WO2016035681A1 - 複合半透膜、分離膜エレメント、及びその製造方法 - Google Patents
複合半透膜、分離膜エレメント、及びその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016035681A1 WO2016035681A1 PCT/JP2015/074317 JP2015074317W WO2016035681A1 WO 2016035681 A1 WO2016035681 A1 WO 2016035681A1 JP 2015074317 W JP2015074317 W JP 2015074317W WO 2016035681 A1 WO2016035681 A1 WO 2016035681A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- composite semipermeable
- semipermeable membrane
- porous support
- layer
- membrane
- Prior art date
Links
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Images
Classifications
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- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
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- B01D65/10—Testing of membranes or membrane apparatus; Detecting or repairing leaks
- B01D65/102—Detection of leaks in membranes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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- B01D69/1071—Woven, non-woven or net mesh
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/1213—Laminated layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/12—Composite membranes; Ultra-thin membranes
- B01D69/125—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction
- B01D69/1251—In situ manufacturing by polymerisation, polycondensation, cross-linking or chemical reaction by interfacial polymerisation
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D71/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by the material; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D71/06—Organic material
- B01D71/56—Polyamides, e.g. polyester-amides
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/12—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N21/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of optical means, i.e. using sub-millimetre waves, infrared, visible or ultraviolet light
- G01N21/84—Systems specially adapted for particular applications
- G01N21/88—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination
- G01N21/95—Investigating the presence of flaws or contamination characterised by the material or shape of the object to be examined
- G01N21/958—Inspecting transparent materials or objects, e.g. windscreens
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/04—Characteristic thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/43—Specific optical properties
- B01D2325/44—Specific light transmission
Definitions
- the method for producing a composite semipermeable membrane of the present invention is a method for producing a composite semipermeable membrane comprising a step of forming a separation functional layer on the surface of a porous support having a polymer porous layer on one side of a nonwoven fabric layer.
- the porous support has a defect frequency F1 having a width perpendicular to the film forming line direction of the polymer porous layer of 0.3 mm or more in relation to the size and frequency of defects measured from transmitted light, 50 / It is 480 m 2 or less.
- the polyfunctional amine component contained in the amine aqueous solution is a polyfunctional amine having two or more reactive amino groups, and examples thereof include aromatic, aliphatic, and alicyclic polyfunctional amines.
- the aromatic polyfunctional amine include m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, o-phenylenediamine, 1,3,5-triaminobenzene, 1,2,4-triaminobenzene, 3,5- Examples thereof include diaminobenzoic acid, 2,4-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, N, N′-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-diaminoanisole, amidol, xylylenediamine and the like.
- the concentration of the polyfunctional acid halide component in the organic solution is not particularly limited, but is preferably 0.01 to 5% by weight, more preferably 0.05 to 3% by weight. If the concentration of the polyfunctional acid halide component is too low, the unreacted polyfunctional amine component is increased, and defects are likely to occur in the skin layer. On the other hand, if the concentration of the polyfunctional acid halide component is too high, the amount of unreacted polyfunctional acid halide component increases, so that the skin layer becomes too thick and the permeation flux tends to decrease.
- the nonwoven fabric layer used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it imparts appropriate mechanical strength while maintaining the separation performance and permeation performance of the composite semipermeable membrane, and a commercially available nonwoven fabric is used. be able to.
- a material made of polyolefin, polyester, cellulose or the like is used, and a material in which a plurality of materials are mixed can also be used.
- polyester in terms of moldability.
- a long fiber nonwoven fabric or a short fiber nonwoven fabric can be used as appropriate, but a long fiber nonwoven fabric can be preferably used from the viewpoint of fine fuzz that causes pinhole defects and uniformity of the film surface.
- the porous support thus obtained has a width perpendicular to the film forming line direction of the polymer porous layer of 0.3 mm or more in relation to the size and frequency of defects measured from transmitted light.
- the frequency F1 of a certain defect is 50/480 m 2 or less, preferably 20/480 m 2 or less.
- the frequency F2 of the fault that the width
- the production method of the present invention is a step of continuously measuring the relationship between the size and frequency of defects from transmitted light by irradiating the porous support with light while conveying the long porous support. It is preferable to contain. This process will be described below.
- an area camera, a line camera, etc. may be provided on the back side of the light irradiation surface of the porous support, but in the present invention, if the defect size can be detected at high speed, For this reason, it is preferable to use a line camera or the like.
- Various line sensor cameras and line scan cameras for detecting defects such as those for optical films are commercially available, and they can be used in the present invention.
- the shape and size of each defect can be measured according to the brightness of the defect caused by transmitted light while conveying a long porous support.
- the resolution at that time can be set according to the number of pixels of the camera, the scanning cycle, and the like.
- the resolution in the width direction perpendicular to the line direction is preferably 0.2 mm or less, and more preferably 0.1 mm or less.
- the measurement of the porous support is preferably performed at a length of 100 m or more, more preferably at a length of 200 m or more, and further preferably at a length of 500 m or more in order to increase the accuracy of calculating the defect frequency. Further, it is preferable that the detection width is a width exceeding the product width.
- the position and size of each defect can be specified, and based on this, the relationship between the size and frequency of the defect can be obtained. .
- the frequency F1 of the defect that is higher than the threshold value is obtained by setting the width of the polymer porous layer perpendicular to the film forming line direction (long direction) to 0.3 mm. Further, the frequency F2 of defects that is preferably less than 0.3 mm is obtained.
- the form of the separation membrane element is not particularly limited, and examples include a flat membrane type such as a frame-and-plate type, a spiral type, and a pleat type. Generally, a spiral type composite semipermeable membrane is used depending on the relationship between pressure and flow efficiency. It can be preferably used as an element.
- the channel material generally has a role of ensuring a gap for uniformly supplying fluid to the membrane surface.
- a channel material for example, a net, a knitted fabric, a concavo-convex processed sheet or the like can be used, and a material having a maximum thickness of about 0.1 to 3 mm can be used as needed.
- the pressure loss is low, and further, a material that causes an appropriate turbulent flow effect is preferable.
- the channel material is installed on both sides of the separation membrane, but it is common to use different channel materials as the supply side channel material on the supply liquid side and the permeate side channel material on the permeate side. .
- the supply-side channel material uses a coarse and thick net-like channel material, while the permeate-side channel material uses a fine woven or knitted channel material.
- the scanning period is set so that the resolution in the line direction is 0.05 mm, the detection width is 96 cm, the length of the film is measured about 200 to 400 m, and the frequency of defects is 500 m. It was calculated in terms of the number per corresponding area of 480 m 2 .
- MgSO 4 rejection was calculated in advance using the correlation (calibration curve) between the MgSO 4 concentration and aqueous solution conductivity in advance.
- MgSO 4 rejection (%) ⁇ 1- / ( MgSO 4 concentration in the feed solution) (MgSO 4 concentration in the permeate) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- Examples 1 to 3 While transporting using porous supports A to C, 3.6% by weight of piperazine hexahydrate, 0.15% by weight of sodium lauryl sulfate, 1.5% by weight of sodium hydroxide were formed on the surface of the porous polymer layer. Then, after contacting the solution A mixed with 6% by weight of camphorsulfonsan, the excess solution A was removed to form a coating layer of the solution A. Next, a solution B containing 0.4% by weight of trimesic acid chloride in an IP solvent solvent was brought into contact with the surface of the solution A coating layer. Then, the separation functional layer was formed by drying in an environment of 120 ° C. to obtain a long composite semipermeable membrane.
- Example 1 a long composite semipermeable membrane was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that porous supports D to G were used in place of porous support A.
- Table 1 shows the results of evaluating the above composite semipermeable membrane as described above.
- Examples 1 to 3 using a porous support in which the frequency of defects of 0.3 mm or more was 50/480 m 2 or less the magnesium sulfate rejection was 99.7 in all cases. % Or more.
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Abstract
Description
このように、多孔性支持体の欠点の頻度を制御する方法としては、不織布の平滑性を高める方法、ポリマー多孔質層の厚みを大きくする方法、ポリマー多孔質層の形成時の気泡混入を防止する方法などが挙げられる。
厚さ測定は市販の厚さ測定器((株)尾崎製作所製:ダイヤルシックネスゲージ G-7C)を用いて測定を行った。不織布層とポリマー多孔質層の厚さ測定については、あらかじめ不織布層の厚さを測定しておき、その不織布層上にポリマー多孔質層を形成した状態で複合半透膜支持体全体の厚さを測定した。その後、複合半透膜支持体の厚さと不織布の厚さの差を求め、ポリマー多孔質層の厚さとした。各厚さ測定では同一膜面における任意十点測定値の平均値を用いた。
長尺の多孔性支持体を搬送しつつ、その多孔性支持体の不織布層側から光を照射して、透過光から欠点の大きさと頻度の関係を連続的に測定した。即ち、ポリマー多孔質層を製膜した後の湿潤状態の多孔性支持体(幅約1m)をライン上で搬送しつつ、その多孔性支持体の不織布層側から白色LED光源(レボックス社製、SPX1150、長さ約1m)を用いて光を照射して、ポリマー多孔質層側に透過した光の明暗をCCDラインセンサカメラ(東芝テリー社製、CSL8160、検出長さ約1m)で検出した。検出は、ライン方向の分解能が0.05mmになるように走査周期を設定し、検出幅96cmで、膜の長さは約200~400mについて測定を行ない、欠点の頻度は、検出長さ500mに相当する面積480m2当たりの個数に換算して求めた。
スパイラル型複合半透膜エレメント(日東電工社製、長さ1016mm、直径8インチ)と同じ仕様の膜エレメントを、得られた長尺の複合半透膜を用いて作製(有効膜面積41m2)した。これにを圧力容器に装填し、2000mg/LのMgSO4を含みかつpH6.5から7.0に調整した水溶液(液温25℃)を供給(差圧0.9MPa、回収率13%)しつつ、膜分離を行なった。この操作によって得られた30分後における透過水の電導度を測定し、MgSO4阻止率(%)を算出した。MgSO4阻止率は、MgSO4濃度と水溶液電導度の相関(検量線)を事前に作成し、それらを用いて下式により算出した。
MgSO4阻止率(%)={1-(透過液中のMgSO4濃度)/(供給液中のMgSO4濃度)}×100
阻止率の測定は、分離膜エレメント数N=2で行なった。
表1に示す物性を有する市販の水処理膜支持体用ポリエステル製不織布(幅約1m)を準備した。一方で、ポリスルホンとジメチルホルムアミドの混合溶液をポリマー濃度18重量%となるように配合し、加熱溶解させたのち、真空下で混合している微細な気泡を除去した。不織布を一定の速度で搬送しつつポリマー溶液を連続的に塗布し、30℃の水中で凝固処理することで、厚さ約25μmのポリマー多孔質層を形成した、長尺の多孔性支持体Aを作製した。
多孔性支持体A~Cを用いて搬送しつつ、そのポリマー多孔質層表面に、ピペラジン6水和物3.6重量%、ラウリル硫酸ナトリウム0.15重量%、水酸化ナトリウム1.5重量%、カンファースルホンサン6重量%を混合した溶液Aを接触させた後、余分の溶液Aを除去して、溶液Aの被覆層を形成した。次いで、溶液A被覆層の表面に、IPソルベント溶媒中にトリメシン酸クロライド0.4重量%を含有する溶液Bを接触させた。その後、120℃の環境下で乾燥することで分離機能層を形成し、長尺の複合半透膜とした。
実施例1において、多孔性支持体Aに代えて、多孔性支持体D~Gを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同じ条件で、長尺の複合半透膜を作製した。
2 複合半透膜
3 透過側流路材
4 封筒状膜
5 中心管
6 供給側流路材
7 供給水
8 透過水
9 濃縮水
Claims (7)
- 不織布層の片面にポリマー多孔質層を有する多孔性支持体の表面に分離機能層を有する複合半透膜において、
前記多孔性支持体は、透過光から測定した欠点の大きさと頻度の関係について、ポリマー多孔質層の製膜ライン方向に垂直な幅が0.3mm以上である欠点の頻度F1が、50個/480m2以下であることを特徴とする複合半透膜。 - 前記多孔性支持体は、透過光から測定した欠点の大きさと頻度の関係について、ポリマー多孔質層の製膜ライン方向に垂直な幅が0.3mm未満である欠点の頻度F2が、30個/480m2以下である請求項1記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記多孔性支持体は、前記頻度F1が、20個/480m2以下である請求項1または2記載の複合半透膜。
- 前記ポリマー多孔質層の厚みが、10~35μmである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜。
- 請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の複合半透膜を用いた分離膜エレメント。
- 不織布層の片面にポリマー多孔質層を有する多孔性支持体の表面に分離機能層を形成する工程を含む複合半透膜の製造方法において、
前記多孔性支持体は、透過光から測定した欠点の大きさと頻度の関係について、ポリマー多孔質層の製膜ライン方向に垂直な幅が0.3mm以上である欠点の頻度F1が、50個/480m2以下であることを特徴とする複合半透膜の製造方法。 - 長尺の多孔性支持体を搬送しつつ、その多孔性支持体に光を照射して、透過光から欠点の大きさと頻度の関係を連続的に測定する工程を含む請求項6に記載の複合半透膜の製造方法。
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CN201580046298.2A CN106794433A (zh) | 2014-09-05 | 2015-08-28 | 复合半透膜、分离膜元件、及其制造方法 |
KR1020177001841A KR20170048320A (ko) | 2014-09-05 | 2015-08-28 | 복합 반투막, 분리막 엘리먼트 및 그 제조 방법 |
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