WO2024066880A1 - S偏振光透反膜、挡风窗、显示装置和交通设备 - Google Patents

S偏振光透反膜、挡风窗、显示装置和交通设备 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2024066880A1
WO2024066880A1 PCT/CN2023/115754 CN2023115754W WO2024066880A1 WO 2024066880 A1 WO2024066880 A1 WO 2024066880A1 CN 2023115754 W CN2023115754 W CN 2023115754W WO 2024066880 A1 WO2024066880 A1 WO 2024066880A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
film
transparent substrate
optical layer
polarized light
refractive index
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Application number
PCT/CN2023/115754
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
吴慧军
徐俊峰
Original Assignee
未来（北京）黑科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Priority claimed from CN202222552785.6U external-priority patent/CN218455808U/zh
Priority claimed from CN202211175744.8A external-priority patent/CN117805956A/zh
Application filed by 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司 filed Critical 未来（北京）黑科技有限公司
Publication of WO2024066880A1 publication Critical patent/WO2024066880A1/zh

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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B27/00—Optical systems or apparatus not provided for by any of the groups G02B1/00 - G02B26/00, G02B30/00
    • G02B27/01—Head-up displays
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/08—Mirrors
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/30—Polarising elements

Definitions

  • Embodiments of the present disclosure relate to the field of head-up display technology, and in particular to an S-polarized light transflective film, a windshield, a display device, and traffic equipment.
  • HUD head up display
  • the HUD image source By projecting the light emitted by the HUD image source onto the imaging window (rear-mounted imaging board or vehicle windshield, etc.), the user can directly see the image without lowering his head, thereby improving the user experience. For example, in some cases, the driver can avoid being distracted by looking down at the dashboard while driving, thereby improving the driving safety factor and also providing a better driving experience.
  • a technical problem that can be solved by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure is: how to improve the optical effect of the transflective film.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure provides an S-polarized light transflective film, which includes at least one first optical layer and at least one second optical layer alternately arranged, the refractive index of the first optical layer is greater than the refractive index of the second optical layer, and the number of layers of the first optical layer is less than or equal to the number of layers of the second optical layer; the S-polarized light transflective film is configured to reflect S-polarized light and transmit ambient light, the reflectivity of the S-polarized light transflective film to the first S-polarized light is greater than or equal to a first preset value, and the reflectivity to light in the visible light band other than the first S-polarized light is at least 5% lower than the reflectivity to the first S-polarized light.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film in the S-polarized light transflective film provided, is configured to reflect S-polarized light and transmit ambient light, including: It is configured to reflect S-polarized light within a first angle range relative to a normal line, and transmit ambient light within a second angle range relative to the normal line; wherein the first angle range is 30 degrees to 89 degrees, and the second angle range is 30 degrees to 80 degrees.
  • the first S-polarized light includes at least one spectral line or spectral band with a half-peak width less than or equal to 60 nm.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a windshield, which includes a transparent substrate, a first anti-reflection film, a first protective film and a transflective film, wherein the first anti-reflection film is located on a first side of the transparent substrate; the first protective film is located on a side of the first anti-reflection film away from the transparent substrate; the transflective film is located on a side of the first anti-reflection film away from the first protective film, wherein the transflective film is the S-polarized light transflective film provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a display device, comprising an image source and a windshield provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure, wherein the image source is configured to emit S-polarized light; the windshield is configured to reflect the S-polarized light emitted by the image source and transmit ambient light.
  • At least one embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a traffic device, which includes the display device provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure
  • FIG2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG9 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a transflective film provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG10 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of an antireflection film provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • FIG. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the inventors of the present disclosure have discovered that the optical effect of the transflective film in the related art is relatively poor.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure provides an S-polarized light transflective film, which includes at least one first optical layer and at least one second optical layer alternately arranged, the refractive index of the first optical layer is greater than the refractive index of the second optical layer, and the number of the first optical layers is less than or equal to the number of the second optical layers; the S-polarized light transflective film is arranged to reflect S-polarized light and transmit ambient light, the reflectivity of the S-polarized light transflective film to the first S-polarized light is greater than or equal to a first preset value, and the reflectivity to light in the visible light band other than the first S-polarized light is at least 5% lower than the reflectivity to the first S-polarized light, and the S-polarized light transflective film can improve the optical effect.
  • Fig. 9 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a transflective film provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the transflective film 2 is an S-polarized light transflective film.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film is a transparent nanofilm.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film is set to have a reflectivity greater than that of the S-polarized light. Reflectivity for P-polarized light.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film includes at least one first optical layer and at least one second optical layer alternately arranged.
  • the refractive index of the first optical layer is greater than the refractive index of the second optical layer, so the first optical layer can also be called a high refractive index layer, and the second optical layer can also be called a low refractive index layer.
  • the number of first optical layers can be less than or equal to the number of second optical layers.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film 2 includes two first optical layers 211/212 and two second optical layers 221/222 that are alternately arranged, for example, the first optical layer 211, the second optical layer 221, the first optical layer 212, and the second optical layer 222 are stacked in sequence.
  • the refractive index of the first optical layers 211 and 212 is greater than the refractive index of the second optical layers 221 and 222.
  • the first optical layer 211 is referred to as a first high refractive index layer 211
  • the second optical layer 221 is referred to as a first low refractive index layer 221
  • the first optical layer 212 is referred to as a second high refractive index layer 212
  • the second optical layer 222 is referred to as a second low refractive index layer 222.
  • the refractive indexes of the plurality of first optical layers may be all the same, or partly the same, or completely different.
  • the refractive indexes of the first high refractive index layer 211 and the second high refractive index layer 212 may be the same or different.
  • the refractive indexes of the plurality of second optical layers may be all the same, or partly the same, or completely different.
  • the refractive indexes of the first low refractive index layer 221 and the second low refractive index layer 222 may be the same or different.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film is configured to reflect S-polarized light and transmit ambient light.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film is configured to reflect S-polarized light at a first angle range relative to the normal line and transmit ambient light at a second angle range relative to the normal line.
  • the first angle range may be 30 to 89 degrees, such as 40 to 80 degrees, such as 50 to 70 degrees
  • the second angle range may be 30 to 80 degrees, such as 40 to 70 degrees.
  • the transflective film can better reflect S-polarized light and transmit ambient light, thereby achieving a higher reflectivity and transmittance.
  • the reflectivity of the S-polarized light transflective film to the first S-polarized light is greater than or equal to a first preset value, and the reflectivity to light in the visible light band other than the first S-polarized light is at least 5% lower than the reflectivity to the first S-polarized light.
  • the first preset value is greater than or equal to 50%.
  • the first S-polarized light includes at least one spectral line or spectral band with a half-peak width less than or equal to 60 nm (nanometers).
  • the wavelength corresponding to the spectral line or spectral band equal to 60nm.
  • light in the visible light band except the first S polarized light includes other S polarized light and P polarized light except the first S polarized light among the S polarized light.
  • the structure and parameters of the S-polarized light transflective film provided in the embodiments of the present disclosure can improve the optical effect of the transflective film, for example, not only can the reflectivity of the S-polarized light transflective film to S-polarized light be improved, but also the overall transmittance of the S-polarized light transflective film to light in the visible light band can be improved, thereby facilitating users to simultaneously watch the virtual image formed by the image light with S-polarized light and the display imaging of ambient light, and can reduce the brightness requirement for the image source emitting the image light.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film is easy to design and process, and can be mass-produced to reduce production costs.
  • FIG. 9 shows a stacked structure of two first optical layers and two second optical layers
  • other numbers of first optical layers and other numbers of second optical layers may be set according to actual needs.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film may include a stacked structure of one, two, three or even more first optical layers/second optical layers.
  • the refractive index n1 of the first optical layers 211 and 212 may be in the range of 1.8 ⁇ n1 ⁇ 2.3
  • the refractive index n2 of the second optical layers 221 and 222 may be in the range of 1.2 ⁇ n2 ⁇ 1.8 .
  • the refractive index n1 of the first optical layers 211 and 212 may be in the range of 1.9 ⁇ n1 ⁇ 2.2
  • the refractive index n2 of the second optical layers 221 and 222 may be in the range of 1.3 ⁇ n2 ⁇ 1.6 .
  • the first optical layer and the second optical layer may further achieve better optical effects by adopting such refractive indices.
  • the refractive index of the entire first optical layer can be the same refractive index, or the first optical layer can include multiple parts (which can be called first parts), and the refractive indexes of the multiple first parts are different;
  • the refractive index of the entire second optical layer can be the same refractive index, or the second optical layer can include multiple parts (which can be called second parts), and the refractive indexes of the multiple second parts are different.
  • first optical layers may have the same refractive index or different refractive indexes; different second optical layers may have the same refractive index or different refractive indexes.
  • all first optical layers are layers of the same material
  • all second optical layers are layers of the same material.
  • the two optical layers are made of the same material. It can be understood that the same material layer means that the materials of these material layers have the same molecular formula.
  • the number of first optical layers is less than or equal to 50.
  • the number of second optical layers is less than or equal to 50. This facilitates reducing the overall number of first optical layers and second optical layers in the S-polarized light transflective film, facilitates the production and processing of the S-polarized light transflective film, improves production efficiency, facilitates improving the uniformity of the overall film layer of the S-polarized light transflective film, and improves the optical effect.
  • the thickness of the first optical layer may range from 1 nm to 200 nm, such as 1 nm-150 nm, such as 10 nm-100 nm
  • the thickness of the second optical layer may range from 1 nm to 200 nm, such as 1 nm-150 nm, such as 10 nm-100 nm.
  • the first optical layer and the second optical layer within the above thickness range are easier to manufacture, and can avoid the first optical layer being too thin and inconvenient to process, thereby improving the accuracy of the thickness of the first optical layer; the first optical layer and the second optical layer within the above thickness range can also avoid the first optical layer being too thick, resulting in poor uniformity of each optical layer.
  • the first optical layer has a thickness of 5 nm to 125 nm
  • the second optical layer has a thickness of 20 nm to 195 nm.
  • the thickness of the first high refractive index layer 211 can be 5nm to 35nm
  • the thickness of the first low refractive index layer 221 can be 5nm to 35nm
  • the thickness of the second high refractive index layer 212 can be 20nm to 50nm
  • the thickness of the second low refractive index layer 222 can be 80nm to 130nm.
  • the parameter when a parameter is described as ranging from A to B, it indicates that the parameter includes the two endpoints of the range, namely A and B.
  • the thickness of the first optical layer ranges from 1 nm to 200 nm
  • the thickness of the first optical layer may be 1 nm or 200 nm.
  • the description of the ranges of other parameters is similar and will not be repeated here.
  • the material of the first optical layer includes an inorganic metal compound, such as tantalum pentoxide ( Ta2O5 ), titanium dioxide ( TiO2 ), magnesium fluoride ( MgF2 ), etc., or a mixture of the above materials;
  • the material of the second optical layer includes an inorganic oxide, such as silicon dioxide ( SiO2 ), silicon nitride (SiN) or silicon oxynitride (SiNO), etc., or a mixture of the above materials.
  • the average transmittance of the S-polarized light transflective film for P-polarized light in the visible light range is greater than 60% within the second angle range.
  • the transflective film increases the transmittance of P-polarized light, thereby improving the overall transmittance of visible light.
  • the first S polarized light includes at least a first light component, a second light component, and a third light component with different wavelengths.
  • the first light component, the second light component, and the third light component all include a spectrum line or a spectrum band with a half-peak width less than or equal to 60nm.
  • the wavelength of the first light component ranges from 410nm to 480nm.
  • the wavelength of the second light component ranges from 500nm to 565nm.
  • the wavelength of the third light component ranges from 590nm to 690nm. This facilitates improving the imaging effect of the first S polarized light.
  • the S-polarized light transflective film provided in the embodiment of the present disclosure has a simpler preparation process.
  • the first optical layer and the second optical layer can be formed by coating using a conventional physical vapor deposition (e.g., evaporation, sputtering, etc.) method or deposited using a chemical vapor deposition method.
  • both the first optical layer and the second optical layer can be formed by horizontal magnetron sputtering coating.
  • the manufacturing process of the first optical layer and the second optical layer may include: pre-treating, cleaning and other processes on the original glass of the glass plate (for example, which can be used as a transparent substrate), and then sending the original glass to a sputtering coating production line equipped with multiple coating cathodes, and depositing each film layer on the original glass in sequence according to the stacking structure of the first optical layer/second optical layer and its thickness design; after the coating is completed, high-temperature molding, lamination and other operations are performed; then, a low surface energy film layer (for example, the AF film described later) can be coated and arranged on the surface of the stacking structure of the first optical layer/second optical layer before or after lamination, and the coating process may include surface cleaning, coating (for example, spraying, dipping or smearing, etc.), drying and other steps.
  • pre-treating, cleaning and other processes on the original glass of the glass plate for example, which can be used as a transparent substrate
  • the inventors of the present disclosure have also found in their research that the front windshield of a vehicle is usually laminated glass, which is composed of at least two glass substrates with a certain curvature and an intermediate layer sandwiched between different glass substrates.
  • the light emitted by the projection light source of the head-up display system will be reflected when passing through the two surfaces of the laminated glass in contact with the air, and the reflected images on the two surfaces will be offset to form two mutually interfering ghost images. Therefore, due to the large change in the refractive index of the glass-air interface of the windshield, it is easy to cause the reflection of the image source light to form a ghost image.
  • an embodiment of the present disclosure further provides a windshield, which includes a transparent substrate, a first anti-reflection film, a first protective film and a transflective film, wherein the first anti-reflection film is located on a first side of the transparent substrate; the first protective film is located on a side of the first anti-reflection film away from the transparent substrate; the transflective film is located on a side of the first anti-reflection film away from the first protective film, wherein the transflective film is an S-polarized light transflective film provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the windshield can reduce the occurrence of ghosting on the windshield.
  • FIG1 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the windshield includes a transparent substrate 1 , a first anti-reflection (AR for short, also known as anti-reflection) film 31 , a first protective film 41 and a transflective film 2 .
  • AR anti-reflection
  • an anti-reflection film can increase the transmittance of light.
  • the first anti-reflection film 31 is located on the first side of the transparent substrate 1.
  • the first anti-reflection film 31 is located on the surface of the first side of the transparent substrate 1.
  • the first protective film 41 is located on the side of the first anti-reflection film 31 away from the transparent substrate 1.
  • the transflective film 2 is located on the side of the first anti-reflection film 31 away from the first protective film 41.
  • the transflective film 2 is located on the second side of the transparent substrate 1, and the second side is opposite to the first side. That is, in this example, the transflective film 2 is located on the side of the transparent substrate 1 away from the first anti-reflection film 31.
  • the transflective film 2 is located on the surface of the second side of the transparent substrate 1.
  • the transflective film refers to a film layer that reflects a portion of light and transmits another portion of light.
  • the transflective film 2 is an S-polarized light transflective film provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first side of the transparent substrate 1 is the outer side of the transparent substrate
  • the second side of the transparent substrate 1 is the inner side of the transparent substrate
  • the “outside” and “inside” here can be relative to the position of the image source of the head-up display, or can also be relative to the transparent substrate as the windshield of the vehicle.
  • the image source is located on the right side of the transparent substrate (not shown in Figure 1), then the right side of the transparent substrate is the inner side of the transparent substrate, and the left side of the transparent substrate is the outer side of the transparent substrate.
  • the transparent substrate is installed on the vehicle as a windshield, the right side of the transparent substrate is the interior of the vehicle, that is, the inner side of the transparent substrate, and the left side of the transparent substrate is the exterior of the vehicle, that is, the outer side of the transparent substrate.
  • the right side of the transparent substrate can be regarded as the inner side of the transparent substrate, and the left side of the transparent substrate can be regarded as the outer side of the transparent substrate.
  • the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • the transflective film is attached or plated on the surface of the transparent substrate. That is, the transflective film can be disposed on the transparent substrate by means of film attachment or film coating.
  • the first anti-reflective film can be disposed on the outermost surface of the transparent substrate by means of film coating or film attachment.
  • the first protective film is attached or plated on the surface of the first anti-reflective film. That is, the first protective film can be disposed on the surface of the first anti-reflective film by means of film coating or film attachment.
  • a transflective film is arranged on the inner surface of the transparent substrate, which can improve the reflection effect of the image light emitted by the image source and realize the transmission of external light;
  • a first anti-reflective film is arranged on the outer surface of the transparent substrate, and the first anti-reflective film It can increase the transmittance, buffer the refractive index between the glass and air interface, and reduce the occurrence of reflections and ghosting. In this way, the reflection of the image light of the image source on the windshield surface is increased, the brightness requirement of the image source is reduced, and the occurrence of ghosting on the windshield can be reduced, so that better visual effects can be obtained and costs can be reduced.
  • the first protective film can protect the first anti-reflection film, prevent the first anti-reflection film from being contaminated by stains or scratched by sharp objects, and facilitate improving the service life and working reliability of the first anti-reflection film.
  • the first protective film 41 may be an anti-fingerprint (AF) film or a hardened film.
  • the AF film may have properties such as oleophobic, hydrophobic, and scratch-resistant, thereby protecting the first anti-reflection film 31. This may make it difficult for fingerprints or other dirt to be stained on the outer surface of the windshield, thereby achieving the effects of being waterproof, oil-proof, and dust-proof, and keeping the outer surface clean.
  • the thickness of the first protective film is less than or equal to 50 nanometers, such as less than or equal to 30 nanometers.
  • the thickness of the first protective film can be less than or equal to 10 nanometers, such as less than or equal to 5 nanometers.
  • the thickness of the first protective film is 2 nanometers to 3 nanometers. The thickness of the first protective film is small and will not substantially affect the optical performance of the first anti-reflection film.
  • FIG2 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the windshield shown in FIG. 2 also includes a transparent substrate 1 , a first anti-reflection film 31 , a first protective film 41 and a transflective film 2 .
  • the windshield may further include a second anti-reflection film 32.
  • the second anti-reflection film 32 is located on a side of the transparent substrate 1 away from the first anti-reflection film 31.
  • the second anti-reflection film 32 is located on a surface of the transflective film 2 on a side away from the transparent substrate 1.
  • the transflective film 2 is located on the second side of the transparent substrate 1, and the transflective film 2 is located between the transparent substrate 1 and the second anti-reflection film 32.
  • the transmittance of the image light can be further increased, the loss of the image light of the image source (located on the inner side (e.g., right side) of the transparent substrate, not shown in FIG. 2 ) can be reduced, and more image light can reach the transflective film 2.
  • the windshield may further include a second protective film 42.
  • the second protective film 42 is located on the side of the second anti-reflection film 32 away from the transparent substrate 1.
  • the second protective film 42 is located on the surface of the second anti-reflection film 32.
  • the second protective film 42 is an anti-fingerprint film or a hardening film.
  • the second protective film has properties such as oleophobic, hydrophobic, and scratch-resistant, and can be To protect the second anti-reflection film.
  • the thickness of the second protective film is less than or equal to 50 nanometers, for example, less than or equal to 10 nanometers.
  • the thickness of the second protective film is less than or equal to 5 nanometers; for example, the thickness of the second protective film is 2 nanometers to 3 nanometers.
  • the thickness of the second protective film is small and will not substantially affect the function of the second antireflection film.
  • FIG3 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the windshield includes: a transparent substrate 1, a first anti-reflection film 31, a first protective film 41 and a transflective film 2.
  • the first anti-reflection film 31 is located on a first side of the transparent substrate 1.
  • the first anti-reflection film 31 is located on a surface of the transparent substrate 1.
  • the first protective film 41 is located on a side of the first anti-reflection film 31 away from the transparent substrate 1.
  • the transflective film 2 is located on a side of the first anti-reflection film 31 away from the first protective film 41.
  • the first protective film 41 has been described in detail above and will not be repeated here.
  • the transparent substrate 1 includes a plurality of sub-transparent substrates (e.g., glass substrates) stacked together.
  • the plurality of sub-transparent substrates are two sub-transparent substrates, and the two sub-transparent substrates include a first sub-transparent substrate 11 and a second sub-transparent substrate 12, and the first sub-transparent substrate 11 is farther away from the first anti-reflection film 31 than the second sub-transparent substrate 12.
  • the first sub-transparent substrate 11 may also be referred to as an inner sub-transparent substrate
  • the second sub-transparent substrate 12 may also be referred to as an outer sub-transparent substrate.
  • FIG3 shows that the transparent substrate 1 includes two sub-transparent substrates 11 and 12, the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • the transparent substrate 1 may also include more sub-transparent substrates, for example, three sub-transparent substrates, four sub-transparent substrates, and so on.
  • the transparent substrate 1 further includes at least one intermediate layer 13.
  • the intermediate layer 13 is disposed between every two adjacent sub-transparent substrates in the plurality of sub-transparent substrates.
  • the transparent substrate 1 further includes an intermediate layer 13 between the first sub-transparent substrate 11 and the second sub-transparent substrate 12.
  • the intermediate layer 13 is a thermoplastic polymer film (for example, the material of the film includes polyvinyl butyral, referred to as PVB).
  • the transparent substrate when the transparent substrate includes more (e.g., three, four, etc.) sub-transparent substrates, the transparent substrate includes more intermediate layers.
  • the transparent substrate when the transparent substrate includes three sub-transparent substrates, the transparent substrate includes two intermediate layers, each of which is disposed between every two adjacent sub-transparent substrates.
  • the transparent substrate when the transparent substrate includes four sub-transparent substrates, the transparent substrate includes three intermediate layers, Each intermediate layer is disposed between every two adjacent sub-transparent substrates.
  • the transparent substrate may be a composite transparent substrate, such as a composite glass plate.
  • the transflective film is located between one of the plurality of sub-transparent substrates and the intermediate layer.
  • the transflective film 2 is located between the second sub-transparent substrate 12 and the intermediate layer 13.
  • the transflective film is disposed inside the transparent substrate, which is easy to process and shape in terms of process implementation, and can prevent the transflective film from being scratched or stained with dirt.
  • the transflective film is located between a sub-transparent substrate and an intermediate layer
  • the intermediate layer may be an intermediate layer adjacent to the sub-transparent substrate, for example, may be one of two intermediate layers adjacent to the sub-transparent substrate.
  • the transflective film is located on the surface of the one sub-transparent substrate.
  • the transflective film 2 is located on the surface of the second sub-transparent substrate 12.
  • FIG4 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the transflective film 2 is located between the first sub-transparent substrate 11 and the intermediate layer 13.
  • the transflective film 2 is located on the surface of the first sub-transparent substrate 11.
  • the transflective film 2 is located on the side of the first anti-reflection film 31 away from the first protective film 41.
  • the surfaces of the first sub-transparent substrate and the second sub-transparent substrate are sequentially referred to as the first surface, the second surface, the third surface, and the fourth surface from the inside to the outside (for example, from right to left).
  • the transflective film is disposed on the third surface of the second sub-transparent substrate 12 or the second surface of the first sub-transparent substrate 11. In other words, the transflective film can be disposed on one of the two opposite surfaces of the two adjacent sub-transparent substrates.
  • the transflective film 2 can be arranged between the sub-transparent substrate and the intermediate layer by means of film sticking or coating; the first anti-reflection film 31 can be arranged on the outermost surface of the transparent substrate 1 by means of coating or sticking; the first protective film 41 is arranged on the surface of the first anti-reflection film 31 by means of coating or sticking.
  • the thickness of the first sub-transparent substrate 11 is less than the thickness of the second sub-transparent substrate 12. That is, the thickness of the inner sub-transparent substrate is less than the thickness of the outer sub-transparent substrate, for example, the thickness of the first sub-transparent substrate 11 is less than 10 mm. This can reduce the occurrence of ghosting.
  • At least one of the first sub-transparent substrate, the second sub-transparent substrate and the intermediate layer is wedge-shaped, which can also reduce the occurrence of ghosting.
  • the first sub-transparent substrate 11 is a wedge-shaped sub-transparent substrate, that is, the thickness cross section of the inner sub-transparent substrate is wedge-shaped, which can also reduce the occurrence of ghosting.
  • the intermediate layer 13 is a wedge-shaped intermediate layer, that is, the shape of the thickness cross section of the intermediate layer is a wedge, which can also play an effect of reducing the occurrence of ghosting.
  • the second sub-transparent substrate 12 is a wedge-shaped sub-transparent substrate, that is, the thickness cross-section of the sub-transparent substrate on the outside is wedge-shaped, which can also play an effect of reducing the occurrence of ghosting.
  • the first sub-transparent substrate 11 is a wedge-shaped sub-transparent substrate
  • the intermediate layer 13 is a wedge-shaped intermediate layer, which can also play an effect of reducing the occurrence of ghosting.
  • the windshield may further include a second antireflection film 32.
  • the second antireflection film 32 is located on the side of the transparent substrate 1 away from the first antireflection film 31.
  • the second antireflection film 32 is located on the surface of the first sub-transparent substrate 11 on the side away from the first antireflection film 31. That is, the second antireflection film 32 is located on the surface of the innermost sub-transparent substrate (or the sub-transparent substrate farthest from the first antireflection film) on the side away from the first antireflection film 31.
  • the second antireflection film 32 can be arranged on the innermost surface of the transparent substrate 1 by coating or pasting.
  • the transmission of the image light of the image source located on the inner side (e.g., right side) of the transparent substrate, not shown in the figure
  • the reflection of the image light by the first sub-transparent substrate can be reduced, thereby reducing the occurrence of ghosting.
  • Fig. 5 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Compared with the windshield shown in Fig. 4 , the windshield shown in Fig. 5 is provided with a second protective film 42 .
  • Fig. 6 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure. Compared with the windshield shown in Fig. 3 , the windshield shown in Fig. 6 is provided with a second protective film 42 .
  • the second protective film 42 has been described in detail above and will not be described again here.
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield according to at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the windshield includes: a transparent substrate 1, a first antireflection film 31, a first protective film 41, and a transflective film 2.
  • the first antireflection film 31 is located on a first side of the transparent substrate 1.
  • the first protective film 41 is located on a side of the first antireflection film 31 away from the transparent substrate 1.
  • the transflective film 2 is located on a side of the first antireflection film 31 away from the first protective film 41.
  • the transflective film 2 is the S Polarized light transflective film. In this embodiment, the transflective film 2 is located between the first anti-reflective film 31 and the transparent substrate 1.
  • the transflective film 2 is arranged on the outside of the transparent substrate 1
  • the first anti-reflective film 31 is arranged on the outer surface of the transflective film 2
  • the first protective film 41 is arranged on the outside of the first anti-reflective film 31.
  • the windshield may further include a second antireflection film 32.
  • the second antireflection film 32 is located on a side of the transparent substrate 1 away from the first antireflection film 31.
  • the second antireflection film 32 is located on the surface of the transparent substrate 1.
  • the transmission of the image light of the image source can be increased and the reflection of the image light can be reduced, and by providing the transflective film, the image light is mainly reflected on the transflective film, thereby reducing the occurrence of ghosting.
  • FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of yet another windshield provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the windshield shown in FIG8 has a second protective film 42. That is, in addition to the transparent substrate 1, the first anti-reflection film 31, the first protective film 41, the transflective film 2 and the second anti-reflection film 32, the windshield also includes the second protective film 42.
  • the second protective film 42 can protect the second anti-reflection film.
  • the second protective film 42 has been described in detail above and will not be repeated here.
  • the antireflection film and the protective film of the embodiment of the present disclosure are further described in detail below.
  • the first anti-reflection film 31 includes at least one third optical layer and at least one fourth optical layer alternately arranged, the refractive index of the third optical layer is greater than the refractive index of the fourth optical layer, so that the third optical layer can also be called a high refractive index layer, and the fourth optical layer can also be called a low refractive index layer.
  • the number of layers of the third optical layer is equal to the number of layers of the fourth optical layer.
  • the structure of the second anti-reflection film 32 can be the same or similar to the structure of the first anti-reflection film 31.
  • the third optical layer and the fourth optical layer are both anti-reflection coatings. Therefore, the first anti-reflection film 31 and the second anti-reflection film 32 respectively include a multilayer anti-reflection coating.
  • the multilayer anti-reflection coating may include a first anti-reflection coating (i.e., the third optical layer) and a second anti-reflection coating (i.e., the fourth optical layer) alternately stacked, wherein the refractive index of the first anti-reflection coating is greater than the refractive index of the second anti-reflection coating.
  • the anti-reflection coating can suppress reflection on the glass surface.
  • the refractive indices of the plurality of third optical layers may be all the same, or partly the same, or completely different.
  • the antireflection film includes two third optical layers, and the refractive indices of the two third optical layers may be the same or different.
  • the antireflection film for example, the first antireflection film 31 or the second antireflection film 32
  • the refractive indices of the plurality of fourth optical layers may be all the same, or partly the same, or completely different.
  • the antireflection film includes two fourth optical layers, and the refractive indices of the two fourth optical layers may be the same or different.
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an antireflection film provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the first anti-reflection film 31 (or the second anti-reflection film 32) includes two third optical layers 311 and 312 and two fourth optical layers 321 and 322 that are alternately arranged.
  • the number of the third optical layer and the fourth optical layer here is only exemplary, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not limited thereto.
  • the number of the third optical layer and the fourth optical layer can both be 1 layer, 3 layers or more layers.
  • the refractive index of the third optical layers 311 and 312 is greater than the refractive index of the fourth optical layers 321 and 322.
  • the number of the third optical layer is equal to the number of the fourth optical layer.
  • the refractive index n3 of the third optical layer is in the range of 2 ⁇ n3 ⁇ 2.5
  • the refractive index n4 of the fourth optical layer is in the range of 1.2 ⁇ n4 ⁇ 1.7 .
  • the refractive index n3 of the third optical layer is in the range of 2.1 ⁇ n3 ⁇ 2.3
  • the refractive index n4 of the fourth optical layer is in the range of 1.3 ⁇ n4 ⁇ 1.6 .
  • the refractive index of the third optical layer (eg, the first anti-reflective coating) is greater than or equal to 2; and the refractive index of the fourth optical layer (eg, the second anti-reflective coating) is less than 1.8.
  • the refractive index of the entire third optical layer may be the same refractive index, or the third optical layer may include multiple parts (which may be called third parts), and the refractive indexes of the multiple third parts are different;
  • the refractive index of the entire fourth optical layer may be the same refractive index, or the fourth optical layer may include multiple parts (which may be called fourth parts), and the refractive indexes of the multiple fourth parts are different.
  • the fourth optical layer is further away from the transparent substrate than the third optical layer.
  • the transparent substrate is located below the anti-reflection film 31 (or 32) shown in FIG. 10 (not shown in FIG. 10)
  • the fourth optical layer 321 is further away from the transparent substrate than the third optical layer 311
  • the fourth optical layer 322 is further away from the transparent substrate than the third optical layer 312.
  • the third optical layer and the fourth optical layer may be formed in the same manner as the first optical layer and the second optical layer described above.
  • the optical layer is formed by a similar manufacturing process and will not be described in detail here.
  • the refractive index of the fourth optical layer ranges from 1.37 to 1.57.
  • the refractive index of the fourth optical layer 322 at the outermost layer of the anti-reflection film 31 (or 32) ranges from 1.37 to 1.57.
  • the refractive index of the fourth optical layer 322 may be 1.47.
  • the number of the third optical layers is less than or equal to 10.
  • the number of the fourth optical layers is less than or equal to 10.
  • the thickness of the third optical layer ranges from 10 nm to 150 nm, such as 50 nm-100 nm; the thickness of the fourth optical layer ranges from 10 nm to 150 nm, such as 50 nm-100 nm.
  • the material of the third optical layer includes an inorganic metal compound, such as tantalum pentoxide ( Ta2O5 ), titanium dioxide ( TiO2 ), magnesium fluoride ( MgF2 ), etc., or a mixture of the above materials;
  • the material of the fourth optical layer includes an inorganic oxide, such as silicon dioxide ( SiO2 ), silicon nitride (SiN) or silicon oxynitride (SiNO), etc., or a mixture of the above materials.
  • the first anti-reflection film 31 includes at least one third optical layer and at least one fourth optical layer alternately arranged, the refractive index of the third optical layer is greater than the refractive index of the fourth optical layer, and the second optical layer and the fourth optical layer are made of the same material layer.
  • the structure of the second anti-reflection film 32 can be the same or similar to that of the first anti-reflection film 31.
  • the refractive index of the first protective film 41 and the refractive index of the second protective film 42 are both in the range of 1.3 to 1.5. That is, the refractive index of the first protective film 41 and the refractive index of the second protective film 42 are both greater than or equal to 1.3 and less than or equal to 1.5. For example, in some examples, the refractive index of the first protective film 41 and the refractive index of the second protective film 42 are both about 1.4.
  • the ratio of the refractive index of the first antireflection film to the refractive index of the first protective film is greater than or equal to 0.8 and less than or equal to 1.2. In this way, the refractive index of the antireflection film and the protective film is close, which can reduce the reflection of the surface between the two.
  • the refractive index of the outermost fourth optical layer in each layer of the antireflection film is 1.37 to 1.57 (for example, 1.47), and the refractive index of the first protective film 41 and the refractive index of the second protective film 42 are both 1.3 to 1.5 (for example, about 1.4).
  • the refractive index of the antireflection film is close to that of the protective film, so that the difference between the two can be reduced.
  • the protective film can be located on the outermost fourth optical layer of the anti-reflection film.
  • the first protective film 41 and the second protective film 42 may both be AF films.
  • the AF film is a low surface energy film layer.
  • the material of the low surface energy film layer includes at least one of R1-Si(OR2) 3 or Si(R3) m X 4-m , wherein R1 is an organic group in which at least one H (hydrogen) atom is replaced by F (fluorine) or Cl (chlorine), R2 and R3 are organic groups, X is F or Cl, and 1 ⁇ m ⁇ 3.
  • R1-Si(OR2) 3 includes at least one of heptadecafluorodecyltrimethoxysilane, tridecafluorooctyltriethoxysilane, tridecafluoroalkylpropyltrimethoxysilane, dodecafluoroalkyltrimethoxysilane or trifluoropropyltrimethoxysilane.
  • Si(R3) m X 4-m includes at least one of methyltrichlorosilane, methyldodecyldichlorosilane, dimethyldichlorosilane, methylphenyldichlorosilane, methylvinyldichlorosilane or 3-trifluoropropyltrichlorosilane.
  • the surface energy of the low surface energy film layer is less than or equal to 0.3 Jm -2
  • the refractive index of the low surface energy film layer is less than or equal to 1.6
  • the contact angle between the low surface energy film layer and deionized water is greater than 90 degrees
  • the geometric thickness of the low surface energy film layer is 1 nanometer to 5 nanometers.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a display device provided by at least one embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the display device is a head-up display device.
  • the display device includes an image source 110 and a windshield 120.
  • the windshield is a windshield provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure.
  • the windshield is configured to reflect the S-polarized light emitted by the image source 110 and transmit ambient light.
  • the windshield 120 may include an imaging window 122.
  • the image source may include a projection device (e.g., a projector) that points to the imaging window 122 of the windshield.
  • the image source 110 can generate image light, and the image light emitted by the image source 110 is incident on the imaging window 122, and the imaging window 122 reflects the image light to a designated area, for example, the image light is reflected to the eye box area 140, so that an observer (such as a driver) can view the imaging picture 130 in the eye box area 140 along the reverse extension line direction of the image light, and the imaging picture is a virtual image.
  • an observer such as a driver
  • the eye box area can be preset according to actual needs.
  • the eye box area refers to the area where the observer's eyes are located and the image displayed by the display device can be seen, for example, it can be a plane area or a three-dimensional area.
  • the traffic device includes a display device provided in an embodiment of the present disclosure, such as the display device shown in FIG11.
  • the display device is a head-up display device
  • the windshield is a windshield of the traffic device.
  • the transportation equipment can be various appropriate means of transportation, such as land transportation equipment such as various types of cars, or water transportation equipment such as ships, etc., as long as a front window is set at the driving position and the image is projected onto the front window through the vehicle-mounted display system.

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Abstract

本公开提供了一种S偏振光透反膜、挡风窗、显示装置和交通设备。S偏振光透反膜包括：交替设置的至少一层第一光学层和至少一层第二光学层，第一光学层的折射率大于第二光学层的折射率，第一光学层的层数小于或等于第二光学层的层数；S偏振光透反膜设置为反射S偏振光，且透射环境光，S偏振光透反膜对第一S偏振光的反射率大于或等于第一预设值，且对除第一S偏振光以外的处于可见光波段的光线的反射率比对第一S偏振光的反射率低至少5％。

Description

S偏振光透反膜、挡风窗、显示装置和交通设备
本申请要求于2022年9月26日递交的中国发明专利申请第202211175744.8号的优先权以及中国实用新型专利申请第202222552785.6号的优先权，在此全文引用上述中国专利申请公开的内容以作为本申请的一部分。
技术领域
本公开的实施例涉及抬头显示技术领域，特别涉及一种S偏振光透反膜、挡风窗、显示装置和交通设备。
背景技术
HUD(head up display，抬头显示装置)也称为平视显示装置。通过将HUD的像源发出的光线投射到成像窗(后装的成像板或者车辆的挡风窗等)上，用户无需低头就可以直接看到画面，从而可以提高用户体验。例如，在一些情形中，可以避免驾驶员在驾驶过程中低头看仪表盘所导致的分心，从而提高驾驶安全系数，同时也能带来更好的驾驶体验。
发明内容
本公开至少一实施例可以解决的一个技术问题是：如何提高透反膜的光学效果。
本公开至少一实施例提供了一种S偏振光透反膜，该S偏振光透反膜包括交替设置的至少一层第一光学层和至少一层第二光学层，所述第一光学层的折射率大于所述第二光学层的折射率，所述第一光学层的层数小于或等于所述第二光学层的层数；所述S偏振光透反膜设置为反射S偏振光，且透射环境光，所述S偏振光透反膜对第一S偏振光的反射率大于或等于第一预设值，且对除所述第一S偏振光以外的处于可见光波段的光线的反射率比对所述第一S偏振光的反射率低至少5％。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的S偏振光透反膜中，所述S偏振光透反膜设置为反射S偏振光且透射环境光包括：所述S偏振光透反膜 设置为相对于法线以第一角度范围反射S偏振光，且相对于法线以第二角度范围透射环境光；其中，所述第一角度范围为30度至89度，所述第二角度范围为30度至80度。
例如，本公开至少一实施例提供的S偏振光透反膜中，所述第一S偏振光包括至少一个半峰宽小于或等于60nm的谱线或谱带。
本公开至少一实施例还提供了一种挡风窗，该挡风窗包括透明基板、第一增透膜、第一保护膜和透反膜，第一增透膜位于所述透明基板的第一侧；第一保护膜位于所述第一增透膜的远离所述透明基板的一侧；透反膜位于所述第一增透膜的远离所述第一保护膜的一侧，其中，所述透反膜为本公开实施例提供的S偏振光透反膜。
本公开至少一实施例还提供了一种显示装置，该显示装置包括像源和本公开实施例提供的挡风窗，所述像源被配置为发射S偏振光；所述挡风窗被配置为反射所述像源发射的S偏振光且透射环境光。
本公开至少一实施例还提供了一种交通设备，该交通设备包括本公开实施例提供的显示装置。
附图说明
为了更清楚地说明本公开实施例的技术方案，下面将对实施例的附图作简单地介绍，显而易见地，下面描述中的附图仅仅涉及本公开的一些实施例，而非对本公开的限制。
图1是本公开至少一个实施例提供的挡风窗的截面示意图；
图2是本公开至少一个实施例提供的另一挡风窗的截面示意图；
图3是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再一挡风窗的截面示意图；
图4是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图；
图5是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图；
图6是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图；
图7是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图；
图8是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图；
图9是本公开至少一个实施例提供的透反膜的截面示意图；
图10是本公开至少一个实施例提供的增透膜的截面示意图；以及
图11是本公开至少一个实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图。
具体实施方式
为使本公开实施例的目的、技术方案和优点更加清楚，下面将结合本公开实施例的附图，对本公开实施例的技术方案进行清楚、完整地描述。显然，所描述的实施例是本公开的一部分实施例，而不是全部的实施例。基于所描述的本公开的实施例，本领域普通技术人员在无需创造性劳动的前提下所获得的所有其他实施例，都属于本公开保护的范围。
除非另外定义，本公开使用的技术术语或者科学术语应当为本公开所属领域内具有一般技能的人士所理解的通常意义。本公开中使用的“第一”、“第二”以及类似的词语并不表示任何顺序、数量或者重要性，而只是用来区分不同的组成部分。“包括”或者“包含”等类似的词语意指出现该词前面的元件或者物件涵盖出现在该词后面列举的元件或者物件及其等同，而不排除其他元件或者物件。“连接”或者“相连”等类似的词语并非限定于物理的或者机械的连接，而是可以包括电性的连接，不管是直接的还是间接的。“上”、“下”、“左”、“右”等仅用于表示相对位置关系，当被描述对象的绝对位置改变后，则该相对位置关系也可能相应地改变。
在本公开的实施例中，对于相关领域普通技术人员已知的技术、方法和设备可能不作详细讨论，但在适当情况下，所述技术、方法和设备应当被视为说明书的一部分。
本公开的发明人发现，在相关技术中的透反膜的光学效果较差。
鉴于此，本公开的实施例提供了一种S偏振光透反膜，该S偏振光透反膜包括交替设置的至少一层第一光学层和至少一层第二光学层，第一光学层的折射率大于第二光学层的折射率，第一光学层的层数小于或等于第二光学层的层数；S偏振光透反膜设置为反射S偏振光，且透射环境光，S偏振光透反膜对第一S偏振光的反射率大于或等于第一预设值，且对除第一S偏振光以外的处于可见光波段的光线的反射率比对第一S偏振光的反射率低至少5％，该S偏振光透反膜可以提高光学效果。
例如，图9是本公开至少一个实施例提供的透反膜的截面示意图。例如，如图9所示，透反膜2为S偏振光透反膜。例如，S偏振光透反膜为透明纳米膜。
这里可以理解的是，S偏振光透反膜设置为对S偏振光的反射率大于 对P偏振光的反射率。
例如，S偏振光透反膜包括交替设置的至少一层第一光学层和至少一层第二光学层。第一光学层的折射率大于第二光学层的折射率，从而第一光学层也可以称为高折射率层，第二光学层也可以称为低折射率层。例如，第一光学层的层数可以小于或等于第二光学层的层数。
例如，在图9示出的实施例中，S偏振光透反膜2包括交替设置的两个第一光学层211/212和两个第二光学层221/222，例如，第一光学层211、第二光学层221、第一光学层212和第二光学层222依次叠置。第一光学层211和212的折射率大于第二光学层221和222的折射率。为了区分不同的折射率层，在下面的描述中，将第一光学层211称为第一高折射率层211，将第二光学层221称为第一低折射率层221，将第一光学层212称为第二高折射率层212，将第二光学层222称为第二低折射率层222。
需要说明的是，在S偏振光透反膜包括多个第一光学层的情况下，多个第一光学层的折射率可以全部相同，或者部分相同，或者完全不同。例如，第一高折射率层211和第二高折射率层212的折射率可以相同或不同。类似地，在S偏振光透反膜包括多个第二光学层的情况下，多个第二光学层的折射率可以全部相同，或者部分相同，或者完全不同。例如第一低折射率层221和第二低折射率层222的折射率可以相同或不同。
例如，S偏振光透反膜设置为反射S偏振光，且透射环境光，例如，S偏振光透反膜设置为相对于法线以第一角度范围反射S偏振光，且相对于法线以第二角度范围透射环境光，例如，第一角度范围可以为30度至89度，例如40度至80度，例如50度至70度，第二角度范围可以为30度至80度，例如40度至70度。在这样的第一角度范围和第二角度范围内，透反膜可以更好地实现反射S偏振光且透射环境光，从而达到较高的反射率和透射率。
例如，S偏振光透反膜对第一S偏振光的反射率大于或等于第一预设值，且对除第一S偏振光以外的处于可见光波段的光线的反射率比对第一S偏振光的反射率低至少5％。
例如，在一些示例中，第一预设值大于或等于50％。
例如，第一S偏振光包括至少一个半峰宽小于或等于60nm(纳米)的谱线或谱带。例如，第一S偏振光的波长包括至少一个半峰宽小于或 等于60nm的谱线或谱带所对应的波长。
可以理解的是，“除第一S偏振光以外的处于可见光波段的光线”包括S偏振光中除第一S偏振光以外的其他S偏振光和P偏振光。
本公开实施例提供的S偏振光透反膜的结构和参数可以提高透反膜的光学效果，例如不仅可以提高S偏振光透反膜对S偏振光的反射率，而且可以提高S偏振光透反膜对可见光波段光线的整体透射率，由此有利于用户同时观看具有S偏振光的图像光线所形成的虚像以及环境光的显示成像，而且可以降低对发出图像光线的像源的亮度需求。另外，该S偏振光透反膜便于设计和加工，可以实现批量生产，降低生产成本。
需要说明的是，虽然图9示出了两个第一光学层和两个第二光学层的叠层结构，但是，在其他实施例中，也可以根据实际需要设置其他数量的第一光学层和其他数量的第二光学层，此时，S偏振光透反膜可以包括一个、两个、三个甚至更多个第一光学层/第二光学层的叠层结构。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一光学层211和212的折射率n1的范围可以为1.8<n1≤2.3，第二光学层221和222的折射率n2的范围可以为1.2≤n2≤1.8。第一光学层和第二光学层通过采用这样的折射率，可以实现比较好的光学效果，提高S偏振光透反膜对S偏振光的反射率。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一光学层211和212的折射率n1的范围可以为1.9≤n1≤2.2，第二光学层221和222的折射率n2的范围为1.3≤n2≤1.6。通过测试，第一光学层和第二光学层通过采用这样的折射率，可以进一步实现更好的光学效果。
需要说明的是，对于某个第一光学层来说，整个第一光学层的折射率可以为同一折射率，或者，该第一光学层可以包括多个部分(可以称为第一部分)，该多个第一部分的折射率不同；对于某个第二光学层来说，整个第二光学层的折射率可以为同一折射率，或者，该第二光学层可以包括多个部分(可以称为第二部分)，该多个第二部分的折射率不同。
还需要说明的是，不同的第一光学层可以具有相同的折射率，也可以具有不同的折射率；不同的第二光学层可以具有相同的折射率，也可以具有不同的折射率。
例如，在一些示例中，所有第一光学层均为相同的材料层，所有第 二光学层均为相同的材料层。这里可以理解的是，相同的材料层是指这些材料层的材料具有相同的分子式。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一光学层的层数小于或等于50。相应地，第二光学层的层数小于或等于50。由此便于减少S偏振光透反膜中第一光学层和第二光学层的整体层数，便于S偏振光透反膜的生产加工，提高生产效率，便于提高S偏振光透反膜整体的膜层均匀度，提高光学效果。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一光学层的厚度范围可以为1nm至200nm，例如1nm-150nm，例如10nm-100nm，第二光学层的厚度范围为1nm至200nm，例如1nm-150nm，例如10nm-100nm。上述厚度范围的第一光学层和第二光学层更便于制作，可以避免第一光学层的厚度太薄而不方便加工，由此能够提高第一光学层厚度的精确度；上述厚度范围的第一光学层和第二光学层还可以避免第一光学层的厚度太厚而导致每层光学层的均匀性较差。
例如，在一些示例中，第一光学层的厚度为5nm至125nm，第二光学层的厚度为20nm至195nm。
例如，在图9的示例中，第一高折射率层211的厚度可以为5nm至35nm，第一低折射率层221的厚度可以为5nm至35nm，第二高折射率层212的厚度可以为20nm至50nm，第二低折射率层222的厚度可以为80nm至130nm。
需要说明的是，在本公开的描述中，当描述某个参数的范围为A至B时，表明该参数包括该范围的两个端点，即A和B。例如，第一光学层的厚度范围为1nm至200nm，则第一光学层的厚度可以为1nm或200nm。其他参数的范围的描述类似，这里不再一一赘述。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一光学层的材料包括无机金属化合物，例如五氧化二钽(Ta2O5)、二氧化钛(TiO2)、氟化镁(MgF2)等，或者上述材料的混合物；第二光学层的材料包括无机氧化物，例如二氧化硅(SiO2)、氮化硅(SiN)或氮氧化硅(SiNO)等，或者上述材料的混合物。
例如，在一些实施例中，S偏振光透反膜在第二角度范围内，对在可见光范围内的P偏振光的平均透射率大于60％。这样便于提高S偏振光 透反膜对P偏振光的透射率，从而提高对可见光线的整体透过率。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一S偏振光至少包括波长不同的第一光分量、第二光分量和第三光分量。第一光分量、第二光分量和第三光分量均包括半峰宽小于或等于60nm的谱线或谱带。例如，第一光分量的波长的取值范围为410nm至480nm。例如，第二光分量的波长的取值范围为500nm至565nm。例如，第三光分量的波长的取值范围为590nm至690nm。这样便于提高第一S偏振光的成像效果。
本公开实施例提供的S偏振光透反膜具有更加简单的制备工艺，例如，第一光学层和第二光学层可采用传统的物理气相沉积(例如蒸发、溅射等)方法镀膜形成或者采用化学气相沉积方法沉积形成。例如，第一光学层和第二光学层均可采用卧式磁控溅射镀膜方式形成。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一光学层和第二光学层的制造过程可以包括：对玻璃板的原片玻璃(例如可以作为透明基板)进行预处理、清洗等工序，之后，将原片玻璃送入设置有多个镀膜阴极的溅射镀膜生产线，根据第一光学层/第二光学层的叠层结构及其厚度设计在原片玻璃上依次沉积各膜层；镀膜完成后进行高温成型、合片等操作；然后，低表面能膜层(例如稍后描述的AF膜)可以在合片前或合片后被涂覆布设到第一光学层/第二光学层的叠层结构的表面，该涂覆过程可以包括表面清洁、涂覆(例如，喷涂、浸涂或涂抹等)、干燥等步骤。
另外，本公开的发明人在研究中还发现，车辆的前挡风玻璃通常为夹层玻璃，其是由至少两片具有一定曲率的玻璃基板和不同玻璃基板之间夹设的中间层构成。抬头显示系统的投影光源发出的光经过夹层玻璃与空气接触的两个表面时均会发生反射，两个表面上的反射影像会产生偏移从而形成两个相互干扰的重影。因此，由于挡风玻璃的玻璃-空气界面的折射率变化较大，容易发生像源光线的反射而形成重影的问题。
鉴于此，本公开的实施例还提供一种挡风窗，该挡风窗包括透明基板、第一增透膜、第一保护膜和透反膜，第一增透膜位于透明基板的第一侧；第一保护膜位于第一增透膜的远离透明基板的一侧；透反膜位于第一增透膜的远离第一保护膜的一侧，其中，透反膜为本公开实施例提供的S偏振光透反膜。该挡风窗可以减少挡风窗发生重影的情况。
例如，图1是本公开至少一个实施例提供的挡风窗的截面示意图。
如图1所示，该挡风窗包括透明基板1、第一增透(Anti-reflection，简称为AR，也可以称为抗反射)膜31、第一保护膜41和透反膜2。
在本公开的实施例中，增透膜能够增大光线的透光率。第一增透膜31位于透明基板1的第一侧。例如，该第一增透膜31位于透明基板1的第一侧的表面上。第一保护膜41位于第一增透膜31的远离透明基板1的一侧。透反膜2位于第一增透膜31的远离第一保护膜41的一侧。例如，如图1所示，透反膜2位于透明基板1的第二侧，该第二侧与第一侧相对。也就是说，在该示例中，透反膜2位于透明基板1的远离第一增透膜31的一侧。例如，该透反膜2位于透明基板1的第二侧的表面上。
这里，透反膜是指反射一部分光线且透射另一部分光线的膜层。例如，透反膜2为本公开实施例提供的S偏振光透反膜。
例如，在一些实施例中，透明基板1的第一侧为透明基板的外侧，透明基板1的第二侧为透明基板的内侧。
需要说明的是，这里的“外侧”和“内侧”可以是相对抬头显示器的图像源的位置来说的，或者，也可以是相对将透明基板作为车辆的挡风玻璃来说的。例如，图像源位于透明基板的右侧(图1中未示出)，则透明基板的右侧即为透明基板的内侧，透明基板的左侧即为透明基板的外侧。又例如，在将透明基板作为挡风玻璃安装在车辆上后，透明基板的右侧为车辆的内部，即为透明基板的内侧，透明基板的左侧为车辆的外部，即为透明基板的外侧。示例性的，在本公开实施例的附图中，可以将透明基板的右侧作为透明基板的内侧，透明基板的左侧作为透明基板的外侧。当然，本领域技术人员能够理解，这仅是示例性的，本公开的实施例不限于此。
例如，在一些实施例中，透反膜贴设或镀设在透明基板的表面上。即，透反膜可以通过贴膜或镀膜的方式设置在透明基板上。第一增透膜可以通过镀膜或贴膜的方式设置在透明基板的最外侧表面。第一保护膜贴设或镀设在第一增透膜的表面上。即，第一保护膜可以通过镀膜或贴膜的方式设置在第一增透膜的表面上。
在本公开实施例提供的挡风窗中，在透明基板的内侧表面上设置透反膜，可以提高图像源发出的图像光线的反射效果，而且可以实现外界光线的透过；在透明基板的外侧表面上设置有第一增透膜，第一增透膜 可以增加透射率，缓冲玻璃-空气界面之间的折射率，减少发生反射而形成重影的情况。这样，既增加了挡风窗表面对像源的图像光线的反射，降低对像源的亮度需求，又可以减少挡风窗发生重影的情况，可以获得更好的视觉效果，而且降低成本，例如，减少重影可以提高画面的显示效果，提高车辆驾驶的安全性。另外，第一保护膜可以对第一增透膜起到保护作用，避免第一增透膜被污渍污染或被利器划伤，便于提高第一增透膜的使用寿命和工作可靠性。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一保护膜41可以为抗指纹(Anti-fingerprint，简称为AF)膜或硬化膜。AF膜可以起到疏油、疏水和耐刮等性能，从而可以起到保护第一增透膜31的作用。这可以使得挡风窗的外表面上难以沾上指纹或其他污物，起到防水防油防灰尘的效果，保持外表面的清洁。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一保护膜的厚度小于或等于50纳米，例如小于或等于30纳米。例如，在一些示例中，第一保护膜的厚度可以小于或等于10纳米，例如小于或等于5纳米。例如，在一些示例中，第一保护膜的厚度为2纳米至3纳米。第一保护膜的厚度较小，基本不会影响第一增透膜的光学性能。
例如，图2是本公开至少一实施例提供的另一挡风窗的截面示意图。
与图1所示的挡风窗类似的，图2所示的挡风窗也包括透明基板1、第一增透膜31、第一保护膜41和透反膜2。
例如，在一些实施例中，如图2所示，该挡风窗还可以包括第二增透膜32。该第二增透膜32位于透明基板1的远离第一增透膜31的一侧。例如，该第二增透膜32位于透反膜2的远离透明基板1的一侧的表面上。换言之，透反膜2位于透明基板1的第二侧，且透反膜2位于透明基板1与第二增透膜32之间。通过设置该第二增透膜，可以进一步增加图像光线的透射率，减小图像源(位于透明基板的内侧(例如右侧)，图2中未示出)的图像光线的损失，使更多的图像光线能够到达透反膜2处。
例如，在一些实施例中，如图2所示，该挡风窗还可以包括第二保护膜42。第二保护膜42位于第二增透膜32的远离透明基板1的一侧。例如，第二保护膜42位于第二增透膜32的表面上。例如，第二保护膜42为抗指纹膜或硬化膜。第二保护膜具有疏油、疏水和耐刮等性能，可 以起到保护第二增透膜的作用。
例如，在一些实施例中，第二保护膜的厚度小于或等于50纳米，例如小于或等于10纳米。示例性的，第二保护膜的厚度小于或等于5纳米；例如，第二保护膜的厚度为2纳米至3纳米。第二保护膜的厚度较小，基本不会影响第二增透膜的功能。
例如，图3是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再一挡风窗的截面示意图。
如图3所示，该挡风窗包括：透明基板1、第一增透膜31、第一保护膜41和透反膜2。第一增透膜31位于透明基板1的第一侧。例如，该第一增透膜31位于透明基板1的表面上。第一保护膜41位于第一增透膜31的远离透明基板1的一侧。透反膜2位于第一增透膜31的远离第一保护膜41的一侧。前面已经详细描述了第一保护膜41，这里不再赘述。
例如，在一些实施例中，透明基板1包括堆叠设置的多个子透明基板(例如，玻璃基板)。例如，在图3示出的实施例中，该多个子透明基板为两个子透明基板，该两个子透明基板包括第一子透明基板11和第二子透明基板12，第一子透明基板11相比第二子透明基板12更远离第一增透膜31。这里，第一子透明基板11也可以称为内侧子透明基板，第二子透明基板12也可以称为外侧子透明基板。
需要说明的是，虽然图3示出了透明基板1包括两个子透明基板11和12，但是本公开的实施例并不仅限于此。例如，透明基板1也可以包括更多个子透明基板，例如，三个子透明基板、四个子透明基板，等等。
例如，在一些实施例中，透明基板1还包括至少一个中间层13。中间层13设置在该多个子透明基板中的每两个相邻的子透明基板之间。例如，在图3示出的实施例中，透明基板1还包括处于第一子透明基板11与第二子透明基板12之间的中间层13。例如，中间层13为热塑性聚合物膜片(例如，该膜片的材料包括聚乙烯醇缩丁醛，简称为PVB)。
当然，本领域技术人员能够理解，在透明基板包括更多个(例如，三个、四个等)子透明基板的情况下，该透明基板包括更多个中间层。例如，在透明基板包括三个子透明基板的情况下，该透明基板包括两个中间层，每个中间层设置在每两个相邻的子透明基板之间。又例如，在透明基板包括四个子透明基板的情况下，该透明基板包括三个中间层， 每个中间层设置在每两个相邻的子透明基板之间。
例如，在上面的实施例中，透明基板可以为复合透明基板，例如复合玻璃板。
例如，在一些实施例中，透反膜位于多个子透明基板中的一个子透明基板与中间层之间。例如，如图3所示，透反膜2位于第二子透明基板12与中间层13之间。在该实施例中，将透反膜设置在透明基板的内部，工艺实现上容易加工和成型，而且可以防止透反膜被刮伤、沾上污物等。
另外，在上面的描述中，透反膜位于一个子透明基板与中间层之间，该中间层可以为与所述一个子透明基板相邻的中间层，例如，可以是与一个子透明基板相邻的两个中间层中的一个。
例如，在一些实施例中，透反膜位于所述一个子透明基板的表面上。例如，透反膜2位于第二子透明基板12的表面上。
例如，图4是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图。与图3所示的挡风窗不同的是，图4所示的挡风窗中，透反膜2位于第一子透明基板11与中间层13之间。例如，透反膜2位于第一子透明基板11的表面上。透反膜2位于第一增透膜31的远离第一保护膜41的一侧。
在本公开的实施例中，将第一子透明基板和第二子透明基板的表面从内到外(例如，从右到左)依次称为第一表面、第二表面、第三表面和第四表面。透反膜设置在第二子透明基板12的第三表面或第一子透明基板11的第二表面。或者说，透反膜可以设置在相邻两个子透明基板中相对的两个表面中的一个表面上。
例如，在一些实施例中，透反膜2可以通过贴膜或镀膜的方式设置在子透明基板与中间层之间；第一增透膜31通过镀膜或贴膜的方式设置在透明基板1的最外侧表面；第一保护膜41通过镀膜或贴膜的方式设置在第一增透膜31的表面上。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一子透明基板11的厚度小于第二子透明基板12的厚度。也就是说，处于内侧的子透明基板的厚度小于处于外侧的子透明基板的厚度，例如，第一子透明基板11的厚度小于10mm。这可以降低重影的发生。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一子透明基板、第二子透明基板和中间层中的至少一个为楔形。这也可以起到降低重影发生的效果。
例如，在一些示例中，第一子透明基板11为楔形的子透明基板。即处于内侧的子透明基板的厚度截面的形状为楔形。这也可以起到降低重影发生的效果。
例如，在一些示例中，中间层13为楔形的中间层。即，中间层的厚度截面的形状为楔形。这也可以起到降低重影发生的效果。
例如，在一些示例中，第二子透明基板12为楔形的子透明基板。即处于外侧的子透明基板的厚度截面的形状为楔形。这也可以起到降低重影发生的效果。
例如，在一些示例中，第一子透明基板11为楔形的子透明基板，中间层13为楔形的中间层，这也可以起到降低重影发生的效果。
例如，在一些实施例中，如图3或图4所示，该挡风窗还可以包括第二增透膜32。该第二增透膜32位于透明基板1的远离第一增透膜31的一侧。例如，该第二增透膜32位于第一子透明基板11的远离第一增透膜31的一侧的表面上。即，第二增透膜32位于处于最内侧的子透明基板(或者称为距离第一增透膜最远的子透明基板)的远离第一增透膜31的一侧的表面上。例如，第二增透膜32可以通过镀膜或贴膜的方式设置在透明基板1的最内侧表面。通过设置该第二增透膜，可以增加图像源(位于透明基板的内侧(例如右侧)，图中未示出)的图像光线的透射，减小第一子透明基板对图像光线的反射，从而减少重影的发生。
图5是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图。与图4所示的挡风窗相比，图5示出的挡风窗增加了第二保护膜42。
图6是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图。与图3所示的挡风窗相比，图6示出的挡风窗增加了第二保护膜42。
前面已经详细描述了第二保护膜42，这里不再赘述。
图7是本公开至少一个实施例的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图。
例如，如图7所示，该挡风窗包括：透明基板1、第一增透膜31、第一保护膜41和透反膜2。第一增透膜31位于透明基板1的第一侧。第一保护膜41位于第一增透膜31的远离透明基板1的一侧。透反膜2位于第一增透膜31的远离第一保护膜41的一侧。透反膜2为如前所述的S 偏振光透反膜。在该实施例中，透反膜2位于第一增透膜31与透明基板1之间。也就是说，在该实施例中，透反膜2设置在透明基板1的外侧，第一增透膜31设置在透反膜2的外侧表面，第一保护膜41设置在第一增透膜31的外侧。
例如，如图7所示，该挡风窗还可以包括第二增透膜32。该第二增透膜32位于透明基板1的远离第一增透膜31的一侧。例如，该第二增透膜32位于透明基板1的表面上。通过设置该第二增透膜，可以增加图像源(位于透明基板的内侧(即右侧)，图2中未示出)的图像光线的透射，减小图像光线的反射。
在上述挡风窗中，通过设置该第二增透膜，可以增加图像源的图像光线的透射，减小图像光线的反射，通过设置透反膜，使得图像光线主要在透反膜上被反射。因此，可以减少重影的发生。
图8是本公开至少一个实施例提供的再另一挡风窗的截面示意图。
与图7所示的挡风窗相比，图8示出的挡风窗增加了第二保护膜42。也就是说，该挡风窗除了包括透明基板1、第一增透膜31、第一保护膜41、透反膜2和第二增透膜32之外，还包括第二保护膜42。第二保护膜42可以起到保护第二增透膜的作用。前面已经详细描述了第二保护膜42，这里不再赘述。
下面分别对本公开实施例的增透膜和保护膜进行进一步地详细说明。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一增透膜31包括交替设置的至少一层第三光学层和至少一层第四光学层，第三光学层的折射率大于第四光学层的折射率，从而第三光学层也可以称为高折射率层，第四光学层也可以称为低折射率层。第三光学层的层数等于第四光学层的层数。第二增透膜32结构可以与第一增透膜31的结构相同或相似。
例如，第三光学层和第四光学层均为抗反射涂层。因此，第一增透膜31和第二增透膜32分别包括多层抗反射涂层。该多层抗反射涂层可以包括交替堆叠设置的第一抗反射涂层(即第三光学层)和第二抗反射涂层(即第四光学层)，其中，第一抗反射涂层的折射率大于第二抗反射涂层的折射率。抗反射涂层可以抑制玻璃表面上的反射。
需要说明的是，在增透膜(例如，第一增透膜31或第二增透膜32) 包括多个第三光学层的情况下，多个第三光学层的折射率可以全部相同，或者部分相同，或者完全不同。例如，增透膜包括两个第三光学层，该两个第三光学层的折射率可以相同或不同。类似地，在增透膜(例如，第一增透膜31或第二增透膜32)包括多个第四光学层的情况下，多个第四光学层的折射率可以全部相同，或者部分相同，或者完全不同。例如，增透膜包括两个第四光学层，该两个第四光学层的折射率可以相同或不同。
图10是本公开至少一个实施例提供的增透膜的截面示意图。
如图10所示，在一些实施例中，第一增透膜31(或第二增透膜32)包括交替设置的两层第三光学层311和312和两层第四光学层321和322。需要说明的是，这里的第三光学层和第四光学层的层数仅是示例性的，本公开的实施例并不限于此。例如，第三光学层和第四光学层的层数可以均为1层、3层或更多层。第三光学层311和312的折射率大于第四光学层321和322的折射率。第三光学层的层数等于第四光学层的层数。
例如，在一些实施例中，第三光学层的折射率n3的范围为2≤n3≤2.5，第四光学层的折射率n4的范围为1.2≤n4≤1.7。
例如，在一些实施例中，第三光学层的折射率n3的范围为2.1≤n3≤2.3，第四光学层的折射率n4的范围为1.3≤n4≤1.6。
因此，第三光学层(例如，第一抗反射涂层)的折射率大于或等于2；第四光学层(例如，第二抗反射涂层)的折射率小于1.8。
需要说明的是，对于某个第三光学层来说，整个第三光学层的折射率可以为同一折射率，或者，该第三光学层可以包括多个部分(可以称为第三部分)，该多个第三部分的折射率不同；对于某个第四光学层来说，整个第四光学层的折射率可以为同一折射率，或者，该第四光学层可以包括多个部分(可以称为第四部分)，该多个第四部分的折射率不同。
例如，在一些实施例中，第四光学层相比第三光学层更远离透明基板。例如，假设透明基板位于图10所示的增透膜31(或32)的下方(图10中未示出)，则第四光学层321相比第三光学层311更远离透明基板，第四光学层322相比第三光学层312更远离透明基板。
第三光学层和第四光学层可以采用与前面所述的第一光学层和第二 光学层类似的制造过程形成，这里不再详细描述。
例如，在一些实施例中，第四光学层的折射率的范围为1.37至1.57。例如，处于增透膜31(或32)的最外层的第四光学层322的折射率范围为1.37至1.57。例如，在一些示例中，第四光学层322的折射率可以为1.47。
例如，在一些实施例中，第三光学层的层数小于或等于10。相应地，第四光学层的层数小于或等于10。
例如，在一些实施例中，第三光学层的厚度范围为10nm至150nm，例如50nm-100nm；第四光学层的厚度范围为10nm至150nm，例如50nm-100nm。
例如，在一些实施例中，第三光学层的材料包括无机金属化合物，例如五氧化二钽(Ta2O5)、二氧化钛(TiO2)、氟化镁(MgF2)等，或者上述材料的混合物；第四光学层的材料包括无机氧化物，例如二氧化硅(SiO2)、氮化硅(SiN)或氮氧化硅(SiNO)等，或者上述材料的混合物。
例如，在另一些实施例中，第一增透膜31包括交替设置的至少一层第三光学层和至少一层第四光学层，第三光学层的折射率大于第四光学层的折射率，第二光学层与第四光学层为相同的材料层。第二增透膜32结构可以与第一增透膜31的结构相同或相似。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一保护膜41的折射率的范围和第二保护膜42的折射率的范围均为1.3至1.5。也就是说，第一保护膜41的折射率的范围和第二保护膜42的折射率的范围均为：大于或等于1.3且小于或等于1.5。例如，在一些示例中，第一保护膜41的折射率和第二保护膜42的折射率均为1.4左右。
例如，在一些实施例中，第一增透膜的折射率与第一保护膜的折射率的比值大于或等于0.8且小于或等于1.2。这样，增透膜与保护膜的折射率接近，可以降低这二者之间表面的反射。
例如，在上面的实施例中，处于增透膜的各个层中的最外层的第四光学层的折射率为1.37至1.57(例如，1.47)，而第一保护膜41的折射率和第二保护膜42的折射率均为1.3至1.5(例如，1.4左右)，这样，增透膜的折射率与保护膜的折射率比较相近，从而可以降低这二者之间 表面的反射。此时，保护膜可以位于增透膜的最外层的第四光学层上。
例如，在本公开的实施例中，第一保护膜41和第二保护膜42可以均为AF膜。
例如，在一些实施例中，AF膜为低表面能膜层。低表面能膜层的材料包括R1-Si(OR2)3或Si(R3)mX4-m中的至少一种，其中R1为至少一个H(氢)原子被F(氟)或Cl(氯)取代的有机基团，R2、R3为有机基团，X为F或Cl，1≤m≤3。
例如，R1-Si(OR2)3包括：十七氟癸基三甲氧基硅烷、十三氟辛烷基三乙氧基硅烷、十三氟烷基丙基三甲氧基硅烷、十二氟烷基三甲氧基硅烷或三氟丙基三甲氧基硅烷中的至少一种。
又例如，Si(R3)mX4-m包括：甲基三氯硅烷、甲基十二烷基二氯硅烷、二甲基二氯硅烷、甲基苯基二氯硅烷、甲基乙烯基二氯硅烷或3-三氟丙基三氯硅烷中的至少一种。
例如，低表面能膜层的表面能小于或等于0.3Jm-2，低表面能膜层的折射率小于或等于1.6，低表面能膜层与去离子水的接触角大于90度，低表面能膜层的几何厚度为1纳米至5纳米。
图11是本公开至少一个实施例提供的显示装置的结构示意图。例如，该显示装置为抬头显示装置。
例如，在一些实施例中，如图11所示，显示装置包括像源110和挡风窗120。该挡风窗为本公开实施例提供的挡风窗。挡风窗被配置为反射像源110发射的S偏振光且透射环境光。例如，如图11所示，挡风窗120可以包括成像窗122。像源可以包括投影装置(例如投影器)，其指向挡风窗的成像窗122。
例如，如图11所示，像源110可以产生图像光线，该像源110射出的图像光线入射至成像窗122上，成像窗122将图像光线反射至指定区域，例如，图像光线反射至眼盒区域140，这样，观察者(例如驾驶员)可以在眼盒区域140沿图像光线的反向延长线方向观看到成像画面130，该成像画面为虚拟图像。
这里可以理解的是，可以根据实际需求预设观察者需要观看成像的区域，即眼盒区域(eyebox)，该眼盒区域是指观察者双眼所在的、可以看到显示装置显示的图像的区域，例如可以是平面区域或者立体区域。
本公开至少一实施例还提供了一种交通设备。该交通设备包括本公开实施例提供的显示装置，例如图11所示的显示装置。例如，显示装置为抬头显示装置，挡风窗为交通设备的挡风玻璃。
例如，该交通设备可以是各种适当的交通工具，例如可以包括各种类型的汽车等陆上交通设备，或者可以是船等水上交通设备，等等，只要其驾驶位置设置前窗且通过车载显示系统将图像透射到前窗上即可。
还有以下几点需要说明：
(1)本公开实施例附图只涉及到与本公开实施例涉及到的结构，其他结构可参考通常设计。
(2)为了清晰起见，在用于描述本公开的实施例的附图中，层或区域的厚度被放大或缩小，即这些附图并非按照实际的比例绘制。可以理解，当诸如层、膜、区域或基板之类的元件被称作位于另一元件“上”或“下”时，该元件可以“直接”位于另一元件“上”或“下”或者可以存在中间元件。
(3)在不冲突的情况下，本公开的实施例及实施例中的特征可以相互组合以得到新的实施例。
以上，仅为本公开的具体实施方式，但本公开的保护范围并不局限于此，本公开的保护范围应以权利要求的保护范围为准。

Claims (21)

  1. 一种S偏振光透反膜，包括：交替设置的至少一层第一光学层和至少一层第二光学层，所述第一光学层的折射率大于所述第二光学层的折射率，所述第一光学层的层数小于或等于所述第二光学层的层数；
    所述S偏振光透反膜设置为反射S偏振光，且透射环境光，所述S偏振光透反膜对第一S偏振光的反射率大于或等于第一预设值，且对除所述第一S偏振光以外的处于可见光波段的光线的反射率比对所述第一S偏振光的反射率低至少5％。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的S偏振光透反膜，其中，所述S偏振光透反膜设置为反射S偏振光且透射环境光，包括：
    所述S偏振光透反膜设置为相对于法线以第一角度范围反射S偏振光，且相对于法线以第二角度范围透射环境光；
    其中，所述第一角度范围为30度至89度，所述第二角度范围为30度至80度。
  3. 根据权利要求1或2所述的S偏振光透反膜，其中，所述第一S偏振光包括至少一个半峰宽小于或等于60nm的谱线或谱带。
  4. 根据权利要求1-3任一所述的S偏振光透反膜，其中，所述第一预设值大于或等于50％。
  5. 根据权利要求1-4任一所述的S偏振光透反膜，其中，
    所述第一光学层的折射率n1的范围为1.8<n1≤2.3，所述第二光学层的折射率n2的范围为1.2≤n2≤1.8。
  6. 根据权利要求1-5任一所述的S偏振光透反膜，其中，
    所述第一光学层的层数小于或等于50；和/或，
    所述第一光学层的厚度范围为1nm至200nm，所述第二光学层的厚度范围为1nm至200nm；和/或，
    所述第一光学层的材料包括无机金属化合物，所述第二光学层的材料包括无机氧化物。
  7. 根据权利要求2所述的S偏振光透反膜，其中，
    所述S偏振光透反膜在所述第二角度范围内，对在可见光范围内的P偏振光的平均透射率大于60％；和/或，
    所述第一S偏振光至少包括波长不同的第一光分量、第二光分量和第三光分量，所述第一光分量、所述第二光分量和所述第三光分量均包括半峰宽小于或等于60nm的谱线或谱带，
    所述第一光分量的波长的取值范围为410nm至480nm，和/或，
    所述第二光分量的波长的取值范围为500nm至565nm，和/或，
    所述第三光分量的波长的取值范围为590nm至690nm。
  8. 一种挡风窗，包括：
    透明基板；
    第一增透膜，位于所述透明基板的第一侧；
    第一保护膜，位于所述第一增透膜的远离所述透明基板的一侧；和
    透反膜，位于所述第一增透膜的远离所述第一保护膜的一侧，其中，所述透反膜为如权利要求1-7任一所述的S偏振光透反膜。
  9. 根据权利要求8所述的挡风窗，其中，
    所述透反膜位于所述透明基板的第二侧，所述第二侧与所述第一侧相对；或者，
    所述透反膜位于所述第一增透膜与所述透明基板之间。
  10. 根据权利要求8或9所述的挡风窗，其中，所述第一增透膜包括交替设置的至少一层第三光学层和至少一层第四光学层，所述第三光学层的折射率大于所述第四光学层的折射率，所述第三光学层的层数等于所述第四光学层的层数。
  11. 根据权利要求10所述的挡风窗，其中，所述第三光学层的折射率n3的范围为2≤n3≤2.5，所述第四光学层的折射率n4的范围为1.2≤n4≤1.7。
  12. 根据权利要求10所述的挡风窗，其中，
    所述第三光学层的层数小于或等于10；和/或，
    所述第三光学层的厚度范围为10nm至150nm，所述第四光学层的厚度范围为10nm至150nm；和/或，
    所述第三光学层的材料包括无机金属化合物，所述第四光学层的材料包括无机氧化物。
  13. 根据权利要求8所述的挡风窗，其中，第一增透膜包括交替设置的至少一层第三光学层和至少一层第四光学层，所述第三光学层的折射率大于所述第四光学层的折射率，所述第二光学层与所述第四光学层为相同材料层。
  14. 根据权利要求8所述的挡风窗，其中，所述透明基板包括：
    堆叠设置的多个子透明基板；和
    中间层，设置在所述多个子透明基板中的每两个相邻的子透明基板之间，
    其中，所述透反膜位于所述多个子透明基板中的一个子透明基板与所述中间层之间，所述中间层为热塑性聚合物膜片。
  15. 根据权利要求14所述的挡风窗，其中，所述多个子透明基板为两个子透明基板，所述两个子透明基板包括：第一子透明基板和第二子透明基板，其中，
    所述第一子透明基板相比所述第二子透明基板更远离所述第一增透膜，所述第一子透明基板的厚度小于所述第二子透明基板的厚度，和/或，
    所述第一子透明基板、所述第二子透明基板和所述中间层中的至少一个为楔形。
  16. 根据权利要求8所述的挡风窗，其中，
    所述透反膜贴设或镀设在所述透明基板的表面上，所述第一保护膜贴设或镀设在所述第一增透膜的表面上；和/或
    所述透明基板的第一侧为所述透明基板的外侧，所述透明基板的第二侧为所述透明基板的内侧；和/或，
    所述的挡风窗还包括：
    第二增透膜，位于所述透明基板的远离所述第一增透膜的一侧；其中，所述透反膜位于所述透明基板的第二侧，且所述透反膜位于所述透明基板与所述第二增透膜之间。
  17. 根据权利要求8所述的挡风窗，还包括：
    第二增透膜，位于所述透明基板的远离所述第一增透膜的一侧；和
    第二保护膜，位于所述第二增透膜的远离所述透明基板的一侧。
  18. 根据权利要求17所述的挡风窗，其中，
    所述第一保护膜和所述第二保护膜分别为抗指纹膜或硬化膜；和/或，
    所述第一保护膜的厚度和所述第二保护膜的厚度均小于或等于50nm；和/或，
    所述第一保护膜的折射率的范围和所述第二保护膜的折射率的范围均为1.3至1.5。
  19. 根据权利要求8、9、11-18任一所述的挡风窗，其中，
    所述第一增透膜的折射率与所述第一保护膜的折射率的比值大于或等于0.8且小于或等于1.2。
  20. 一种显示装置，包括：
    像源，被配置为发射S偏振光；和
    如权利要求8-19任一所述的挡风窗，
    其中，所述挡风窗被配置为反射所述像源发射的S偏振光且透射环境光。
  21. 一种交通设备，包括：如权利要求20所述的显示装置。
PCT/CN2023/115754 2022-09-26 2023-08-30 S偏振光透反膜、挡风窗、显示装置和交通设备 WO2024066880A1 (zh)

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