels; • Improvement of myocardial hypoxia and prevention of heart tissue necrosis insufficiency; • Regulation of blood pressure through effects on chemo-receptors in the carotid and aortic bodies; • Increased number of blood cells; erythrocytes, Hct, Hb and platelets; • Antibacterial and antiviral effect, especially on anaerobic bacteria; • Cytotoxic effect on camphylobactor pylori, plus other gastric and intestinal mucosa improvements; • Neutralization of the stomach acids secreted by the parietal cells and transformation into water; • Acceleration of the wound-healing process (washing and cleansing of open wounds).

Objectives
This study sought to explore perspectives of trans and gender diverse (TGD) people of ways to alleviate gender dysphoria in service provision and to develop a framework for application in health and other areas that can be used by researchers and service providers to design study protocols, assess organisations and enhance everyday practice in ways that are sensitive to TGD people’s experiences.

Methods
Data from a national Australian survey on TGD people conducted in 2018–2019 (n = 340) were used to develop a framework for alleviating dysphoria. Participants were asked an open-ended question on ways that body discomfort could be minimised in clinical encounters. Inductive thematic analysis was used to develop themes true to participant sentiment, which formed the basis for the development of a framework.

Results
The sample was overall young, with 60.6% aged 18–24, and a strong representation of gender diverse people (42.6%). The most important theme for participants was the context of the experience, which included the subthemes of the interpersonal qualities of service providers, language and pronouns, and practical aspects. Aspects of systems were also important, with education and awareness being particularly emphasised, followed by inclusive environments. Access to gender affirming medical and surgical procedures was rarely mentioned (2.6%). A minority of participants indicated that there was nothing that could be done to alleviate their gender dysphoria (4.4%).

Conclusions
The study proposes a framework that can help facilitate assessment of a service’s current practices, inform a practitioner’s daily practice and be used by researchers to appropriately design studies. The most important areas to address centre on the context of the immediate experience, which may be influenced through systems-level characteristics.

People abused by angry discipline as children, may tend to abuse or overly punish other people or themselves for perceived wrongs in their adult life. In some individuals, aggressive personality traits may be genetically inherited. The aggressive personality may feel weakened by having guidelines or boundaries for anger. Anger is a normal human emotion, and these guidelines can help express anger in a healthy way.

Tumor microenvironment (TME) is a host for a complex network of heterogeneous stromal cells with overlapping or opposing functions depending on the dominant signals within this milieu. Reciprocal paracrine interactions between cancer cells with cells within the tumor stroma often reshape the TME in favor of the promotion of tumor. These complex interactions require more sophisticated approaches for cancer therapy, and, therefore, advancing knowledge about dominant drivers of cancer within the TME is critical for designing therapeutic schemes. This review will provide knowledge about TME architecture, multiple signaling, and cross communications between cells within this milieu, and its targeting for immunotherapy of cancer.

BACKGROUND: Clinical audit has been increasingly required for the accreditation process in every modern healthcare system. Data collection and analysis are excessively time-consuming in everyday practice. The primary aim of our study was to evaluate the ...

PurposeAdjuvant chemotherapy for resected non–small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is now accepted on the basis of several randomized clinical trials (RCTs) that demonstrated improved survival. Although there is strong evidence that adjuvant chemotherapy is effective in stages II and IIIA NSCLC, its utility in stage IB disease is unclear. This report provides a mature analysis of Cancer and Leukemia Group B (CALGB) 9633, the only RCT designed specifically for stage IB NSCLC.Patients and MethodsWithin 4 to 8 weeks of resection, patients were randomly assigned to adjuvant chemotherapy or observation. Eligible patients had pathologically confirmed T2N0 NSCLC and had undergone lobectomy or pneumonectomy. Chemotherapy consisted of paclitaxel 200 mg/m2intravenously over 3 hours and carboplatin at an area under the curve dose of 6 mg/mL per minute intravenously over 45 to 60 minutes every 3 weeks for four cycles. The primary end point was overall survival.ResultsThree hundred-forty-four patients...

Pancreatic cancer is a rapidly fatal disease, and there is an urgent need for early detection markers and novel therapeutic targets. The current study has used a proteomic approach of two-dimensional (2D) gel electrophoresis and mass spectrometry (MS) to identify differentially expressed ...

Obesity is a well recognized risk factor for several types of cancers, many of which occur solely or disproportionately in women. Adipose tissue is a rich source of adipose-derived stem cells (ASC), which have received attention for their role in cancer behavior. The purpose of this systematic review is to present the existing literature on the role of ASCs in the growth, development, progression, and metastasis of cancer, with an emphasis on malignancies that primarily affect women. To accomplish this goal, the bibliographic database PubMed was systematically searched for articles published between 2001 and 2014 that address ASCs' relationship to human cancer. Thirty-seven articles on ASCs' role in human cancer were reviewed. Literature suggests that ASCs exhibit cancer-promoting properties, influence/are influenced by the tumor microenvironment, promote angiogenesis, and may be associated with pathogenic processes through a variety of mechanisms, such as playing a role in ...