WO2020094378A1 - Procede de reformage en lit fixe utilisant un catalyseur de forme particuliere - Google Patents
Procede de reformage en lit fixe utilisant un catalyseur de forme particuliere Download PDFInfo
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- WO2020094378A1 WO2020094378A1 PCT/EP2019/078574 EP2019078574W WO2020094378A1 WO 2020094378 A1 WO2020094378 A1 WO 2020094378A1 EP 2019078574 W EP2019078574 W EP 2019078574W WO 2020094378 A1 WO2020094378 A1 WO 2020094378A1
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- Prior art keywords
- catalyst
- extruded
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- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 119
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 51
- 238000002407 reforming Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 37
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 18
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 239000004215 Carbon black (E152) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052702 rhenium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhenium atom Chemical compound [Re] WUAPFZMCVAUBPE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 150000004945 aromatic hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052741 iridium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iridium atom Chemical compound [Ir] GKOZUEZYRPOHIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorine Chemical compound FF PXGOKWXKJXAPGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N iodine Chemical compound II PNDPGZBMCMUPRI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 24
- PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium oxide Inorganic materials [O-2].[O-2].[O-2].[Al+3].[Al+3] PNEYBMLMFCGWSK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 20
- 239000002019 doping agent Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims description 10
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052718 tin Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Gallium Chemical compound [Ga] GYHNNYVSQQEPJS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Molybdenum Chemical compound [Mo] ZOKXTWBITQBERF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052797 bismuth Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052733 gallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052732 germanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N germanium atom Chemical compound [Ge] GNPVGFCGXDBREM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L manganese(2+);methyl n-[[2-(methoxycarbonylcarbamothioylamino)phenyl]carbamothioyl]carbamate;n-[2-(sulfidocarbothioylamino)ethyl]carbamodithioate Chemical compound [Mn+2].[S-]C(=S)NCCNC([S-])=S.COC(=O)NC(=S)NC1=CC=CC=C1NC(=S)NC(=O)OC WPBNNNQJVZRUHP-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052750 molybdenum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011733 molybdenum Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052703 rhodium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010948 rhodium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N rhodium atom Chemical compound [Rh] MHOVAHRLVXNVSD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052716 thallium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N thallium Chemical compound [Tl] BKVIYDNLLOSFOA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000012438 extruded product Nutrition 0.000 claims 2
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000012188 paraffin wax Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000002243 precursor Substances 0.000 description 18
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 18
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 15
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 15
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 13
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 13
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 12
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 12
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 12
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000000571 coke Substances 0.000 description 9
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 9
- 238000011282 treatment Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229910001593 boehmite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M hydroxidooxidoaluminium Chemical compound O[Al]=O FAHBNUUHRFUEAI-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 8
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 8
- 239000000843 powder Substances 0.000 description 8
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 7
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 7
- HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chloroform Chemical compound ClC(Cl)Cl HEDRZPFGACZZDS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Heptane Chemical compound CCCCCCC IMNFDUFMRHMDMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 5
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910001868 water Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- -1 dicarbonyl platinum dichloride Chemical compound 0.000 description 4
- WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl disulfide Chemical group CSSC WQOXQRCZOLPYPM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 4
- UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylcyclohexane Chemical compound CC1CCCCC1 UAEPNZWRGJTJPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N octane Chemical compound CCCCCCCC TVMXDCGIABBOFY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Benzene Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1 UHOVQNZJYSORNB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dichloromethane Chemical compound ClCCl YMWUJEATGCHHMB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 238000001833 catalytic reforming Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000009466 transformation Effects 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O Ammonium Chemical compound [NH4+] QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetone Chemical compound CC(=O)CC(C)=O YRKCREAYFQTBPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N alumane Chemical class [AlH3] AZDRQVAHHNSJOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003197 catalytic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010924 continuous production Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 2
- CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N gallium nitrate Chemical compound [Ga+3].[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O.[O-][N+]([O-])=O CHPZKNULDCNCBW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002431 hydrogen Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl-cycloheptane Natural products CC1CCCCCC1 GYNNXHKOJHMOHS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002894 organic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 150000002896 organic halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002902 organometallic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000007670 refining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000005987 sulfurization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrachloromethane Chemical compound ClC(Cl)(Cl)Cl VZGDMQKNWNREIO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VEJOYRPGKZZTJW-FDGPNNRMSA-N (z)-4-hydroxypent-3-en-2-one;platinum Chemical compound [Pt].C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O.C\C(O)=C\C(C)=O VEJOYRPGKZZTJW-FDGPNNRMSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1,1-trichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)(Cl)Cl UOCLXMDMGBRAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,1-Dichloroethane Chemical compound CC(Cl)Cl SCYULBFZEHDVBN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QYIGOGBGVKONDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-(2-bromo-5-chlorophenyl)-3-methylpyrazole Chemical compound N1=C(C)C=CN1C1=CC(Cl)=CC=C1Br QYIGOGBGVKONDY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QSHYGLAZPRJAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-(chloromethyl)-2-(2-methylphenyl)-1,3-thiazole Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C1=NC(CCl)=CS1 QSHYGLAZPRJAEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical class N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KSSJBGNOJJETTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N COC1=C(C=CC=C1)N(C1=CC=2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C=2C=C1)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)C1=CC(=CC=C1C=1C=CC(=CC=13)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC Chemical class COC1=C(C=CC=C1)N(C1=CC=2C3(C4=CC(=CC=C4C=2C=C1)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)C1=CC(=CC=C1C=1C=CC(=CC=13)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)N(C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC)C1=C(C=CC=C1)OC)C1=CC=C(C=C1)OC KSSJBGNOJJETTC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N O-Xylene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1C CTQNGGLPUBDAKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Omeprazole sulfide Chemical compound N=1C2=CC(OC)=CC=C2NC=1SCC1=NC=C(C)C(OC)=C1C XURCIPRUUASYLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 150000001242 acetic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetylacetonate Chemical group CC(=O)[CH-]C(C)=O CUJRVFIICFDLGR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000002877 alkyl aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001588 bifunctional effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052729 chemical element Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N chromate(2-) Chemical class [O-][Cr]([O-])(=O)=O ZCDOYSPFYFSLEW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001860 citric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002596 correlated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000875 corresponding effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005336 cracking Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000753 cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006356 dehydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- VBXWCGWXDOBUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxyindiganyl acetate Chemical compound [In+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O VBXWCGWXDOBUQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- SMRRYUGQTFYZGD-UHFFFAOYSA-K diacetyloxythallanyl acetate Chemical compound [Tl+3].CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O.CC([O-])=O SMRRYUGQTFYZGD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910003460 diamond Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010432 diamond Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004069 differentiation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000945 filler Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940044658 gallium nitrate Drugs 0.000 description 1
- UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K gallium trichloride Chemical compound Cl[Ga](Cl)Cl UPWPDUACHOATKO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 229910000037 hydrogen sulfide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000005984 hydrogenation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydron;methyl 4-methoxypyridine-2-carboxylate;chloride Chemical compound Cl.COC(=O)C1=CC(OC)=CC=N1 RXPAJWPEYBDXOG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SKWCWFYBFZIXHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium acetylacetonate Chemical compound CC(=O)C=C(C)O[In](OC(C)=CC(C)=O)OC(C)=CC(C)=O SKWCWFYBFZIXHE-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- VRDNAHLDDUCBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(3+);2,2,2-trifluoroacetate Chemical compound [In+3].[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F.[O-]C(=O)C(F)(F)F VRDNAHLDDUCBMP-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K indium(iii) chloride Chemical compound Cl[In](Cl)Cl PSCMQHVBLHHWTO-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006317 isomerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004898 kneading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 150000002823 nitrates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- FYWSTUCDSVYLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N nitrooxythallium Chemical compound [Tl+].[O-][N+]([O-])=O FYWSTUCDSVYLPV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000510 noble metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003891 oxalate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001590 oxidative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003348 petrochemical agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003208 petroleum Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004525 petroleum distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000003018 phosphorus compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003057 platinum Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003058 platinum compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L platinum dichloride Chemical compound Cl[Pt]Cl CLSUSRZJUQMOHH-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- BYFKUSIUMUEWCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum;hexahydrate Chemical compound O.O.O.O.O.O.[Pt] BYFKUSIUMUEWCM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002574 poison Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 229920001470 polyketone Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000001737 promoting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007363 ring formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012265 solid product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001179 sorption measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003892 tartrate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrabutyltin Chemical compound CCCC[Sn](CCCC)(CCCC)CCCC AFCAKJKUYFLYFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003568 thioethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GSYXIGDIZRBXJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylindigane Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1[In](C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 GSYXIGDIZRBXJH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000008096 xylene Substances 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10G—CRACKING HYDROCARBON OILS; PRODUCTION OF LIQUID HYDROCARBON MIXTURES, e.g. BY DESTRUCTIVE HYDROGENATION, OLIGOMERISATION, POLYMERISATION; RECOVERY OF HYDROCARBON OILS FROM OIL-SHALE, OIL-SAND, OR GASES; REFINING MIXTURES MAINLY CONSISTING OF HYDROCARBONS; REFORMING OF NAPHTHA; MINERAL WAXES
- C10G35/00—Reforming naphtha
- C10G35/04—Catalytic reforming
- C10G35/06—Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used
- C10G35/085—Catalytic reforming characterised by the catalyst used containing platinum group metals or compounds thereof
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J21/00—Catalysts comprising the elements, oxides, or hydroxides of magnesium, boron, aluminium, carbon, silicon, titanium, zirconium, or hafnium
- B01J21/02—Boron or aluminium; Oxides or hydroxides thereof
- B01J21/04—Alumina
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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Definitions
- the invention applies to the technical field of refining and in particular to reforming. More particularly, the present invention relates to a catalytic reforming process in a fixed bed using a catalyst with specific morphology.
- the catalytic reforming process is a process widely used by refiners to recover heavy petrol obtained by distillation.
- the hydrocarbons of the heavy gasoline charge (paraffins and naphthenes) containing from 5 to 12 carbon atoms approximately per molecule are transformed during this process into aromatic hydrocarbons or failing that into branched paraffins. This transformation is obtained at high temperature (of the order of 500 ° C.), at low to medium pressure (3.5 to 25.10 5 Pa) and in the presence of a catalyst.
- Catalytic reforming produces reformate which improves the octane number of petroleum fractions.
- the reformate is mainly formed of C5 + compounds (containing at least 5 carbon atoms).
- This process also produces a hydrogen-rich gas, a combustible gas (formed by C1-C2 compounds) and liquefied gases (formed by C3-C4 compounds).
- coke formation also occurs, in particular by condensation of aromatic rings forming a solid product, rich in carbon, which is deposited on the active sites of the catalyst.
- the reactions which produce C1 -C4 compounds (also called C4-) and coke are detrimental to the reformate yield and the stability of the catalyst.
- the high activity of the catalyst must be combined with the greatest possible selectivity, that is to say that the cracking reactions leading to light products containing from 1 to 4 carbon atoms (C4 -) must be limited.
- catalysts for fixed beds there are two main categories of reforming catalysts: on the one hand, catalysts for fixed beds (semi-regenerative process), on the other hand, catalysts for mobile beds (continuous process).
- They are bifunctional catalysts, that is to say that they consist of two functions, a metallic and an acid, each of the functions having a well defined role in the activity of the catalyst.
- the metallic function essentially ensures the dehydrogenation of naphthenes and paraffins and the hydrogenation of precursors of coke.
- the acid function ensures the isomerization of naphthenes and paraffins and the cyclization of paraffins.
- the acid function is provided by the support itself, most often a pure halogenated alumina.
- the metallic function is provided by a noble metal from the platinum family and at least one additional metal, mainly tin for the continuous process (moving bed), and rhenium in the semi-regenerative process (fixed bed).
- reforming catalysts are extremely sensitive, in addition to coke, to various poisons or inhibitors capable of degrading their activity: in particular nitrogen, metals and water.
- the coke when deposited on the surface of the catalyst, results in a loss of activity over time which leads to higher operating temperatures, a lower reformate yield, and a shorter cycle time. It is therefore important to seek to increase the activity of the catalysts in order to obtain high yields of C5 + at the lowest possible temperature, so as to maximize the cycle time of the catalyst. It is necessary after a certain period of time to regenerate the catalyst in order to remove the coke and the inhibitors which have deposited on its active sites.
- the regeneration of reforming catalysts essentially comprises a controlled combustion step to first remove the coke and an oxychlorination step which essentially allows the metals to be redispersed and the acidity of the alumina to be adjusted by adding oxidizing medium to chlorine or chlorinated organic compounds.
- the catalyst regeneration treatments are carried out under very severe conditions which can lead to its degradation due to the high temperature and the presence of combustion water. It is therefore important to seek to improve the stability of the catalyst by limiting the formation of coke in order to be able to space these regeneration phases as much as possible.
- reforming catalysts are in the form of balls, cylinders or, more rarely, trilobes. It is well known to those skilled in the art that the step of shaping the reforming catalyst is of importance because of its impact on the pressure drop undergone during the passage of the effluent through the catalyst bed. It is indeed desirable to minimize this pressure drop so as to control on the one hand the operational pressure of the process which has an impact on the yields of C5 + and on the other hand to limit the energy consumption of the pumps and compressors of unity. Likewise, it is generally known that the activity of the catalyst increases with the reduction in the size of the balls, cylinders or trilobes, in the event of internal diffusional limitations.
- the pressure drop normally increases until reaching intolerable levels. Thanks to the use of specific catalyst morphology, the pressure drops can be reduced for smaller balls, cylinders or trilobes, which increases the activity.
- An object according to the invention relates to a process for reforming a fixed bed of a hydrocarbon charge comprising n-paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons containing from 5 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule at a temperature between 400 and 700 ° C, a pressure of between 0.1 and 4 MPa, and a mass flow rate of charge treated per unit mass of catalyst and per hour of between 0.1 and 10 h 1 , by bringing said charge into contact with a catalyst comprising at least platinum, at least one promoter metal chosen from the group formed by rhenium and iridium, at least one halogen chosen from the group formed by fluorine, chlorine, bromine and iodine, and a porous support for alumina in the form of an extruded characterized by a length "I" of between 1 and 10 mm, a section comprising four lobes, and preferably consisting of four lobes, section called quadrilobed, and such that the largest diameter "D" of the cross section
- the largest diameter "D" of the cross section of said extruded quadrilobed section is between 1, 1 and 2.2 mm.
- said extruded quadrilobed section has a length "I" of between 2 and 7 mm.
- said section of the quadrilobed section extrudate has symmetrical lobes.
- said section of the extrudate of quadrilobed section has asymmetrical lobes.
- said extruded quadrilobed section is an axial extruded.
- said extruded quadrilobed section is a helical extruded having a pitch of rotation between 10 and 180 ° per mm.
- the platinum content of said catalyst relative to the total weight of the catalyst is between 0.02 to 2% by weight.
- the rhenium or iridium content of said catalyst is between 0.02 and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- said catalyst further comprises at least one dopant chosen from the group formed by gallium, germanium, indium, tin, antimony, thallium, lead, bismuth, titanium, chromium , manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, rhodium, zinc and phosphorus.
- dopant chosen from the group formed by gallium, germanium, indium, tin, antimony, thallium, lead, bismuth, titanium, chromium , manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, rhodium, zinc and phosphorus.
- the content of said dopant is between 0.01 and 2% by weight relative to the weight of the catalyst.
- the halogen content of said catalyst is between 0.1 and 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the halogen is chlorine and its content is between 0.5 and 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the specific surface of said porous support is between 150 and 400 m 2 / g.
- the volume of the pores of the support is between 0.2 and 1 cm 3 / g, and the mean diameter of the mesopores is between 5 and 20 nm.
- group IB according to the CAS classification corresponds to the metals in column 1 1 according to the new IUPAC classification.
- specific surface means the BET specific surface determined by nitrogen adsorption in accordance with standard ASTM D 3663-78 established from the BRUNAUER-EMMETT-TELLER method described in the periodical "Journal of the American Chemical Society", 60, 309, (1938).
- the largest diameter “D” is understood to mean the largest diameter of the equivalent circle passing through the ends of two opposite lobes.
- Figure 1 is a graph illustrating the temperature profile:
- a catalyst A non-conforming comprising a support in cylindrical extruded form (succession of points in the form of a circle);
- a catalyst B non-conforming comprising a support in trilobed extruded form (succession of points in the form of a diamond);
- a catalyst C according to the invention comprising a support in extruded quadrilobed form (succession of points in the form of a triangle).
- the abscissa represents the time under load (in hours) and the ordinate represents the temperature of the catalytic bed (in ° C). From this graph it is possible to characterize the stability of the catalyst by calculating the slope of the temperature between two times under given load. The slope is thus expressed in ° C / day (° C / d). The lower the slope, the more stable the catalyst is considered.
- FIGS. 2a, 3a and 4a are cross-sectional representations of examples of quadrilobe type catalysts used in the context of the process according to the invention. More particularly, FIG. 2a is a sectional representation of an example of a symmetrical quadrilobe catalyst, FIG. 3a is a representation in section of an example of an asymmetric quadrilobe catalyst of the “Butterfly” type, and FIG. 4a is a representation of section of an example of an asymmetric quadrilobe catalyst of the “Batman” type.
- FIGS 2b, 3b and 4b show photographs of the catalysts shown in Figures 2a, 3a and 4a.
- the reforming process increases the octane number of gasoline fractions from the distillation of crude oil and / or other refining processes.
- the aromatic production processes provide the bases (benzene, toluene and xylene) usable in petrochemicals. These processes are of additional interest by contributing to the production of large quantities of hydrogen essential for the hydrotreatment or hydroconversion processes of the refinery.
- the hydrocarbon feedstock used in the context of the process according to the invention contains n-paraffinic, iso-paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons containing from 5 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule. This load is defined, among other things, by its density and its weight composition.
- the reforming process in a fixed bed according to the invention is carried out by bringing a hydrocarbon feedstock (detailed below) into contact with a specific reforming catalyst (detailed later in the description) at a temperature between 400 and 700 ° C, preferably between 350 and 550 ° C, a pressure between 0.1 and 4 MPa, preferably between 1 and 3 MPa, and a mass flow rate of feed treated per unit mass of catalyst and per hour between 0 , 1 and 10 h 1 , preferably between 0.5 and 6 h 1 .
- Part of the hydrogen produced is recycled according to a molar recycling rate (flow of recycled hydrogen over flow of hydrocarbon feedstock) of between 0.1 and 8, preferably between 2 and 7.
- the hydrocarbon charge to be treated generally contains paraffinic, naphthenic and aromatic hydrocarbons containing from 5 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule. This load is defined, among other things, by its density and its weight composition. These fillers can have an initial boiling point of between 40 ° C and 70 ° C and a final boiling point of between 160 ° C and 220 ° C. They can also be constituted by a fraction or a mixture of gasoline fractions having initial and final boiling points of between 40 ° C and 220 ° C. The charge to be treated can thus also consist of a heavy naphtha having a boiling point of between 160 ° C. and 200 ° C.
- the catalyst used in the context of the process according to the invention comprises at least platinum.
- the platinum content relative to the total weight of the catalyst can be between 0.02 to 2% by weight, preferably between 0.05 and 1.5% by weight, even more preferably between 0.1 and 0.8 % weight.
- the catalyst comprises one or more promoter metals which have the effect of promoting the dehydrogenating activity of platinum, of limiting the parasitic reactions of CC bond breakage and of stabilizing the metallic phase.
- the promoter metals are chosen from the group formed by rhenium and iridium.
- the content of each promoter metal may be between 0.02 and 10% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, preferably between 0.05 and 5% by weight, even more preferably between 0.1 and 2% by weight.
- the catalyst used in the context of the process according to the invention can also comprise at least one dopant chosen from the group formed by gallium, germanium, indium, tin, antimony, thallium, lead, bismuth, titanium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, rhodium, zinc and phosphorus.
- a dopant chosen from the group formed by gallium, germanium, indium, tin, antimony, thallium, lead, bismuth, titanium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, rhodium, zinc and phosphorus.
- the content of each dopant may be between 0.01 to 2% by weight, preferably between 0.01 to 1% by weight, more preferably between 0.01 to 0.7% by weight, relative to the total weight of the catalyst. .
- the catalyst used in the process according to the invention can also comprise at least one halogen used to acidify the alumina support.
- the halogen content can represent between 0.1 to 15% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst, preferably between 0.2 to 5% relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the catalyst comprises a single halogen which is chlorine, the chlorine content is between 0.5 and 2% by weight relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- the porous support of the catalyst used in the process according to the invention is based on alumina.
- the alumina (s) of the porous support used in the catalyst can be of type c, h, g or d. Preferably, they are of type g or d. Even more preferably, they are of the y type.
- the specific surface of said porous support is between 150 and 400 m 2 / g, preferably between 150 and 300 m 2 / g, even more preferably between 160 and 250 m 2 / g.
- the volume of the pores with a diameter of less than 10 microns is preferably between 0.2 and 1 cm 3 / g, preferably between 0.4 and 0.9 cm 3 / g.
- the average diameter of the mesopores (pores with a diameter between 2 and 50 nm) is preferably between 5 and 20 nm, more preferably between 7 and 16 nm.
- the specific morphology of the porous support makes it possible to unexpectedly increase the stability of the catalyst while preserving an activity at least as good as the activity of the reforming catalysts in the form of extruded type cylinder or three-lobed.
- the porous support is in the form of extrudates, the section of which comprises four lobes, and preferably consists of four lobes.
- the section of the extrudate may have symmetrical lobes.
- FIGS. 2a and 2b show an example of a quadrilobe extrudate having symmetrical lobes (the four lobes are identical).
- the section of the extrudate (perpendicular to the extrusion axis) may also have asymmetrical lobes.
- FIGS. 3a to 4b show an example of a quadrilobe extrudate having asymmetrical lobes (that is to say that at least one lobe is different from the other lobes).
- the porous support can be in the form of an extrudate of straight quadrilobed section or in the form of a helical extrudate having a pitch of rotation of between 10 and 180 ° per mm.
- the length of the quadrilobed section extrudate is between 1 and 10 mm, preferably between 2 and 7 mm.
- the largest diameter "D” of the cross section of the quadrilobed section extrudate is preferably between 1 and 3 mm, more preferably between 1, 1 and 2.2 mm.
- the largest diameter “D” is understood to mean the largest diameter of the equivalent circle passing through the ends of two opposite lobes.
- porous alumina support can be synthesized by various methods known to those skilled in the art.
- the porous support based on alumina is prepared from a boehmite powder obtained by hydrolysis of aluminum alcoholates.
- boehmite powder prepared by hydrolysis of aluminum alcoholates can be found in patents FR 1391644 or US 5,055,019.
- This boehmite powder is then shaped, for example by mixing and extrusion.
- One or more heat treatments can then lead to obtaining alumina.
- the heat treatment is calcination in dry air at a temperature between 540 ° C and 800 ° C.
- the porous support based on alumina is prepared from a boehmite powder obtained by a precipitation reaction from aluminum salts.
- Boehmite powder can for example be obtained by precipitation of basic and / or acid solutions of aluminum salts induced by change of pH or any other method known to those skilled in the art. This gel is then shaped, for example by kneading-extrusion. Then a series of heat treatments of the product is carried out, leading to the production of alumina. This method is also described in the section entitled "Alumina” by P. Euzen, P. Raybaud, X. Krokidis, H. Toulhoat, JL Le Loarer, JP Jolivet and C. Froidefond, in "Handbook of Porous Solids" (F. Schüth, KSW Sing and J. Weitkamp, Wiley-VCH, Weinheim, Germany, 2002).
- the porous support is prepared from a boehmite powder obtained by hydrolysis of alcoholates.
- the catalyst used in the process according to the invention can be prepared by depositing its various constituents on the alumina support.
- the deposition of each constituent can be carried out on the alumina support before or after shaping thereof.
- the constituents can be introduced successively in any order, from a solution or from separate solutions. In the latter case, intermediate drying and / or calcination can be carried out.
- the deposition of the various constituents of the catalyst can be carried out by conventional techniques, in the liquid phase or in the gas phase, using suitable precursor compounds.
- the techniques used can be, for example, dry or excess impregnation on boehmite powder, or else the mixture of the solution (s) ) containing the constituent during the kneading or mixing stage before extrusion.
- the techniques used can be for example dry impregnation, impregnation by excess of solution. Washing and / or drying and / or calcination steps may possibly be carried out before each new impregnation step.
- the deposition of platinum can be carried out by conventional techniques, in particular impregnation from an aqueous or organic solution of a precursor of platinum or containing a salt or a platinum compound.
- salts or compounds which can be used include hexachloroplatinic acid, ammonia compounds, ammonium chloroplatinate, platinum chloride, dicarbonyl platinum dichloride and hexahydroxyplatinic acid.
- the ammoniacal compounds can be, for example, the platinum II tetraamine salts of formula Pt (NH 3 ) 4 X 2 , the platinum complexes with the halogen-polyketones and the halogenated compounds of formula H (Pt (acac) 2 X) in which element X is a halogen chosen from the group formed by chlorine, fluorine, bromine and iodine, and preferably chlorine, and the acac group represents the remainder of formula C 5 H 7 0 2 derived from l acetylacetone.
- the deposition of platinum can occur at any time during the preparation of the catalyst. It can be carried out in isolation or simultaneously with the deposition of other constituents, for example promoter metal (s).
- the deposition of the dopant (s) and / or the promoter (s) can also be carried out by conventional techniques from precursor compounds such as phosphorus compounds, halides, nitrates, sulfates, acetates, tartrates, citrates, carbonates, oxalates of doping metals and amine complexes.
- precursor compounds such as phosphorus compounds, halides, nitrates, sulfates, acetates, tartrates, citrates, carbonates, oxalates of doping metals and amine complexes.
- any other salt or oxide of these metals soluble in water, acids, or in another suitable solvent is also suitable as a precursor.
- Such precursors include perrhenic acid, perrhenates, chromates, molybdates, tungstates, gallium chloride, gallium nitrate, thallium acetate, thallium nitrate , indium acetylacetonate, indium nitrate, indium acetate, indium trifluoroacetate, indium chloride, bismuth acetate, bismuth nitrate, H 3 P0 4 , a solution of (NH 4 ) 2 HP0 4 , a solution of Na 2 HP0 4 and a solution of Na 3 P0 4 . It is also possible to introduce the dopant (s), by mixing an aqueous solution of their precursor compound (s) with the support before it is shaped.
- the deposition of the dopant (s) and / or the promoter (s) can be carried out using a solution of an organometallic compound of said metals in an organic solvent. In this case, this deposition is carried out for example after that of the platinum, then the solid is calcined and optionally performs a reduction under pure or diluted hydrogen at high temperature, for example between 300 and 500 ° C.
- the organometallic compounds are chosen from the group consisting of the complexes of said promoter metal and the hydrocarbylmetals such as alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, alkylaryl and arylalkyl metals. Compounds of the alcoholate type or organohalogenated compounds can also be used.
- the impregnating solvent can be chosen from the group consisting of paraffinic, naphthenic or aromatic hydrocarbons containing from 6 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule and halogenated organic compounds containing from 1 to 12 carbon atoms per molecule. Mention may be made, for example, of n-heptane, methylcyclohexane and chloroform. It is also possible to use mixtures of the solvents defined above.
- Halogen preferably chlorine
- the halogen can also be added by impregnation with an aqueous solution of the corresponding acid, for example hydrochloric acid, at any time during the preparation.
- a typical protocol is to impregnate the solid so as to introduce the desired amount of halogen.
- the catalyst is kept in contact with the aqueous solution for at least 30 minutes to deposit this amount of halogen.
- Chlorine can also be added to the catalyst using an oxychlorination treatment.
- oxychlorination treatment can for example be carried out between 350 and 550 ° C for two hours under an air flow containing the desired amount of chlorine and possibly containing water.
- halogenated compound When the various precursors used in the preparation of the catalyst do not contain halogen or contain insufficient halogen, it may be necessary to add a halogenated compound during the preparation.
- Any compound known to a person skilled in the art can be used and incorporated in any of the steps for preparing the catalyst.
- organic compounds such as methyl or ethyl halides, for example dichloromethane, chloroform, dichloroethane, methyl chloroform or carbon tetrachloride.
- the shaping of the porous support by extrusion a method well known to those skilled in the art, can be carried out before or after the deposition of all the constituents on said porous support.
- the geometry of the die which gives their shape to the extrudates, is such that the extrudate has a section comprising four lobes and whose largest diameter “D” of the cross section of said extrudate is between 1 and 3 mm.
- a final heat treatment is carried out between 300 and 1000 ° C., which may comprise only a single step at a temperature of 400 to 900 ° C. preferably, and under an oxygen-containing atmosphere, and preferably in the presence of free oxygen or dry air. This treatment corresponds to the drying-calcination step following the deposition of the last constituent.
- the catalyst Before its use, the catalyst is subjected to a treatment under hydrogen and to a treatment using a sulfur precursor in order to obtain an active and selective metallic phase.
- the procedure for this treatment under hydrogen also called reduction under hydrogen, consists in maintaining the catalyst in a stream of pure or diluted hydrogen at a temperature between 100 and 600 ° C, and preferably between 200 and 580 ° C, for 30 minutes to 6 hours. This reduction can be carried out immediately after calcination, or later at the user. It is also possible to directly reduce the dried product at the user.
- the treatment procedure using a sulfur precursor is carried out after reduction.
- total sulfur content is meant in the sense of the present invention, the total amount of sulfur present on the final catalyst obtained at the end of the sulfurization step, the sulfur possibly being in the form of sulfate and / or sulfur in the reduced state.
- the sulfur treatment also called sulfurization
- the catalyst in reduced form is brought into contact with a sulfur precursor for 1 hour at a temperature between 450 and 580 ° C. in the presence of pure or diluted hydrogen.
- the sulfur precursor can be dimethyl disulfide, dihydrogen sulfide, light mercaptans, organic sulfides such as, for example, dimethyldisulfide.
- the catalyst can be prepared by a manufacturing process comprising the following steps:
- said porous alumina support is impregnated with a solution containing a chlorine precursor
- step 1) impregnating said alumina support obtained in step 1) or 2) with at least one solution of at least one platinum precursor;
- step 6) drying and calcining said support obtained in step 4) or 5) to obtain a catalyst in the form of oxide;
- the catalyst in the form of oxide obtained in the preceding step is reduced under pure hydrogen at a temperature of for example between 100 and 600 ° C. and for 30 minutes to 6 hours to obtain a reduced catalyst;
- the reduced catalyst obtained in the preceding step is brought into contact with at least one sulfur precursor for example, for at least one hour at a temperature between 450 ° and 580 ° C.
- Steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) the order of which can be reversed, can be carried out simultaneously or successively. At least one of steps (2), (3), (4) and (5) can be carried out before the step of shaping the support.
- the porous alumina-based support according to step 1) is not supplied directly in the form of an extrudate of length "I" between 1 and 10 mm and of section comprising four lobes such as the largest diameter "D" of the cross section of said extruded is between 1 and 3 mm, then the shaping of the support can be carried out between one of steps 1) to 6) (that is to say before the final drying-calcination step).
- a commercial boehmite powder resulting from a hydrolysis reaction of aluminum alcoholates, is kneaded with water and then extruded through a cylindrical die with a diameter of 2 mm and calcined at 740 ° C. 20 g of this support are brought into contact for 3 hours with 100 cm 3 of an aqueous hydrochloric acid solution comprising 0.2 g of chlorine. The impregnation solution is then withdrawn. The solid thus obtained is dried for 1 hour at 120 ° C. and then calcined for 2 hours at 450 ° C. 100 cm 3 of an aqueous solution of hexachloroplatinic acid comprising 0.07 g of platinum are then brought into contact with the support obtained at the end of the preceding step for 3 hours.
- the amount of hydrochloric acid is adjusted in order to have a chlorine content of 1.1% by weight in the final catalyst.
- the impregnation solution is then withdrawn. 60 cm 3 of an aqueous solution comprising 0.09 g of rhenium introduced in the form of ammonium perrhenate are then brought into contact with the support obtained at the end of the previous step for 3 hours.
- the impregnation solution is then withdrawn.
- the catalyst thus obtained is dried for 1 hour at 120 ° C., calcined for 2 hours at 520 ° C. and then reduced under hydrogen for 2 hours at 520 ° C.
- the catalyst is then sulfurized with a hydrogen / H 2 S mixture (1% vol. Of H 2 S) for 9 minutes at 520 ° C. (flow rate: 0.15 l / min under normal conditions of temperature and pressure).
- the final catalyst contains 0.25% by weight of platinum, 0.25% by weight of rhenium, and 1.1% by weight of chlorine relative to the total weight of the catalyst.
- Example 2 Preparation of a non-conforming catalyst B (support in the form of an extrudate
- the catalyst is prepared according to a protocol identical to Example 1 except that the extrusion is carried out through a three-lobed die whose largest diameter "D" is 2 mm.
- the catalyst is prepared according to a protocol identical to Example 1 with the exception that the extrusion is carried out through a symmetrical four-lobe die (as shown in FIG. 2a) whose largest diameter "D" is 2 mm.
- Example 4 Catalytic test
- Catalysts A to C are tested for the transformation of a naphtha-type hydrocarbon feedstock from petroleum distillation, the characteristics of which are as follows:
- This transformation is carried out in a pilot test unit in a crossed bed in the presence of hydrogen.
- the test is carried out using the following operating conditions:
- the temperature profile of catalysts A to C is shown in Figure 1. From this graph it is possible to characterize the stability of the catalyst by calculating the slope of the temperature between two times under given load. The slope is thus expressed in ° C / day (° C / d). The lower the slope, the more stable the catalyst is considered. Catalyst C is more stable than catalysts A and B, the slope representative of the temperature growth as a function of the time under load being the lowest (cf. table 1 below). This better stability is also correlated with a lower carbon content (representative of the coke deposited on the catalyst) at the end of the test (see Table 1 below).
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- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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- Production Of Liquid Hydrocarbon Mixture For Refining Petroleum (AREA)
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Abstract
Description
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Priority Applications (6)
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KR1020217013125A KR20210076028A (ko) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-10-21 | 특정 형태를 갖는 촉매를 이용한 고정층 개질 방법 |
JP2021524050A JP2022506608A (ja) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-10-21 | 特定形状の触媒を用いる固定床接触改質方法 |
BR112021004765-4A BR112021004765A2 (pt) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-10-21 | processo de reforma em leito fixo utilizando um catalisador de forma particular |
US17/292,158 US20210388272A1 (en) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-10-21 | Method for fixed-bed reforming using a catalyst having a particular form |
CN201980073277.8A CN113242765A (zh) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-10-21 | 使用具有特定形式的催化剂的固定床重整方法 |
EP19787286.4A EP3877084A1 (fr) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-10-21 | Procede de reformage en lit fixe utilisant un catalyseur de forme particuliere |
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FR1871420A FR3088338B1 (fr) | 2018-11-08 | 2018-11-08 | Procede de reformage en lit fixe utilisant un catalyseur de forme particuliere |
FR1871420 | 2018-11-08 |
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PCT/EP2019/078574 WO2020094378A1 (fr) | 2018-11-08 | 2019-10-21 | Procede de reformage en lit fixe utilisant un catalyseur de forme particuliere |
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US (1) | US20210388272A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3877084A1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP2022506608A (fr) |
KR (1) | KR20210076028A (fr) |
CN (1) | CN113242765A (fr) |
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MY139580A (en) * | 2002-06-07 | 2009-10-30 | Shell Int Research | Shaped catalyst particles for hydrocarbon synthesis |
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JP5544090B2 (ja) * | 2006-01-17 | 2014-07-09 | エクソンモービル リサーチ アンド エンジニアリング カンパニー | ナフサ水素化脱硫用の高温アルミナ担体を有する選択的触媒 |
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- 2018-11-08 FR FR1871420A patent/FR3088338B1/fr active Active
-
2019
- 2019-10-21 BR BR112021004765-4A patent/BR112021004765A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-10-21 EP EP19787286.4A patent/EP3877084A1/fr active Pending
- 2019-10-21 CN CN201980073277.8A patent/CN113242765A/zh active Pending
- 2019-10-21 US US17/292,158 patent/US20210388272A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2019-10-21 JP JP2021524050A patent/JP2022506608A/ja active Pending
- 2019-10-21 KR KR1020217013125A patent/KR20210076028A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2019-10-21 WO PCT/EP2019/078574 patent/WO2020094378A1/fr unknown
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FR3088338B1 (fr) | 2021-10-29 |
BR112021004765A2 (pt) | 2021-08-03 |
CN113242765A (zh) | 2021-08-10 |
JP2022506608A (ja) | 2022-01-17 |
EP3877084A1 (fr) | 2021-09-15 |
US20210388272A1 (en) | 2021-12-16 |
KR20210076028A (ko) | 2021-06-23 |
FR3088338A1 (fr) | 2020-05-15 |
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