WO2015115612A1 - 変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ、及び、γ-グルタミルバリルグリシンの製造法 - Google Patents
変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ、及び、γ-グルタミルバリルグリシンの製造法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015115612A1 WO2015115612A1 PCT/JP2015/052741 JP2015052741W WO2015115612A1 WO 2015115612 A1 WO2015115612 A1 WO 2015115612A1 JP 2015052741 W JP2015052741 W JP 2015052741W WO 2015115612 A1 WO2015115612 A1 WO 2015115612A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
- C12N9/00—Enzymes; Proenzymes; Compositions thereof; Processes for preparing, activating, inhibiting, separating or purifying enzymes
- C12N9/93—Ligases (6)
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K5/00—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof
- C07K5/02—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link
- C07K5/0215—Peptides containing up to four amino acids in a fully defined sequence; Derivatives thereof containing at least one abnormal peptide link containing natural amino acids, forming a peptide bond via their side chain functional group, e.g. epsilon-Lys, gamma-Glu
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12P—FERMENTATION OR ENZYME-USING PROCESSES TO SYNTHESISE A DESIRED CHEMICAL COMPOUND OR COMPOSITION OR TO SEPARATE OPTICAL ISOMERS FROM A RACEMIC MIXTURE
- C12P21/00—Preparation of peptides or proteins
- C12P21/02—Preparation of peptides or proteins having a known sequence of two or more amino acids, e.g. glutathione
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Y—ENZYMES
- C12Y603/00—Ligases forming carbon-nitrogen bonds (6.3)
- C12Y603/02—Acid—amino-acid ligases (peptide synthases)(6.3.2)
- C12Y603/02002—Glutamate-cysteine ligase (6.3.2.2)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine and a glutamic acid-cysteine ligase mutant suitably used in the method.
- ⁇ -Glutamylvalylglycine is useful in fields such as foods and pharmaceuticals.
- Certain peptides such as ⁇ -glutamyl-L-valyl-glycine (hereinafter also referred to as “ ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly”), have a calcium receptor activating effect.
- Patent Document 1 a peptide having a calcium receptor activating effect can impart a rich taste to foods and drinks (Patent Document 2), and can improve the taste of low-fat foods, particularly fat-like richness and smoothness (Patent Document) 3) and it is known that the body feeling of sweet substances can be improved and the bitterness peculiar to sweet substances can be improved (Patent Document 4).
- the peptide as described above has a preventive or therapeutic effect for diarrhea (Patent Document 5), diabetes (Patent Document 6), and a gastrointestinal bicarbonate secretion promoting effect (Patent Document 7). Yes.
- chemical synthesis and enzymatic methods are known as methods for producing ⁇ -glutamyl tripeptide.
- a chemical synthesis method a method of selectively obtaining ⁇ -glutamyl tripeptide from a dipeptide using N-protected glutamic anhydride is known (Patent Document 8).
- a method using glutamic acid-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase is known (Patent Documents 9 and 10).
- a method is also known in which Val-Gly is converted to ⁇ -glutamyl using ⁇ -glutamyltransferase to produce ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly (Patent Document 11).
- Glutamate-cysteine ligase is an enzyme (EC 6.3.2.2) that has an activity of catalyzing the reaction of producing ⁇ -Glu-Cys, ADP, and phosphate using Glu, Cys, and ATP as substrates.
- GSHA usually requires divalent metal ions such as Mg 2+ and Mn 2+ for enzymatic reactions.
- Vmax / Km the ratio of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity to ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity when Mg 2+ is used as a cofactor
- Mn 2+ is used as a cofactor
- Km 1.7 mM
- Km 21 mM. That is, when Vmax / Km is compared as an activity index, the ratio of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity to ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity when Mn 2+ is used as a cofactor can be calculated as 0.20.
- GSHA derived from Proteus mirabilis a gram-negative bacterium, produces ⁇ -glutamyl peptides using Mg 2+ or Mn 2+ as cofactors, Glu, various amino acids, and ATP as substrates. It is known to do (Non Patent Literature 2).
- ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity is reported to be 14.5% and ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity is 7.2% when ⁇ -Glu-Cys production activity is taken as 100%. ing. That is, if a comparison is made based on these relative activities, the ratio of the ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity to the ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity can be calculated as 0.50.
- Glutamate-cysteine ligase plays a role in generating ⁇ -Glu-Cys which is a precursor of glutathione in vivo.
- GSHA can use various amino acids other than Cys as a substrate, but its activity using Val, which is one of branched chain amino acids, as a substrate is relatively low compared to Cys. Therefore, when ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly is produced from Glu, Val, and Gly using GSHA and glutathione synthase, there is a problem that the yield of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly is low. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a GSHA mutant suitable for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val and a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly using the same.
- the mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase wherein the mutation includes a mutation corresponding to one or more mutations selected from the following: L135 (I, F, M, V, G, A, W, K, H, R, C, N, S, T), Q144 (F, A, N, S, D, T, R, H, G, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I), Y241 (A), N243 (I, W, K, R, H), Y300 (A, H, R, K).
- L135 I, F, M, V, G, A, W, K, H, R, C, N, S, T
- Q144 F, A, N, S, D, T, R, H, G, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I
- Y241 A
- N243 I, W, K, R, H
- Y300 A, H, R, K
- the mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase wherein the mutation includes a mutation corresponding to any of the following mutations: L135I / Q144R, L135I / Q144D, L135I / Q144A, L135I / Q144L, L135I / N243W, L135I / N243F, L135F / Q144A, L135F / N243W, L135M / Q144R, L135M / Q144A, L135M / Q144L, L135M / N243W, L135M / N243W N243F, L135M / Q144H, L135M / Q144N, L135M / N243Y, L135M / N243R, L135M / N243C, L135V / Q144R, L135V / Q144D, L135V / Q144A, L135V /
- the mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase wherein the mutation includes a mutation corresponding to any of the following mutations: L135 (I, M, V, G, A, K, H, C, N, S, T), Q144 (F, A, S, D, T, R, H, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I), N243 (R, H), Y300 (R, K), L135I / Q144R, L135I / Q144D, L135I / Q144A, L135I / Q144L, L135I / N243W, L135I / N243F, L135F / Q144A, L135M / Q144R, L135M / Q144A, L135M / Q144L, L135M / N243W, L135M / Q144H, L135M / Q144N, L135M / N243C
- the mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase wherein the wild-type glutamate-cysteine ligase is the protein described in the following (a), (b), or (c): (A) a protein comprising the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; (B) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence comprising a substitution, deletion, insertion, or addition of 1 to 10 amino acid residues in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2; (C) a protein comprising an amino acid sequence having 90% or more identity to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- a process for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly and / or a salt thereof comprising the following steps (A) and (B): (A) a step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val by allowing the mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase to act on Glu and Val; and (B) ⁇ -Glu-Val produced by the step (A) of glutathione synthetase and A step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly by acting on Gly.
- a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly and / or a salt thereof comprising the following step (C): (C) A step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly by allowing the mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthase to act on Glu, Val, and Gly. [11] The method as described above, wherein the mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase is a purified enzyme. [12] The method, wherein the mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase is an immobilized enzyme.
- mutant glutamic acid-cysteine ligase is contained in a culture of a microorganism having the enzyme, a cultured microbial cell, or a processed product of the microbial cell.
- glutathione synthetase is contained in a culture of a microorganism having the enzyme, a cultured microbial cell, or a processed product of the microbial cell.
- the mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase and glutathione synthetase are contained in a culture of a microorganism having both enzymes, a cultured cell, or a processed product of the cell.
- the method, wherein the microorganism is Escherichia coli.
- the method, wherein the step is performed in the presence of ATP.
- amino acids are L-forms unless otherwise specified.
- Mutant glutamic acid-cysteine ligase (mutant GSHA) “Glutamate-cysteine ligase” is an enzyme (EC 6.3.) That usually catalyzes the reaction to produce ⁇ -Glu-Cys, ADP and phosphate using Glu, Cys and ATP as substrates. Known as 2.2). In the present invention, this activity is also referred to as “ ⁇ -glutamylcysteine synthetase activity”. In the present invention, glutamic acid-cysteine ligase is also referred to as “GSHA”.
- the activity of catalyzing the reaction of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val, ADP and phosphate using Glu, Val and ATP as a substrate is referred to as “ ⁇ -glutamylvaline synthase activity”. It is also referred to as “ ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity”.
- the activity of catalyzing the reaction for producing ⁇ -Glu-Gly, ADP and phosphate using Glu, Gly and ATP as substrates is referred to as “ ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity”. It is also referred to as “ ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity”.
- mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase refers to GSHA having “specific mutation”.
- the gene encoding mutant GSHA is also referred to as “mutant glutamate-cysteine ligase gene (mutant gshA gene)”. The “specific mutation” will be described later.
- glutamate-cysteine ligase having no “specific mutation” is also referred to as “wild-type glutamate-cysteine ligase (wild-type GSHA)”.
- wild-type GSHA wild-type glutamate-cysteine ligase gene
- wild-type gshA gene wild-type glutamate-cysteine ligase gene
- the wild type GSHA will be described below.
- GshA protein GSHA of Escherichia coli
- the base sequence of the gshA gene of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 strain is disclosed in Blattner FR, et al. Science 277: 1453-62 (1997) and is registered in the NCBI database as GenBank accession NC_000913.3 It corresponds to the complementary sequence of sequence 2,814,883 to 2,816,439 in the genome sequence.
- the base sequence of gshA gene of MG1655 strain is shown in SEQ ID NO: 1.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the same gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- wild-type GSHA may be a protein encoded by a gene having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 1, for example.
- the wild type GSHA may be a protein having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, for example.
- the expression “having an (amino acid or base) sequence” includes the case of “including the (amino acid or base) sequence” and the case of “consisting of the (amino acid or base) sequence”.
- the wild-type GSHA may be a variant of the wild-type GSHA exemplified above (GSHA of Escherichia coli such as a protein having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2) as long as it does not have a “specific mutation”. That is, the wild-type GSHA may have other mutations unless it has a “specific mutation”.
- Examples of the variant include homologues of the wild type GSHA exemplified above and artificially modified forms.
- Examples of the GSHA homologue of Escherichia coli include GSHA homologues of other microorganisms that are similar in structure to the GSHA of Escherichia coli.
- GSHA homologs of other microorganisms examples include GSHA homologs of bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia bacteria, Enterobacter bacteria, Pantoea bacteria, etc. .
- GSHA homologues of other microorganisms can be obtained from a public database by, for example, BLAST search or FASTA search using the amino acid sequence of the wild type GSHA exemplified above as a query sequence.
- Wild-type GSHA may usually be a protein having ⁇ -glutamylcysteine synthetase activity.
- wild-type GSHA is ⁇ -glutamylcysteine synthetase activity, ⁇ -glutamylvaline synthase activity, ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthesis as long as the corresponding mutant GSHA has ⁇ -glutamylvaline synthase activity. It may have enzymatic activity, or any combination thereof, and none of them.
- wild type GSHA has a “specific mutation”, substitution or deletion of one or several amino acids at one or several positions in the amino acid sequence of the wild type GSHA (for example, SEQ ID NO: 2) Or a protein having an amino acid sequence containing an insertion or addition.
- “One or several” amino acid residues vary depending on the position of the protein in the three-dimensional structure of the protein and the type of amino acid residue, but specifically, preferably 1 to 20, more preferably 1 to 10, More preferably, it means 1 to 5, particularly preferably 1 to 3.
- substitution, deletion, insertion, or addition of one or several amino acids described above is preferably a conservative mutation that maintains the protein function normally.
- a typical conservative mutation is a conservative substitution.
- Conservative substitution is a polar amino acid between Phe, Trp, and Tyr when the substitution site is an aromatic amino acid, and between Leu, Ile, and Val when the substitution site is a hydrophobic amino acid. In this case, between Gln and Asn, when it is a basic amino acid, between Lys, Arg, and His, when it is an acidic amino acid, between Asp and Glu, when it is an amino acid having a hydroxyl group Is a mutation that substitutes between Ser and Thr.
- substitutions considered as conservative substitutions include substitution from Ala to Ser or Thr, substitution from Arg to Gln, His or Lys, substitution from Asn to Glu, Gln, Lys, His or Asp, Asp to Asn, Glu or Gln, Cys to Ser or Ala, Gln to Asn, Glu, Lys, His, Asp or Arg, Glu to Gly, Asn, Gln, Lys or Asp Substitution, Gly to Pro substitution, His to Asn, Lys, Gln, Arg or Tyr substitution, Ile to Leu, Met, Val or Phe substitution, Leu to Ile, Met, Val or Phe substitution, Substitution from Lys to Asn, Glu, Gln, His or Arg, substitution from Met to Ile, Leu, Val or Phe, substitution from Phe to Trp, Tyr, Met, Ile or Leu, Ser to Thr or Ala Substitution, substitution from Trp to Phe or Tyr, substitution
- amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions, additions, or inversions as described above include naturally occurring mutations (mutants or variants) such as those based on individual differences or species differences of the microorganism from which the gene is derived. Also included by mutations (mutants or variants) such as those based on individual differences or species differences of the microorganism from which the gene is derived. Also included by mutations (mutants or variants) such as those based on individual differences or species differences of the microorganism from which the gene is derived. Also included by
- wild-type GSHA has 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95%, relative to the amino acid sequence of wild-type GSHA (eg, SEQ ID NO: 2), unless it has a “specific mutation”. As described above, it may be a protein having homology of 97% or more, particularly preferably 99% or more. In the present specification, “homology” may refer to “identity”.
- the wild-type GSHA is a probe that can be prepared from the base sequence (eg, SEQ ID NO: 1) of the wild-type gshA gene, for example, the base sequence (eg, sequence) of the wild-type gshA gene, unless it has a “specific mutation”. It may be a protein encoded by a DNA that can hybridize under stringent conditions with a probe having a complementary sequence to all or part of No. 1). Such a probe can be prepared by PCR using an oligonucleotide prepared on the basis of a known wild-type gshA gene sequence as a primer and a DNA fragment containing the base sequence of the wild-type gshA gene as a template.
- Stringent conditions refer to conditions under which so-called specific hybrids are formed and non-specific hybrids are not formed.
- highly homologous DNAs for example, 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, more preferably 97%, particularly preferably 99% or more DNAs having homology.
- Conditions that hybridize and DNAs having lower homology do not hybridize with each other, for example, 60 ° C., 1 ⁇ SSC, 0.1% SDS, preferably 60 ° C., 0.1 ⁇ SSC, which are washing conditions for normal Southern hybridization And 0.1% SDS, more preferably 68 ° C., 0.1 ⁇ SSC, and a salt concentration and temperature corresponding to 0.1% SDS, and conditions for washing once, preferably 2 to 3 times.
- hybridization washing conditions include 50 ° C., 2 ⁇ SSC, and 0.1% SDS.
- a person skilled in the art can appropriately set various conditions such as salt concentration and temperature to realize stringency equivalent to the stringency of hybridization exemplified above.
- the wild type gshA gene may be a gene in which an arbitrary codon is replaced with an equivalent codon as long as it encodes wild type GSHA.
- the wild-type gshA gene may be modified so as to have an optimal codon according to the codon usage frequency of the host to be used. Specifically, for example, when the start codon is other than ATG, the start codon can be changed to ATG.
- Mutant GSHA has ⁇ -glutamylvaline synthase activity.
- the mutant GSHA may or may not have an activity to produce ⁇ -glutamyl dipeptide other than ⁇ -glutamyl valine as long as it has ⁇ -glutamyl valine synthase activity. That is, for example, mutant GSHA may or may not have ⁇ -glutamylcysteine synthetase activity. For example, the mutant GSHA may or may not have ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity. The mutant GSHA preferably has no ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity.
- Mutant GSHA has a “specific mutation” described later in the amino acid sequence of wild-type GSHA.
- the mutant GSHA may be a protein having a “specific mutation” in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the mutant GSHA has a “specific mutation” in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2, and further substitution or deletion of one or several amino acids other than the “specific mutation” It may be a protein having an amino acid sequence including insertion or addition and having ⁇ -glutamyl valine synthase activity.
- the mutant GSHA may be a protein having the same amino acid sequence as the wild-type GSHA except that it has a “specific mutation”.
- the mutant GSHA may be a protein having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 except that it has a “specific mutation”.
- a mutant GSHA has an amino acid sequence including substitution, deletion, insertion, or addition of one or several amino acids in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 except that it has a “specific mutation”.
- a protein having ⁇ -glutamyl valine synthase activity is also known as a mutant GSHA.
- mutant GSHA has 80% or more, preferably 90% or more, more preferably 95% or more, more preferably, relative to the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 except that it has “specific mutation”. It may be a protein having an amino acid sequence having homology of 97% or more, particularly preferably 99% or more, and having ⁇ -glutamylvaline synthase activity.
- the mutant GSHA may be a fusion protein with another peptide.
- the “other peptide” is not particularly limited as long as the mutant GSHA has ⁇ -glutamylvaline synthase activity. “Other peptides” can be appropriately selected depending on various conditions such as the purpose of use. Examples of “other peptides” include peptide tags, signal peptides, and protease recognition sequences. The “other peptide” may be linked to, for example, the N-terminus or C-terminus of the mutant GSHA, or both. As the “other peptide”, one type of peptide may be used, or two or more types of peptides may be used in combination.
- Specific peptide tags include His tags, FLAG tags, GST tags, Myc tags, MBP (maltose binding protein), CBP (cellulose binding protein), TRX (Thioredoxin), GFP (green fluorescent protein), HRP (horseradish) peroxidase), ALP (Alkaline Phosphatase), and antibody Fc region.
- His tag is a 6xHis tag.
- the peptide tag can be used, for example, for detection and purification of the expressed mutant GSHA.
- the signal peptide is not particularly limited as long as it functions in a host that expresses mutant GSHA.
- Examples of the signal peptide include a signal peptide recognized by the Sec-type secretory pathway and a signal peptide recognized by the Tat-type secretory pathway.
- Specific examples of signal peptides recognized by the Tat secretion pathway include the TorA signal sequence of E. coli, the SufI signal sequence of E. coli, the PhoD signal sequence of Bacillus subtilis, the LipA signal sequence of Bacillus subtilis, and Arthrobacter globiformis.
- An IMD signal sequence is mentioned (WO2013 / 118544).
- the signal peptide can be used for secretory production of mutant GSHA, for example. When secretory production of mutant GSHA is performed using a signal peptide, the signal peptide is cleaved during secretion, and mutant GSHA without the signal peptide can be secreted outside the cell.
- protease recognition sequence examples include Factor Xa protease recognition sequence and proTEV protease recognition sequence.
- the protease recognition sequence can be used, for example, for cleavage of the expressed mutant GSHA. Specifically, for example, when expressing mutant GSHA as a fusion protein with a peptide tag, by introducing a protease recognition sequence into the junction between the mutant GSHA and the peptide tag, the protease is expressed from the expressed mutant GSHA. The peptide tag is cleaved using it, and the mutant GSHA without the peptide tag can be obtained.
- the mutant GSHA gene is not particularly limited as long as it encodes the above mutant GSHA.
- the term “gene” is not limited to DNA as long as it encodes a target protein, and may include any polynucleotide. That is, the “mutant GSHA gene” may mean any polynucleotide encoding the mutant GSHA.
- the mutant GSHA gene may be DNA, RNA, or a combination thereof.
- the mutant GSHA gene may be single-stranded or double-stranded.
- the ⁇ -glutamyl valine synthase gene may be single-stranded DNA or single-stranded RNA.
- the mutant GSHA gene may be double-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, or a hybrid strand composed of a DNA strand and an RNA strand.
- the mutant GSHA gene may contain both DNA residues and RNA residues in a single polynucleotide chain, the mutant GSHA gene contains RNA. May be appropriately read according to RNA.
- the mode of the mutant GSHA gene can be appropriately selected according to various conditions such as the mode of use.
- “Specific mutation” refers to a mutation that, when introduced into wild-type GSHA, imparts properties suitable for the production of ⁇ -glutamylvaline to wild-type GSHA. That is, the mutant GSHA has a “specific mutation” and thus has a property suitable for the production of ⁇ -glutamylvaline compared to the wild-type GSHA.
- Properties suitable for the production of ⁇ -glutamyl valine include, for example, increased ⁇ -glutamyl valine synthase activity (specific activity), decreased ⁇ -glutamyl glycine synthase activity (specific activity), and ⁇ -glutamyl glycine synthase activity. Examples thereof include an increase in the ratio of ⁇ -glutamylvaline synthase activity (specific activity) to (specific activity), and combinations thereof.
- ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine When ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine is produced in a single reaction system using GSHA, glutathione synthase and Glu, Val, Gly as raw materials, ⁇ -glutamylvaline is used as an intermediate. When glycine is by-produced, the yield of the target ⁇ -glutamyl valylglycine decreases. Therefore, in particular, a mutant GSHA with an improved ratio of ⁇ -glutamylvaline synthase activity to ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity was created and used for the production of ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine. It is expected that the yield of ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine produced as a product will be improved. In addition, it is expected that the production of ⁇ -glutamylglycine as a byproduct and the production of other compounds produced via ⁇ -glutamylglycine can be reduced.
- the ratio of ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity (specific activity) to ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity (specific activity) is, for example, 0.1 or more, 0.2 or more, 0.5 or more, It may be 0.7 or more, 1.0 or more, 5.0 or more, 10 or more, or 20 or more.
- the ratio of ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity (specific activity) to ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity (specific activity) is, for example, 10 million or less, 1 million or less, 100,000 or less, 1 It may be 10,000 or less, 1000 or less, or 100 or less.
- the specific activity ratio can be calculated by measuring ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity and ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity under the conditions described in Example 7.
- Specific activity measurement conditions are as follows. ⁇ - Guru Tamil valine synthetase activity of the mutant GSHA, for example, a reaction solution composition 10 mM Glu, 10 mM Val, 10 mM ATP, 10 mM MgS0 4, 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 9.0), the reaction The measurement can be carried out using an appropriate amount of mutant GSHA at a temperature of 30 ° C. and a reaction time of 1 to 30 minutes.
- the enzyme activity that produces 1 ⁇ mol of ⁇ -Glu-Val per minute under these conditions is defined as 1 U of ⁇ -glutamyl valine synthase activity.
- a reaction solution composition 10mM Glu, 10 mM Gly, 10 mM ATP, 10 mM MgS0 4, 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer (pH 9.0) The measurement can be performed using an appropriate amount of mutant GSHA at a reaction temperature of 30 ° C. and a reaction time of 1 to 30 minutes.
- the enzyme activity that generates 1 ⁇ mol of ⁇ -Glu-Gly per minute under these conditions is defined as 1 U of ⁇ -glutamylglycine synthase activity.
- the ⁇ -glutamyl valine synthase activity (specific activity) is, for example, 1.1 times or more, 1.5 times or more, 2 times or more, 5 times or more, compared to the wild type GSHA. It may be increased by a factor of 20 or more.
- the ⁇ -glutamyl valine synthase activity (specific activity) can be measured by the method described above.
- Examples of the “specific mutation” include a mutation corresponding to a mutation in one or more amino acid residues selected from the following. L135, Q144, Y241, N243, Y300.
- the number indicates the position in the amino acid sequence of wild-type GSHA shown in SEQ ID NO: 2
- the letter to the left of the number indicates the amino acid residue at that position in the amino acid sequence of wild-type GSHA shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 (ie, before mutation) Amino acid residues; one letter code). That is, for example, “L135” indicates the Leu residue at position 135 in the amino acid sequence of wild-type GSHA shown in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the amino acid residue after substitution may be any amino acid residue other than the original amino acid residue, as long as the mutant GSHA has ⁇ -glutamyl valine synthase activity.
- the amino acid residues after substitution are K (Lys), R (Arg), H (His), A (Ala), V (Val), L (Leu), I (Ile), G ( Gly), S (Ser), T (Thr), P (Pro), F (Phe), W (Trp), Y (Tyr), C (Cys), M (Met), D (Asp), E ( Glu), N (Asn), and Q (Gln) include those other than the original amino acid residue.
- the “specific mutation” include a mutation corresponding to one or more mutations selected from the following. That is, the “specific mutation” may include a mutation corresponding to one or more mutations selected from the following.
- the “specific mutation” may be, for example, a mutation corresponding to any mutation selected from the following, or may be a mutation corresponding to a combination of two or more mutations selected from the following.
- the “specific mutation” is, for example, one or more mutations selected from the following and a mutation in one or more amino acid residues selected from other L135, Q144, Y241, N243, and Y300. It may be a mutation corresponding to a combination.
- L135 (I, F, M, V, G, A, W, K, H, R, C, N, S, T), Q144 (F, A, N, S, D, T, R, H, G, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I), Y241 (A), N243 (I, W, K, R, H), Y300 (A, H, R, K).
- the numbers and the meanings of the characters on the left side are the same as described above.
- the letter in parentheses on the right side of the number indicates the amino acid residue after mutation (indicated by one letter).
- L135 (I, F, M, V, G, A, W, K, H, R, C, N, S, T)” in the amino acid sequence of the wild type GSHA shown in SEQ ID NO: 2
- a mutation in which the Leu residue at position 135 is substituted with any one of the amino acid residues Ile, Phe, Met, Val, Gly, Ala, Trp, Lys, His, Arg, Cys, Asn, Ser, and Thr is shown.
- the amino acid after each mutation may be expressed without parentheses. That is, for example, “L135I” indicates a mutation in which the Leu residue at position 135 in the amino acid sequence of wild-type GSHA shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is replaced with an Ile residue.
- the combination of mutations is not particularly limited. Specific examples of combinations of mutations include the following combinations. L135I / Q144R, L135I / Q144D, L135I / Q144A, L135I / Q144L, L135I / N243W, L135I / N243F, L135F / Q144A, L135F / N243W, L135M / Q144R, L135M / Q144A, L135M / Q144L, L135M / N243W, L135M / N243W N243F, L135M / Q144H, L135M / Q144N, L135M / N243Y, L135M / N243R, L135M / N243C, L135V / Q144R, L135V / Q144D, L135V / Q144A, L135V / Q144L, L135V / Q144V
- L135 (I, M, V, G, A, K, H, C, N, S, T), Q144 (F, A, S, D, T, R, H, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I), N243 (R, H), Y300 (R, K), L135I / Q144R, L135I / Q144D, L135I / Q144A, L135I / Q144L, L135I / N243W, L135I / N243F, L135F / Q144A, L135M / Q144R, L135M / Q144A, L135M / Q144L, L135M / N243W, L135M / Q144H, L135M / Q144N, L1
- “mutation corresponding to the mutation of the amino acid residue at position n in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2” means the amino acid residue at position n in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. It means a mutation at the corresponding amino acid residue. That is, for example, “mutation corresponding to L135I” is a mutation in which the amino acid residue corresponding to the Leu residue at position 135 (L135) in the amino acid sequence of wild-type GSHA shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 is replaced with an Ile residue. Indicates.
- the “amino acid residue corresponding to L135” herein may be a Leu residue, but may not be a Leu residue.
- a mutation corresponding to L135I is not limited to a mutation in which the Leu residue is replaced with an Ile residue when the “amino acid residue corresponding to L135” is a Leu residue, If the ⁇ corresponding amino acid residue '' is a Lys, Arg, His, Ala, Val, Gly, Ser, Thr, Pro, Phe, Trp, Tyr, Cys, Met, Asp, Glu, Asn, or Gln residue Also included are mutations in which an amino acid residue is replaced with an Ile residue. The same applies to other mutations.
- amino acid residue corresponding to the amino acid residue at position n in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2 refers to the amino acid sequence of the target wild type GSHA and the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2 Means the amino acid residue corresponding to the n-th amino acid residue in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. That is, in the above mutation, the position of the amino acid residue does not necessarily indicate an absolute position in the amino acid sequence of wild-type GSHA, but indicates a relative position based on the amino acid sequence described in SEQ ID NO: 2. .
- the original n-position amino acid residue is counted from the N-terminal.
- the n-1th amino acid residue it is regarded as “the amino acid residue corresponding to the n-th amino acid residue in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2”.
- amino acid residue at position 100 in the amino acid sequence of a GSHA homolog of a certain microorganism corresponds to position 101 in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2
- amino acid residue in the GSHA homolog is “Amino acid residue corresponding to the amino acid residue at position 101 in the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 2”.
- Alignment can be performed using, for example, known gene analysis software.
- Specific gene analysis software includes DNA Solutions from Hitachi Solutions, GENETYX from GENETICS, and ClustalW published by DDBJ (Elizabeth C. Tyler et al., Computers and Biomedical Research, 24 (1), 72-96, 1991; Barton GJ et al., Journal of molecular biology, 198 (2), 327-37. 1987; Thompson JD et al., Nucleic acid Reseach, 22 (22), 4673-80. 1994).
- Mutant GSHA can be produced by expressing a mutant gshA gene in a host having the mutant gshA gene.
- a host having a mutant gshA gene can be obtained by introducing the mutant gshA gene into an appropriate host. “Introducing a mutant gshA gene into a host” includes modifying the gshA gene on the host chromosome so as to have a “specific mutation”.
- a host having a mutant gshA gene is also referred to as a host having a mutant GSHA.
- Mutant GSHA can also be produced by expressing a mutant gshA gene in a cell-free protein synthesis system.
- the mutant gshA gene can be obtained, for example, by modifying the wild type gshA gene so that the encoded GSHA has the above-mentioned “specific mutation”.
- the wild-type gshA gene to be modified can be obtained, for example, by cloning from an organism having the wild-type gshA gene or by chemical synthesis.
- a mutant gshA gene can also be obtained without using a wild-type gshA gene.
- the mutant gshA gene may be obtained directly by chemical synthesis or another mutant gshA gene may be obtained by further modifying the mutant gshA gene.
- the gene can be modified by a known method.
- a target mutation can be introduced into a target site of DNA by site-specific mutagenesis.
- site-directed mutagenesis a method using PCR (Higuchi, R., 61, in PCR technology, rlErlich, H. A. Eds., Stockton press (1989); Carter, P., ethMeth. In Enzymol., 154, 382 (1987)) and methods using phage (Kramer, W. and Frits, H. J., Meth. In Enzymol., 154, 350 (1987); Kunkel, T. A. et al., Meth In Enzymol., 154, 367 (1987)).
- the host is not particularly limited as long as it can express a functioning mutant GSHA.
- the host include bacteria, actinomycetes, yeast, fungi, plant cells, insect cells, and animal cells.
- Preferred hosts include microorganisms such as bacteria and yeast. More preferred hosts include bacteria.
- bacteria include gram negative bacteria and gram positive bacteria.
- Gram-negative bacteria include bacteria belonging to the family Enterobacteriaceae such as Escherichia bacteria, Enterobacter bacteria, Pantoea bacteria and the like.
- Gram-positive bacteria include coryneform bacteria such as Bacillus bacteria and Corynebacterium bacteria. Among them, Escherichia coli can be preferably used as the host.
- the method for introducing the mutant gshA gene into the host is not particularly limited.
- the mutant gshA gene only needs to be retained so that it can be expressed under the control of a promoter that functions in the host.
- the mutant gshA gene may be present on a vector that autonomously replicates outside the chromosome, such as a plasmid, or may be introduced on the chromosome.
- the host may have only one copy of the mutant gshA gene, or may have two or more copies.
- the host may have only one type of mutant gshA gene or may have two or more types of mutant gshA genes.
- the promoter for expressing the mutant gshA gene is not particularly limited as long as it functions in the host.
- the “promoter that functions in the host” refers to a promoter having promoter activity in the host.
- the promoter may be a host-derived promoter or a heterologous promoter.
- the promoter may be a native promoter of the gshA gene or a promoter of another gene.
- the promoter is preferably a stronger promoter than the native promoter of the gshA gene.
- strong promoters that function in Enterobacteriaceae bacteria such as Escherichia coli include, for example, T7 promoter, trp promoter, trc promoter, lac promoter, tac promoter, tet promoter, araBAD promoter, rpoH promoter, PR promoter, and PL promoter is mentioned.
- a strong promoter that functions in coryneform bacteria artificially redesigned P54-6 promoter (Appl. Microbiol.
- the activity of the promoter can be increased by bringing the ⁇ 35 and ⁇ 10 regions in the promoter region closer to the consensus sequence (WO 00/18935).
- the highly active promoter include various tac-like promoters (Katashkina JI et al. Russian Patent application 2006134574) and pnlp8 promoter (WO2010 / 027045). Methods for evaluating promoter strength and examples of strong promoters are described in Goldstein et al. (Prokaryotickpromoters in biotechnology. Biotechnol. Annu. Rev.,. 1, 105-128 (1995)).
- a terminator for termination of transcription can be arranged downstream of the mutant gshA gene.
- the terminator is not particularly limited as long as it functions in the host.
- the terminator may be a host-derived terminator or a heterologous terminator.
- the terminator may be a specific terminator of the gshA gene or a terminator of another gene. Specific examples of the terminator include T7 terminator, T4 terminator, fd phage terminator, tet terminator, and trpA terminator.
- the mutant gshA gene can be introduced into a host using, for example, a vector containing the gene.
- a vector containing a mutant gshA gene is also referred to as an expression vector or a recombinant vector of the mutant gshA gene.
- An expression vector for a mutant gshA gene can be constructed by, for example, ligating a DNA fragment containing the mutant gshA gene with a vector that functions in the host. By transforming the host with the expression vector of the mutant gshA gene, a transformant into which the vector has been introduced can be obtained, that is, the gene can be introduced into the host.
- a vector capable of autonomous replication in a host cell can be used.
- the vector is preferably a multicopy vector. Further, the vector preferably has a marker such as an antibiotic resistance gene in order to select a transformant. Moreover, the vector may be equipped with a promoter or terminator for expressing the inserted gene.
- the vector may be, for example, a vector derived from a bacterial plasmid, a vector derived from a yeast plasmid, a vector derived from a bacteriophage, a cosmid, or a phagemid.
- vectors capable of autonomous replication in bacteria of the Enterobacteriaceae family such as Escherichia coli, specifically, for example, pUC19, pUC18, pHSG299, pHSG399, pHSG398, pBR322, pSTV29 (all available from Takara Bio Inc.), pACYC184, pMW219 (Nippon Gene), pTrc99A (Pharmacia), pPROK vector (Clontech), pKK233-2 (Clontech), pET vector (Novagen), pQE vector (Qiagen), pACYC, Hiroshi
- the host range vector RSF1010 can be mentioned.
- vectors capable of autonomous replication in coryneform bacteria include, for example, pHM1519 (Agric, Biol. Chem., 48, 2901-2903 (1984)); pAM330 (Agric. Biol. Chem., .48, 2901- 2903 (1984)); plasmids having improved drug resistance genes; plasmid pCRY30 described in JP-A-3-210184; plasmid pCRY21 described in JP-A-2-72876 and US Pat. No. 5,185,262.
- a mutant gshA gene containing a unique promoter region may be directly incorporated into the vector, and the mutant GSHA coding region is linked downstream of the promoter as described above and then incorporated into the vector. It may be incorporated, or the coding region of the mutant GSHA may be incorporated downstream of the promoter originally provided on the vector.
- the vectors, promoters, and terminators that can be used in various microorganisms are described in detail in, for example, “Basic Course of Microbiology 8, Genetic Engineering, Kyoritsu Shuppan, 1987”, and these can be used.
- mutant gshA gene can be introduced into the host chromosome, for example.
- Introduction of a gene into a chromosome can be performed, for example, using homologous recombination (Miller I, J. H. Experiments in Molecular Genetics, 1972, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory).
- homologous recombination examples include the Red-driven integration method (Datsenko, K. A, and Wanner, B. L. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U S A. 97).
- a transduction method using a phage Only one copy of the gene may be introduced, or two copies or more may be introduced.
- multiple copies of a gene can be introduced into a chromosome by performing homologous recombination with a sequence having multiple copies on the chromosome as a target. Examples of sequences having many copies on a chromosome include repetitive DNA sequences (inverted DNA) and inverted repeats present at both ends of a transposon.
- homologous recombination may be performed by targeting an appropriate sequence on a chromosome such as a gene unnecessary for production of the target substance.
- the gene can also be randomly introduced onto the chromosome using transposon or Mini-Mu (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2-109985, US Pat. No. 5,882,888, EP805867B1).
- a mutant gshA gene containing a unique promoter region may be incorporated into the chromosome as it is, and after coding the mutant GSHA coding region downstream of the above promoter. It may be incorporated into the chromosome, or the mutant GSHA coding region may be incorporated downstream of the promoter originally present on the chromosome.
- the introduction of a gene onto a chromosome can be attributed to, for example, Southern hybridization using a probe having a base sequence complementary to all or part of the gene, or a primer prepared based on the base sequence of the gene. Can be confirmed by PCR.
- the transformation method is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known method can be used.
- a transformation method for example, a method in which a recipient cell is treated with calcium chloride to increase DNA permeability as reported for Escherichia coli K-12 (Mandel, M. and Higa, A., J. Mol. Biol. 1970, 53, 159-162), as described for Bacillus subtilis, a method of preparing competent cells from cells at the growth stage and introducing DNA (Duncan, C. H. , Wilson, G. A. and Young, F. E .., 1997. Gene 1: 153-167).
- recombinant DNA is prepared by transforming DNA-receptive cells, such as those known for Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, and yeast, into a protoplast or spheroplast state that easily incorporates recombinant DNA.
- DNA-receptive cells such as those known for Bacillus subtilis, actinomycetes, and yeast
- a protoplast or spheroplast state that easily incorporates recombinant DNA.
- the host for expressing the mutant gshA gene may or may not have the wild-type gshA gene.
- the host for expressing the mutant gshA gene preferably does not have the wild type gshA gene.
- a host that does not have a wild type gshA gene can be obtained by disrupting the wild type gshA gene on the chromosome. A method for destroying the gene will be described later. For example, by replacing a wild-type gshA gene on a chromosome with a mutant gshA gene, a host having no wild-type gshA gene and having a mutant gshA gene can be obtained.
- the host for expressing the mutant gshA gene may be modified so that the activity of the protein involved in the degradation of ⁇ -glutamyl peptide is reduced.
- An example of a protein involved in the degradation of ⁇ -glutamyl peptide is ⁇ -glutamyltransferase (GGT).
- GGT ⁇ -glutamyltransferase
- the activity of GGT can be reduced by disrupting the ggt gene encoding GGT.
- the base sequence of the ggt gene of Escherichia coli and the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the same gene are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 5 and 6, respectively.
- Protein activity decreases means that the activity per cell of the protein is decreased compared to wild-type strains and parental unmodified strains, and the activity is completely lost. including. Specifically, “the activity of the protein is decreased” means that the number of molecules per cell of the protein is decreased and / or the function per molecule of the protein compared to the unmodified strain. Means that it is decreasing. In other words, “activity” in the case of “decrease in protein activity” means not only the catalytic activity of the protein but also the transcription amount (mRNA amount) or translation amount (protein amount) of the gene encoding the protein. May be. Note that “the number of molecules per cell of the protein is decreased” includes a case where the protein does not exist at all.
- the function per molecule of the protein is reduced includes the case where the function per molecule of the protein is completely lost.
- the activity of the protein is not particularly limited as long as it is lower than that of the non-modified strain. For example, it is 50% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, 5% or less, or 0, compared to the non-modified strain. %.
- the modification that reduces the activity of the protein is achieved, for example, by reducing the expression of a gene encoding the protein.
- Gene expression decreases means that the expression level of the gene per cell decreases as compared to an unmodified strain such as a wild strain or a parent strain. “Gene expression decreases” specifically means that the amount of gene transcription (mRNA amount) decreases and / or the amount of gene translation (protein amount) decreases. Good. “Gene expression decreases” includes the case where the gene is not expressed at all. In addition, “the expression of the gene is reduced” is also referred to as “the expression of the gene is weakened”. Gene expression may be reduced to, for example, 50% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, 5% or less, or 0% compared to an unmodified strain.
- the decrease in gene expression may be due to, for example, a decrease in transcription efficiency, a decrease in translation efficiency, or a combination thereof.
- gene expression can be reduced by altering expression regulatory sequences such as the promoter of the gene, Shine-Dalgarno (SD) sequence (also called ribosome binding site (RBS)), spacer region between RBS and start codon. Can be achieved.
- SD Shine-Dalgarno
- RBS ribosome binding site
- the expression control sequence is preferably modified by 1 base or more, more preferably 2 bases or more, particularly preferably 3 bases or more. Further, part or all of the expression regulatory sequence may be deleted.
- reduction of gene expression can be achieved, for example, by manipulating factors involved in expression control.
- Factors involved in expression control include small molecules (such as inducers and inhibitors) involved in transcription and translation control, proteins (such as transcription factors), nucleic acids (such as siRNA), and the like.
- reduction of gene expression can be achieved, for example, by introducing a mutation that reduces gene expression into the coding region of the gene.
- gene expression can be reduced by replacing codons in the coding region of the gene with synonymous codons that are used less frequently in the host.
- gene expression itself may be reduced by gene disruption as described below.
- the modification that decreases the activity of the protein can be achieved, for example, by destroying a gene encoding the protein. “Gene is disrupted” means that the gene is modified so that it does not produce a normally functioning protein. “Does not produce a protein that functions normally” includes the case where no protein is produced from the same gene, or the case where a protein whose function (activity or property) per molecule is reduced or lost is produced from the same gene. It is.
- Gene disruption can be achieved, for example, by deleting part or all of the coding region of the gene on the chromosome. Furthermore, the entire gene including the sequences before and after the gene on the chromosome may be deleted.
- the region to be deleted may be any region such as an N-terminal region, an internal region, or a C-terminal region as long as a decrease in protein activity can be achieved. Usually, the longer region to be deleted can surely inactivate the gene. Moreover, it is preferable that the reading frames of the sequences before and after the region to be deleted do not match.
- gene disruption is, for example, introducing an amino acid substitution (missense mutation) into a coding region of a gene on a chromosome, introducing a stop codon (nonsense mutation), or adding or deleting 1 to 2 bases. It can also be achieved by introducing a frameshift mutation (Journal of Biological Chemistry 272: 8611-8617 (1997), Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, USA 95 5511-5515 (1998), Journal of Biological Chemistry 26 116, 20833-20839 (1991)).
- gene disruption can be achieved, for example, by inserting another sequence into the coding region of the gene on the chromosome.
- the insertion site may be any region of the gene, but the longer the inserted sequence, the more reliably the gene can be inactivated.
- the other sequence is not particularly limited as long as it reduces or eliminates the activity of the encoded protein, and examples thereof include marker genes such as antibiotic resistance genes and genes useful for the production of target substances.
- Modifying a gene on a chromosome as described above includes, for example, deleting a partial sequence of the gene and preparing a deleted gene modified so as not to produce a normally functioning protein.
- the host is transformed with the recombinant DNA containing, and the homologous recombination is caused between the deletion type gene and the wild type gene on the chromosome, thereby replacing the wild type gene on the chromosome with the deletion type gene. Can be achieved.
- the recombinant DNA can be easily manipulated by including a marker gene in accordance with a trait such as auxotrophy of the host.
- the modification that reduces the activity of the protein may be performed by, for example, a mutation treatment.
- Mutation treatments include X-ray irradiation, UV irradiation, and N-methyl-N′-nitro-N-nitrosoguanidine (MNNG), ethylmethanesulfonate (EMS), and methylmethanesulfonate (MMS). ) And the like.
- all of the plurality of subunits may be modified or only a part may be modified as long as the activity of the protein decreases as a result. . That is, for example, all of a plurality of genes encoding these subunits may be destroyed, or only a part of them may be destroyed.
- all the activities of the plurality of isozymes may be reduced, or only a part of the activities may be reduced. That is, for example, all of a plurality of genes encoding these isozymes may be destroyed, or only a part of them may be destroyed.
- the decrease in the activity of the protein can be confirmed by measuring the activity of the protein.
- the decrease in protein activity can also be confirmed by confirming that the expression of the gene encoding the protein has decreased.
- the decrease in gene expression can be confirmed by confirming that the transcription amount of the gene has decreased, or confirming that the amount of protein expressed from the gene has decreased.
- the amount of transcription of the gene has been reduced by comparing the amount of mRNA transcribed from the same gene with that of the unmodified strain.
- methods for evaluating the amount of mRNA include Northern hybridization, RT-PCR, and the like (Molecular cloning (Cold spring spring Laboratory Laboratory, Cold spring Harbor (USA), 2001)).
- the amount of mRNA may be reduced to, for example, 50% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, 5% or less, or 0% compared to the unmodified strain.
- the amount of protein may be reduced to, for example, 50% or less, 20% or less, 10% or less, 5% or less, or 0% compared to the unmodified strain.
- the gene has been destroyed by determining part or all of the nucleotide sequence, restriction enzyme map, full length, etc. of the gene according to the means used for the destruction.
- the mutant GSHA can be expressed by culturing the host introduced with the mutant gshA gene obtained as described above.
- Host culture conditions and gene expression induction conditions may be appropriately selected according to various conditions such as marker type, promoter type, and host type.
- the medium used for the culture is not particularly limited as long as the host can proliferate and can express mutant GSHA.
- As the medium for example, a normal medium containing a carbon source, a nitrogen source, a sulfur source, inorganic ions, and other organic components as required can be used.
- Examples of the carbon source include sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, molasses and starch hydrolysates, alcohols such as glycerol and ethanol, and organic acids such as fumaric acid, citric acid and succinic acid.
- sugars such as glucose, fructose, sucrose, molasses and starch hydrolysates
- alcohols such as glycerol and ethanol
- organic acids such as fumaric acid, citric acid and succinic acid.
- Nitrogen sources include inorganic ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium phosphate, organic nitrogen such as soybean hydrolysate, ammonia gas, and aqueous ammonia.
- inorganic ammonium salts such as ammonium sulfate, ammonium chloride, and ammonium phosphate
- organic nitrogen such as soybean hydrolysate, ammonia gas, and aqueous ammonia.
- Sulfur sources include inorganic sulfur compounds such as sulfates, sulfites, sulfides, hyposulfites, thiosulfates,
- Inorganic ions include calcium ions, magnesium ions, manganese ions, potassium ions, iron ions, and phosphate ions.
- organic components include organic trace nutrient sources.
- organic micronutrients include required substances such as vitamin B1, yeast extract containing them, and the like.
- the culture temperature may be, for example, 20 ° C to 45 ° C, preferably 24 ° C to 45 ° C.
- the culture is preferably aeration culture.
- the oxygen concentration at that time may be adjusted to, for example, 5 to 50%, preferably about 10% of the saturated concentration.
- the pH during the culture is preferably 5-9.
- inorganic or organic acidic or alkaline substances such as calcium carbonate, ammonia gas, aqueous ammonia, etc. can be used for pH adjustment.
- the culture containing the mutant GSHA can be obtained by culturing preferably for about 10 to 120 hours under the above conditions.
- the mutant GSHA can accumulate, for example, in the host cell. “Cells” may be appropriately read as “cells” depending on the type of host. Depending on the host to be used and the design of the mutant gshA gene, the mutant GSHA can be accumulated in the periplasm or the mutant GSHA can be secreted and produced outside the cells.
- the mutant GSHA may be used as it is contained in the microbial cells or the like, or may be appropriately separated and purified from the microbial cells or the like and used as a crude enzyme fraction or a purified enzyme.
- mutant GSHA when mutant GSHA accumulates in the host cell, the mutant GSHA can be recovered by appropriately crushing, dissolving, or extracting the cell.
- the cells can be recovered from the culture by centrifugation or the like.
- Cell disruption, lysis, extraction or the like can be performed by a known method. Examples of such a method include ultrasonic crushing method, dynomill method, bead crushing, French press crushing, and lysozyme treatment. One of these methods may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in appropriate combination.
- the culture supernatant can be obtained by centrifugation or the like, and the mutant GSHA can be recovered from the culture supernatant.
- Mutant GSHA can be purified by a known method used for enzyme purification. Examples of such methods include ammonium sulfate fractionation, ion exchange chromatography, hydrophobic chromatography, affinity chromatography, gel filtration chromatography, and isoelectric point precipitation. One of these methods may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in appropriate combination. Mutant GSHA can be purified to a desired degree. For example, when a component involved in degradation of ⁇ -glutamyl peptide such as GGT coexists with mutant GSHA, it is preferable to remove such component.
- the purified mutant GSHA can be used as “mutant GSHA” in the method of the present invention.
- the mutant GSHA may be used in a free state, or may be used in the state of an immobilized enzyme immobilized on a solid phase such as a resin.
- any fraction containing mutant GSHA may be used as “mutant GSHA” in the method of the present invention.
- the fraction containing the mutant GSHA is not particularly limited as long as it is contained so that the mutant GSHA can act on Glu and Val.
- Such a fraction examples include a culture of a host having a mutant gshA gene (a host having a mutant GSHA), a microbial cell recovered from the same culture (cultured microbial cell), a crushed product of the microbial cell, Collected from lysates of the same cells, extracts of the same cells (cell-free extract), treated cells such as immobilized cells obtained by immobilizing the same cells with a carrier such as acrylamide or carrageenan, and the same culture Culture supernatants, partially purified products (crude products), and combinations thereof. Any of these fractions may be used alone or together with a purified mutant GSHA.
- Glutathione synthase and its production “Glutathione synthase” is usually composed of ⁇ -Glu-Cys, Gly and ATP as substrates and glutathione ( ⁇ -Glu-Cys-Gly) and ADP. It is known as an enzyme (EC 6.3.2.3) that has the activity of catalyzing the reaction that produces phosphoric acid. In the present invention, this activity is also referred to as “glutathione synthase activity”. In the present invention, glutathione synthase is also referred to as “GSHB”.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val, Gly, and ATP are used as substrates, and the activity of catalyzing the reaction to produce ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly, ADP, and phosphate is expressed as “ ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine synthase ( gamma-Glutamylvalylglycine synthethase) activity ”or“ ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly production activity ”.
- GSHB having ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine synthase activity is used. That is, in the present invention, “glutathione synthase (GSHB)” refers to a protein having ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine synthase activity.
- GSHB may or may not have an activity to produce ⁇ -glutamyltripeptide other than ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine as long as it has ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine synthase activity. . That is, for example, in the present invention, GSHB may or may not have glutathione synthetase activity.
- GSHB's ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine synthase activity can be determined by, for example, using a reaction solution composition of 12.5 mM ⁇ -Glu-Val, 12.5 mM Gly, 12.5 mM ATP, 12.5 mM MgS0 4 , 2 mM dithiothreitol, 100 mM Tris-HCl buffer.
- the solution (pH 8.0), the reaction temperature is 37 ° C., and the reaction time is 1 minute to 50 hours can be measured using an appropriate amount of GSHB.
- the enzyme activity that produces 1 ⁇ mol of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly in 1 minute under these conditions is defined as 1 U of ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine synthase activity.
- GSHB includes GshB protein encoded by Escherichia coli gshB gene (GSHB of Escherichia coli) and Gsh2 protein encoded by GSH2 gene of Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Saccharomyces cerevisiae HGS). ). GSHB also includes a mutant glutathione synthetase described in WO2013 / 054447.
- the base sequence of the gshB gene of Escherichia coli K-12 MG1655 strain corresponds to the sequence at positions 3,089,900 to 3,090,850 in the genome sequence registered in the NCBI database as GenBank accession NC_000913.3.
- the base sequence of the gshB gene of Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 strain is the same as that of the MG1655 strain.
- the base sequence of gshB gene of MG1655 strain (gshB gene of W3110 strain) is shown in SEQ ID NO: 3.
- the amino acid sequence of the protein encoded by the same gene is shown in SEQ ID NO: 4. That is, GSHB may be a protein encoded by a gene having the base sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 3, for example.
- GSHB may be a protein having the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NO: 4, for example.
- GSHB may have a tag sequence such as a His tag.
- GSHB may be a variant of the above GSHB as long as it has ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine synthase activity.
- the above description of the wild-type GSHA variants can be applied mutatis mutandis.
- GSHB can be produced by expressing a gshB gene in a host having a gene encoding GSHB (also referred to as “gshB gene”; however, including a gene having a gene name different from gshB such as GSH2 gene).
- the host having the gshB gene may be one obtained by introducing the gshB gene into an appropriate host, or may originally have the gshB gene.
- a host having the gshB gene is also referred to as a host having GSHB. Examples of the host originally having the gshB gene include microorganisms such as Escherichia coli having the gshB gene and Saccharomyces cerevisiae having the GSH2 gene.
- a host originally having a gshB gene may be modified to increase the expression of the gshB gene.
- Methods for increasing the expression of the gshB gene include increasing the copy number of the gshB gene and improving the transcription efficiency of the gshB gene.
- An increase in the copy number of the gshB gene can be achieved by introducing the gshB gene into the host.
- the above-described description regarding the introduction of the mutant gshA gene can be applied mutatis mutandis.
- the introduced gshB gene may be derived from the same species or from different species.
- Improvement of the transcription efficiency of the gshB gene can be achieved by replacing the promoter of the gshB gene with a stronger promoter.
- a stronger promoter a strong promoter as described above can be used.
- a host for expressing the gshB gene may be modified so that the activity of a protein involved in degradation of ⁇ -glutamyl peptide such as ⁇ -glutamyltransferase (GGT) is reduced.
- GSHB can also be produced by expressing the gshB gene in a cell-free protein synthesis system.
- GSHB mutant GSHA using a host into which the mutant gshA gene has been introduced
- the produced GSHB (purified GSHB or a fraction containing GSHB) can be used as “GSHB” in the method of the present invention.
- GSHB may be manufactured independently and may be manufactured collectively with the mutant GSHA.
- GSHB and mutant GSHA can be produced together by expressing them in a host having both gshB gene and mutant gshA gene.
- the present invention relates to a method for producing ⁇ -glutamylvalylglycine ( ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly)
- the present invention relates to a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val using mutant GSHA and ⁇ -Glu-Val using mutant GSHA.
- -Provide manufacturing methods for Gly These methods are collectively referred to as “the method of the present invention”.
- the present invention provides a method for enzymatically producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly using mutant GSHA. This method is also referred to as “a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly of the present invention (enzyme method)”.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val can be produced by reacting Glu and Val by using mutant GSHA. That is, the present invention provides a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val comprising (A) a step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val by allowing mutant GSHA to act on Glu and Val. This method is also referred to as “a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val of the present invention (enzyme method)”. The produced ⁇ -Glu-Val can be appropriately recovered from the reaction solution.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be produced using the generated ⁇ -Glu-Val as a raw material.
- a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly using ⁇ -Glu-Val as a raw material a method using glutathione synthetase (GSHB) is known (Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2012-85637). Specifically, by using GSHB, ⁇ -Glu-Val and Gly can be reacted to generate ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly. That is, one embodiment (also referred to as “first embodiment”) of the production method (enzyme method) of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly of the present invention is as follows. A step of generating Glu-Val, and (B) a step of generating ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly by allowing GSHB to act on ⁇ -Glu-Val and Gly generated in step (A). Glu-Val-Gly production method.
- the step (A) and the step (B) may be performed separately, or may be performed simultaneously in part or all of the periods. That is, for example, the step (A) and the step (B) may be started at the same time, or the step (B) may be started during or after the completion of the step (A).
- the step (A) and the step (B) can be started simultaneously.
- Step (B) can be started.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val generated in step (A) may be recovered, and step (B) may be performed using the recovered ⁇ -Glu-Val.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val may be used in step (B) after being appropriately subjected to treatments such as purification, dilution, concentration, drying and dissolution.
- process (A) of the manufacturing method (enzyme method) of (gamma) -Glu-Val of this invention can be implemented by the aspect similar to implementing the process (A) of a 1st aspect independently, for example.
- Glu, Val, and Gly can be reacted to produce ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly by using mutant GSHA and GSHB.
- another embodiment (also referred to as “second embodiment”) of the production method (enzyme method) of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly of the present invention includes (C) mutant GSHA and GSHB, Glu, Val, and A method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly, which comprises a step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly by acting on Gly.
- the mutant GSHA, GSHB, Glu, Val, and Gly are allowed to coexist in the reaction system so that the mutant GSHA and GSHB act together on Glu, Val, and Gly, and ⁇ -Glu -Val-Gly can be manufactured.
- the mutant GSHA and GSHB are also collectively referred to as “enzyme”.
- Glu, Val, and Gly are also collectively referred to as “amino acids”.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val and ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly are also collectively referred to as “peptides”.
- Glu, Val, Gly, and ⁇ -Glu-Val are also collectively referred to as “substrate”.
- the “substrate” may further include ATP unless otherwise specified.
- the reaction between an enzyme and the corresponding substrate is also called an “enzymatic reaction”.
- each enzyme used in the method of the present invention is as described above. That is, as each enzyme, for example, a purified enzyme, an arbitrary fraction containing the enzyme, or a combination thereof can be used. As each enzyme, one type of enzyme may be used, or two or more types of enzymes may be used in combination.
- amino acid a commercially available product may be used, and an amino acid produced and obtained as appropriate may be used.
- the production method of the amino acid is not particularly limited, and for example, a known method can be used.
- Amino acids can be produced, for example, by chemical synthesis, enzymatic reaction, or a combination thereof.
- An amino acid can be produced, for example, by culturing a microorganism capable of producing the amino acid and recovering the amino acid from the culture.
- a microorganism having an amino acid-producing ability for example, an amino acid-producing bacterium as described later can be used.
- an amino acid can be manufactured by collect
- amino acid a purified product purified to a desired level may be used, or a material containing the amino acid may be used.
- the material containing an amino acid is not particularly limited as long as it contains the amino acid in such a manner that the enzyme can act on the amino acid.
- Specific examples of the amino acid-containing material include, for example, a culture obtained by culturing a microorganism having the ability to produce the amino acid, a culture supernatant separated from the culture, and a cell isolated from the culture And processed products such as concentrates (concentrated liquids) and concentrated dry products.
- the amino acid and the peptide may be a free form, a salt thereof, or a mixture thereof. That is, the term “amino acid” may mean a free amino acid, a salt thereof, or a mixture thereof, unless otherwise specified.
- the term “peptide” may mean a free peptide, a salt thereof, or a mixture thereof, unless otherwise specified.
- the salt is not particularly limited as long as it is chemically acceptable.
- the salt of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly is a chemically acceptable edible salt. If there is no particular limitation.
- “chemically acceptable edible salt” specifically, for acidic groups such as carboxyl groups, ammonium salts, salts with alkali metals such as sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium, etc. Salts with alkaline earth metals, aluminum salts, zinc salts, salts with organic amines such as triethylamine, ethanolamine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, dicyclohexylamine, salts with basic amine acids such as arginine and lysine Can be mentioned.
- acidic groups such as carboxyl groups, ammonium salts, salts with alkali metals such as sodium and potassium, calcium and magnesium, etc. Salts with alkaline earth metals, aluminum salts, zinc salts, salts with organic amines such as triethylamine, ethanolamine, morpholine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, piperazine, dicyclohexylamine, salts with basic amine acids such as arginine and lysine
- a “chemically acceptable edible salt” specifically, for a basic group, for example, with an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, etc. Salt, acetic acid, citric acid, benzoic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, tartaric acid, succinic acid, tannic acid, butyric acid, hibenzic acid, pamoic acid, enanthic acid, decanoic acid, teocric acid, salicylic acid, lactic acid, oxalic acid, mandelic acid And salts with organic carboxylic acids such as malic acid and salts with organic sulfonic acids such as methanesulfonic acid, benzenesulfonic acid and p-toluenesulfonic acid.
- an inorganic acid such as hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, hydrobromic acid, etc. Salt, ace
- the enzyme reaction may be carried out in a batch type or a column type.
- the enzyme reaction can be carried out by mixing the enzyme and the substrate in the reaction solution in the reaction vessel.
- the enzyme reaction may be performed by standing or may be performed with stirring.
- the enzyme reaction can be carried out by passing a reaction solution containing a substrate through a column filled with immobilized cells or immobilized enzyme.
- the reaction solution water, a buffer solution or the like containing necessary components can be used.
- the reaction solution may contain, for example, an enzyme, a substrate, ATP, and a divalent metal ion.
- the combination of components used for the enzyme reaction can be appropriately selected according to the type of process to be performed and the embodiment thereof (whether a plurality of processes are performed simultaneously).
- Both mutant GSHA and GSHB use ATP for enzymatic reactions. Therefore, ATP is appropriately supplied to the reaction system. That is, the reaction system (reaction solution) may contain ATP. Any of the steps (A) to (C) can be carried out in the presence of ATP.
- the method for supplying ATP is not particularly limited as long as ATP can be used for the enzymatic reaction. ATP can be added to the reaction solution in any form such as powder or aqueous solution. ATP may be supplied to the reaction system by, for example, a method for generating or regenerating ATP.
- a method of generating or regenerating ATP As a method of generating or regenerating ATP, a method of supplying ATP from a carbon source using Corynebacterium bacteria (Hori, H et al., Appl.lMicrobiol. Biotechnol. 48 (6): 693-698 ( 1997)), ATP regeneration using yeast cells and glucose (Yamamoto, S et al., Biosci. Biotechnol. Biochem. 69 (4): 784-789 (2005)), phosphoenolpyruvate and Regenerating ATP using pyruvate kinase (C. (Aug'e and Ch. Gautheron, Tetrahedron Lett.
- mutant GSHA usually requires a divalent metal ion for an enzymatic reaction. Therefore, the reaction system (reaction solution) may contain a divalent metal ion. Any of the steps (A) to (C) can be carried out in the presence of a divalent metal ion.
- Preferred divalent metal ions include Mg 2+ and Mn 2+ .
- the concentration of the divalent metal ion may be, for example, 1 to 200 mM.
- Reaction conditions are not particularly limited as long as ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly is produced.
- the pH of the reaction solution may be, for example, usually 6.0 to 10.0, preferably 6.5 to 9.0.
- the reaction temperature may be, for example, usually 15 to 50 ° C., preferably 15 to 45 ° C., more preferably 20 to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time may be, for example, 5 minutes to 200 hours for each of the step (A) and the step (B) of the first aspect.
- the reaction time may be, for example, 5 minutes to 200 hours for the step (C) of the second embodiment.
- the flow rate of the reaction solution may be a rate such that the reaction time is within the range of the reaction time exemplified above.
- the concentration of each substrate in the reaction solution may be, for example, usually 0.1 to 2000 mM, preferably 1 to 2000 mM, more preferably 10 to 1000 mM.
- the molar ratio of each substrate in the first aspect is appropriately referred to the molar ratio of each substrate in the second aspect. May be.
- the amount of enzyme used can be set based on the enzyme activity, for example.
- the amount of the mutant GSHA used is generally 0.01 to 1000 ⁇ U, preferably 0.1 to 500 ⁇ U, more preferably, in terms of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity, for example, with respect to the total amount of 1 ⁇ mmol of Glu and Val. It may be 0.1-100 ⁇ U.
- the amount of GSHB used is, for example, converted to ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly production activity with respect to the total amount of 1 mmol of ⁇ -Glu-Val and Gly, Usually, it may be 0.01 to 1000 U, preferably 0.1 to 500 U, more preferably 0.1 to 100 U.
- the amount of GSHB used is, for example, ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly production activity with respect to a total amount of 1 ⁇ mmol of half of Glu, half of Val and total amount of Gly.
- the amount may be generally 0.01 to 1000 0.01U, preferably 0.1 to 500 U, more preferably 0.1 to 100 U.
- the amount of GSHB used in the first embodiment is appropriately referred to the amount of GSHB used in the second embodiment. Good.
- reaction conditions may be uniform from the start to the end of the enzyme reaction, or may change during the enzyme reaction. “The reaction conditions change in the course of the enzymatic reaction” includes not only that the reaction conditions change temporally but also that the reaction conditions change spatially. “Reaction conditions vary spatially” means that, for example, when a column-type enzyme reaction is performed, reaction conditions such as reaction temperature and enzyme concentration differ depending on the position on the flow path.
- a reaction solution containing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be obtained.
- the formation of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be confirmed by a known method used for detection or identification of a compound. Examples of such a method include HPLC, LC / MS, GC / MS, and NMR. One of these methods may be used alone, or two or more thereof may be used in appropriate combination.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be appropriately recovered from the reaction solution. The recovery of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be performed by a known method used for separation and purification of compounds.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly may contain components other than ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly, such as components and moisture used for the production of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly may be purified to a desired degree.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly is, for example, 30% (w / w) or more, 50% (w / w) or more, 70% (w / w) or more, 80% (w / w) or more, 90% ( It may be purified to a purity of w / w) or higher, or 95% (w / w) or higher. Further, ⁇ -Glu-Val can be recovered in the same manner as ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly.
- the present invention provides a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly by fermentation using mutant GSHA. This method is also referred to as “a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly of the present invention (fermentation method)”.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val can be fermented and produced from Glu and Val by using a microorganism having a mutant GSHA. That is, the present invention provides a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val, which comprises (A) a step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val from Glu and Val by culturing a microorganism having a mutant GSHA in a medium. This method is also referred to as “a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val of the present invention (fermentation method)”. The produced ⁇ -Glu-Val can be appropriately recovered from the culture.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be produced by fermentation from ⁇ -Glu-Val and Gly. That is, one embodiment (also referred to as “third embodiment”) of the production method (fermentation method) of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly of the present invention is (A) by culturing a microorganism having mutant GSHA in a medium. A step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val from Glu and Val, and (B) ⁇ -Glu-Val- from ⁇ -Glu-Val and Gly produced in step (A) by culturing a microorganism having GSHB in a medium. A method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly.
- the step (A) and the step (B) may be performed separately, or may be performed simultaneously during a part or all of the periods. That is, for example, the step (A) and the step (B) may be started at the same time, or the step (B) may be started during or after the completion of the step (A).
- the step (A) and the step (B) may be performed using a microorganism having a mutant GSHA and a microorganism having a GSHB that is different from the microorganism having the mutant GSHA. A single microorganism having both of these may be used.
- step (A) and step (B) can be performed simultaneously.
- the ⁇ -Glu-Val produced in the step (A) may be recovered, and the recovered ⁇ -Glu-Val may be added to the medium to perform the step (B).
- ⁇ -Glu-Val may be used in step (B) after being appropriately subjected to treatments such as purification, dilution, concentration, drying and dissolution.
- process (A) of the manufacturing method (fermentation method) of (gamma) -Glu-Val of this invention can be implemented by the aspect similar to implementing the process (A) of a 3rd aspect independently, for example.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be produced by fermentation from Glu, Val, and Gly by using a microorganism having both mutant GSHA and GSHB. That is, another embodiment (also referred to as “fourth embodiment”) of the production method (fermentation method) of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly of the present invention is (C) culturing a microorganism having mutant GSHA and GSHB in a medium. To produce ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly from Glu, Val, and Gly, thereby producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly.
- microorganisms having mutant GSHA, microorganisms having GSHB, and microorganisms having mutant GSHA and GSHB are also collectively referred to as “microorganisms”.
- each amino acid serving as a substrate is not particularly limited as long as the amino acid can be used in an enzyme reaction.
- each amino acid may be biosynthesized by a microorganism used in each step, added to a medium, or a combination thereof. That is, for example, all of Glu, Val, and Gly may be biosynthesized by microorganisms, and all of Glu, Val, and Gly may be added to the medium. Further, for example, one or two amino acids of Glu, Val, and Gly may be biosynthesized by a microorganism, and other amino acids may be added to the medium. Any of Glu, Val, and Gly may be biosynthesized by a microorganism and added to the medium.
- one embodiment of the production method (fermentation method) of ⁇ -Glu-Val of the present invention is, for example, (A1) by culturing a microorganism having a mutant GSHA in a medium containing Glu and Val.
- a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val comprising a step of producing Val, and (A2) culturing a microorganism having a mutant GSHA and capable of producing Glu and Val in a medium. It may be a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val including a step of generating ⁇ -Glu-Val.
- one aspect of the third aspect is, for example, a method for producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly including any one of (A1) and (A2) and (B1) and (B2). May be: (A1) A step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val by culturing a microorganism having a mutant GSHA in a medium containing Glu and Val; (A2) A step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val by culturing a microorganism having a mutant GSHA and capable of producing Glu and Val in a medium; (B1) A step of producing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly by culturing a microorganism having GSHB in a medium containing ⁇ -Glu-Val and Gly produced in step (A1) or (A2); (B2) By culturing a microorganism having GSHB and having the ability to produce Gly in a medium containing ⁇ -Glu-Val produced in step (A1) or (A2), ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly Generating.
- (C1) ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly is produced by culturing a microorganism having mutant GSHA and GSHB in a medium containing Glu, Val, and Gly. And (C2) culturing microorganisms having mutant GSHA and GSHB and capable of producing Glu, Val, and Gly in a medium. To produce ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly, thereby producing a ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly.
- the microorganism having the mutant GSHA the microorganism having the mutant gshA gene as described above can be used as it is or after being appropriately modified.
- the microorganism having GSHB the microorganism having the gshB gene as described above can be used as it is or after being appropriately modified.
- the microorganism having the mutant GSHA and GSHB the microorganism having both the mutant gshA gene and the gshB gene as described above can be used as they are or after being appropriately modified.
- the microorganism having an amino acid-producing ability may be one that originally has an amino acid-producing ability, or one that has been modified to have an amino acid-producing ability.
- a microorganism having an amino acid-producing ability can be obtained by imparting an amino acid-producing ability to a microorganism, or by enhancing the amino acid-producing ability of a microorganism. Either the provision or enhancement of enzyme production ability such as introduction of a mutant gshA gene and / or gshB gene and the provision or enhancement of amino acid production ability may be performed first.
- a microorganism having mutant GSHA and / or GSHB and having an amino acid-producing ability is obtained by modifying a microorganism having mutant GSHA and / or GSHB so as to have an amino acid-producing ability.
- a microorganism having an amino acid-producing ability may be obtained by modifying to have a mutant GSHA and / or GSHB.
- L-amino acid-producing ability can be imparted or enhanced by a method conventionally used for breeding amino acid-producing bacteria such as coryneform bacteria or Escherichia bacteria (Amino Acid Fermentation, Academic Publishing Center, Inc., 1986). (May 30, 1st edition issued, see pages 77-100).
- L-amino acid-producing ability can be imparted or enhanced by reducing the activity of an enzyme that catalyzes a reaction that branches from the biosynthetic pathway of the target L-amino acid to produce a compound other than the target L-amino acid. It can be carried out.
- an odhA-deficient strain obtained from Corynebacterium glutamicum (Brevibacterium lactofermentum) ATCC 13869 was introduced into a recombinant strain in which the mviN gene having a V197M mutation was introduced (JP 2010- 161970), Pantoea agglomerans strain AJ13355 (patent No.
- gltA citrate synthase
- Brevibacterium lactofermentum a gltA gene derived from Brevibacterium lactofermentum
- tyrosine residue at position 397 of glutamine synthetase is replaced with other amino acid residues
- Examples include bacteria belonging to the genus Escherichia having a substituted mutant glutamine synthetase (US Patent Application Publication No. 2003-0148474).
- L-valine-producing bacteria include Escherichia coli VL1970 strain (US Pat. No.
- Escherichia bacteria having a mutation that requires lipoic acid for growth and / or a mutation that lacks H + -ATPase
- a bacterium belonging to the genus Escherichia in which a DNA fragment containing the ilvGMEDA operon that expresses at least each gene of ilvG, ilvM, ilvE, and ilvD and does not express threonine deaminase activity has been introduced into cells (WO96 / 06926). That is, for example, amino acid-producing ability can be imparted or enhanced by introducing these modifications into a microorganism.
- the microorganism may be modified so that the ability to take in the amino acid added to the medium is improved.
- the microorganism may be modified so as to improve the ability to discharge the produced ⁇ -Glu-Val out of the microbial cell according to the utilization mode, and the ⁇ -Glu-Val added to the medium may be changed. It may be modified to improve the ability to capture.
- the microorganism may be modified so that the ability to discharge the produced ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly out of the cell body is improved.
- Culture conditions are not particularly limited as long as microorganisms can grow and ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly is produced.
- culture conditions reference can be made to the description of the culture conditions in the above-mentioned method for producing mutant GSHA.
- Both mutant GSHA and GSHB use ATP for enzymatic reactions. Therefore, ATP is appropriately supplied to the reaction system. That is, the reaction system may contain ATP. Any of the steps (A) to (C) can be carried out in the presence of ATP.
- the method for supplying ATP is not particularly limited as long as ATP can be used for the enzymatic reaction. ATP may be produced, for example, by a microorganism used in each step, or may be supplied to the reaction system by a method for producing or regenerating ATP as described above.
- a co-culture system such as a method in which a microorganism having an enhanced ATP regeneration system by normal energy metabolism or a microorganism having the ability to regenerate ATP by the action of polyphosphate kinase coexists in a culture solution ( JP-B-7-16431 and JP-B-6-69386) can be preferably used.
- mutant GSHA usually requires divalent metal ions for enzyme reaction. Therefore, the reaction system may contain a divalent metal ion. Any of the steps (A) to (C) can be carried out in the presence of a divalent metal ion.
- the amino acid When using a medium containing an amino acid, the amino acid may be contained in the medium from the beginning of the culture or may be added to the medium at any time during the culture.
- the timing of addition can be appropriately changed according to various conditions such as the culture time. As an example, it is preferably 0 to 50 hours before the end of the culture, more preferably 0.1 to 24 hours, and particularly preferably 0. .5-6 hours ago.
- the amino acid may be added once or multiple times, or may be added continuously.
- the concentration of each amino acid in the medium may be, for example, usually 0.1 to 2000 mM, preferably 1 to 2000 mM, more preferably 10 to 1000 mM.
- the description regarding the molar ratio of each substrate in the reaction liquid in an enzyme method may apply mutatis mutandis.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly By culturing in this way, a culture containing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be obtained. Generation of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be confirmed by a known technique used for detection or identification of a compound as described above. ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be appropriately recovered from the culture. As described above, ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be recovered by a known method used for separation and purification of compounds. In the case where L-amino acid accumulates in the microbial cells, for example, the microbial cells are crushed with ultrasonic waves, and the microbial cells are removed from the supernatant obtained by centrifugation to obtain ⁇ - Glu-Val-Gly can be recovered.
- the yeast when the microorganism is yeast and ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly accumulates in the microbial cells, the yeast can be used, for example, for producing a yeast extract containing ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly. That is, the present invention provides a method for producing a yeast extract containing ⁇ -Glu-Abu, which comprises preparing a yeast extract using the same yeast as a raw material. Preparation of yeast extract from yeast may be carried out in the same manner as normal yeast extract preparation.
- the yeast extract may be one obtained by treating a yeast cell extracted with hot water, or one obtained by digesting a yeast cell.
- the obtained yeast extract may be concentrated as needed, and may be dried and made into a powder form.
- Example 1 Construction of wild-type gshA gene expression plasmid
- plasmid pSH1391 carrying a gshA gene of Escherichia coli and a gshB gene of Escherichia coli (Suzuki, H., et al J. Bacteriol. 187: 5861-5867 (2005)) was used as a starting material, and an expression plasmid pTO1 of Escherichia coli wild-type gshA gene in which the start codon was replaced with ATG was constructed.
- pSH1391 Construction of pSH1391
- the plasmid construction method of pSH1391 is as follows. For the purpose of obtaining the gshA gene of Escherichia coli, primers of SEQ ID NOs: 7 and 8 were used using Pfu polymerase manufactured by Stratagene, using the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain (ATCC 47076) as a template (Table 1). ) was used to perform PCR. The approximately 2.4 kb fragment containing the gshA gene obtained by digesting the PCR product with PvuI / PstI and the approximately 4.2 kb fragment obtained by digesting pBR322 with PvuI / PstI were ligated.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 20 ⁇ g / mL tetracycline hydrochloride (Tc), and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- Tc tetracycline hydrochloride
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, and the plasmid having the target structure was named pFK68.
- primers of SEQ ID NOs: 9 and 10 were used using Pfu polymerase manufactured by Stratagene as a template with the genomic DNA of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain (ATCC 47076). PCR was performed using (Table 2). An approximately 1.5 kb fragment containing the gshB gene obtained by digesting the PCR product with HindIII / BamHI and an approximately 2.7 kb fragment obtained by digesting pUC18 with HindIII / BamHI were ligated.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 100 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin sodium (Amp), and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, and the plasmid having the target structure was named pFK63.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 20 ⁇ g / mL Tc, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, and the plasmid having the target structure was named pSH1388.
- a fragment containing about 7.8 kb gshA gene, gshB gene, and tetracycline resistance gene obtained by digesting pSH1388 with BanIII was dephosphorylated, and kUCAmycin obtained by treating pUC4K (Pharmacia) with AccI Ligated with a 1.2 kb fragment containing the resistance gene.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 30 ⁇ g / mL kanamycin sulfate (kan), and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, and a plasmid having a structure containing the kanamycin resistance gene and the tetracycline resistance gene in the same orientation was named pSH1391.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 100 ⁇ g / mL Amp, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, and the plasmid having the target structure was named pSH1559.
- PCR was performed according to The obtained PCR product was digested with DpnI, Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 100 ⁇ g / mL Amp, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a plasmid is extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, the nucleotide sequence is confirmed using ABI PRISM 310NT Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems), and the plasmid with the desired structure is named pSH1560 It was.
- PCR was performed according to the manufacturer's protocol.
- the obtained PCR product was digested with DpnI, Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 100 ⁇ g / mL Amp, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, the nucleotide sequence was confirmed, and the plasmid having the target structure was named pSH1561.
- a fragment containing about 4.9 kb ampicillin resistance gene obtained by digesting pSH1561 with EcoRV / BglII and pSH1559 A fragment of about 1.1 kb obtained by digesting EcoRV / BglII was ligated.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 100 ⁇ g / mL Amp, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, the nucleotide sequence was confirmed, and the plasmid having the target structure was named pSH1694.
- a fragment containing about 5.5 kb kanamycin resistance gene obtained by digesting pSH1391 with AatII / BglII and pSH1694 An about 3.6 kb fragment obtained by digesting AatII / BglII was ligated.
- Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 30 ⁇ g / mL Kan, and then cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, the nucleotide sequence was confirmed, and the plasmid having the target structure was named pSH1695.
- Example 2 Construction of mutant gshA gene expression plasmids
- expression plasmids of various mutant gshA genes were constructed based on pTO1.
- mutant gshA gene constructed in Example 1 using Toyobo's KOD-plus polymerase and according to the manufacturer's protocol, using primers (SEQ ID NOs: 15 to 26) corresponding to various mutant gshA genes.
- PCR was performed using the prepared pTO1 as a template.
- Table 5 shows the relationship between each mutation and the primer. In the table, the underlined portion corresponds to the amino acid residue into which the mutation is introduced.
- the obtained PCR product was digested with DpnI, Escherichia coli DH5 ⁇ strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 30 ⁇ g / mL Kan, and cultured at 37 ° C. for 18 hours.
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, the nucleotide sequence was confirmed, and a plasmid having the target structure was obtained as an expression plasmid for the mutant gshA gene.
- Table 5 shows the relationship between each mutation and the plasmid.
- the start codon of the gshA gene which Escherichia coli originally has is TTG, since it is substituted with ATG in pTO1, the start codon of the mutant gshA gene in the expression plasmid of each mutant gshA gene is also ATG.
- Escherichia coli SI97 strain was transformed with each mutant gshA gene expression plasmid, and the strains shown in Table 5 were obtained. It was. Similarly, the Escherichia coli SI97 strain was transformed with the wild-type gshA gene expression plasmid pTO1 to obtain the TO22 strain.
- Escherichia coli strain SI97 is a strain lacking the ggt gene and gshA gene of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain (Suzuki, H., et al J. Bacteriol. 187: 5861-5867 (2005)).
- Escherichia coli strain SI97 By using Escherichia coli strain SI97 as a host, the influence of the gene product of the gshA gene originally possessed by Escherichia coli is eliminated when measuring enzyme activity. In addition, by using Escherichia coli strain SI97 as a host, when measuring enzyme activity, an enzyme reaction product containing a peptide having a ⁇ -glutamyl bond is converted into an enzyme by the ggt gene product contained in the cell-free extract. The effects of automatic decomposition are eliminated.
- Example 3 Evaluation of ⁇ -glutamyldipeptide production activity of mutant GSHA
- Each strain obtained in Example 2 was inoculated into 10 mL of LB medium containing 30 ⁇ g / mL Kan at 37 ° C, 120 round-trips / min.
- a preculture was prepared by overnight shaking culture. The turbidity (600 nm) of the obtained preculture was measured, and the preculture was added to 100 mL of LB medium containing 30 ⁇ g / mL Kan placed in a 500 mL Erlenmeyer flask so that the initial turbidity was 0.1. Was inoculated. After culturing overnight at 37 ° C.
- the cells were collected by centrifugation (4 ° C., 8,000 rpm, 5 minutes).
- the cells obtained as a precipitate were suspended in 5 mL of Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) and centrifuged again (4 ° C., 8,000 rpm, 5 minutes) to wash the cells.
- the cells obtained as a precipitate were suspended again in 3 mL of Tris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0), and subjected to ultrasonic disruption (190 W, 5 minutes) while cooling with ice water.
- the disrupted solution was centrifuged (4 ° C., 8,000 rpm, 10 minutes), and the resulting supernatant was used as a cell-free extract.
- the enzyme activity was measured using a cell-free extract. As the enzyme activity, ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity and ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity were measured.
- the measurement conditions for ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity are as follows.
- the composition of the reaction mixture 25mM glutamic acid, 25mM valine, and 5mM ATP, 25mM MgS0 4, 20mM Tris-HCl buffer and (pH 8.0).
- the reaction volume was 1 mL, and the enzyme reaction was started by adding a cell-free extract.
- the reaction temperature was 37 ° C., and the reaction time was 0 to 120 minutes.
- 0.05 mL of 100 w / v% trichloroacetic acid was added to 0.5 mL of the reaction solution. After completion of the reaction, ⁇ -Glu-Val produced by HPLC was quantified.
- valine in the reaction solution was replaced with glycine, and the produced ⁇ -Glu-Gly was quantified.
- HPLC conditions are as follows. Shimadzu Shim-pack Amino-Na (particle size 5 microns, inner diameter 6 mm, length 100 mm) was used for the column. Buffer A (66.6 mM citric acid, 1% perchloric acid, 7% ethanol, pH 2.8) and buffer B (200 mM citric acid, 200 mM boric acid, 0.12N NaOH, pH 10) were used as eluents. The column temperature was 60 ° C and the flow rate was 0.6 mL / min.
- the gradient of the eluent is 0% to 9% buffer B: 0%, 9 to 13 minutes buffer B: 0 to 7%, 13 to 17.2 minutes buffer B: 7 to 8%, 17.2 to 20.8 minutes buffer B : 11%, 20.8-22 minutes buffer B: 50-58%, 22-28.8 minutes buffer B: 100%.
- Detection was performed using o-phthalaldehyde as a detection reagent at a fluorescence wavelength of 450 nm and an excitation wavelength of 350 nm.
- the specific activity was calculated by quantifying the amount of ⁇ -Glu-Val and ⁇ -Glu-Gly produced by the above method.
- the results are shown in Table 6.
- ⁇ Reaction (A) '' is the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity
- ⁇ Reaction (B) '' is the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity
- ⁇ (B) / (A) '' The ratio of the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity to the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity is shown respectively.
- Example 4 Construction of wild-type gshA gene expression plasmid
- a gshA gene expression plasmid pSF12-EcGshA encoding the glutamic acid-cysteine ligase of Escherichia coli MG1655 (ATCC 47076) was constructed by the following procedure.
- the base sequence of the gshA gene and the amino acid sequence of GSHA encoded thereby are shown in SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2, respectively. Since the start codon of the same gene was TTG, the start codon was replaced with ATG in the construction of pSF12-EcGshA.
- GSHA is expressed in a form in which a His tag is added to the C-terminus.
- the pUC18-derived plasmid pSF12-ggt (WO2013 / 051685A1) containing the ggt gene encoding the ⁇ -glutamyl transpeptidase derived from Escherichia coli W3110 (ATCC 27325) and the rpoH promoter was digested with NdeI / PstI and QIAquick Gel Extraction Purification with Kit (manufactured by Qiagen) gave a fragment of about 3.1 kb.
- an about 3.0 kb fragment obtained by digesting pSF12-ggt with NdeI / PstI and an about 1.6 kb fragment obtained by PCR were prepared using an In-Fusion HD Cloning Kit (manufactured by Clontech).
- the fusion was performed according to the protocol.
- Escherichia coli JM109 strain was transformed with the reaction solution, LB agar medium (1.0% (w / v) peptone, 0.5% (w / v) yeast extract, 1.0%) containing 100 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin sodium (Amp) (W / v) NaCl, 1.5% (w / v) agar) and then cultured at 30 ° C. for 20 hours.
- a plasmid was extracted from the grown colonies of the transformant according to a known method, the nucleotide sequence was confirmed using 3130 Genetic Analyzer (Life Technologies), and the plasmid having the target structure was named pSF12-EcGshA .
- Example 5 Construction of a mutant gshA gene expression plasmid
- the Quik Change Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit (Stratagene) was used, and various mutant gshA genes were supported according to the manufacturer's protocol.
- PCR was performed using pSF12-EcGshA described in Example 4 as a template using the primers (SEQ ID NOs: 29 to 76).
- Table 8 shows the relationship between each mutation and the primer. In the table, sequences in uppercase letters correspond to amino acid residues into which mutations are introduced.
- Escherichia coli JM109 strain was transformed with the reaction solution, applied to an LB agar medium containing 100 ⁇ g / mL ampicillin sodium (Amp), and cultured at 30 ° C. for 20 hours. did.
- a plasmid is extracted from a colony of the transformant that has grown in accordance with a known method, and the nucleotide sequence is confirmed using 3130 Genetic Analyzer (manufactured by Life Technologies), and the plasmid having the target structure is transformed into the mutant gshA gene. Obtained as an expression plasmid.
- the plasmid into which each mutation was introduced was named by adding the form of each mutation to pSF12-EcGshA.
- a plasmid having a mutant gshA gene encoding a mutant GSHA having the Q144F mutation was named pSF12-EcGshA-Q144F.
- a mutation is further introduced in the same procedure to obtain a mutant gshA gene expression plasmid having a double mutation. Named.
- a plasmid having a mutant gshA gene encoding a mutant GSHA having a double mutation (L135M / Q144R) of L135M and Q144R is obtained.
- PSF12-EcGshA-L135M / Q144R is obtained by using pSF12-EcGshA-L135M as a template and further introducing the Q144R mutation.
- the start codon of the gshA gene originally possessed by Escherichia coli is TTG, but in pSF12-EcGshA, it is replaced by ATG, so the start codon of the mutant gshA gene in the expression plasmid of the mutant gshA gene is also ATG.
- GSHA is expressed in a form with a His tag added to the C terminus, so GSHA is also expressed in a form with a His tag added to the C terminus even by an expression plasmid of the mutant gshA gene.
- Example 6 Purification of wild-type and mutant GSHA derived from Escherichia coli MG1655 strain with His tag added to C-terminal Each strain obtained in Example 4 and Example 5 (JM109 strain having each gshA gene expression plasmid) Inoculate 3 mL of LB medium (1.0% (w / v) peptone, 0.5% (w / v) yeast extract, 1.0% (w / v) NaCl) containing 100 ⁇ g / mL Amp. A preculture was prepared by shaking culture for 20 hours at a minute.
- the cells obtained as a precipitate are suspended in 0.2 mL of buffer solution (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl, 10 mM imidazole, 15% glycerol) and subjected to ultrasonic crushing while cooling. The cells were crushed. The obtained cell disruption solution was centrifuged (4 ° C., 29,100 ⁇ g, 10 minutes), and the resulting supernatant was used as a cell-free extract.
- buffer solution (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl, 10 mM imidazole, 15% glycerol)
- the resulting cell-free extract was equilibrated with a buffer solution (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl, 10 mM mM imidazole, 15%% glycerol) in advance.
- the enzyme was eluted with elution buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl, 250 mM mM imidazole, 15% glycerol) to obtain an active fraction. This active fraction was used as purified GSHA in subsequent experiments.
- Example 7 Purification of Escherichia coli W3110 strain-derived GSHB with His tag added to the C-terminal Expression plasmid pET- encoding the glutathione synthetase of Escherichia coli W3110 strain (ATCC 27325) EcgshB was constructed by the method described in JP-A-2012-85637. Subsequently, Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) (manufactured by Life Technologies) was transformed with pET-EcgshB to obtain Escherichia coli BL21 (DE3) / pET-EcgshB.
- GSHB is expressed in a form in which a His tag is added to the C-terminus.
- This strain was cultured in the same manner as in JP 2012-85637. Bacteria are collected by centrifugation (12,000 ⁇ g, 10 minutes), washed with physiological saline (0.85% (w / v) NaCl), and then buffered (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0) The cell suspension was prepared using 300 mM NaCl, 10 M imidazole, 15% glycerol). The bacterial cell suspension was subjected to ultrasonic disruption to disrupt the bacterial cells, centrifuged (29,100 ⁇ g, 15 minutes), and the resulting supernatant was used as a cell-free extract.
- the obtained cell-free extract was applied to a HisTALON-5mL column (Clontech) equilibrated in advance with a buffer solution (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl, 10 mM mMimidazole, 15% glycerol).
- the enzyme was eluted with elution buffer (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl, 200 mM imidazole, 15% glycerol) to obtain an active fraction.
- the obtained active fraction was subjected to buffer exchange (20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl, 15% glycerol) using a PD-10 column (GE Healthcare) according to the manual.
- the enzyme solution after the buffer exchange was used as purified GSHB in subsequent experiments.
- Example 8 Production of ⁇ -glutamyldipeptide by each purified GSHA For each purified GSHA obtained in Example 6, ⁇ -Glu-Val synthetic activity and ⁇ -Glu-Gly synthetic activity were measured.
- the measurement conditions for ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity are as follows.
- the composition of the reaction mixture 10mM glutamic acid was 10mM valine, 10mM ATP, and 10mM MgS0 4, 100mM Tris-HCl (pH9.0).
- the reaction volume was 0.2 mL, and the enzyme reaction was started by adding purified enzyme. At this time, purified GSHA was added to the reaction solution so as to be 0.1 g / L.
- the reaction temperature was 30 ° C., and the reaction time was 30 minutes.
- 0.2 mL of 200 mM sulfuric acid was added to 0.2 mL of the reaction solution. After completion of the reaction, ⁇ -Glu-Val produced by HPLC was quantified.
- Quantitative conditions for ⁇ -Glu-Val are as follows.
- Phenomenex Synergi 4 ⁇ Hydro-RP 80A particle size 4 microns, inner diameter 4.6 mm, length 250 mm
- the eluent includes eluent A (50 mM sodium dihydrogen phosphate (pH 2.5, pH adjusted with phosphoric acid)) and eluent B (1: 1 (v / v) of eluent A and acetonitrile). Liquid) was mixed at a ratio of 93: 7 (v / v).
- the flow rate was 1.0 mL / min, the column temperature was 40 ° C., and the UV detection wavelength was 210 nm.
- valine in the reaction solution was replaced with glycine, and purified GSHA was added to the reaction solution so as to be 0.025 g / L, and an enzyme reaction was performed. After stopping the reaction by the above procedure, the produced ⁇ -Glu-Gly was quantified.
- Quantitative conditions for ⁇ -Glu-Gly are as follows.
- Inertsil® ODS-3 particle size: 5 microns, inner diameter: 4.6 mm, length: 250 mm
- Eluent C 100 mM potassium dihydrogen phosphate, 5 mM sodium octane sulfonate (pH 2.2, pH adjusted with phosphoric acid)
- the flow rate was 1.5 mL / min
- the column temperature was 40 ° C.
- the UV detection wavelength was 210 nm.
- the specific activity was calculated by quantifying the amount of ⁇ -Glu-Val and ⁇ -Glu-Gly produced by the above method.
- the results are shown in Table 9.
- ⁇ Reaction (A) '' is the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity
- ⁇ Reaction (B) '' is the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity
- ⁇ (B) / (A) '' The ratio of the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity to the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity is shown respectively.
- GSHA-WT indicates wild type GSHA.
- Example 9 Production of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly from amino acids using each purified GSHA and purified GSHB Using each purified GSHA obtained in Example 6 and purified GSHB obtained in Example 7, The production of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly (CAS 38837-70-6, also called Gluvalicine) was examined. The structural formula of ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly is shown in the following formula (I).
- the composition of the reaction mixture 10mM glutamic acid, 10mM valine was 10mM glycine, and 20 mM ATP, and 10mM MgS0 4, 100mM Tris-HCl (pH9.0).
- the amount of the reaction solution was 0.2 mL, and the purified GSHA was added to the reaction solution so that the concentration was 0.1 g / L and the purified GSHB was 0.05 g / L.
- the enzymatic reaction was started by adding purified GSHA.
- the reaction temperature was 30 ° C., and the reaction time was 24 hours. When stopping the reaction, 0.2 mL of 200 mM sulfuric acid was added to 0.2 mL of the reaction solution.
- Example 10 Obtaining purified GSHA derived from Escherichia coli MG1655 strain His-tagged at the C-terminus using a cell-free protein synthesis system Cell-free protein synthesis service (http: // www) Enzym. riken.jp/fees/external_fee_2013.html) was used to obtain purified enzymes of wild-type GSHA and mutant GSHA derived from Escherichia coli MG1655 (ATCC 47076) and used in the subsequent experiments. After protein synthesis, the eluted fraction obtained by affinity purification against Ni was used as a purified enzyme.
- a buffer 50 mM sodium phosphate buffer (pH 8.0), 10% glycerol, 300 mM imidazole, 300 mM NaCl, 1 mM DTT
- TTG the start codon was replaced with ATG during protein synthesis.
- Wild-type GSHA and mutant GSHA are expressed in a form in which 6 His residues are added to the C-terminus.
- the expression level improvement option of the cell-free protein synthesis service was used.
- Example 11 Production of ⁇ -glutamyldipeptide by each purified GSHA synthesized by cell-free protein synthesis system For each purified GSHA obtained in Example 10, ⁇ -Glu-Val synthesis activity and ⁇ -Glu-Gly synthesis activity was measured.
- the measurement conditions for ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity are as follows.
- the composition of the reaction mixture 10mM glutamic acid was 10mM valine, 10mM ATP, and 10mM MgS0 4, 100mM Tris-HCl (pH9.0).
- the reaction volume was 0.2 ml, and the enzyme reaction was started by adding purified enzyme. At this time, purified GSHA was added to the reaction solution so as to be 0.025 g / l.
- the reaction temperature was 30 ° C., and the reaction time was 60 minutes. When stopping the reaction, 0.2 ml of 200 mM sulfuric acid was added to 0.2 ml of the reaction solution. After the reaction was completed, the produced ⁇ -Glu-Val was quantified by the method described in Example 8.
- valine in the reaction solution was replaced with glycine, and an enzyme reaction was performed. After stopping the reaction by the above method, the produced ⁇ -Glu-Gly was quantified by the method described in Example 8.
- ⁇ Reaction (A) '' is the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity
- ⁇ Reaction (B) '' is the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity
- ⁇ (B) / (A) '' The ratio of the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity to the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity is shown respectively. As a result, it was confirmed that both had the same specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity and that of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity.
- ⁇ -Glu-Val production amount and ⁇ -Glu-Gly production amount of wild-type GHSA and mutant GSHA obtained in Example 10 were quantified by the above method, and the specific activity was calculated.
- the results are shown in Table 12.
- ⁇ Reaction (A) '' is the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity
- ⁇ Reaction (B) '' is the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity
- ⁇ (B) / (A) '' The ratio of the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Val production activity to the specific activity of ⁇ -Glu-Gly production activity is shown respectively.
- GSHA-WT indicates wild type GSHA.
- the mutant GSHA of the present invention catalyzes a ⁇ -Glu-Val production reaction by selectively using Val as a substrate. Therefore, according to the present invention, using the mutant GSHA of the present invention, ⁇ -Glu-Val can be efficiently produced from Glu and Val as raw materials, and ⁇ -Glu-Val and Gly as raw materials. ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be produced. Furthermore, according to the present invention, ⁇ -Glu-Val-Gly can be efficiently produced using Glu, Val, and Gly as raw materials using the mutant GSHA of the present invention.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 Nucleotide sequence of the wild-type gshA gene of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain
- SEQ ID NO: 2 Amino acid sequence of the wild-type GSHA protein of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain
- SEQ ID NO: 3 Base sequence of the gshB gene of Escherichia coli W3110 strain
- SEQ ID NO: 4 Amino acid sequence of GSHB protein of Escherichia coli W3110 strain
- SEQ ID NO: 5 Nucleotide sequence of ggt gene of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain
- SEQ ID NO: 6 Amino acid sequence of GGT protein of Escherichia coli MG1655 strain
- SEQ ID NOs: 7 to 106 Primer
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Abstract
Description
[1]
野生型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼにおいて下記より選ばれる1またはそれ以上のアミノ酸残基に相当するアミノ酸残基に変異を有し、且つ、γ-グルタミルバリン合成酵素活性を有する、変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
L135、Q144、Y241、N243、Y300。
[2]
前記変異が、下記より選ばれる1またはそれ以上の変異に相当する変異を含む、前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
L135(I, F, M, V, G, A, W, K, H, R, C, N, S, T)、
Q144(F, A, N, S, D, T, R, H, G, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I)、
Y241(A)、
N243(I, W, K, R, H)、
Y300(A, H, R, K)。
[3]
前記変異が、下記のいずれかの変異に相当する変異を含む、前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
L135I/Q144R、L135I/Q144D、L135I/Q144A、L135I/Q144L、L135I/N243W、L135I/N243F、L135F/Q144A、L135F/N243W、L135M/Q144R、L135M/Q144A、L135M/Q144L、L135M/N243W、L135M/N243F、L135M/Q144H、L135M/Q144N、L135M/N243Y、L135M/N243R、L135M/N243C、L135V/Q144R、L135V/Q144D、L135V/Q144A、L135V/Q144L、L135V/Q144V、L135V/Q144K、L135V/Q144C、L135V/Q144T、L135H/Q144R、L135G/Q144L、L135A/Q144L、L135V/N243W、L135V/N243F、L135V/N243P、Q144R/N243W、Q144R/N243F、Q144D/N243W、Q144D/N243F、Q144A/N243W、Q144A/N243F、Q144L/N243W、Q144L/N243F、L135M/Q144F、L135M/N243A、L135V/N243G、L135V/N243A、L135V/N243L、L135V/N243Y、L135V/N243K、L135V/N243R、L135V/N243H、L135V/N243D、L135V/N243E、L135V/N243C、L135V/N243Q、L135V/N243S、L135V/N243T、L135V/Q144I、L135V/Q144P、L135V/Q144W、L135V/Q144H、L135V/Q144E、L135V/Q144N、L135V/Q144S、L135K/Q144L、L135H/Q144L、L135D/Q144L、L135C/Q144L、L135Q/Q144L、L135N/Q144L、L135S/Q144L、L135T/Q144L。
[4]
前記変異が、下記のいずれかの変異に相当する変異を含む、前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
L135(I, M, V, G, A, K, H, C, N, S, T)、
Q144(F, A, S, D, T, R, H, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I)、
N243(R, H)、
Y300(R, K)、
L135I/Q144R、L135I/Q144D、L135I/Q144A、L135I/Q144L、L135I/N243W、L135I/N243F、L135F/Q144A、L135M/Q144R、L135M/Q144A、L135M/Q144L、L135M/N243W、L135M/Q144H、L135M/Q144N、L135M/N243C、L135V/Q144R、L135V/Q144D、L135V/Q144A、L135V/Q144L、L135V/Q144V、L135V/Q144K、L135V/Q144C、L135V/Q144T、L135H/Q144R、L135G/Q144L、L135A/Q144L、L135V/N243W、L135V/N243F、L135V/N243P、Q144R/N243W、Q144D/N243W、Q144A/N243W、Q144A/N243F、Q144L/N243W、Q144L/N243F、L135M/Q144F、L135M/N243A、L135V/N243G、L135V/N243A、L135V/N243L、L135V/N243Y、L135V/N243K、L135V/N243R、L135V/N243H、L135V/N243D、L135V/N243E、L135V/N243C、L135V/N243Q、L135V/N243S、L135V/N243T、L135V/Q144P、L135V/Q144W、L135V/Q144H、L135V/Q144E、L135V/Q144N、L135V/Q144S、L135D/Q144L、L135C/Q144L、L135N/Q144L、L135S/Q144L、L135T/Q144L。
[5]
前記野生型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼが、下記(a)、(b)、又は(c)に記載のタンパク質である、前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
(a)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質;
(b)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列において、1~10個のアミノ酸残基の置換、欠失、挿入、または付加を含むアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質;
(c)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列に対し90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質。
[6]
γ-グルタミルグリシン合成酵素活性に対するγ-グルタミルバリン合成酵素活性の比率が0.7以上である、前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ。
[7]
γ-グルタミルグリシン合成酵素活性に対するγ-グルタミルバリン合成酵素活性の比率が0.7以上である、変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ。
[8]
下記工程(A)を含む、γ-Glu-Valおよび/またはその塩の製造法:
(A)前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼをGluおよびValに作用させることによりγ-Glu-Valを生成する工程。
[9]
下記工程(A)および(B)を含む、γ-Glu-Val-Glyおよび/またはその塩の製造法:
(A)前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼをGluおよびValに作用させることによりγ-Glu-Valを生成する工程;および
(B)グルタチオン合成酵素を工程(A)で生成したγ-Glu-ValおよびGlyに作用させることによりγ-Glu-Val-Glyを生成する工程。
[10]
下記工程(C)を含む、γ-Glu-Val-Glyおよび/またはその塩の製造法:
(C)前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼおよびグルタチオン合成酵素を、Glu、Val、およびGlyに作用させることにより、γ-Glu-Val-Glyを生成する工程。
[11]
前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼが、精製酵素である、前記方法。
[12]
前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼが、固定化酵素である、前記方法。
[13]
前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼが、該酵素を有する微生物の培養物、培養菌体、または該菌体の処理物に含有されるものである、前記方法。
[14]
前記グルタチオン合成酵素が、該酵素を有する微生物の培養物、培養菌体、または該菌体の処理物に含有されるものである、前記方法。
[15]
前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼおよびグルタチオン合成酵素が、両酵素を有する微生物の培養物、培養菌体、または該菌体の処理物に含有されるものである、前記方法。
[16]
前記微生物が、γ-グルタミルトランスフェラーゼの活性が低下するように改変されている、前記方法。
[17]
前記微生物が、エシェリヒア・コリである、前記方法。
[18]
前記工程がATPの存在下で実施される、前記方法。
[19]
前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼをコードする遺伝子。
[20]
前記遺伝子を搭載するベクター。
[21]
前記遺伝子または前記ベクターを有する微生物。
[22]
γ-グルタミルトランスフェラーゼの活性が低下するように改変されている、前記微生物。
[23]
グルタチオン合成酵素をコードする遺伝子を有する、前記微生物。
[24]
エシェリヒア・コリである、前記微生物。
「グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ(glutamate-cysteine ligase)」は、通常、GluとCysとATPを基質として、γ-Glu-CysとADPとリン酸を生成する反応を触媒する活性を有する酵素(EC 6.3.2.2)として知られている。本発明において、同活性を、「γ-グルタミルシステイン合成酵素(gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase)活性」ともいう。本発明において、グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼを、「GSHA」ともいう。
L135、Q144、Y241、N243、Y300。
上記表記において、数字は配列番号2に示す野生型GSHAのアミノ酸配列における位置を、数字の左側の文字は配列番号2に示す野生型GSHAのアミノ酸配列における当該位置のアミノ酸残基(すなわち、変異前のアミノ酸残基;一文字表記)を、各々示す。すなわち、例えば、「L135」は、配列番号2に示す野生型GSHAのアミノ酸配列における135位のLeu残基を示す。
L135(I, F, M, V, G, A, W, K, H, R, C, N, S, T)、
Q144(F, A, N, S, D, T, R, H, G, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I)、
Y241(A)、
N243(I, W, K, R, H)、
Y300(A, H, R, K)。
上記表記において、数字およびその左側の文字の意味は前記と同様である。数字の右側のカッコ内の文字は、変異後のアミノ酸残基(一文字表記)を示す。すなわち、例えば、「L135(I, F, M, V, G, A, W, K, H, R, C, N, S, T)」は、配列番号2に示す野生型GSHAのアミノ酸配列における135位のLeu残基がIle、Phe、Met、Val、Gly、Ala、Trp、Lys、His、Arg、Cys、Asn、Ser、およびThrのいずれかのアミノ酸残基に置換される変異を示す。なお、各変異後のアミノ酸をカッコなしで表記してもよい。すなわち、例えば、「L135I」は、配列番号2に示す野生型GSHAのアミノ酸配列における135位のLeu残基がIle残基に置換される変異を示す。
L135I/Q144R、L135I/Q144D、L135I/Q144A、L135I/Q144L、L135I/N243W、L135I/N243F、L135F/Q144A、L135F/N243W、L135M/Q144R、L135M/Q144A、L135M/Q144L、L135M/N243W、L135M/N243F、L135M/Q144H、L135M/Q144N、L135M/N243Y、L135M/N243R、L135M/N243C、L135V/Q144R、L135V/Q144D、L135V/Q144A、L135V/Q144L、L135V/Q144V、L135V/Q144K、L135V/Q144C、L135V/Q144T、L135H/Q144R、L135G/Q144L、L135A/Q144L、L135V/N243W、L135V/N243F、L135V/N243P、Q144R/N243W、Q144R/N243F、Q144D/N243W、Q144D/N243F、Q144A/N243W、Q144A/N243F、Q144L/N243W、Q144L/N243F、L135M/Q144F、L135M/N243A、L135V/N243G、L135V/N243A、L135V/N243L、L135V/N243Y、L135V/N243K、L135V/N243R、L135V/N243H、L135V/N243D、L135V/N243E、L135V/N243C、L135V/N243Q、L135V/N243S、L135V/N243T、L135V/Q144I、L135V/Q144P、L135V/Q144W、L135V/Q144H、L135V/Q144E、L135V/Q144N、L135V/Q144S、L135K/Q144L、L135H/Q144L、L135D/Q144L、L135C/Q144L、L135Q/Q144L、L135N/Q144L、L135S/Q144L、L135T/Q144L。
上記表記において、数字、数字の左側の文字、および数字の右側の文字の意味は前記と同様である。また、上記表記において、「/」で区切られた2又はそれ以上の変異の併記は、二重変異又はそれ以上の多重変異を示す。すなわち、例えば、「L135I/Q144R」は、L135IとQ144Rの二重変異を示す。
L135(I, M, V, G, A, K, H, C, N, S, T)、
Q144(F, A, S, D, T, R, H, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I)、
N243(R, H)、
Y300(R, K)、
L135I/Q144R、L135I/Q144D、L135I/Q144A、L135I/Q144L、L135I/N243W、L135I/N243F、L135F/Q144A、L135M/Q144R、L135M/Q144A、L135M/Q144L、L135M/N243W、L135M/Q144H、L135M/Q144N、L135M/N243C、L135V/Q144R、L135V/Q144D、L135V/Q144A、L135V/Q144L、L135V/Q144V、L135V/Q144K、L135V/Q144C、L135V/Q144T、L135H/Q144R、L135G/Q144L、L135A/Q144L、L135V/N243W、L135V/N243F、L135V/N243P、Q144R/N243W、Q144D/N243W、Q144A/N243W、Q144A/N243F、Q144L/N243W、Q144L/N243F、L135M/Q144F、L135M/N243A、L135V/N243G、L135V/N243A、L135V/N243L、L135V/N243Y、L135V/N243K、L135V/N243R、L135V/N243H、L135V/N243D、L135V/N243E、L135V/N243C、L135V/N243Q、L135V/N243S、L135V/N243T、L135V/Q144P、L135V/Q144W、L135V/Q144H、L135V/Q144E、L135V/Q144N、L135V/Q144S、L135D/Q144L、L135C/Q144L、L135N/Q144L、L135S/Q144L、L135T/Q144L。
変異型GSHAは、変異型gshA遺伝子を有する宿主に変異型gshA遺伝子を発現させることにより製造できる。変異型gshA遺伝子を有する宿主は、変異型gshA遺伝子を適当な宿主に導入することにより取得できる。なお、「変異型gshA遺伝子を宿主に導入する」ことには、宿主の染色体上のgshA遺伝子を「特定の変異」を有するように改変することも含まれる。なお、変異型gshA遺伝子を有する宿主を、変異型GSHAを有する宿主ともいう。また、変異型GSHAは、変異型gshA遺伝子を無細胞タンパク質合成系で発現させることによっても製造できる。
「グルタチオン合成酵素(glutathione synthase)」は、通常、γ-Glu-CysとGlyとATPを基質として、グルタチオン(γ-Glu-Cys-Gly)とADPとリン酸を生成する反応を触媒する活性を有する酵素(EC 6.3.2.3)として知られている。本発明において、同活性を、「グルタチオン合成酵素活性」ともいう。本発明において、グルタチオン合成酵素を、「GSHB」ともいう。
本発明は、変異型GSHAを利用したγ-Glu-Valの製造法や変異型GSHAを利用したγ-Glu-Val-Glyの製造法を提供する。これらの方法を総称して、「本発明の方法」ともいう。
本発明は、変異型GSHAを利用してγ-Glu-Val-Glyを酵素的に製造する方法を提供する。同方法を、「本発明のγ-Glu-Val-Glyの製造法(酵素法)」ともいう。
本発明は、変異型GSHAを利用してγ-Glu-Val-Glyを発酵により製造する方法を提供する。同方法を、「本発明のγ-Glu-Val-Glyの製造法(発酵法)」ともいう。
(A1)変異型GSHAを有する微生物をGluおよびValを含有する培地で培養することによりγ-Glu-Valを生成する工程;
(A2)変異型GSHAを有し、且つ、GluおよびValの生産能を有する微生物を培地で培養することによりγ-Glu-Valを生成する工程;
(B1)GSHBを有する微生物を工程(A1)または(A2)で生成したγ-Glu-ValおよびGlyを含有する培地で培養することによりγ-Glu-Val-Glyを生成する工程;
(B2)GSHBを有し、且つ、Glyの生産能を有する微生物を工程(A1)または(A2)で生成したγ-Glu-Valを含有する培地で培養することによりγ-Glu-Val-Glyを生成する工程。
本実施例では、エシェリヒア・コリのgshA遺伝子及びエシェリヒア・コリのgshB遺伝子を搭載するプラスミドpSH1391(Suzuki, H., et al J. Bacteriol. 187: 5861-5867 (2005))を出発材料に、開始コドンがATGに置換されたエシェリヒア・コリの野生型gshA遺伝子の発現プラスミドpTO1を構築した。
pSH1391のプラスミド構築法は以下の通りである。エシェリヒア・コリのgshA遺伝子を取得する目的で、エシェリヒア・コリMG1655株(ATCC 47076)のゲノムDNAを鋳型として、ストラタジーン社製のPfuポリメラーゼを使用して、配列番号7、8のプライマー(表1)を用いてPCRを実施した。PCR産物をPvuI/PstIで消化して得られたgshA遺伝子を含む約2.4kbの断片と、pBR322をPvuI/PstI消化して得られた約4.2kbの断片をライゲーションした。該反応液でエシェリヒア・コリDH5α株を形質転換し、20μg/mLのテトラサイクリン塩酸塩(Tc)を含むLB寒天培地に塗布後、37℃で18時間培養した。生育してきた形質転換体のコロニーから公知の方法に従ってプラスミドを抽出し、目的の構造を持つプラスミドをpFK68と名付けた。
pET3-a(ノバジェン社製)をSphI消化し、末端をブラント処理後、PvuII消化し、得られた約3.1kbのDNA断片をセルフライゲーションしてプラスミドpSH1558を作製した。pSH1558をAatII/BglII消化して得られた約2.4kbのアンピシリン耐性遺伝子を含む断片とpSH1391をAatII/BglII消化して得られたエシェリヒア・コリの野生型gshA遺伝子の部分断片を含む約3.6kbの断片をライゲーションした。該反応液でエシェリヒア・コリDH5α株を形質転換し、100μg/mLのAmpを含むLB寒天培地に塗布後、37℃で18時間培養した。生育してきた形質転換体のコロニーから公知の方法に従ってプラスミドを抽出し、目的の構造を持つプラスミドをpSH1559と名付けた。
本実施例では、pTO1を基に、各種変異型gshA遺伝子の発現プラスミドを構築した。
実施例2で取得した各菌株を30μg/mLのKanを含む10 mLのLB培地に接種し、37℃、120往復/分で一晩振とう培養することで前培養液を調製した。得られた前培養液の濁度(600nm)を測定し、初期濁度が0.1となるように、500 mL容三角フラスコに張り込んだ30μg/mLのKanを含むLB培地100 mLに前培養液を接種した。37℃、100往復/分で終夜振とう培養した後に、遠心分離(4℃、8,000 rpm、5分)によって集菌した。沈殿として得られた菌体を5mLのTris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0) に懸濁し、再度遠心分離(4℃、8,000 rpm、5分)することによって菌体を洗浄した。沈殿として得られた菌体を3mLのTris-HCl buffer (pH 8.0)に再度懸濁し、氷水で冷やしながら超音波破砕(190 W、5分間)を行った。破砕処理液を遠心分離(4℃、8,000 rpm、10分)し、得られた上清を無細胞抽出液とした。
エシェリヒア・コリMG1655(ATCC 47076)のグルタミン酸-システインリガーゼをコードするgshA遺伝子の発現プラスミドpSF12-EcGshAを以下の手順で構築した。gshA遺伝子の塩基配列およびそれによりコードされるGSHAのアミノ酸配列を、それぞれ配列番号1および配列番号2に示す。なお、同遺伝子の開始コドンはTTGであったため、pSF12-EcGshAの構築に際し、開始コドンをATGに置換した。また、pSF12-EcGshAによれば、GSHAはC末端にHisタグが付加された形態で発現する。
変異型gshA遺伝子を構築するため、Quik Change Site-Directed Mutagenesis Kit(ストラタジーン社)を使用し、製造元のプロトコールに従って、各種変異型gshA遺伝子に対応するプライマー(配列番号29~76)を用いて、実施例4に記載したpSF12-EcGshAを鋳型として、PCRを実施した。各変異とプライマーの関係を表8に示す。表中、大文字表記の配列が変異の導入されるアミノ酸残基に対応する。
実施例4及び実施例5で取得した各菌株(各gshA遺伝子発現プラスミドを有するJM109株)を100μg/mLのAmpを含むLB培地(1.0%(w/v)ペプトン、0.5%(w/v)酵母エキス、1.0%(w/v)NaCl)3mLに接種し、30℃、120往復/分で20時間振とう培養することで前培養液を調製した。得られた前培養液150μlを、100μg/mLのAmpを含むTB培地(1.2%(w/v)トリプトン、2.4%(w/v)酵母エキス、0.4%(w/v)グリセロール、0.23%(w/v)KH2PO4、1.25%(w/v)K2HPO4)15mLを張り込んだ70mL容の試験管(φ25mm)に接種した。30℃、120往復/分で20時間振とう培養した後に、遠心分離(4℃、12,000×g、5分)によって集菌した。沈殿として得られた菌体を0.2 mLの緩衝液(20 mM Tris-HCl (pH 8.0), 300 mM NaCl, 10 mM イミダゾール, 15 % グリセロール)に懸濁し、冷却しながら超音波破砕処理に供して菌体を破砕した。得られた菌体破砕液を遠心分離(4℃、29,100×g、10分)し、得られた上清を無細胞抽出液とした。
エシェリヒア・コリW3110株(ATCC 27325)のグルタチオン合成酵素をコードするgshB遺伝子(配列番号3)の発現プラスミドpET-EcgshBを特開2012-85637に記載の方法で構築した。続いて、pET-EcgshBを用いてエシェリヒア・コリBL21(DE3) (Life Technologies社製)を形質転換し、エシェリヒア・コリBL21(DE3)/pET-EcgshBを得た。gshB遺伝子の塩基配列およびそれによりコードされるGSHBのアミノ酸配列を、それぞれ配列番号3および配列番号4に示す。なお、pET-EcgshBによれば、GSHBはC末端にHisタグが付加された形態で発現する。
実施例6で取得した各精製GSHAについて、γ-Glu-Val合成活性およびγ-Glu-Gly合成活性を測定した。
実施例6で取得した各精製GSHAおよび実施例7で取得した精製GSHBを用い、アミノ酸からのγ-Glu-Val-Gly(CAS 38837-70-6、Gluvalicineとも呼ぶ)の生成を検討した。γ-Glu-Val-Glyの構造式を下記式(I)に示す。
独立行政法人理化学研究所の無細胞タンパク質合成サービス(https://www.ynmr.riken.jp/fees/external_fee_2013.html)に委託して、エシェリヒア・コリMG1655(ATCC 47076)由来の野生型GSHAと変異型GSHAの精製酵素を取得し、以降の実験に用いた。なお、タンパク質合成後、Niに対するaffinity精製により得られた溶出画分を精製酵素とした。溶出には緩衝液(50mM リン酸ナトリウム緩衝液(pH8.0), 10% グリセロール, 300mM イミダゾール, 300mM NaCl, 1mM DTT)が用いられた。また、これらの遺伝子の開始コドンはTTGであったため、タンパク質合成に際し、開始コドンをATGに置換した。また、野生型GSHAおよび変異型GSHAはC末端に6個のHis残基が付加された形態で発現する。また、タンパク質合成に際し、無細胞タンパク質合成サービスの発現量向上オプションを利用した。
実施例10で取得した各精製GSHAについて、γ-Glu-Val合成活性およびγ-Glu-Gly合成活性を測定した。
配列番号1:Escherichia coli MG1655株の野生型gshA遺伝子の塩基配列
配列番号2:Escherichia coli MG1655株の野生型GSHAタンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号3:Escherichia coli W3110株のgshB遺伝子の塩基配列
配列番号4:Escherichia coli W3110株のGSHBタンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号5:Escherichia coli MG1655株のggt遺伝子の塩基配列
配列番号6:Escherichia coli MG1655株のGGTタンパク質のアミノ酸配列
配列番号7~106:プライマー
Claims (24)
- 野生型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼにおいて下記より選ばれる1またはそれ以上のアミノ酸残基に相当するアミノ酸残基に変異を有し、且つ、γ-グルタミルバリン合成酵素活性を有する、変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
L135、Q144、Y241、N243、Y300。 - 前記変異が、下記より選ばれる1またはそれ以上の変異に相当する変異を含む、請求項1に記載の変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
L135(I, F, M, V, G, A, W, K, H, R, C, N, S, T)、
Q144(F, A, N, S, D, T, R, H, G, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I)、
Y241(A)、
N243(I, W, K, R, H)、
Y300(A, H, R, K)。 - 前記変異が、下記のいずれかの変異に相当する変異を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
L135I/Q144R、L135I/Q144D、L135I/Q144A、L135I/Q144L、L135I/N243W、L135I/N243F、L135F/Q144A、L135F/N243W、L135M/Q144R、L135M/Q144A、L135M/Q144L、L135M/N243W、L135M/N243F、L135M/Q144H、L135M/Q144N、L135M/N243Y、L135M/N243R、L135M/N243C、L135V/Q144R、L135V/Q144D、L135V/Q144A、L135V/Q144L、L135V/Q144V、L135V/Q144K、L135V/Q144C、L135V/Q144T、L135H/Q144R、L135G/Q144L、L135A/Q144L、L135V/N243W、L135V/N243F、L135V/N243P、Q144R/N243W、Q144R/N243F、Q144D/N243W、Q144D/N243F、Q144A/N243W、Q144A/N243F、Q144L/N243W、Q144L/N243F、L135M/Q144F、L135M/N243A、L135V/N243G、L135V/N243A、L135V/N243L、L135V/N243Y、L135V/N243K、L135V/N243R、L135V/N243H、L135V/N243D、L135V/N243E、L135V/N243C、L135V/N243Q、L135V/N243S、L135V/N243T、L135V/Q144I、L135V/Q144P、L135V/Q144W、L135V/Q144H、L135V/Q144E、L135V/Q144N、L135V/Q144S、L135K/Q144L、L135H/Q144L、L135D/Q144L、L135C/Q144L、L135Q/Q144L、L135N/Q144L、L135S/Q144L、L135T/Q144L。 - 前記変異が、下記のいずれかの変異に相当する変異を含む、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
L135(I, M, V, G, A, K, H, C, N, S, T)、
Q144(F, A, S, D, T, R, H, K, Y, W, C, M, P, V, L, I)、
N243(R, H)、
Y300(R, K)、
L135I/Q144R、L135I/Q144D、L135I/Q144A、L135I/Q144L、L135I/N243W、L135I/N243F、L135F/Q144A、L135M/Q144R、L135M/Q144A、L135M/Q144L、L135M/N243W、L135M/Q144H、L135M/Q144N、L135M/N243C、L135V/Q144R、L135V/Q144D、L135V/Q144A、L135V/Q144L、L135V/Q144V、L135V/Q144K、L135V/Q144C、L135V/Q144T、L135H/Q144R、L135G/Q144L、L135A/Q144L、L135V/N243W、L135V/N243F、L135V/N243P、Q144R/N243W、Q144D/N243W、Q144A/N243W、Q144A/N243F、Q144L/N243W、Q144L/N243F、L135M/Q144F、L135M/N243A、L135V/N243G、L135V/N243A、L135V/N243L、L135V/N243Y、L135V/N243K、L135V/N243R、L135V/N243H、L135V/N243D、L135V/N243E、L135V/N243C、L135V/N243Q、L135V/N243S、L135V/N243T、L135V/Q144P、L135V/Q144W、L135V/Q144H、L135V/Q144E、L135V/Q144N、L135V/Q144S、L135D/Q144L、L135C/Q144L、L135N/Q144L、L135S/Q144L、L135T/Q144L。 - 前記野生型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼが、下記(a)、(b)、又は(c)に記載のタンパク質である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ:
(a)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質;
(b)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列において、1~10個のアミノ酸残基の置換、欠失、挿入、または付加を含むアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質;
(c)配列番号2に示すアミノ酸配列に対し90%以上の同一性を有するアミノ酸配列を含むタンパク質。 - γ-グルタミルグリシン合成酵素活性に対するγ-グルタミルバリン合成酵素活性の比率が0.7以上である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ。
- γ-グルタミルグリシン合成酵素活性に対するγ-グルタミルバリン合成酵素活性の比率が0.7以上である、変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼ。
- 下記工程(A)を含む、γ-Glu-Valおよび/またはその塩の製造法:
(A)請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼをGluおよびValに作用させることによりγ-Glu-Valを生成する工程。 - 下記工程(A)および(B)を含む、γ-Glu-Val-Glyおよび/またはその塩の製造法:
(A)請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼをGluおよびValに作用させることによりγ-Glu-Valを生成する工程;および
(B)グルタチオン合成酵素を工程(A)で生成したγ-Glu-ValおよびGlyに作用させることによりγ-Glu-Val-Glyを生成する工程。 - 下記工程(C)を含む、γ-Glu-Val-Glyおよび/またはその塩の製造法:
(C)請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼおよびグルタチオン合成酵素を、Glu、Val、およびGlyに作用させることにより、γ-Glu-Val-Glyを生成する工程。 - 前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼが、精製酵素である、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼが、固定化酵素である、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼが、該酵素を有する微生物の培養物、培養菌体、または該菌体の処理物に含有されるものである、請求項8~10のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記グルタチオン合成酵素が、該酵素を有する微生物の培養物、培養菌体、または該菌体の処理物に含有されるものである、請求項9~13のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼおよびグルタチオン合成酵素が、両酵素を有する微生物の培養物、培養菌体、または該菌体の処理物に含有されるものである、請求項9または10に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、γ-グルタミルトランスフェラーゼの活性が低下するように改変されている、請求項13~15のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記微生物が、エシェリヒア・コリである、請求項13~16のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 前記工程がATPの存在下で実施される、請求項8~17のいずれか1項に記載の方法。
- 請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の変異型グルタミン酸-システインリガーゼをコードする遺伝子。
- 請求項19に記載の遺伝子を搭載するベクター。
- 請求項19に記載の遺伝子または請求項20に記載のベクターを有する微生物。
- γ-グルタミルトランスフェラーゼの活性が低下するように改変されている、請求項21に記載の微生物。
- グルタチオン合成酵素をコードする遺伝子を有する、請求項21または22に記載の微生物。
- エシェリヒア・コリである、請求項21~23のいずれか1項に記載の微生物。
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