WO2023098682A1 - 电动车辆及快换组件 - Google Patents

电动车辆及快换组件 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2023098682A1
WO2023098682A1 PCT/CN2022/135121 CN2022135121W WO2023098682A1 WO 2023098682 A1 WO2023098682 A1 WO 2023098682A1 CN 2022135121 W CN2022135121 W CN 2022135121W WO 2023098682 A1 WO2023098682 A1 WO 2023098682A1
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WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
lock
locking
unit
battery
vehicle beam
Prior art date
Application number
PCT/CN2022/135121
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
张建平
仇丹梁
刘猛
于新瑞
Original Assignee
奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
上海电巴新能源科技有限公司
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
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Publication date
Application filed by 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司, 上海电巴新能源科技有限公司 filed Critical 奥动新能源汽车科技有限公司
Priority to US18/574,040 priority Critical patent/US20240294091A1/en
Publication of WO2023098682A1 publication Critical patent/WO2023098682A1/zh

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    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M10/00Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M10/42Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
    • H01M10/46Accumulators structurally combined with charging apparatus
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/64Constructional details of batteries specially adapted for electric vehicles
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/66Arrangements of batteries
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60LPROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L53/00Methods of charging batteries, specially adapted for electric vehicles; Charging stations or on-board charging equipment therefor; Exchange of energy storage elements in electric vehicles
    • B60L53/80Exchanging energy storage elements, e.g. removable batteries
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/204Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
    • H01M50/207Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
    • H01M50/209Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for prismatic or rectangular cells
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/244Secondary casings; Racks; Suspension devices; Carrying devices; Holders characterised by their mounting method
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/249Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/262Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks
    • H01M50/264Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders with fastening means, e.g. locks for cells or batteries, e.g. straps, tie rods or peripheral frames
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/271Lids or covers for the racks or secondary casings
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/289Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by spacing elements or positioning means within frames, racks or packs
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0405Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion characterised by their position
    • B60K2001/0438Arrangement under the floor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60KARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
    • B60K1/00Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units
    • B60K1/04Arrangement or mounting of electrical propulsion units of the electric storage means for propulsion
    • B60K2001/0455Removal or replacement of the energy storages
    • B60K2001/0472Removal or replacement of the energy storages from below
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M2220/00Batteries for particular applications
    • H01M2220/20Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
    • HELECTRICITY
    • H01ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01MPROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M50/00Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
    • H01M50/20Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
    • H01M50/233Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
    • H01M50/242Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries against vibrations, collision impact or swelling
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02TCLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/7072Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electric vehicle, in particular to an electric vehicle with a quick-change battery unit and a quick-change assembly.
  • the battery swap station for commercial electric vehicles can be installed on a battery swap platform above the ground, or dig a pit on the ground to quickly swap the battery pack at the bottom of the commercial electric vehicle.
  • setting up a battery replacement platform above the ground requires high civil engineering costs to build a solid platform; if a pit is dug on the ground, heavy electric vehicles will drive Risk of subsidence after entry.
  • the battery pack In electric vehicles in the prior art, such as heavy trucks, the battery pack is placed above the vehicle girder, and the battery is transferred and replaced by the top sling when the battery is replaced. In this way, the center of the battery pack is higher than the vehicle girder, and there is safety
  • the site requirements are high, and the power exchange efficiency is low, especially for heavy-duty trucks, which weigh dozens of tons. It is difficult for the existing lifting equipment to meet the needs of raising the body.
  • the required floor area is larger, and when the vehicle passes through the area near the pit, it is easy to cause subsidence.
  • the technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects in the prior art that electric vehicles need to raise the vehicle body or dig pits on the ground when the chassis is replaced, which leads to difficulty in building a station, high cost, long cycle and potential safety hazards, and provides a An electric vehicle and a quick-change assembly.
  • An electric vehicle comprising a vehicle beam and a battery unit, the battery unit comprising a plurality of battery packs arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam;
  • a locking unit is provided on the vehicle beam, and a connecting unit is provided between two adjacent battery packs corresponding to the vehicle beam, and the connecting unit cooperates with the locking unit to lock the The battery unit is locked and connected with the vehicle beam.
  • the battery unit has multiple battery packs, which can supply power to heavy electric vehicles; and the multiple battery packs of the battery unit are arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam, so that the battery packs can be laid flat, reducing the The overall height of the battery unit is increased; and by setting the connection unit between the battery packs and connecting with the locking unit, the battery unit as a whole can be connected to the vehicle beam of the electric vehicle.
  • the battery unit can be replaced as a whole to meet the quick replacement requirements of heavy electric vehicles. It is also possible to make the connection between the battery unit and the vehicle beam be located in the space between the battery packs, thereby improving the stability of the connection.
  • the locking unit is set on the vehicle beam, the battery unit can be replaced at the bottom of the vehicle, and sufficient space is reserved for the replacement of the battery replacement equipment, avoiding raising the vehicle or digging holes on the ground for battery replacement Equipment enters and exits under the vehicle.
  • the locking unit includes a locking accommodating cavity for the connecting unit to enter to lock and fix the battery unit, and the locking accommodating cavity is located under the vehicle beam.
  • the locking accommodating cavity is located under the vehicle beam, and when the battery unit is locked in the locking accommodating cavity, the locking position of the battery unit is also located under the vehicle beam.
  • the battery replacement equipment only needs to move the battery unit down a short distance to avoid the vehicle beam and the locking unit, so as to enter and exit the bottom of the vehicle beam along the horizontal direction, and carry the battery in and out for the battery replacement equipment Sufficient space is reserved at the bottom of the vehicle beam to prevent components on the vehicle from interfering with the power exchange equipment at the bottom of the vehicle.
  • the locking unit includes a lock base, the lock base is provided with the lock accommodation cavity, and the lock base is connected to the vehicle beam.
  • locking is performed through the lock base, which facilitates structural modification of the lock base to adapt to the structure of the connecting unit, avoids modification of the structure of the body girder, and improves the stability and reliability of locking.
  • the locking unit includes a mounting seat, and the lock base is connected to the bottom of the vehicle beam through the mounting seat.
  • the lock base can be installed on the bottom of the vehicle beam through the mounting seat, so that the installation is flexible, and it can adapt to different vehicle beam structures and installation position requirements without affecting the connection structure with the connecting unit.
  • the lock base is connected to the vehicle beam through a quick-change bracket, and the quick-change bracket is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam.
  • the lock base can be integrally installed on the vehicle beam through the quick-change bracket, which facilitates the integration of multiple lock bases and electrical connectors and other quick-change mechanisms on the quick-change bracket to realize the overall installation of the quick-change mechanism It can simplify the installation steps and process and improve the installation efficiency.
  • connection unit includes a lock shaft and a shaft base, and the lock shaft is installed between two adjacent battery packs through the shaft base.
  • the lock shaft can be installed through the shaft base, and the locking unit can lock the lock shaft to connect the battery pack with the vehicle beam.
  • the shaft base includes two opposite side plates, both ends of the lock shaft are respectively connected to the side plates, and the lock shaft is hooked to the locking unit.
  • both ends of the lock shaft are connected to the side plate.
  • both ends of the lock shaft can bear force, which improves the bearing effect of the lock shaft on the battery unit, making The connection between the battery unit and the vehicle beam is stronger and more stable.
  • the lock base includes a locking groove, the locking groove penetrates along the thickness direction of the lock base, the locking accommodating cavity is located in the locking groove, and the locking groove Used to mount the lock shaft.
  • the lock accommodation cavity is located in the through lock groove, so as to accommodate the lock shaft supported by both ends, so that both ends of the lock shaft can bear force, and the support strength of the lock base to the lock shaft is improved.
  • the lock base includes an open slot, the open slot communicates with the locking slot, the open slot is a through slot, and the open slot is used for the lock shaft to enter the locking slot. slot and locked in the locking chamber.
  • the lock shaft can enter the locking groove from the opening groove and finally be locked in the locking chamber.
  • This locking step is simple and can improve the locking efficiency and success. Rate.
  • the distance between the two side plates is greater than the thickness of the lock base.
  • the battery unit further includes a top plate disposed between the two side plates, the top plate is provided with a first through hole for the lock base to pass through, so that the lock shaft reaches the inside the lock chamber of the lock base.
  • the connection strength of the two side plates is improved, the deformation or damage of the side plates is avoided, and the overall structural strength of the connection unit is improved; by setting the first through hole, the lock can be guided The base and the lock shaft are in alignment with each other.
  • the first through hole extends along the length direction of the vehicle beam, and the length of the first through hole is greater than the distance between the length of the lock base and the horizontal movement distance of the lock shaft in the lock groove. and.
  • the distance between the center of the lock shaft and the bottom wall of the first through hole is smaller than the distance between the center of the lock shaft and the bottom of the vehicle beam.
  • the locking unit further includes a lock tongue, and the lock tongue is rotatably connected to the lock base to open or close the opening slot.
  • the lock shaft can be restricted in the lock base by the lock tongue, so as to realize the stability of locking the lock shaft by the locking unit.
  • the locking unit includes at least two lock bases, and each of the lock bases is rotatably connected to the lock tongue, and the locking unit also includes a lock link, and the lock link is connected to Multiple lock tongues are rotatably connected.
  • multiple lock bolts can be unlocked through the lock link, which improves the unlocking efficiency, and also prevents unlocking failures due to inconsistent unlocking times caused by multiple lock tongues being unlocked separately.
  • the locking unit includes a reset member, one end of the reset member is connected to the lock link, and the other end is connected to the quick change bracket or the vehicle beam.
  • the locking link can be automatically reset by the reset lever, and automatic locking can be realized during the locking process.
  • the lock tongue has an unlocking portion extending to the outside of the lock base.
  • the lock tongue itself may have an unlocking portion, and an external device exerts force on the unlocking portion, so that a single lock tongue can be unlocked.
  • a single lock tongue can have the unlocking portion to unlock the lock tongue, so that the lock tongue with the unlocking portion and the lock base can be used as a secondary locking component of the locking unit, so that when there is a lock
  • the shaft can still be locked to avoid locking failure and improve the locking ability of the locking unit to the connecting unit.
  • the battery unit further includes an unlocking lever, which is arranged opposite to the unlocking part or the locking link, and is used to push the unlocking part or the locking link to rotate, so that the The locking tongue opens or closes the opening slot.
  • an unlocking lever which is arranged opposite to the unlocking part or the locking link, and is used to push the unlocking part or the locking link to rotate, so that the The locking tongue opens or closes the opening slot.
  • the unlocking lever can act on the unlocking part or the locking link to open or close the opening slot. Move out of the unit.
  • the quick-change bracket for connecting the lock base includes a bottom wall, and the bottom wall is provided with a second through hole for the unlocking lever to pass through, so as to act on the lock link or the unlock department.
  • the bottom wall of the quick-change bracket can improve the structural strength of the quick-change bracket on the one hand, and on the other hand, it can also be used as the basis for installing the lock base to improve the connection strength between the lock base and the quick-change bracket.
  • a second through hole is provided on the wall to facilitate the passage of the unlocking lever to perform the unlocking operation.
  • the length of the second through hole is greater than the horizontal movement distance of the locking shaft in the locking groove.
  • the horizontal movement of the locking shaft of the battery unit in the locking unit can be avoided from interfering with unlocking, so that the locking shaft moves in the locking groove to a position corresponding to the opening groove.
  • the plurality of lock shafts and the plurality of lock bases are arranged along the length direction of the vehicle beam.
  • the supporting point of the battery pack corresponds to the vehicle beam, and the support strength of the vehicle beam to the battery pack is improved.
  • connection unit is connected to the vehicle beam through a connection bracket, and the connection bracket is provided with a connection groove penetrating along the width direction of the vehicle beam for accommodating and locking the connection unit .
  • connection bracket can not only play the role of connecting the vehicle beam, but also directly lock and connect the battery unit.
  • the structure is simple and easy to manufacture. low cost.
  • the upper surface of the connection unit is not higher than the upper surface of the battery pack.
  • the upper surface of the connection unit is not higher than the upper surface of the battery pack, which can further reduce the overall height of the battery pack; at the same time, it can accommodate part of the height of the locking unit to further increase the height of the battery pack from the ground, which is convenient for the chassis
  • the battery replacement equipment enters and exits under the vehicle beam to disassemble and assemble the battery, so that more space can be reserved for the battery replacement equipment to enter under the vehicle beam for battery replacement.
  • the upper surface of the connecting unit may also be slightly higher than the upper surface of the battery pack, and the connection between the connecting unit and the locking unit may be wholly or partially located below the upper surface of the battery pack.
  • the locking unit includes a second locking accommodating cavity for the connecting unit to enter to lock and fix the battery unit, and the second locking accommodating cavity is located on the side wall of the vehicle beam side.
  • the second locking chamber can be located on one side of the vehicle beam.
  • the battery pack can be located on one side of the vehicle beam, thereby increasing the distance from the lower surface of the battery pack. The distance from the bottom surface leaves more space for the battery replacement equipment to enter under the vehicle for battery replacement operations.
  • the locking unit includes a second lock base, the second lock housing cavity is provided in the second lock base, and the second lock base is connected to the vehicle beam.
  • locking is carried out through the second lock base, which facilitates structural modification of the second lock base to adapt to the structure of the connecting unit, avoids modification of the structure of the body frame, and can improve the stability and reliability of locking sex.
  • the locking unit includes a second mounting seat, and the second lock base is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam through the second mounting seat.
  • the second lock base can be installed on the side wall of the car beam through the second mounting seat, so that the installation is flexible, and it can adapt to different car beam structures and Installation location requirements.
  • the second lock base is connected to the vehicle beam through a second quick-change bracket, and the second quick-change bracket is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam.
  • the second lock base can be integrally installed on the vehicle beam through the second quick-change bracket, so that multiple second lock bases and electrical connectors and other quick-change mechanisms can be integrated into the quick-change bracket to realize
  • the overall installation and disassembly of the quick change mechanism can simplify the installation steps and process and improve the installation efficiency.
  • connection unit includes a second lock shaft and a second shaft base, one end of the second lock shaft is connected to the side wall of the second shaft base, and The side wall of the vehicle extends toward the direction of the vehicle beam; the vehicle beam is provided with a second lock base, including a second locking groove, and the second locking groove is used to accommodate the second locking shaft.
  • a plurality of the second lock shafts and a plurality of the second lock bases are arranged along the length direction of the vehicle beam.
  • the supporting point of the battery pack corresponds to the vehicle beam, and the support strength of the vehicle beam to the battery pack is improved.
  • connection unit includes at least one of a threaded connector and a T-shaped hook
  • the threaded connector is used to screw the battery unit on the vehicle beam
  • the T-shaped hook is used to The battery unit is rotatably engaged on the vehicle beam.
  • the battery unit includes a first electrical connector and a battery cavity for accommodating a battery pack, the connecting unit is arranged between two adjacent battery cavities, and between two adjacent battery cavities A through hole is provided between them; the first electrical connector is arranged on the outer wall of any one of the battery chambers.
  • the battery pack is arranged in the battery cavity, and is connected by wires in the battery cavity to form an output end with a first electrical connector;
  • An electrical connector can realize the electrical connection.
  • the battery unit further includes a casing and a cover plate, and a plurality of partitions are arranged at intervals in the casing, and the battery chamber is formed between the partitions; the mouth of each battery chamber is All are equipped with the cover plate.
  • the vehicle further includes a second electrical connector, the second electrical connector is arranged in the width direction of the vehicle beam, and the second electrical connector is used for connecting with the first electrical connector so that the battery unit supplies power to the vehicle.
  • the quick-change bracket used to connect the locking unit includes a longitudinal bracket and a transverse bracket, the longitudinal bracket is connected to the vehicle beam, the transverse bracket is connected between the longitudinal brackets, the The second electrical connector is arranged on the transverse support.
  • the locking unit and the electrical connector can be installed on the vehicle beam as a whole at the same time, avoiding repeated debugging and alignment of each component separately installed , can also improve installation efficiency.
  • the transverse bracket is located under the vehicle beam, and the longitudinal bracket is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam.
  • the transverse support is located under the vehicle beam, which can avoid the vehicle beam and avoid interference;
  • the longitudinal support connects the side wall of the vehicle beam, which can increase the connection area and use the rigidity of the vehicle beam to improve the stability of the connection.
  • the transverse bracket covers at least a partial area of the end of the battery unit.
  • the battery unit includes a side battery pack, and the battery pack is arranged on the outside of the vehicle beam.
  • the battery unit further includes a middle battery pack, and the middle battery pack is arranged between the two side battery packs and located under the vehicle beam.
  • setting the middle battery pack can improve the power supply capacity, or in the case of providing the same power supply capacity, the thickness of the battery unit can be reduced by setting the middle battery pack.
  • the middle battery pack is placed under the vehicle beam to avoid interference with components between the two vehicle beams.
  • an escape opening is provided in the side battery pack for avoiding the drive shaft of the electric vehicle.
  • a quick change assembly the quick change assembly is applied in the above-mentioned electric vehicle
  • the quick change assembly includes a locking unit and a battery unit, the locking unit is used to be connected to the vehicle beam, the battery unit includes a plurality of battery packs, two adjacent ones corresponding to the vehicle beam A connection unit is provided between the battery packs, and the connection unit cooperates with the locking unit.
  • the positive progress effect of the present invention is that: the battery unit has multiple battery packs, which can supply power to heavy electric vehicles; and the multiple battery packs of the battery unit are arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam, so that the battery packs can be tiled
  • the overall height of the battery unit is reduced; and by setting the connecting unit between the battery packs and connecting it with the locking unit, the battery unit as a whole can be connected to the vehicle beam of the electric vehicle, which is suitable for replacing heavy electric vehicles.
  • the battery unit can be replaced as a whole to meet the fast-changing needs of heavy electric vehicles, reserve sufficient space for the battery replacement equipment, and avoid raising the body or touching the ground during the battery replacement process The case of pit digging.
  • Fig. 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention
  • Fig. 2 is a schematic structural view of the battery-changing equipment provided under the electric vehicle provided by the implementation of the present invention
  • Fig. 3 is a schematic structural diagram of a quick-change bracket installed on a vehicle beam provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the locking chamber is located below the vehicle beam;
  • Fig. 4 is a schematic structural view of the quick-change bracket in Fig. 3;
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of a three-dimensional structure of a locking unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • FIG. 6 is a schematic plan view of a locking unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 7 is a schematic front view of the quick-change bracket in Fig. 4;
  • Fig. 8 is a schematic structural diagram of another quick-change bracket provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in which the locking chamber is located below the vehicle beam;
  • Fig. 9 is a schematic structural diagram of another quick-change bracket provided by an embodiment of the present invention, in which the locking chamber is located on one side of the vehicle beam;
  • FIG. 10 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 11 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a battery unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the battery pack in the battery unit is removed;
  • Fig. 12 is a schematic structural diagram of a connection unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 13 is a schematic structural diagram of a battery unit provided by an embodiment of the present invention, wherein the unlocking lever is arranged in the battery unit;
  • Fig. 14 is a schematic structural diagram of the second lock shaft provided by the embodiment of the present invention, which can be used in conjunction with the quick-change bracket in Fig. 9;
  • Fig. 15 is a schematic structural diagram of another locking unit and connecting unit of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention, at this time, the locking unit and the connecting unit are locked together;
  • Fig. 16 is a schematic structural diagram of another connection unit of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 17 is a schematic structural diagram of another locking unit of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 18 is a schematic structural diagram of another connection unit of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention.
  • Fig. 19 is a schematic structural diagram of another locking unit and connection unit of an electric vehicle provided by an embodiment of the present invention, at this time, the locking mechanism and the lock connection structure are locked together.
  • an embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle 1.
  • the electric vehicle 1 includes a vehicle beam 10 and a battery unit 20, and the battery unit 20 includes a plurality of battery packs arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam 10;
  • a locking unit 30 is provided on the vehicle beam 10, and a connecting unit 40 is provided between two adjacent battery packs corresponding to the vehicle beam 10.
  • the connecting unit 40 cooperates with the locking unit 30 to connect the battery unit 20 to the vehicle beam. 10 locking connection.
  • the electric vehicle 1 has two vehicle beams 10 extending along the vehicle length direction and spaced apart along the vehicle width direction. same direction.
  • the battery unit 20 has a plurality of battery packs, and the electric energy provided by the plurality of battery packs can be used to power a heavy-weight electric vehicle 1 such as a truck.
  • a plurality of battery packs of the battery unit 20 are arranged side by side along the width direction of the vehicle beam 10 , so that the battery packs can be arranged in a flat manner, reducing the overall height of the battery unit 20 . As shown in FIG.
  • the locking unit 30 is provided on the vehicle beam 10, and the battery unit 20 can be replaced at the bottom of the vehicle, which facilitates the operation of the power exchange device 2 and can also reserve space for the power exchange of the power exchange device 2. Sufficient space avoids raising the vehicle or digging holes on the ground for the battery swap trolley to enter and exit the bottom of the vehicle.
  • the connection unit 40 between the battery packs and connecting it with the locking unit 30, the battery unit 20 as a whole can be connected to the vehicle beam 10 of the electric vehicle 1.
  • the battery unit 20 is replaced as a whole to meet the quick replacement requirements of the heavy electric vehicle 1 . It is also possible to make the connection between the battery unit 20 and the vehicle beam 10 be located in the space between the battery packs, thereby improving the stability of the connection.
  • the locking unit 30 includes a locking accommodating cavity 31 for the connection unit 40 to enter to lock and fix the battery unit 20 , and the locking accommodating cavity 31 is located under the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the locking accommodation chamber 31 is located under the vehicle beam 10 , and when the battery unit 20 is locked in the locking accommodation chamber 31 , the locked position of the battery unit 20 is also located under the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the power changing device 2 can drive the battery unit 20 to move to break away from the locking chamber 31; and the power changing device 2 only needs to move the battery unit 20 downward
  • a shorter distance can avoid the vehicle beam 10 and the locking unit 30, so as to enter and exit the bottom of the vehicle beam 10 along the horizontal direction, and reserve sufficient space for the battery unit 20 carrying the battery unit 20 of the power exchange device to enter and exit the bottom of the vehicle beam 10, so as to prevent the vehicle from getting on and off.
  • the parts interfere with the battery swapping equipment getting in and out of the bottom of the vehicle.
  • the battery unit 20 When the battery unit 20 is horizontally moved out of the electric vehicle 1, since the locking position is located under the vehicle beam 10, the battery unit 20 can be horizontally moved away from the bottom of the electric vehicle 1 after breaking away from the locking chamber 31; The moving distance of the electrical equipment 2 in the vertical direction improves the power exchange efficiency.
  • the locking accommodation chamber 31 can adopt various structural forms, for example, the locking accommodation chamber 31 can be arranged on the lock base 32, or the locking accommodation chamber 31 can be directly set on the bracket, some of which will be described below. Embodiments that can be implemented will be described in detail, but should not be limited to the following embodiments.
  • the locking unit 30 includes a lock base 32 , and a lock accommodation cavity 31 is provided inside the lock base 32 , and the lock base 32 is connected to the vehicle beam 10 superior.
  • the lock base 32 By arranging the lock base 32 to form the lock accommodating chamber 31, it is convenient to modify the structure of the lock base 32 to adapt to the structure of the connecting unit 40; The structure of the vehicle can be changed, and the existing electric vehicle 1 can also be refitted; in addition, the lock base 32 is connected to the vehicle beam 10, and the rigidity of the vehicle beam 10 can be used to bear the weight of the battery unit 20, so that the locking is more stable and reliable.
  • connection between the lock base 32 and the vehicle beam 10 can also be in various ways according to the actual situation. Some feasible implementations will be given below, but they should not be limited to the following implementations.
  • the locking unit 30 includes a mounting seat 70 , and the lock base 32 is connected to the bottom of the vehicle beam 10 through the mounting seat 70 .
  • a single lock base 32 or multiple lock bases 32 can be installed on the bottom of the vehicle beam 10 through one installation seat 70 , and multiple installation seats 70 can be provided on the same vehicle beam 10 . Therefore, the lock base 32 can be flexibly installed according to locking requirements on the premise of realizing the connection with the connection unit 40 .
  • the lock base 32 can be provided at the corresponding position of the vehicle beam 10 through the mounting seat 70 according to the structure of the connecting unit 40 , or the lock base 32 can be provided in combination with the structure of the vehicle beam 10 , such as avoiding necessary areas. Therefore, it can adapt to different vehicle beam 10 structures, and also can adapt to different connecting units 40 for flexible setting.
  • the mounting seat 70 can be connected to the bottom of the vehicle beam 10 , and sufficient space can be left for the mounting seat 70 to be installed. Or, in some implementation cases, the mounting seat 70 can also be connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 , such as an L-shaped bending member, and the lock base 32 is located below the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the lock base 32 is connected to the vehicle beam 10 through a quick change bracket 33 , and the quick change bracket 33 is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 .
  • all the lock bases 32 on one side of the vehicle beam 10 can be set on the quick-change bracket 33, so that by installing the quick-change bracket 33 on the vehicle beam 10, the lock base 32 on one side of the vehicle beam 10 can be locked.
  • Multiple lock bases 32 are installed to improve the bearing effect of the vehicle beam on the battery unit.
  • the quick-change brackets 33 can be arranged on both sides of the vehicle beam 10, so that by installing the quick-change brackets 33, all the lock bases 32 to be installed on the vehicle beams 10 on both sides can be installed on the vehicle beams 10 on both sides.
  • quick-change mechanisms such as electric connectors of the vehicle can also be integrated on the quick-change bracket 33 to realize the overall installation and disassembly of the quick-change mechanism, which can simplify installation steps and processes and improve installation efficiency.
  • the lock base 32 can be assembled on the quick-change bracket 33 first, and then the quick-change bracket 33 with the lock base 32 can be directly installed on the vehicle beam 10. On the one hand, it can The lock base 32 is installed according to the load-carrying needs, and on the other hand, large changes to the structure of the vehicle beam 10 are avoided.
  • the mounting seat 70 can be connected to the outer side wall of the vehicle beam 10, and can also be connected to the inner side wall of the vehicle beam 10;
  • the outer side wall can also be connected with the inner side wall of the vehicle beam 10 .
  • connection unit 40 may include a lock shaft 41 and a shaft base 42 , and the lock shaft 41 is installed between two adjacent battery packs through the shaft base 42 .
  • the lock shaft 41 can be locked in the lock accommodation cavity 31 so that the battery unit 20 can be connected to the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the lock shaft 41 can be installed on the battery unit 20 and located between two adjacent battery packs.
  • the force can be transmitted to the frame of the battery unit 20 through the lock base 32, so that The structural strength of the battery unit 20 is used to improve the stability of the connection.
  • the shaft base 42 includes two opposite side plates 421, the two ends of the lock shaft 41 are respectively connected to the side plates 421, and the lock shaft 41 is vertically Hooked on the locking unit 30.
  • both ends of the lock shaft 41 are connected to the side plate 421, so that the installation of the lock shaft 41 is more firm; when the lock shaft 41 is articulated with the locking unit 30, the lock Both ends of the shaft 41 can bear force, which improves the bearing effect of the lock shaft 41 on the battery unit 20 , making the connection between the battery unit 20 and the vehicle beam 10 more firm and stable.
  • the lock base 32 includes a locking groove 321. As shown in FIG. 5, the locking groove 321 penetrates along the thickness direction T of the lock base 32. 321 , the locking groove 321 can be used to hang the lock shaft 41 along the vertical direction.
  • the force exerted by the locking groove 321 on the locking shaft 41 can be distributed to the side plates 421 on both sides, thereby increasing the battery unit 20's bearing capacity.
  • the force point reduces the force of a single force point of the battery unit 20 and improves the support strength of the lock base 32 to the lock shaft 41 .
  • the lock base 32 includes an open slot 322, the open slot 322 communicates with the locking slot 321, the open slot 322 is a through slot, and the open slot 322 is used for The supply lock shaft 41 enters the locking groove 321 and is locked in the locking chamber 31 .
  • the lock shaft 41 can enter the locking groove 321 from the opening groove 322 and finally be locked in the locking chamber 31, specifically, as shown in Fig. 6 and As shown in FIG. 7 , the opening slot 322 extends along the vertical direction, and the locking slot 321 extends along the horizontal direction.
  • the battery unit 20 has a lifting effect on the power exchange device 2
  • the lock shaft 41 of the battery unit 20 can move upwards along the vertical direction and move through the opening slot 322 to the junction of the locking slot 321 and the opening slot 322 , and then under the action of the power exchange device 2, the lock shaft 41 moves along the Moving horizontally into the locking chamber 31 of the locking groove 321 , correspondingly, the unlocking of the battery unit 20 may have a reverse step to the locking step.
  • the locking and unlocking steps are simple, and can improve the efficiency and success rate of locking or unlocking.
  • the distance between the two side plates 421 is greater than the thickness of the lock base 32 .
  • the battery unit 20 further includes a top plate 422 disposed between two side plates 421, and the top plate 422 is provided with a first through hole 423 for locking The base 32 passes through, so that the lock shaft 41 reaches the lock receiving chamber 31 of the lock base 32 .
  • the side plate 421 can have an opening on one side, and the opening has a bent frame structure; the openings of the side plates 421 on both sides are set to the back.
  • the side plate 421 is also provided with shaft uprights 424 arranged along the vertical direction, and the two ends of the lock shaft 41 are respectively installed on the shaft uprights 424 on both sides, and the shaft uprights 424 can further improve the bearing effect.
  • Both ends of the top plate 422 can be bent downward and cover the side plates 421 on both sides, thereby improving the structural strength of the two side plates 421, avoiding deformation or damage of the side plates 421, and improving the overall structural strength of the connecting unit 40.
  • a first through hole 423 is formed on the upper surface of the top plate 422 , and the first through hole 423 can guide the lock base 32 to enter and cooperate with the lock shaft 41 .
  • the first through hole 423 extends along the length direction of the vehicle beam 10 , and the length of the first through hole 423 is greater than the length of the lock base 32 and the length of the lock shaft 41 in the locking groove.
  • the horizontal movement distance of the lock shaft 41 in the lock groove 321 refers to the distance that the lock shaft 41 moves from the junction of the opening groove 322 and the lock groove 321 to the locked position in the lock chamber 31.
  • the distance between the center of the lock shaft 41 and the bottom wall of the first through hole 423 is smaller than the distance between the center of the lock shaft 41 and the bottom of the vehicle beam. distance.
  • the length of the first through hole 423 , the center of the lock shaft 41 and the bottom wall 3312 of the first through hole 423 can have other length relationships, so as to avoid interference with the movement of the lock shaft 41 in the lock base 32 .
  • the locking unit 30 further includes a lock tongue 34 , which is rotatably connected to the lock base 32 to open or close the opening slot 322 . Therefore, the lock shaft 41 can be restricted in the lock base 32 by the lock tongue 34 , so that the locking unit 30 can stabilize the lock shaft 41 .
  • the lock tongue 34 has a protrusion 341 capable of blocking the communication between the opening groove 322 and the locking groove 321.
  • the protrusion 341 blocks the opening groove 322 and the locking groove 321 At this time, the space between the protrusion 341 and the locking groove 321 forms the locking receiving cavity 31 .
  • the protrusion 341 can rotate accordingly so that the opening slot 322 communicates with the locking slot 321 .
  • the locking unit 30 includes at least two lock bases 32, and each lock base 32 is rotatably connected with a lock tongue 34, and the locking unit 30 also A locking link 35 is included, and the locking link 35 is rotatably connected to a plurality of lock tongues 34 .
  • Multiple lock tongues 34 can be unlocked through the lock link 35, which improves the unlocking efficiency, and also prevents the multiple lock tongues 34 from being unlocked separately, resulting in inconsistent unlocking times and resulting in unlocking failure.
  • the locking unit 30 includes a reset member 36 , one end of the reset member 36 is connected to the lock link 35 , and the other end is connected to the quick change bracket 33 or the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the reset member 36 can exert a force on the lock link 35, accelerate the reset movement of the lock link 35 and drive the lock tongue connected to the lock link 35. 34 rotates to close the opening slot 322, so that automatic locking can be realized during the locking process.
  • the return member 36 can be a spring, which can apply elastic force to the lock link 35 to accelerate the reset of the lock link 35, that is, to return to the position where the protrusion 341 blocks the opening groove 322 and locks the lock link 35. The position where the groove 321 communicates.
  • the lock tongue 34 has an unlocking portion 37 extending to the outside of the lock base 32 .
  • the tongue 34 can be unlocked by directly applying force to the unlocking portion 37 .
  • the locking unit 30 may have any one of them, or both.
  • the locking unit 30 includes both the lock tongue 34 with the lock link 35 and the lock tongue 34 with the unlocking portion 37, the two can constitute a primary locking mechanism and a secondary locking mechanism; specifically, through the lock A plurality of deadbolts 34 connected by the connecting rod 35 can be used as a primary locking mechanism to perform primary locking on the battery unit 20; a single deadbolt 34 with an unlocking portion 37 can be used as a secondary locking mechanism, thereby When the primary locking mechanism fails, the locking shaft 41 can still be locked to avoid locking failure and improve the locking reliability of the locking unit 30 to the connecting unit 40 .
  • the battery unit 20 also includes an unlocking lever 43, which is arranged opposite to the unlocking part 37 or the lock link 35, and is used to push the unlocking part 37 or the lock
  • the connecting rod 35 rotates so that the dead bolt 34 opens the opening groove 322.
  • the unlocking lever 43 is not in effect, the locking connecting rod 35 or the dead bolt 34 resets to the initial state, that is, the dead bolt 34 closes the opening groove 322.
  • the unlocking lever 43 may be located in the connecting unit 40 at a position opposite to the unlocking portion 37 or the locking link 35 .
  • the unlocking part 37 or the locking link 35 can be operated by the unlocking lever 43 to open or close the opening slot 322 , the locking unit 30 can lock the connecting unit 40 , and the connecting unit 40 can also be moved out of the locking unit 30 .
  • the quick-change bracket 33 for connecting the lock base 32 includes a bottom wall 3312, and the bottom wall 3312 is provided with a second through hole 3314 for the unlocking lever 43 to pass through.
  • the bottom wall 3312 of the quick-change bracket 33 can improve the structural strength of the quick-change bracket 33 itself on the one hand, and can also be used as the basis for installing the lock base 32 on the other hand to improve the connection strength between the lock base 32 and the quick-change bracket 33.
  • the bottom wall 3312 is provided with a second through hole 3314 for the unlocking rod 43 to pass through to perform the unlocking operation.
  • the quick change bracket 33 may include two longitudinal brackets 331, and the two longitudinal brackets 331 are respectively connected to the two sides of the vehicle beam 10, specifically, the longitudinal bracket 331 may include side Wall 3311, bottom wall 3312 and top wall 3313, bottom wall 3312 and top wall 3313 are respectively connected to the upper and lower ends of side wall 3311, side wall 3311 can be connected with the side wall of vehicle beam 10, and lock base 32 can be connected to the bottom on the wall 3312. Furthermore, the opening slot 322 and the locking slot 321 of the lock base 32 are located below the bottom wall 3312 , and the locking link 35 and the unlocking portion 37 are both located above the bottom wall 3312 .
  • the second through hole 3314 can be opened at the corresponding position between the bottom wall 3312 of the quick change bracket 33 and the locking link 35 or the unlocking part 37, so that the unlocking lever 43 can pass through the second through hole 3314 and act on the locking link.
  • the rod 35 or the unlocking part 37 is used to push the locking rod 35 or the unlocking part 37 to rotate, so that the opening groove 322 communicates with the locking groove 321 , and the lock shaft 41 can move out of the lock base 32 .
  • a support column 3315 may be provided between the bottom wall 3312 and the top wall 3313 , so as to improve the structural strength of the longitudinal support 331 .
  • the upper end and the lower end of the support column 3315 can be attached to the top wall 3313 and the bottom wall 3312 respectively, and the support column 3315 can be connected to the side wall 3311 .
  • the distance between the top wall 3313 and the bottom wall 3312 is greater than the vertical distance during the rotation process of the locking link 35 or the unlocking portion 37 , so as to avoid interference with the rotation of the locking link 35 or the unlocking portion 37 .
  • the structure of the installation base 70 can be set so that after the lock base 32 is installed on the vehicle beam 10, the lock connecting rod 35 or A space for the unlocking part 37 to rotate.
  • a hole-like structure similar to the second through hole 3314 can also be provided on the vehicle beam 10, so that the locking link 35 or the unlocking part 37 can rotate and unlock.
  • the length of the second through hole 3314 is greater than the horizontal movement distance of the locking shaft 41 in the locking groove 321 . Therefore, the horizontal movement of the locking shaft 41 of the battery unit in the locking unit 30 during unlocking can be avoided, so that the locking shaft 41 can move to a position corresponding to the opening slot 322 in the locking slot 321 .
  • the locking unit 30 can also include a support base 38
  • the connecting unit 40 can include a support shaft
  • the support base 38 has a similar structure to the lock base 32
  • the support shaft It may have a similar structure to the lock shaft 41 .
  • the support base 38 is not equipped with a lock tongue 34. Under the action of the power exchange device 2, the support shaft can enter the support base 38 and be supported by the support base 38, increasing the locking
  • the connection point between the unit 30 and the connection unit 40 reduces the stress on a single connection point.
  • a plurality of lock shafts 41 and a plurality of lock bases 32 are arranged along the length direction of the vehicle beam 10 . Therefore, the supporting point of the battery pack corresponds to the vehicle beam 10, and the support strength of the vehicle beam 10 to the battery pack is improved.
  • the connecting bracket 50 is provided with a connecting groove penetrating along the width direction of the vehicle beam 10 for accommodating and locking the connecting unit 40 . Therefore, a through connection groove can be directly provided on the connection bracket 50 to accommodate the lock shaft 41, that is, the connection bracket 50 can play the role of connecting the vehicle beam 10, and at the same time can directly lock and connect the battery unit 20.
  • the structure is simple , low manufacturing cost.
  • the upper surface of the connection unit 40 is not higher than the upper surface of the battery pack.
  • connection unit 40 is not higher than the upper surface of the battery pack, which can further reduce the overall height of the battery pack; at the same time, it can accommodate part of the height of the locking unit 30, so that the height of the battery pack from the ground can be further increased , it is convenient for the chassis power exchange equipment 2 to enter and exit under the vehicle beam 10 to disassemble and assemble the battery, so that more space can be reserved for the power exchange equipment 2 to enter under the vehicle beam 10 for power exchange.
  • the upper surface of the connecting unit 40 may also be slightly higher than the upper surface of the battery pack, and the connection between the connecting unit 40 and the locking unit 30 may be wholly or partially located below the upper surface of the battery pack.
  • the locking accommodation chamber 31 is located below the vehicle beam 10 , and the locking accommodation chamber 31 may be in the form of a through-slot structure. In other embodiments, the locking chamber 31 may also be located on one side of the side wall of the vehicle beam 10. In order to distinguish it from the above-mentioned locking chamber 31, the following will refer to the accompanying drawings 9 and 14, and use the second locking The accommodating cavity 60 is further described.
  • the locking unit 30 includes a second locking accommodation chamber 60 for the connection unit 40 to enter to lock and fix the battery unit 20 .
  • the second locking accommodation chamber 60 Located on one side of the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the second locking chamber 60 may be located on one side of the vehicle beam 10
  • the connecting unit 40 is located between two adjacent battery packs
  • the upper surface of the connecting unit 40 may be lower than the battery unit.
  • the second lock accommodation chamber 60 can adopt various structural forms.
  • the second lock accommodation chamber 60 can be set on the second lock base 61, or the second lock accommodation chamber can be directly set on the bracket.
  • the cavity 60 some possible implementations thereof will be specifically described below, but should not be limited to the following implementations.
  • the locking unit 30 includes a second lock base 61, and a second lock accommodation chamber 60 is arranged inside the second lock base 61.
  • the second lock base 61 Connected to the vehicle beam 10. Locking by the second lock base 61 facilitates structural modification of the second lock base 61 to adapt to the structure of the connecting unit 40 , avoids modification of the structure of the vehicle body frame, and improves the stability and reliability of locking.
  • the second lock base 61 is connected to the vehicle beam 10, which can utilize the rigidity of the vehicle beam 10 to bear the weight of the battery unit 20, making the locking more stable and reliable.
  • the locking unit 30 includes a second mounting seat 70 , and the second lock base 61 is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 through the second mounting seat 70 .
  • a single second lock base 61 or multiple second lock bases 61 can be installed on one side of the vehicle beam 10 through a second mounting base 70, and on the same vehicle beam 10, a A plurality of second mounts 70 . Therefore, the second lock base 61 can be flexibly installed according to locking requirements on the premise of realizing the connection with the connection unit 40 .
  • the lock base 32 can be set at the corresponding position of the vehicle beam 10 through the second mounting seat 70, and the second lock base 61 can also be set in combination with the structure of the vehicle beam 10, such as avoiding the necessary area. . Therefore, different structures of the vehicle beam 10 and different connecting units 40 can be flexibly arranged.
  • the second lock base 61 is connected to the vehicle beam 10 through the second quick-change bracket 62 , and the second quick-change bracket 62 is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the second lock base 61 on one side of the vehicle beam 10 can be arranged on the second quick-change bracket 62, so that by installing the second quick-change bracket 62 on the vehicle beam 10, a All the second lock bases 61 to be installed thereon are installed on the side rail 10 .
  • the second quick-change bracket 62 can be formed on both sides of the vehicle beam 10, so that by installing the second quick-change bracket 62, all the second lock bases 61 to be installed on the vehicle beam 10 on both sides can be installed on the two sides.
  • quick-change mechanisms such as electrical connectors of the vehicle can also be integrated on the quick-change bracket 33 to realize the overall installation and disassembly of the quick-change mechanism, which can simplify the installation steps and processes and improve installation efficiency.
  • the second lock base 61 can be assembled on the second quick-change bracket 62 first, and then the second lock base 61 with the second lock base 61 can be directly installed on the vehicle beam 10.
  • the quick change bracket 62 can save the refitting time of the electric vehicle 1 .
  • the second mounting seat 70 can be connected with the outer side wall of the vehicle beam 10, or can be connected with the inner side wall of the vehicle beam 10; the second quick change bracket 62 can be connected with the The outer sidewall of the vehicle beam 10 is connected, and may also be connected with the inner sidewall of the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the connection unit 40 includes a second lock shaft 63 and a second shaft base 64 , and one end of the second lock shaft 63 is connected to the side wall of the second shaft base 64 , and extend from the side wall of the second shaft base 64 toward the direction of the vehicle beam 10; the vehicle beam 10 is provided with a second lock base 61, including a second locking groove 321, the second locking groove 321 is used for The second lock shaft 63 is accommodated.
  • the second lock base 61 and the second lock shaft 63 may have similar or identical structures to the above-mentioned lock base 32 and the lock shaft 41, and may also form the above-mentioned primary locking mechanism and secondary lock Stop mechanism, also can have above-mentioned support base 38 and support shaft structure.
  • multiple second lock shafts 63 and multiple second lock bases 61 are arranged along the length direction of the vehicle beam 10 . Therefore, the supporting point of the battery pack corresponds to the vehicle beam 10, and the support strength of the vehicle beam 10 to the battery pack is improved.
  • connection unit 40 can also be connected to the vehicle beam 10 in other ways.
  • the connecting unit 40 includes at least one of a threaded connector and a T-shaped hook, the threaded connector is used to screw the battery unit 20 on the vehicle beam 10, and the T-shaped hook is used for The battery unit 20 is rotated and engaged on the vehicle beam 10 .
  • the locking unit 30 includes a locking seat 801, the locking seat 801 has a first opening 802 extending in the vertical direction, the first opening 802 A first threaded portion 804 is provided inside, and the first threaded portion 804 is an internal thread.
  • the connecting unit 40 includes a mounting shell 907 and a locking member 906.
  • a second opening 905 extending vertically in the mounting shell 907 locks
  • the stopper 906 is vertically arranged in the second opening 905, the locker 906 can move in the vertical direction relative to the installation shell 907, and the locker 906 is provided with a second thread matched with the first threaded part 804 part 904 , the second threaded part 904 can engage with the first threaded part 804 , so as to realize the locking and unlocking of the locking unit 30 and the connecting unit 40 .
  • the locking unit 30 in the rotation engagement mode, as shown in Fig. 17, Fig. 18 and Fig. 19, the locking unit 30 includes a locking seat 801, and the locking seat 801 has a first opening extending in the vertical direction. Hole 802, the locking seat 801 is provided with a hooking part 803, the locking seat 801 has a hooking cavity, the first opening 802 communicates with the hooking cavity, and the hooking seat 803 is located at the bottom of the hooking cavity, in this embodiment, the first An opening 802 is a square hole, and the hooking portion 803 is located on both sides of the first opening 802.
  • the connecting unit 40 includes a locking member 906, and the upper end of the locking member 906 is provided with a hooking rod 903 extending in the horizontal direction. , the hooking rod 903 is a columnar body and is horizontally arranged on the top of the locking member 906, and the hooking rod 903 and the locking member 906 together form a T-shaped structure.
  • the hooking rod 903 When the hooking rod 903 is in the first position, the hooking rod 903 can pass through the first opening 802 and enter the hooking cavity of the locking seat 801, when the hooking rod 903 in the hooking cavity is rotated to the second position The hooking rod 903 can be hooked on the limiting portion 803 , so that the locking unit 30 and the connecting unit 40 are locked and fixed relative to each other.
  • the battery unit 20 includes a first electrical connector 21 and a battery chamber 22 for accommodating a battery pack, and a connecting unit 40 is arranged between two adjacent battery chambers 22 As shown in FIG. 13 , a through hole 221 is provided between two adjacent battery chambers 22 ; the first electrical connector 21 is provided on the outer wall of any battery chamber 22 .
  • the battery unit 20 may include a plurality of battery packs, each battery pack may be arranged in a corresponding battery cavity 22, and the battery cavities 22 may communicate at some positions, thereby facilitating A plurality of battery packs are connected together to form an output end with a first electrical connector 21 ; when the battery unit 20 is replaced, the electrical connection can be realized by plugging and aligning a first electrical connector 21 .
  • the wiring connection between the battery packs is performed inside the battery unit 20 , so that the external structure of the battery unit 20 is flat and uniform.
  • the battery unit 20 also includes a casing 23 and a cover plate 24, and a plurality of partitions 25 are arranged at intervals in the casing 23, and a plurality of partitions 25 are formed between the partitions 25.
  • a plurality of battery packs can be formed into a battery unit 20 as a whole; in addition, the cover plate 24 is covered at the corresponding position of the housing 23, and the connection unit can be avoided. 40 positions. As shown in FIG. 11, there are two separators 25 between two adjacent battery packs, and the connection unit 40 of any of the above-mentioned embodiments is arranged between the two separators 25.
  • the vehicle also includes a second electrical connector 26, the second electrical connector 26 is arranged in the width direction of the vehicle beam 10, the second electrical connector 26 Used to connect with the first electrical connector 21 so that the battery unit 20 supplies power to the vehicle.
  • the second electrical connector 26 is also connected to the corresponding circuit on the electric vehicle 1, so that in actual implementation, connecting the first electrical connector 21 to the second electrical connector 26 can make the battery unit 20 and the vehicle beam 10 Make an electrical connection.
  • the quick-change bracket 33 used to connect the locking unit 30 includes a longitudinal bracket 331 and a transverse bracket 332, the longitudinal bracket 331 is connected to the vehicle beam 10, and the transverse bracket 332 The brackets 332 are connected between the longitudinal brackets 331 , and the second electrical connector 26 is disposed on the horizontal brackets 332 .
  • the longitudinal support 331 and the transverse support 332 can be connected by a connecting column 333 , and the ends of the longitudinal support 331 and the transverse support 332 are respectively connected to different sides of the connecting column 333 .
  • the transverse bracket 332 can be used to install the second electrical connector 26.
  • the locking unit 30 and the electrical connector can be integrally installed on the vehicle beam 10 at the same time, so as to avoid the separate components of each component. Installation and repeated debugging and alignment can also improve installation efficiency; on the other hand, the connection strength between the two longitudinal brackets 331 can be strengthened, so that the overall structural strength of the quick-change bracket 33 can be improved.
  • horizontal brackets 332 can be provided at both ends of the longitudinal bracket 331, and the second electrical connector 26 can be arranged on one of the horizontal brackets 332, thereby forming a rectangular frame structure and further improving the quick change bracket 33 as a whole. structural strength.
  • the transverse bracket 332 is located under the vehicle beam 10 , and the longitudinal bracket 331 is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 . Therefore, the vehicle beam 10 can be avoided to avoid interference; the longitudinal bracket 331 is connected to the side wall of the vehicle beam 10 , which can increase the connection area and utilize the rigidity of the vehicle beam 10 to improve the stability of the connection.
  • the longitudinal support 331 and the transverse support 332 are connected to the connecting column 333 at different heights.
  • the transverse support 332 covers at least a part of the end of the battery unit 20 . Therefore, it is possible to provide support for the connection between the electrical connectors during docking.
  • baffles 334 can also be provided on both sides of the quick-change bracket 33 , and the baffles 334 are connected to the side of the connecting column 333 , which is preferably the side opposite to the side connected to the longitudinal bracket 331 .
  • the battery unit 20 includes a side battery pack 27 , and the battery pack is arranged on the outside of the vehicle beam 10 . Therefore, interference with the internal structure of the vehicle beam 10 can be avoided.
  • the battery unit 20 also includes a middle battery pack 28, which is arranged between the two side battery packs 27 and located under the vehicle beam 10. .
  • setting the middle battery pack 28 can improve the power supply capacity, or in the case of providing the same power supply capacity, the thickness of the battery unit 20 can be reduced by setting the middle battery pack 28 .
  • the middle battery pack 28 is disposed under the vehicle beams 10 to avoid interference with components between the two vehicle beams 10 . It is also convenient to lead out the second electrical connector 26 and connect with the first electrical connector 21 .
  • an escape port is provided in the middle battery pack 28 for avoiding the drive shaft of the electric vehicle 1 .
  • the embodiment of the present invention also provides a quick change assembly, which is applied to the electric vehicle 1 as described above;
  • the quick change assembly includes a locking unit 30 and a battery unit 20.
  • the locking unit 30 is used to connect with the vehicle beam 10.
  • the battery unit 20 includes a plurality of battery packs.
  • the connecting unit 40 , the connecting unit 40 is matched with the locking unit 30 .
  • the locking unit 30 in the quick change assembly can be the locking unit 30 in any of the above embodiments, and the battery unit 20 can also be the battery unit 20 in any of the above embodiments.
  • the existing electric vehicle 1 can be refitted, so that the original fixed direct-charge battery becomes a detachable battery unit 20, so that the battery unit 20 on the electric vehicle 1 can be quickly replaced, and the battery unit 20 can also be quickly replaced. Install the fully charged battery unit 20 on the electric vehicle 1 .
  • the empty battery exchange equipment 2 can directly enter the space below the battery unit without contact with the electric vehicle. Interference occurs at the bottom of the vehicle; when the battery unit is installed by the power exchange equipment 2, the power exchange equipment 2 carrying the battery unit can also directly enter the bottom of the vehicle beam for power exchange without interfering with the bottom of the electric vehicle.

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Abstract

一种电动车辆(1),包括车梁(10)和电池单元(20),电池单元(20)包括沿着车梁(10)的宽度方向并列设置的多个电池包;车梁(10)上设有锁止单元(30),与车梁(10)对应的相邻两个电池包之间设有连接单元(40),连接单元(40)与锁止单元(30)相配合,以将电池单元(20)与车梁(10)锁止连接。由于电池单元(20)具有多个电池包,能够对大重量的电动车辆(1)进行供电;而在对大重量的电动车辆(1)进行换电时,能够对电池单元(20)整体进行更换,以适应大重量的电动车辆(1)的快换需求;同时,电池单元(20)与车梁(10)的连接处位于电池包之间的空间内,提升连接的稳定性;另外,在车梁(10)上设置锁止单元(30),能够在车辆(1)的底部对电池单元(20)进行更换,为换电设备的换电预留出充分的空间。

Description

电动车辆及快换组件
本申请要求申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN202111606763.7的优先权、申请日为2021年12月26日的中国专利申请CN202111606781.5的优先权、申请日为2021年11月30日的中国专利申请CN202111444383.8的优先权、以及申请为2021年12月31日的中国专利申请CN202111673713.0的优先权。本申请引用上述中国专利申请的全文。
技术领域
本发明涉及一种电动车辆,尤其涉及一种具有快换电池单元的电动车辆及快换组件。
背景技术
对于大重量的电动车辆,比如货运卡车,需要配置更多的电池包以对电动车辆进行供电。现有技术中对商用电动车辆进行电池包的快换,通常通过快换电池包和设置于车辆上的快换支架进行快换操作,但现有的商用电动车辆通常只有一个电池包便可满足供电需求。
另外,商用电动车辆通常用于载客,其本身的重量小于货运卡车。因此,商用电动车的换电站可以设置于高于地面的换电平台,或是在地面挖坑对商用电动车辆底部的电池包进行快换。但,对于大重量的电动车辆进行电池包的快换,设置高于地面的换电平台,需要较高的土建成本以建造结构坚固的平台;若在地面挖坑则会有大重量电动车辆驶入后塌陷的风险。
现有技术中的电动车辆,如重型卡车,电池包放置于车梁上方,换电时通过顶部吊具进行电池转运和更换,该种方式中,电池包的中心相对车梁较高,存在安全隐患,而对于电池包安装于车辆底部的方式,一般需要抬高电动车辆或在地面挖坑以供换电设备进出车辆底部以拆装电池包,导致建站成本较高、难度较大,对建站场地要求较高,且换电效率低,尤其对于重型卡车,其自身重要就有几十吨,现有的举升设备很难满足抬高车身的需求,且对于在地面进行挖坑处理时,所需占地面积更大,且车辆经过凹坑附近的区域时,容易导致塌陷。
发明内容
本发明要解决的技术问题是为了克服现有技术中的电动车辆进行底盘换电时需要抬高车身或在地面挖坑导致建站难度大、成本高、周期长且存在安全隐患的缺陷,提供一种电动车辆及快换组件。
本发明是通过下述技术方案来解决上述技术问题:
一种电动车辆,所述电动车辆包括车梁和电池单元,所述电池单元包括沿着所述车梁的宽度方向并列设置的多个电池包;
所述车梁上设有锁止单元,与所述车梁对应的相邻两个所述电池包之间设有连接单元,所述连接单元与所述锁止单元相配合,以将所述电池单元与所述车梁锁止连接。
在本方案中,电池单元具有多个电池包,能够对大重量的电动车辆进行供电;并且电池单元的多个电池包沿着车梁的宽度方向并列设置,使得电池包能够平铺设置,降低了电池单元的整体高度;而通过在电池包之间设置连接单元,并与锁止单元连接,能够将电池单元整体与电动车辆的车梁连接,在对大重量的电动车辆进行换电时,能够对电池单元整体进行更换,以适应大重量的电动车辆的快换需求。也能够使得电池单元与车梁的连接处位于电池包之间空间内,提升连接的稳定性。另外,在车梁上设置锁止单元,能够在车辆的底部对电池单元进行更换,为换电设备的换电预留出充分的空间,避免了抬高车辆或在地面上挖坑以便换电设备进出车辆底部。
较佳地,所述锁止单元包括锁止容纳腔,用于供所述连接单元进入以锁止固定所述电池单元,所述锁止容纳腔位于所述车梁下方。
在本方案中,锁止容纳腔位于车梁的下方,当电池单元锁止于锁止容纳腔内时,电池单元的锁止位置也位于车梁的下方。在对电池单元进行更换或者安装时,换电设备仅需将电池单元向下移动较短的距离即可避让车梁及锁止单元,以沿水平方向进出车梁的底部,为换电设备承载电池进出车梁底部预留充分的空间,避免车辆上的部件干涉换电设备进出车辆的底部换电设备。
较佳地,所述锁止单元包括锁基座,所述锁基座内设有所述锁止容纳腔,所述锁基座连接于所述车梁上。
在本方案中,通过锁基座进行锁止,便于对锁基座进行结构改动以适应连接单元的结构,避免对车身大梁的结构进行改动,能够提升锁止的稳定性和可靠性。
较佳地,所述锁止单元包括安装座,所述锁基座通过所述安装座连接于所述车梁的底部。
在本方案中,可以通过安装座将锁基座安装于车梁的底部,使得安装灵活,在不影响与连接单元连接结构的前提下,能够适应不同的车梁的结构以及安装位置需求。
较佳地,所述锁基座通过快换支架连接于所述车梁上,所述快换支架连接于所述车梁的侧壁。
在本方案中,可以通过快换支架将锁基座整体安装于车梁上,便于将多个锁基座以及电连接器等快换机构集成到快换支架上,实现快换机构的整体安装与拆卸,能够简化安装步骤和流程,提升安装效率。
较佳地,所述连接单元包括锁轴和轴基座,所述锁轴通过所述轴基座安装于相邻两个所述电池包之间。
在本方案中,通过轴基座能够实现锁轴的安装,锁止单元能够对锁轴进行锁止从而将电池包与车梁相连。
较佳地,所述轴基座包括两个相对设置的侧板,所述锁轴的两端分别连接于所述侧板上,所述锁轴挂接于所述锁止单元上。
在本方案中,锁轴的两端均连接于侧板上,当锁轴挂接与锁止单元上后,锁轴的两端均能够受力, 提高锁轴对电池单元的承载效果,使得电池单元与车梁的连接更为牢固和稳定。
较佳地,所述锁基座包括锁止槽,所述锁止槽沿着所述锁基座的厚度方向贯通,所述锁止容纳腔位于所述锁止槽内,所述锁止槽用于挂接所述锁轴。
在本方案中,锁止容纳腔位于贯通的锁止槽中,从而能够容纳两端支撑的锁轴,使得锁轴的两端均能受力,提高了锁基座对锁轴的支撑强度。
较佳地,所述锁基座包括开口槽,所述开口槽与所述锁止槽相连通,所述开口槽为贯通槽,所述开口槽用于供所述锁轴进入所述锁止槽并锁止于所述锁止容纳腔内。
在本方案中,通过开口槽和与其连通的锁止槽,锁轴能够自开口槽进入锁止槽并最终锁止于锁止容纳腔内,该锁止步骤简单,能够提升锁止效率和成功率。
较佳地,两个所述侧板之间的间距大于所述锁基座的厚度。
在本方案中,通过上述结构,在锁止单元对锁轴进行锁止时,锁轴进入锁基座内的锁止槽内的过程中,能够避免侧板干涉锁基座。
较佳地,所述电池单元还包括设于两个所述侧板之间的顶板,所述顶板设有第一通孔,用于供所述锁基座穿过,以使锁轴到达所述锁基座的锁止容纳腔内。
在本方案中,通过在两个侧板之间设置顶板,提高了两侧板的连接强度,避免侧板变形或损坏,提升连接单元整体的结构强度;通过设置第一通孔,能够引导锁基座与锁轴相互对位配合。
较佳地,所述第一通孔沿车梁长度方向延伸,所述第一通孔的长度大于所述锁基座的长度与所述锁轴在所述锁止槽内的水平移动距离之和。
在本方案中,避免干涉锁轴在锁止槽内的水平方向移动。
较佳地,当锁轴位于锁止容纳腔内时,所述锁轴的中心与所述第一通孔的底壁之间的距离小于所述锁轴的中心与车梁底部的距离。
在本方案中,能够避免干涉锁轴在锁基座内沿竖直方向移动。
较佳地,所述锁止单元还包括锁舌,所述锁舌与所述锁基座可转动连接,以打开或关闭所述开口槽。
在本方案中,通过锁舌能够将锁轴限制于锁基座内,实现锁止单元对锁轴锁止的稳定性。
较佳地,所述锁止单元至少包括两个锁基座,每个所述锁基座均转动连接有所述锁舌,所述锁止单元还包括锁连杆,所述锁连杆与多个所述锁舌可转动连接。
在本方案中,通过锁连杆能够解锁多个锁舌,提升解锁效率,也能避免多个锁舌分别解锁导致解锁时间不一致而致使解锁失败。
较佳地,所述锁止单元包括复位件,所述复位件的一端连接于锁连杆上,另一端连接于快换支架或车梁上。
在本方案中,通过复位杆能够将锁连杆自动复位,在锁止过程时,能够实现自动锁止。
较佳地,所述锁舌具有延伸至锁基座外侧的解锁部。
在本方案中,锁舌自身可以具有解锁部,通过外部设备对解锁部施加作用力,从而能够对单个锁舌进行解锁。在具体实施时,单个锁舌可以具有该解锁部,以对锁舌进行解锁,从而该具有解锁部的锁舌以及锁基座可以作为锁止单元的二级锁止部件,从而当具有锁连杆的锁止部件失效时,仍能锁轴进行锁止,避免锁止失效,提升锁止单元对连接单元的锁止能力。
较佳地,所述电池单元还包括解锁杆,所述解锁杆与所述解锁部或所述锁连杆相对设置,并用于推动所述解锁部或所述锁连杆转动,以使所述锁舌打开或者闭合所述开口槽。
在本方案中,通过解锁杆能够对解锁部或锁连杆进行动作,从而打开或者闭合开口槽,当解锁杆作用于解锁部或锁连杆时,锁舌打开开口槽连接单元能够从锁止单元中移动出来。
较佳地,用于连接所述锁基座的快换支架包括底壁,所述底壁设有第二通孔,供所述解锁杆穿过,以作用于所述锁连杆或所述解锁部。
在本方案中,快换支架的底壁一方面可以提高快换支架自身的结构强度,另一方面还可以作为安装锁基座的基础,提高锁基座和快换支架的连接强度,在底壁上设置第二通孔,便于解锁杆穿过以执行解锁操作。
较佳地,所述第二通孔的长度大于所述锁轴在所述锁止槽内的水平移动距离。
在本方案中,通过上述结构,能够避免干涉解锁时电池单元的锁轴在锁止单元内的水平移动,使锁轴在锁止槽内移动至开口槽对应的位置。
较佳地,多个所述锁轴和多个所述锁基座均沿着所述车梁的长度方向布置。
在本方案中,通过上述结构,将电池包支撑点与车梁相对应,提高车梁对电池包的支撑强度。
较佳地,所述连接单元通过连接支架连接于所述车梁上,所述连接支架上设有沿所述车梁的宽度方向贯通的连接槽,用于容纳并锁止固定所述连接单元。
在本方案中,可以在连接支架上直接开设贯通的连接槽,并容纳锁轴,即该连接支架即起到连接车梁的作用,同时又可直接锁止连接电池单元,该结构简单,制造成本低。
较佳地,所述连接单元的上表面不高于所述电池包的上表面。
在本方案中,连接单元的上表面不高于电池包的上表面,能够进一步降低电池包的整体高度;同时可以容纳锁止单元的部分高度使电池包的离地高度进一步增大,便于底盘换电设备进出车梁下方以进行电池的拆装,从而可以给换电设备进入车梁下方进行换电预留更多的空间。另外,可以理解的是,连接单元的上表面也可以略高于电池包的上表面,连接单元与锁止单元的连接处可以全部或者部分的位于电池包上表面以下。
较佳地,所述锁止单元包括第二锁止容纳腔,用于供所述连接单元进入以锁止固定所述电池单元, 所述第二锁止容纳腔位于所述车梁的侧壁的一侧。
在本方案中,第二锁止容纳腔可以位于车梁的一侧,当连接单元与第二锁止容纳腔连接时,电池包能够位于车梁的一侧,从而增大电池包下表面距离底面的距离,为换电设备进入车辆下方进行换电操作留出更多的空间。
较佳地,所述锁止单元包括第二锁基座,所述第二锁基座内设有所述第二锁止容纳腔,所述第二锁基座连接于所述车梁上。
在本方案中,通过第二锁基座进行锁止,便于对第二锁基座进行结构改动以适应连接单元的结构,避免对车身大梁的结构进行改动,能够提升锁止的稳定性和可靠性。
较佳地,所述锁止单元包括第二安装座,所述第二锁基座通过所述第二安装座连接于所述车梁的侧壁。
在本方案中,可以通过第二安装座将第二锁基座安装于车梁的侧壁,使得安装灵活,在不影响与连接单元连接结构的前提下,能够适应不同的车梁的结构以及安装位置需求。
较佳地,所述第二锁基座通过第二快换支架连接于所述车梁上,所述第二快换支架连接于所述车梁的侧壁。
在本方案中,可以通过第二快换支架将第二锁基座整体安装于车梁上,便于将多个第二锁基座以及电连接器等快换机构集成到快换支架上,实现快换机构的整体安装与拆卸,能够简化安装步骤和流程,提升安装效率。
较佳地,所述连接单元包括第二锁轴和第二轴基座,所述第二锁轴的一端连接于所述第二轴基座的侧壁,并自所述第二轴基座的侧壁向朝向所述车梁的方向延伸;所述车梁上设有第二锁基座,包括第二锁止槽,所述第二锁止槽用于容纳所述第二锁轴。
较佳地,多个所述第二锁轴和多个所述第二锁基座均沿着所述车梁的长度方向布置。
在本方案中,通过上述结构,将电池包支撑点与车梁相对应,提高车梁对电池包的支撑强度。
较佳地,所述连接单元包括螺纹连接件、T型挂接件中的至少一个,所述螺纹连接件用于将电池单元螺纹连接于车梁上,所述T型挂接件用于将电池单元旋转卡合于车梁上。
较佳地,所述电池单元包括第一电连接器和用于容纳电池包的电池腔,所述连接单元设置于相邻两个所述电池腔之间,相邻两个所述电池腔之间设有通孔;所述第一电连接器设置于任一所述电池腔的外侧壁。
在本方案中,电池包设置于电池腔内,并在电池腔内通过导线连接,以形成具有一个第一电连接器的输出端;在对电池单元进行更换时,通过插接对准一个第一电连接器便可实现电连接。
较佳地,所述电池单元还包括壳体和盖板,所述壳体内间隔设有多个隔板,所述隔板之间形成所述电池腔;每个所述电池腔的腔口处均设有所述盖板。
在本方案中,通过上述结构,能够将多个电池包形成一个整体。
较佳地,所述车辆还包括第二电连接器,所述第二电连接器布置于所述车梁的宽度方向上,所述第二电连接器用于与所述第一电连接器连接,以使所述电池单元对所述车辆供电。
在本方案中,通过上述结构,在电池包拆装的过程中,便于对接第一电连接器和第二电连接器,以形成电连接。
较佳地,用于连接所述锁止单元的快换支架包括纵向支架和横向支架,所述纵向支架连接于所述车梁上,所述横向支架连接于所述纵向支架之间,所述横向支架上设置有所述第二电连接器。
在本方案中,通过上述结构的快换支架,当其被安装于车梁上后,能够将锁止单元和电连接器同时整体安装于车梁上,避免各个部件单独安装而反复调试对准,也能够提升安装效率。
较佳地,所述横向支架位于所述车梁下方,所述纵向支架连接于所述车梁的侧壁。
在本方案中,横向支架位于车梁下方,能够避让车梁,避免干涉;纵向支架连接车梁的侧壁,能够增大连接面积,利用车梁的刚度,提升连接的稳定性。
较佳地,所述横向支架至少覆盖所述电池单元端部的部分区域。
在本方案中,能够在对接时,为电连接器之间的连接提供支撑。
较佳地,所述电池单元包括侧部电池包,所述电池包设于所述车梁的外侧。
在本方案中,能够避免与车梁内部的结构产生干涉。
较佳地,所述电池单元还包括中部电池包,所述中部电池包设于两个所述侧部电池包之间,且位于所述车梁下方。
在本方案中,设置中部电池包能够提升供电能力,或者在提供相同的供电能力的情形下,通过设置中部电池包能够减小电池单元的厚度。另外,中部电池包设置于车梁下方,能够避免与两个车梁之间的部件干涉。
较佳地,所述侧部电池包内设有避让口,用于避让所述电动车辆的传动轴。
一种快换组件,所述快换组件应用于如上述的电动车辆中;
所述快换组件包括锁止单元和电池单元,所述锁止单元用于与所述车梁连接,所述电池单元包括多个电池包,与所述车梁对应的相邻两个所述电池包之间设有连接单元,所述连接单元与所述锁止单元相配合。
本发明的积极进步效果在于:电池单元具有多个电池包,能够对大重量的电动车辆进行供电;并且电池单元的多个电池包沿着车梁的宽度方向并列设置,使得电池包能够平铺设置,降低了电池单元的整体高度;而通过在电池包之间设置连接单元,并与锁止单元连接,能够将电池单元整体与电动车辆的车梁连接,在对大重量的电动车辆进行换电时,能够对电池单元整体进行更换,以适应大重量的电动车辆的快换需求,为换电设备的换电预留出充分的空间,避免了在换电过程中抬高车身或对地面 进行挖坑处理的情形。
附图说明
图1为本发明实施例提供的一种电动车辆的结构示意图;
图2为本发明实施提供的电动车辆下方设有换电设备的结构示意图;
图3为本发明实施例提供的一种快换支架安装于车梁的结构示意图,其中锁止容纳腔位于车梁的下方;
图4为图3中快换支架的结构示意图;
图5为本发明实施例提供的一种锁止单元的立体结构示意图;
图6为本发明实施例提供的一种锁止单元的平面结构示意图;
图7为图4中快换支架的正视示意图;
图8为本发明实施例提供的另一种快换支架的结构示意图,其中锁止容纳腔位于车梁的下方;
图9为本发明实施例提供的另一种快换支架的结构示意图,其中锁止容纳腔位于车梁的一侧;
图10为本发明实施例提供的一种电池单元的结构示意图;
图11为本发明实施例提供的电池单元的剖视示意图,其中电池单元内的电池包被去除;
图12为本发明实施例提供的一种连接单元的结构示意图;
图13为本发明实施例提供的电池单元的结构示意图,其中解锁杆设于电池单元内;
图14为本发明实施例提供的第二锁轴的结构示意图,其可与图9中的快换支架配合使用;
图15本发明实施例提供的另一种的电动车辆的锁止单元和连接单元的结构示意图,此时锁止单元和连接单元锁止在一起;
图16本发明实施例提供的另一种的电动车辆的连接单元的结构示意图;
图17本发明实施例提供的另一种的电动车辆的锁止单元的结构示意图;
图18本发明实施例提供的另一种的电动车辆的连接单元的结构示意图。
图19本发明实施例提供的另一种的电动车辆的锁止单元和连接单元的结构示意图,此时锁止机构和锁连接结构锁止在一起。
附图标记说明
电动车辆1;车梁10;电池单元20;第一电连接器21;电池腔22;通孔221;壳体23;盖板24;隔板25;第二电连接器26;侧部电池包27;中部电池包28;锁止单元30;锁止容纳腔31;锁基座32;锁止槽321;开口槽322;快换支架33;纵向支架331;侧壁3311;底壁3312;顶壁3313;第二通孔3314;支撑柱3315;横向支架332;连接柱333;挡板334;锁舌34;凸起部341;锁连杆35;复位件36;解锁部37;支撑基座38;连接单元40;锁轴41;轴基座42;侧板421;顶板422;第一通孔423;轴立柱424;解锁杆43;连接支架50;第二锁止容纳腔60;第二锁基座61;第二快 换支架62;第二锁轴63;第二轴基座64;安装座70;换电设备2;锁止座801;第一开孔802;挂接部803;第一螺纹部804;挂接杆903;第二螺纹部904;第二开孔905;锁止件906;安装壳907
具体实施方式
下面通过实施例的方式进一步说明本发明,但并不因此将本发明限制在所述的实施例范围之中。
本发明实施例提供了一种电动车辆1,如图1所示,电动车辆1包括车梁10和电池单元20,电池单元20包括沿着车梁10的宽度方向并列设置的多个电池包;车梁10上设有锁止单元30,与车梁10对应的相邻两个电池包之间设有连接单元40,连接单元40与锁止单元30相配合,以将电池单元20与车梁10锁止连接。
在具体实施时,如图1所示,电动车辆1具有沿着车辆长度方向延伸且沿着车辆的宽度方向间隔设置的两个车梁10,该车梁10的宽度方向与电动车辆1的宽度方向相同。电池单元20具有多个电池包,多个电池包提供的电能能够对比如卡车等大重量的电动车辆1进行供电。并且电池单元20的多个电池包沿着车梁10的宽度方向并列设置,使得电池包能够平铺设置,降低了电池单元20的整体高度。如图2所示,在车梁10上设置锁止单元30,能够在车辆的底部对电池单元20进行更换,便于换电设备2的操作,也能为换电设备2的换电预留出充分的空间,避免了抬高车辆或在地面上挖坑以便换电小车进出车辆底部。通过在电池包之间设置连接单元40,并与锁止单元30连接,能够将电池单元20整体与电动车辆1的车梁10连接,在对大重量的电动车辆1进行换电时,能够对电池单元20整体进行更换,以适应大重量的电动车辆1的快换需求。也能够使得电池单元20与车梁10的连接处位于电池包之间空间内,提升连接的稳定性。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,锁止单元30包括锁止容纳腔31,用于供连接单元40进入以锁止固定电池单元20,锁止容纳腔31位于车梁10下方。
如图1和图3所示,锁止容纳腔31位于车梁10的下方,当电池单元20锁止于锁止容纳腔31内时,电池单元20的锁止位置也位于车梁10的下方。在将亏电的电池单元20从电动车辆1上拆卸下来时,换电设备2可以带动电池单元20移动以脱离锁止容纳腔31;并且,换电设备2仅需将电池单元20向下移动较短的距离即可避让车梁10及锁止单元30,以沿水平方向进出车梁10的底部,为换电设备2承载电池单元20进出车梁10底部预留充分的空间,避免车辆上的部件干涉换电设备进出车辆的底部。在将电池单元20水平移出电动车辆1以外时,由于锁止位置位于车梁10下方,电池单元20脱离锁止容纳腔31后,便可水平移动离开电动车辆1的下方;从而能够减小换电设备2在竖直方向上的移动距离,提升换电效率。
在具体实施时,锁止容纳腔31可以采用多种结构形式,比如锁止容纳腔31可以设于锁基座32上,也可以直接在支架上设置锁止容纳腔31,下面将对其一些可实施的方式进行具体地说明,但是不应将其局限于下述的实施方式中。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图3和图4所示,锁止单元30包括锁基座32,锁基座32内设有锁止容纳腔31,锁基座32连接于车梁10上。
通过设置锁基座32形成锁止容纳腔31,便于对锁基座32进行结构改动以适应连接单元40的结构;并且,通过在车梁10上加装锁基座32,能够避免对车身大梁的结构进行改动,也能够对现有的电动车辆1进行改装;另外,锁基座32连接于车梁10上,能够利用车梁10的刚度承重电池单元20的重量,使得锁止更为稳定和可靠。
在具体实施时,锁基座32与车梁10的连接方式也可以根据实际情况采用多种方式,下面将给出一些可行的实施方式,但是不应将其局限于下述的实施方式中。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图5所示,锁止单元30包括安装座70,锁基座32通过安装座70连接于车梁10的底部。
在具体实施时,可以通过一个安装座70将单个锁基座32或同时将多个锁基座32安装于车梁10的底部,在同一车梁10上,可以设置多个安装座70。从而可以在实现与连接单元40连接的前提下,根据锁止需求灵活安装锁基座32。比如,可以根据连接单元40的结构在车梁10的对应位置处通过安装座70设置锁基座32,也可以结合车梁10的结构情况,比如避让必要区域设置锁基座32。从而能够适应不同的车梁10结构,也能够适应不同的连接单元40进行灵活设置。此外,安装座70可以连接于车梁10的底部,可以为安装座70的安装留有充足的空间。或者,在一些实施情况下,安装座70也可以连接于车梁10的侧壁,比如L型的折弯构件,而锁基座32位于车梁10的下方。
作为另一种较佳地实施方式,如图3、图4和图7所示,锁基座32通过快换支架33连接于车梁10上,快换支架33连接于车梁10的侧壁。
在具体实施时,可以将一侧车梁10上的锁基座32都设置于快换支架33上,从而通过将快换支架33安装于车梁10上,便可在一侧车梁10上安装多个锁基座32,以提高车梁对电池单元的承载效果。另外,快换支架33可以设置在车梁10两侧,从而通过安装快换支架33便可以将两侧车梁10上需安装的所有锁基座32安装于两侧的车梁10上,其外,还可以将车辆的电连接器等快换机构集成在快换支架33上,实现快换机构的整体安装与拆卸,能够简化安装步骤和流程,提升安装效率。在对现有的电动车辆1进行改装时,可以先将锁基座32组装至快换支架33上,然后直接在车梁10上加装具有锁基座32的快换支架33,一方面可以根据承载重量的需要安装锁基座32,另一方面避免对车梁10自身结构进行大的改动。
另外,在不与车梁10内部的部件干涉的前提下,安装座70可以与车梁10的外侧壁连接,也可以与车梁10的内侧壁连接;快换支架33可以与车梁10的外侧壁连接,也可以与车梁10的内侧壁连接。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图11所示,连接单元40可以包括锁轴41和轴基座42,锁轴41通 过轴基座42安装于相邻两个电池包之间。
在具体实施时,锁轴41可以被锁止于锁止容纳腔31内,以使电池单元20能够连接于车梁10上。通过轴基座42能够实现锁轴41安装于电池单元20上,并位于相邻两个电池包之间,另外借由锁基座32能够将受力传递至电池单元20的框架上,从而可以利用电池单元20的结构强度提升连接的稳定性。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图11所示,轴基座42包括两个相对设置的侧板421,锁轴41的两端分别连接于侧板421上,锁轴41沿竖直方向挂接于锁止单元30上。
在具体实施时,如图11所示,锁轴41的两端均连接于侧板421上,使得锁轴41的安装更为牢固;当锁轴41挂接与锁止单元30上后,锁轴41的两端均能够受力,提高锁轴41对电池单元20的承载效果,使得电池单元20与车梁10的连接更为牢固和稳定。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,锁基座32包括锁止槽321,如图5所示,锁止槽321沿着锁基座32的厚度方向T贯通,锁止容纳腔31位于锁止槽321内,锁止槽321可用于沿竖直方向挂接锁轴41。
可以理解的是,当锁止容纳腔31位于贯通的锁止槽321中,锁止槽321对锁轴41施加的作用力能够分散至两侧的侧板421上,从而增加电池单元20的受力点,减小电池单元20单个受力点的受力,提高了锁基座32对锁轴41的支撑强度。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图6和图7所示,锁基座32包括开口槽322,开口槽322与锁止槽321相连通,开口槽322为贯通槽,开口槽322用于供锁轴41进入锁止槽321并锁止于锁止容纳腔31内。
在具体实施时,通过开口槽322和与其连通的锁止槽321,锁轴41能够自开口槽322进入锁止槽321并最终锁止于锁止容纳腔31内,具体地,如图6和图7所示,开口槽322沿着竖直方向延伸,锁止槽321沿着水平方向延伸,在电池单元40安装于车梁的过程中,从而电池单元20在换电设备2的举升作用下,电池单元20的锁轴41能够沿着竖直方向向上移动并通过开口槽322移动至锁止槽321与开口槽322的交界处,再在换电设备2的作用下,锁轴41沿着水平方向移动进入锁止槽321的锁止容纳腔31内,相应地,该电池单元20的解锁可以具有与锁止步骤相反的步骤。该锁止步骤及解锁步骤简单,能够提升锁止或解锁的效率和成功率。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,两个侧板421之间的间距大于锁基座32的厚度。通过该结构,在锁止单元30对锁轴41进行锁止时,锁轴41进入锁基座32内的锁止槽321内的过程中,能够避免侧板421干涉锁基座32。另外,两个侧板421也能够限制锁基座32沿着锁轴41轴线方向移动,也即沿着车梁10宽度方向上的移动,避免电动车辆1使用过程导致对电池单元20的晃动而撞击电池单元20。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图10和图12所示,电池单元20还包括设于两个侧板421之间的顶板422,顶板422设有第一通孔423,用于供锁基座32穿过,以使锁轴41到达锁基座32的锁止容 纳腔31内。
如图所示,侧板421可以为一侧具有开口,且开口处具有折弯的框架结构;两侧的侧板421的开口向背设置。侧板421内还设有沿着竖直方向布置的轴立柱424,锁轴41的两端分别穿设于两侧的轴立柱424上,轴立柱424能够进一步提升承力效果。顶板422的两端可以向下弯折并罩设于两侧的侧板421外,从而提高了两侧板421的结构强度,避免侧板421变形或损坏,提升连接单元40整体的结构强度。在顶板422的上表面穿设第一通孔423,该第一通孔423能够引导锁基座32进入并与锁轴41相互对位配合。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图10所示,第一通孔423沿车梁10长度方向延伸,第一通孔423的长度大于锁基座32的长度与锁轴41在锁止槽321内的水平移动距离之和。从而能够避免干涉锁轴41在锁止槽321内的水平方向移动。锁轴41在锁止槽321内的水平移动距离指锁轴41自开口槽322与锁止槽321的交界处移动至锁止容纳腔31内的锁止位置的距离,当锁轴41位于锁止位置时,锁舌34关闭开口槽322。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,当锁轴41位于锁止容纳腔31内时,锁轴41的中心与第一通孔423的底壁之间的距离小于锁轴41的中心与车梁底部的距离。从而,能够避免干涉锁轴41在锁基座32内沿竖直方向移动。
可以理解的是,当锁轴41与锁基座32之间具有其他的锁止或解锁路径时,上述第一通孔423的长度、锁轴41的中心与第一通孔423的底壁3312之间的距离可以具有其他的长度关系,以避免干涉锁轴41在锁基座32内的移动。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图6所示,锁止单元30还包括锁舌34,锁舌34与锁基座32可转动连接,以打开或关闭开口槽322。从而,通过锁舌34能够将锁轴41限制于锁基座32内,实现锁止单元30对锁轴41锁止的稳定性。
在具体实施时,如图6所示,锁舌34具有能够阻断开口槽322和锁止槽321之间连通的凸起部341,当凸起部341阻断开口槽322和锁止槽321时,凸起部341和锁止槽321之间的空间形成锁止容纳腔31。当锁舌34转动远离锁基座32时,凸起部341能够随之转动使得开口槽322和锁止槽321连通。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图5和图6所示,锁止单元30至少包括两个锁基座32,每个锁基座32均转动连接有锁舌34,锁止单元30还包括锁连杆35,锁连杆35与多个锁舌34可转动连接。通过锁连杆35能够解锁多个锁舌34,提升解锁效率,也能避免多个锁舌34分别解锁导致解锁时间不一致而致使解锁失败。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图7所示,锁止单元30包括复位件36,复位件36的一端连接于锁连杆35上,另一端连接于快换支架33或车梁10上。
可以理解的是,在锁连杆35向下复位运动过程中,复位件36能够对锁连杆35施加作用力,能够加速锁连杆35复位运动并带动连接于锁连杆35上的锁舌34转动,以关闭开口槽322,从而在锁止过程时,能够实现自动锁止。如图所示,在具体实施时,复位件36可以为弹簧,弹簧能够对锁连杆35施加弹性力,加速锁连杆35复位,即恢复至凸起部341阻断开口槽322和锁止槽321连通的位置处。
作为另一种较佳地实施方式,如图9所示,锁舌34具有延伸至锁基座32外侧的解锁部37。通过直接对解锁部37施加作用力,从而能够对锁舌34进行解锁。
对于以上的两种实施方式,锁止单元30可以具有其中的任意一种,或同时具有两种。当锁止单元30既包括具有锁连杆35的锁舌34,又包括具有解锁部37的锁舌34时,两者可以构成一级锁止机构和二级锁止机构;具体地,通过锁连杆35连接的多个锁舌34,其可以作为一级锁止机构,对电池单元20进行一级锁止;具有解锁部37的单个锁舌34,其可以作为二级锁止机构,从而当具有一级锁止机构失效时,仍能锁轴41进行锁止,避免锁止失效,提升锁止单元30对连接单元40的锁止可靠性。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图10和图13所示,电池单元20还包括解锁杆43,解锁杆43与解锁部37或锁连杆35相对设置,并用于推动解锁部37或锁连杆35转动,以使锁舌34打开开口槽322,当无解锁杆43作用时,锁连杆35或锁舌34复位至初始状态,即锁舌34关闭开口槽322。
在具体实施时,如图13所示,解锁杆43可以位于连接单元40中,并与解锁部37或锁连杆35相对的位置处。通过解锁杆43能够对解锁部37或锁连杆35进行动作,从而打开或者闭合开口槽322,锁止单元30能够锁止连接单元40,连接单元40也能够从锁止单元30中移动出来。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图4所示,用于连接锁基座32的快换支架33包括底壁3312,底壁3312设有第二通孔3314,供解锁杆43穿过,以作用于锁连杆35或解锁部37。快换支架33的底壁3312一方面可以提高快换支架33自身的结构强度,另一方面还可以作为安装锁基座32的基础,提高锁基座32和快换支架33的连接强度,在底壁3312上设置第二通孔3314,便于解锁杆43穿过以执行解锁操作。
在具体实施时,如图3和图4所示,快换支架33可以包括两个纵向支架331,两个纵向支架331分别连接于车梁10的两侧,具体地,纵向支架331可以包括侧壁3311、底壁3312和顶壁3313,底壁3312和顶壁3313分别连接于侧壁3311的上下两端,侧壁3311可与车梁10的侧壁连接,锁基座32可连接于底壁3312上。进一步地,锁基座32的开口槽322和锁止槽321均位于底壁3312的下方,锁连杆35和解锁部37均位于底壁3312的上方。在快换支架33的底壁3312与锁连杆35或解锁部37的对应位置处可以开设该第二通孔3314,从而解锁杆43能够穿过该第二通孔3314,并作用于锁连杆35或解锁部37,以推动锁连杆35或解锁部37转动,使得开口槽322和锁止槽321连通,锁轴 41能够移动出锁基座32。此外,底壁3312和顶壁3313之间还可以设置支撑柱3315,从而提升纵向支架331的结构强度。具体地,支撑柱3315的上端和下端可以分别与顶壁3313和底壁3312贴合,支撑柱3315可以连接于侧壁3311上。相应地,顶壁3313和底壁3312之间的距离大于锁连杆35或解锁部37转动过程的竖直距离,以避免对锁连杆35或解锁部37转动的干涉。
对于通过安装座70将锁基座32安装于车梁10的实施方式,可以设置安装座70的结构,使其将锁基座32安装于车梁10后,能够预留出锁连杆35或解锁部37转动的空间。也可以在车梁10上设置类似于第二通孔3314的孔状结构,使得锁连杆35或解锁部37能够转动,进行解锁。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,第二通孔3314的长度大于锁轴41在锁止槽321内的水平移动距离。从而,能够避免干涉解锁时电池单元的锁轴41在锁止单元30内的水平移动,使锁轴41在锁止槽321内移动至开口槽322对应的位置。
在具体实施时,如图4和图7所示,锁止单元30还可以包括支撑基座38,连接单元40可以包括支撑轴,支撑基座38与锁基座32具有类似的结构,支撑轴可以与锁轴41具有类似的结构。但相比于锁基座32,支撑基座38内未设置锁舌34,在换电设备2的作用下,支撑轴可以进入支撑基座38内,并被支撑基座38支撑,增加锁止单元30与连接单元40的连接点,减小单个连接点的受力。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图3-4所示,多个锁轴41和多个锁基座32均沿着车梁10的长度方向布置。从而,将电池包支撑点与车梁10相对应,提高车梁10对电池包的支撑强度。
在上述实施方式中,给出了通过锁基座32对电池包进行锁止的方式,在具体实施,作为另一种较佳地实施方式,如图8所示,连接单元40通过连接支架50连接于车梁10上,连接支架50上设有沿车梁10的宽度方向贯通的连接槽,用于容纳并锁止固定连接单元40。从而,可以在连接支架50上直接开设贯通的连接槽,并容纳锁轴41,即该连接支架50即起到连接车梁10的作用,同时又可直接锁止连接电池单元20,该结构简单,制造成本低。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图10和图11所示,连接单元40的上表面不高于电池包的上表面。
可以理解的是,连接单元40的上表面不高于电池包的上表面,能够进一步降低电池包的整体高度;同时可以容纳锁止单元30的部分高度,使电池包的离地高度进一步增大,便于底盘换电设备2进出车梁10下方以进行电池的拆装,从而可以给换电设备2进入车梁10下方进行换电预留更多的空间。另外,可以理解的是,连接单元40的上表面也可以略高于电池包的上表面,连接单元40与锁止单元30的连接处可以全部或者部分的位于电池包上表面以下。
在上述内容中,给出了锁止容纳腔31位于车梁10的下方的实施方式,该锁止容纳腔31可以为通槽的结构的形式。在其他实施方式,锁止容纳腔31也可以位于车梁10侧壁的一侧,为了与上述的锁止容纳腔31进行区分,下面将结合附图9和图14,并以第二锁止容纳腔60进行进一步说明。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图9所示,锁止单元30包括第二锁止容纳腔60,用于供连接单元 40进入以锁止固定电池单元20,第二锁止容纳腔60位于车梁10的侧壁的一侧。
在具体实施时,如图所示,第二锁止容纳腔60可以位于车梁10的一侧,连接单元40位于相邻两个电池包之间,连接单元40的上表面可以低于电池单元20中电池包所在位置处的上表面,或者略高于电池单元20中电池包所在位置处的上表面。当连接单元40与位于车梁10一侧的第二锁止容纳腔60连接时,电池包能够位于车梁10的一侧,从而能够进一步增大电池单元20下表面距离底面的距离,为换电设备2进入车辆下方进行换电操作留出更多的空间。
在具体实施时,第二锁止容纳腔60可以采用多种结构形式,比如第二锁止容纳腔60可以设于第二锁基座61上,也可以直接在支架上设置第二锁止容纳腔60,下面将对其一些可实施的方式进行具体地说明,但是不应将其局限于下述的实施方式中。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图9所示,锁止单元30包括第二锁基座61,第二锁基座61内设有第二锁止容纳腔60,第二锁基座61连接于车梁10上。通过第二锁基座61进行锁止,便于对第二锁基座61进行结构改动以适应连接单元40的结构,避免对车身大梁的结构进行改动,能够提升锁止的稳定性和可靠性。另外,第二锁基座61连接于车梁10上,能够利用车梁10的刚度承重电池单元20的重量,使得锁止更为稳定和可靠
作为一种较佳地实施方式,锁止单元30包括第二安装座70,第二锁基座61通过第二安装座70连接于车梁10的侧壁。
在具体实施时,可以通过一个第二安装座70将单个第二锁基座61或同时将多个第二锁基座61安装于车梁10的一侧,在同一车梁10上,可以设置多个第二安装座70。从而可以在实现与连接单元40连接的前提下,根据锁止需求灵活安装第二锁基座61。比如,可以根据连接单元40的结构在车梁10的对应位置处通过第二安装座70设置锁基座32,也可以结合车梁10的结构情况,比如避让必要区域设置第二锁基座61。从而能够不同的车梁10结构,也能够适应不同的连接单元40进行灵活设置。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图9所示,第二锁基座61通过第二快换支架62连接于车梁10上,第二快换支架62连接于车梁10的侧壁。
在具体实施时,可以将一侧车梁10上的第二锁基座61都设置于第二快换支架62上,从而通过将第二快换支架62安装于车梁10上便可在一侧车梁10上安装需安装于其上的所有第二锁基座61。另外,第二快换支架62可以形成在车梁10两侧,从而通过安装第二快换支架62便可以将两侧车梁10上需安装的所有第二锁基座61安装于两侧的车梁10上,其外,还可以将车辆的电连接器等快换机构集成在快换支架33上,实现快换机构的整体安装与拆卸,能够简化安装步骤和流程,提升安装效率。在对现有的电动车辆1进行改装时,可以先将第二锁基座61组装至第二快换支架62上,然后直接在车梁10上加装具有第二锁基座61的第二快换支架62,能够节约电动车辆1的改装时间。
另外,在不与车梁10内部的部件干涉的前提下,第二安装座70可以与车梁10的外侧壁连接,也可以与车梁10的内侧壁连接;第二快换支架62可以与车梁10的外侧壁连接,也可以与车梁10的内侧壁连接。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图14所示,连接单元40包括第二锁轴63和第二轴基座64,第二锁轴63的一端连接于第二轴基座64的侧壁,并自第二轴基座64的侧壁向朝向车梁10的方向延伸;车梁10上设有第二锁基座61,包括第二锁止槽321,第二锁止槽321用于容纳第二锁轴63。
在具体实施时,第二锁基座61和第二锁轴63可以具有与上述锁基座32和锁轴41相类似或相同的结构,也可以形成上述的一级锁止机构和二级锁止机构,也可以具有上述的支撑基座38和支撑轴结构。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图9和图14所示,多个第二锁轴63和多个第二锁基座61均沿着车梁10的长度方向布置。从而,将电池包支撑点与车梁10相对应,提高车梁10对电池包的支撑强度。
在上述内容中,给出了通过锁止容纳腔31对电池单元20进行锁止的实施方式,在其他实施方式中,连接单元40还可以采用其他的方式与车梁10连接。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,连接单元40包括螺纹连接件、T型挂接件中的至少一个,螺纹连接件用于将电池单元20螺纹连接于车梁10上,T型挂接件用于将电池单元20旋转卡合于车梁10上。
具体的,在螺纹连接方式中,如图15和图16所示,锁止单元30包括锁止座801,锁止座801具有沿竖直方向延伸的第一开孔802,第一开孔802内设有第一螺纹部804,该第一螺纹部804为内螺纹,连接单元40包括安装壳907和锁止件906,该安装壳907内沿竖直方向延伸的第二开孔905,锁止件906竖向设置在第二开孔905内,该锁止件906可相对于安装壳907在竖直方向移动且锁止件906上设有与第一螺纹部804相配合的第二螺纹部904,第二螺纹部904能够与第一螺纹部804啮合,从而实现锁止单元30与连接单元40的锁止和解锁。
在其他具体实施例中,在旋转卡合方式中,如图17、图18和图19所示,锁止单元30包括锁止座801,锁止座801具有沿竖直方向延伸的第一开孔802,该锁止座801内设有挂接部803,锁止座801具有挂接腔,第一开孔802与挂接腔连通,且挂接座803位于挂接腔底部,本实施例中,第一开孔802为方形孔,且挂接部803位于第一开孔802的两侧,连接单元40包括锁止件906,该锁止件906的上端设有沿水平方向延伸的挂接杆903,该挂接杆903为柱状体且水平设置在锁止件906的顶部,挂接杆903与锁止件906共同构成T型结构。
当挂接杆903处于第一位置时,挂接杆903能够穿过第一开孔802并进入锁止座801的挂接腔内,当位于挂接腔内的挂接杆903旋转至第二位置时,挂接杆903能够挂接于限位部803上,从而使得锁止单元30与连接单元40相对锁止固定。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图10所示,电池单元20包括第一电连接器21和用于容纳电池包的电池腔22,连接单元40设置于相邻两个电池腔22之间,如图13所示,相邻两个电池腔22之间设有通孔221;第一电连接器21设置于任一电池腔22的外侧壁。
在具体实施时,如图11所示,电池单元20可以包括多个电池包,每个电池包可以设置于对应的电池腔22内,并且电池腔22之间可以在部分位置处连通,从而便于将多个电池包连接在一起,并形成具有一个第一电连接器21的输出端;在对电池单元20进行更换时,通过插接对准一个第一电连接器21便可实现电连接。另外,电池包之间的布线连接在电池单元20内部进行,使得电池单元20外部结构平整统一。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图10和图11所示,电池单元20还包括壳体23和盖板24,壳体23内间隔设有多个隔板25,隔板25之间形成电池腔22;每个电池腔22的腔口处均设有盖板24。
在具体实施时,通过壳体23和盖板24的结构形式,能够将多个电池包形成一个电池单元20整体;此外,通过盖板24盖设于壳体23的相应位置,能够避让连接单元40的位置。如图11所示,相邻两个电池包之间具有两个隔板25,两个隔板25之间设有上述任一实施方式的连接单元40
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图3和图4所示,车辆还包括第二电连接器26,第二电连接器26布置于车梁10的宽度方向上,第二电连接器26用于与第一电连接器21连接,以使电池单元20对车辆供电。
其中,第二电连接器26还与电动车辆1上相应的线路连接,从而在具体实施时,将第一电连接器21与第二电连接器26连接便可使得电池单元20与车梁10实现电连接。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图1和图3所示,用于连接锁止单元30的快换支架33包括纵向支架331和横向支架332,纵向支架331连接于车梁10上,横向支架332连接于纵向支架331之间,横向支架332上设置有第二电连接器26。
如图3所示,纵向支架331和横向支架332之间可以通过连接柱333连接,纵向支架331的端部和横向支架332的端部分别与连接柱333的不同侧面连接。横向支架332一方面能够用于安装第二电连接器26,当其被安装于车梁10上后,能够将锁止单元30和电连接器同时整体安装于车梁10上,避免各个部件单独安装而反复调试对准,也能够提升安装效率;另一方面能够加强两个纵向支架331之间的连接强度,使得快换支架33整体的结构强度得到提升。在具体实施时,可以在纵向支架331的两端均设置横向支架332,在其中一个横向支架332上设置第二电连接器26,由此形成了矩形的框架结构,进一步提升快换支架33整体的结构强度。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图1所示,横向支架332位于车梁10下方,纵向支架331连接于车梁10的侧壁。从而能够避让车梁10,避免干涉;纵向支架331连接车梁10的侧壁,能够增大连接面积,利用车梁10的刚度,提升连接的稳定性。
在具体实施时,如图3所示,纵向支架331和横向支架332连接于连接柱333的不同高度处。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图1所示,横向支架332至少覆盖电池单元20端部的部分区域。从而能够在对接时,为电连接器之间的连接提供支撑。
如图1所示,在快换支架33的两侧还可以设置挡板334,挡板334连接于连接柱333的侧面上,该侧面优选为与纵向支架331所连接的侧面相对的侧面。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图1和图10所示,电池单元20包括侧部电池包27,电池包设于车梁10的外侧。从而,能够避免与车梁10内部的结构产生干涉。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,如图1和图9所示,电池单元20还包括中部电池包28,中部电池包28设于两个侧部电池包27之间,且位于车梁10下方。
在具体实施时,设置中部电池包28能够提升供电能力,或者在提供相同的供电能力的情形下,通过设置中部电池包28能够减小电池单元20的厚度。另外,中部电池包28设置于车梁10下方,能够避免与两个车梁10之间的部件干涉。也能够便于引出第二电连接器26,并与第一电连接器21进行连接。
作为一种较佳地实施方式,中部电池包28内设有避让口,用于避让电动车辆1的传动轴。
本发明实施例还提供了一种快换组件,快换组件应用于如上述的电动车辆1中;
快换组件包括锁止单元30和电池单元20,锁止单元30用于与车梁10连接,电池单元20包括多个电池包,与车梁10对应的相邻两个电池包之间设有连接单元40,连接单元40与锁止单元30相配合。
可以理解的是,快换组件中的锁止单元30可以采用以上任一实施方式中的锁止单元30,电池单元20也可以采用以上任一实施方式中的电池单元20。通过该快换组件,能够改装已有的电动车辆1,使得原本固定式的直充电池变为可拆卸的电池单元20,从而能够快速更换电动车辆1上的亏电电池单元20,也能快速将满电电池单元20安装至电动车辆1上。
采用上述实施例中技术方案,充分利用车梁下方的高度空间,在换电设备2对电池单元进行拆卸时,空载的换电设备2可以直接进入电池单元的下方空间,且不与电动车辆的底部产生干涉;在换电设备2对电池单元进行安装时,承载有电池单元的换电设备2也可以直接进入车梁的下方进行换电,且不与电动车辆的底部产生干涉。整个过程中,既不需要举升车身,也不需要设置下沉式空间或挖坑用于供换电设备2进出,降低换电站的建站成本、时间和难度,降低对建站场地的要求,提高换电的效率。上述实施例中的技术方案尤其适用于重卡、轻卡等商用车。
虽然以上描述了本发明的具体实施方式,但是本领域的技术人员应当理解,这仅是举例说明,本发明的保护范围是由所附权利要求书限定的。本领域的技术人员在不背离本发明的原理和实质的前提下,可以对这些实施方式做出多种变更或修改,但这些变更和修改均落入本发明的保护范围。

Claims (22)

  1. 一种电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电动车辆包括车梁和电池单元,所述电池单元包括沿着所述车梁的宽度方向并列设置的多个电池包;
    所述车梁上设有锁止单元,与所述车梁对应的相邻两个所述电池包之间设有连接单元,所述连接单元与所述锁止单元相配合,以将所述电池单元与所述车梁锁止连接。
  2. 如权利要求1所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁止单元包括锁止容纳腔,用于供所述连接单元进入以锁止固定所述电池单元,所述锁止容纳腔位于所述车梁下方。
  3. 如权利要求2所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁止单元包括锁基座,所述锁基座内设有所述锁止容纳腔,所述锁基座连接于所述车梁上;
    优选地,所述锁止单元包括安装座,所述锁基座通过所述安装座连接于所述车梁的底部;或者,所述锁基座通过快换支架连接于所述车梁上,所述快换支架连接于所述车梁的侧壁。
  4. 如权利要求3所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述连接单元包括锁轴和轴基座,所述锁轴通过所述轴基座安装于相邻两个所述电池包之间。
  5. 如权利要求4所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述轴基座包括两个相对设置的侧板,所述锁轴的两端分别连接于所述侧板上,所述锁轴挂接于所述锁止单元上。
  6. 如权利要求5所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁基座包括锁止槽,所述锁止槽沿着所述锁基座的厚度方向贯通,所述锁止容纳腔位于所述锁止槽内,所述锁止槽用于挂接所述锁轴。
  7. 如权利要求6所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁基座包括开口槽,所述开口槽与所述锁止槽相连通,所述开口槽为贯通槽,所述开口槽用于供所述锁轴进入所述锁止槽并锁止于所述锁止容纳腔内。
  8. 如权利要求6所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,两个所述侧板之间的间距大于所述锁基座的厚度;
    优选地,所述电池单元还包括设于两个所述侧板之间的顶板,所述顶板设有第一通孔,用于供所述锁基座穿过,以使锁轴到达所述锁基座的锁止容纳腔内;
    优选地,所述第一通孔沿车梁长度方向延伸,所述第一通孔的长度大于所述锁基座的长度与所述锁轴在所述锁止槽内的水平移动距离之和;和/或,当锁轴位于锁止容纳腔内时,所述锁轴的中心与所述第一通孔的底壁之间的距离小于所述锁轴的中心与车梁底部的距离。
  9. 如权利要求7所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁止单元还包括锁舌,所述锁舌与所述锁基座可转动连接,以打开或关闭所述开口槽。
  10. 如权利要求9所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁止单元至少包括两个锁基座,每个所述锁基座均转动连接有所述锁舌,所述锁止单元还包括锁连杆,所述锁连杆与多个所述锁舌可转动连接;
    优选地,所述锁止单元包括复位件,所述复位件的一端连接于锁连杆上,另一端连接于快换支架或车梁上。
  11. 如权利要求10所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁舌具有延伸至锁基座外侧的解锁部。
  12. 如权利要求11所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电池单元还包括解锁杆,所述解锁杆与所述解锁部或所述锁连杆相对设置,并用于推动所述解锁部或所述锁连杆转动,以使所述锁舌打开或者闭合所述开口槽;
    优选地,用于连接所述锁基座的快换支架包括底壁,所述底壁设有第二通孔,供所述解锁杆穿过,以作用于所述锁连杆或所述解锁部;
    优选地,所述第二通孔的长度大于所述锁轴在所述锁止槽内的水平移动距离。
  13. 如权利要求4-12中任一项所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,多个所述锁轴和多个所述锁基座均沿着所述车梁的长度方向布置。
  14. 如权利要求1-13中任一项所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述连接单元通过连接支架连接于所述车梁上,所述连接支架上设有沿所述车梁的宽度方向贯通的连接槽,用于容纳并锁止固定所述连接单元。
  15. 如权利要求1-14中任一项所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述连接单元的上表面不高于所述电池包的上表面。
  16. 如权利要求1-15中任一项所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述锁止单元包括第二锁止容纳腔,用于供所述连接单元进入以锁止固定所述电池单元,所述第二锁止容纳腔位于所述车梁的侧壁的一侧;
    优选地,所述锁止单元包括第二锁基座,所述第二锁基座内设有所述第二锁止容纳腔,所述第二锁基座连接于所述车梁上;
    优选地,所述锁止单元包括第二安装座,所述第二锁基座通过所述第二安装座连接于所述车梁的侧壁;或者,所述第二锁基座通过第二快换支架连接于所述车梁上,所述第二快换支架连接于所述车梁的侧壁。
  17. 如权利要求16所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述连接单元包括第二锁轴和第二轴基座,所述第二锁轴的一端连接于所述第二轴基座的侧壁,并自所述第二轴基座的侧壁向朝向所述车梁的方向延伸;所述车梁上设有第二锁基座,包括第二锁止槽,所述第二锁止槽用于容纳所述第二锁轴;
    优选地,多个所述第二锁轴和多个所述第二锁基座均沿着所述车梁的长度方向布置。
  18. 如权利要求1-17中任一项所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述连接单元包括螺纹连接件、T型挂接件中的至少一个,所述螺纹连接件用于将电池单元螺纹连接于车梁上,所述T型挂接件用于将电池单元旋转卡合于车梁上。
  19. 如权利要求1-18中任一项所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电池单元包括第一电连接器和 用于容纳电池包的电池腔,所述连接单元设置于相邻两个所述电池腔之间,相邻两个所述电池腔之间设有通孔;所述第一电连接器设置于任一所述电池腔的外侧壁;
    优选地,所述电池单元还包括壳体和盖板,所述壳体内间隔设有多个隔板,所述隔板之间形成所述电池腔;每个所述电池腔的腔口处均设有所述盖板。
  20. 如权利要求19所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述车辆还包括第二电连接器,所述第二电连接器布置于所述车梁的宽度方向上,所述第二电连接器用于与所述第一电连接器连接,以使所述电池单元对所述车辆供电;
    优选地,用于连接所述锁止单元的快换支架包括纵向支架和横向支架,所述纵向支架连接于所述车梁上,所述横向支架连接于所述纵向支架之间,所述横向支架上设置有所述第二电连接器;
    优选地,所述横向支架位于所述车梁下方,所述纵向支架连接于所述车梁的侧壁;和/或,所述横向支架至少覆盖所述电池单元端部的部分区域。
  21. 如权利要求1-20中任一项所述的电动车辆,其特征在于,所述电池单元包括侧部电池包,所述电池包设于所述车梁的外侧;
    优选地,所述电池单元还包括中部电池包,所述中部电池包设于两个所述侧部电池包之间,且位于所述车梁下方;和/或,所述中部电池包内设有避让口,用于避让所述电动车辆的传动轴。
  22. 一种快换组件,其特征在于,所述快换组件应用于如权利要求1-21中任一项所述的电动车辆中;
    所述快换组件包括锁止单元和电池单元,所述锁止单元用于与所述车梁连接,所述电池单元包括多个电池包,与所述车梁对应的相邻两个所述电池包之间设有连接单元,所述连接单元与所述锁止单元相配合。
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