Classifications

• • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
  • A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
  • A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
  • A01N65/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing material from algae, lichens, bryophyta, multi-cellular fungi or plants, or extracts thereof
  • A01N65/08—Magnoliopsida [dicotyledons]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02A50/00—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE in human health protection, e.g. against extreme weather
  • Y02A50/30—Against vector-borne diseases, e.g. mosquito-borne, fly-borne, tick-borne or waterborne diseases whose impact is exacerbated by climate change

Definitions

• compositions comprising a Quillay extract and a plant growth regulator
• the present invention relates to mixtures comprising as active components a Quillay extract and a plant growth-regulating compound as defined herein.
• Quillaja saponaria, Molina, the soapbark tree is an evergreen tree in the family Quillajaceae, native to warm temperate central Chile.
• Extracts of the barksoap tree are well-known (CAS-No. 68990-67-0) and safe cosmetic, food and pharmaceutical additives e.g. used as adjuvant in vaccine solutions.
• Such soapbark tree also called China bark extract, Murillo bark extract, Panama bark extract, Quillai extract, Quillaia extract or Quillay extract, generally comprises the milled inner bark or small stems and branches of the soapbark tree and contains saponins, polyphenols and other ingredients.
• Quillay extract-based products e.g. QL Agri 35, BASF SE
• QL Agri 35, BASF SE Quillay extract-based products
• an acaricidal mixture comprising the Quillay extract QL Agri 35 and sulfur (Acoidal WG) is marketed by BASF SE.
• Quillay extracts based on water extraction are commercially available e.g. under the trademark QL Agri 35 produced by Natural Response S.A., Quilpue, Chile, and marketed by Desert King Chile and BASF SE.
• the extraction step takes place at temperatures between 5°C and 95°C, preferably at 20°C to 90°C, even more preferably at 40°C to 90°C.
• It contains a minimum of 6 % of saponins, 15 % polyphenols and about 35 °Brix, and has a total solids content of 350 g/l (the total solids content, or dry mass content, containing in general a residual moisture content of at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the solids content).
• the percentages are weight percentages and relative to the volume of the extract.
• One degree Brix is 1 gram of sucrose in 100 grams of solution and represents the strength of the solution as percentage by weight (% w/w) (strictly speaking, by mass). If the solution contains dissolved solids other than pure sucrose, then the °Brix is only approximate the dissolved solid content.
• Further suitable Quillay extracts are commercially available (trademarks QL 1000, QP 1000, QL Ultra, QL 30B and Vax Sap, produced by Natural Response S.A. Quilpue, Chile).
• the plant growth regulators II as defined herein, their preparation and activity are known (e.g.: https://www.alanwood.net/pesticides/; https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/pi139); many of these substances are commercially available.
• An extract of Ecklonia maxima, commonly referred to as kelp an edible species of brown seaweed is known as a not-toxic natural product (e.g. Kelpak SL, Kelp Products Ltd, South Africa) is known to stimulate root development, improve plant growth and in crease crop yield.
• the liquid extract Kelpak SL contains natural cytokinins (trans- zeatin, cis-zeatin, trans-ribosylzeatin, dihydrozeatin, isopentenyladenosine and
• auxins indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-carboxylic acid, indole-3-aldehyde, N,N-dimethyltryptamine and N-hydroxyethylphtalimide - 1 1 mg/L in total
• auxins indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-carboxylic acid, indole-3-aldehyde, N,N-dimethyltryptamine and N-hydroxyethylphtalimide - 1 1 mg/L in total
• the present invention relates to mixtures comprising, as active components
• abscisic acid amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, dikegulac, diflufenzopyr, dimethipin, 2,6-dimethylpuridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, fluthi- acet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid , maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), methyl jasmonate, naphthaleneacetic acid, N-6-benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium),
• the mixture according to the invention or to be used according to the invention is not restricted to a physical mixture of the Quillay extract and at least one compound II, but can be any combination of the Quillay extract and at least one compound II, it not being required for the Quillay extract and the at least one compound II to be present together in the same formulation.
• the mixture of the invention is partly also termed "composition”.
• combipack An example of a "mixture" (more correctly: a composition) according to the invention or to be used according to the invention in which the Quillay extract and the at least one compound II are not present together in the same formulation is a combipack.
• a combipack two or more components of a combipack are packaged separately, i.e., not jointly pre-formulated.
• combipacks include one or more separate containers such as vials, cans, bottles, pouches, bags or canisters, each container containing a separate component for an agrochemical composition.
• One example is a two-component combipack.
• the present invention also relates to a two-component combipack, comprising a first component which in turn comprises the Quillay extract, a liquid or solid carrier and, if appropriate, at least one surfactant and/or at least one customary auxiliary, and a second component which in turn comprises at least one compound II, a liquid or solid carrier and, if appropriate, at least one surfactant and/or at least one customary auxiliary. More details, e.g. as to suitable liquid and solid carriers, surfactants and customary auxiliaries are described below.
• the mixture of the invention is a physical mixture.
• the invention relates also to a method for regulating plant growth, or for improving the health of the plants using mixtures of a Quillay extract and at least one compound II and to the use of the components 1 ) and 2) as defined herein for preparing such mixtures, and to compositions and seed comprising these mixtures.
• the method of the invention does not include a treatment of a human or animal body.
• the invention also relates to the use of a mixture of the invention as defined above or below or of an agricultural composition as defined below or of a Quillay extract in combination with at least one compound II as defined above or below and optionally also in combination with at least one active component 3) as defined below for regulating plant growth.
• the use of the Quillay extract "in combination with" the at least one compound II on the one hand can be understood as using a physical mixture of Quillay extract and at least one compound II.
• the combined use may also consist in using the Quillay extract and the at least one compound II separately, but locus- and time-related (i.e. both components are applied to the same "substrate" (plant, part thereof, seed, soil etc.) within a sufficiently short time of one another), so that the desired effect can take place. More detailed illustrations of the combined use can be found in the specifications below.
• plant growth regulator also known as growth regulators or plant hormones
• plant growth regulators is to be understood as active ingredients used to alter the growth of a plant or plant part. This definition includes any substance or mixture of substances or extracts intended for accelerating or retarding the rate of growth or maturation or for otherwise altering the behavior of ornamental or crop plants or parts or the produce thereof, including defoliants, desiccants and ripeners but not including substances intended as plant nutrients, trace elements, nutritional chemicals, plant inoculants, or soil amendments.
• Plant hormones are substances naturally produced by plants, substances that control normal plant functions, such as root growth, fruit set and drop, growth and other development processes.
• the mixtures comprise component 1 ) and component 2) in a synergistically effective amount.
• Compounds II can be present in different crystal modifications, which may differ in biological activity.
• the active component 1 ) of the mixture can be found on the basis of the soap bark tree (Quillaja saponaria), from wood, branches and the bark of the tree, which are milled. Quillaja can as well be used as an extract of flakes from branches and the bark from the soap bark tree.
• the extract can be based on pure water extraction or a blend of water and alcohol as a means of extraction.
• the extract can be used as a liquid product or it can be spray dried. The abovementioned commercially available extracts are also suitable.
• the mixtures comprise as component 1 ) a water-based Quillay extract.
• water-based Quillay extract is to be understood that the extract of the material of the Quillay tree is obtained by solid-liquid extraction wherein the liquid is water or a water-based solution comprising water-soluble solvents (such as alcohols, e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol; glycols; DMSO; ketones, e.g.
• auxiliaries such as liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti- foaming agents, tackifiers and binders).
• the Quillay extract is obtained by extraction from the Quillay tree by employing water, alcohol or a water/alcohol solution.
• the alcohol is ethanol or methanol.
• the extraction is achieved by employing a water/alcohol solution.
• the water/alcohol solution has a water/alcohol ratio of from 80:20 to 20:80. In further embodiments, the water/alcohol solution has a water/alcohol ratio of from 60:40 to 40:60. In further embodiments, the water/alcohol solution is 80:20 water/alcohol, 60:40 water/alcohol, 50:50 water/alcohol, 40:60 water/ alcohol ratio or 20:80 water/alcohol.
• the water/alcohol ratios given are volume/volume. Specifically, the extractant is water.
• the extraction time may vary without limitation from 1 to 8 hours, at or above room temperature (20°C-30°C), e.g., above 30°C, 40°C, 50°C or 60°C. In some embodiments, the extraction is carried out at a temperature between 30°C and 70°C.
• the extraction process comprising: treating the Quillay material in a water or water/alcohol solution.
• the so-extracted material may subsequently be purified by any means known in the art, including: filtration, centrifugation, re-crystallization, distillation, adsorption,
• the Quillay material is first dried and ground before being treated in the water or water/alcohol solution.
• the Quillay extract may be concentrated e.g. by evaporating or drying the extract- containing solution to obtain a concentrated liquid extract or a dried extract.
• the Quillay extract contains a minimum of 2 % of saponins and 5 % polyphenols and at least 15 °Brix; more preferably a minimum of 4 % of saponins and 10 % polyphenols and at least 25 °Brix. The percentages are weight percentages and relative to the volume of the extract.
• the Quillay extract contains a minimum of 5 % by weight of saponins and at least 10 % by weight of polyphenols, relative to the dry mass of the extract, and at least 15 °Brix; e.g.
• the dry mass contains at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2% by weight of residual liquid components, such as extractants (in general water, possibly also alcohol; mostly however residual moisture), based on the total weight of the dry mass.
• the Quillay extract is obtained by a process as described for example in CL 2573-2002. Chipped or milled wood, branches and/or the bark or flakes from branches and/or the bark of Quillaja saponaria are submitted to a solid/liquid extraction process using water as extractant.
• the extraction temperature may vary between 20 and 95°C (i.e. is of from 20 to 95°C), e.g. 40 to 90°C, but is specifically ca. 60°C (+/- 10°C, preferably +/- 5°C).
• the extraction time is in inverse proportion to the extraction temperature and is in general of from 0.5 to 5 h. For an extraction temperature of ca. 60°C, it is specifically ca. 2 to 3 h.
• the mixtures comprise a compound II selected from abscisic acid, brassinolide, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), cyclanilide, diflufenzopyr, ethephon, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), methyl jasmonate, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium), prohydrojasmon, thidiazuron, tributyl phosphorotrithioate, trinexapac-ethyl, uniconazole and an extract of a compound II selected from abscisic acid, brassinolide, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), cyclanilide, diflufenzopyr, ethephon, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, indole-3-acetic acid, mepiquat (mepiquat chlor
• the mixtures comprise as compound II chlormequat
• chlormequat chloride mepiquat chloride
• prohexadione prohexadione-calcium
• trinexapac-ethyl trinexapac-ethyl
• the mixtures comprise as compound II mepiquat (mepiquat chloride) or prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium).
• the mixtures comprise as compound II an extract of Ecklonia maxima, preferably a water-based extract of Ecklonia maxima.
• the mixtures comprise as compound II cyclanilide, diflufenzopyr, ethephone, thidiazuron or tributyl phosphorotrithioate.
• the mixtures comprise as compound II gibberellic acid or indole-3-acetic acid and in particular gibberelic acid.
• mixtures and compositions thereof according to the invention can, in the use form as plant growth regulators, also be present together with other active substances, e. g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides or else with fertilizers, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix).
• other active substances e. g. with herbicides, insecticides, growth regulators, fungicides or else with fertilizers, as pre-mix or, if appropriate, not until immeadiately prior to use (tank mix).
• the mixtures comprise besides a Quillay extract and a compound II as component 3) a further active compound, preferably in a synergistically effective amount.
• a further active compound preferably in a synergistically effective amount.
• Another embodiment relates to mixtures wherein the component 3) is an active compound III selected from groups A) to O):
• Inhibitors of complex III at Q 0 site e.g. strobilurins: azoxystrobin, coumethoxystrobin,
• coumoxystrobin dimoxystrobin, enestroburin, fenaminstrobin, fenoxy- strobin/flufenoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, mandestrobin, metominostrobin, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, pyrametostrobin, pyraoxystrobin, trifloxystrobin, 2-(2-(3-(2,6-dichlorophenyl)-1 -methyl-allylideneaminooxymethyl)-phenyl)-2-methoxyimino- N-methyl-acetamide, pyribencarb, triclopyricarb/chlorodincarb, famoxadone, fenamidone;
• - inhibitors of complex II e. g. carboxamides: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, carboxin, fenfuram, fluopyram, flutolanil, fluxapyroxad, furametpyr, isofetamid, isopyrazam, mepronil, oxycarboxin, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane, tecloftalam, thifluzamide, N-(4'- trifluoromethylthiobiphenyl-2-yl)-3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide, N-(2- (1 ,3,3-trimethyl-butyl)-phenyl)-1 ,3-dimethyl-5-fluoro-1 H-pyrazole-4-carboxamide,
• complex II e. g. carboxamides: benodanil, benzovindiflupyr, bixafen,
• respiration inhibitors e.g. complex I, uncouplers: diflumetorim, (5,8-difluoroquinazolin-
• nitrophenyl derivates binapacryl, dinobuton, dinocap, fluazinam; ferimzone; organometal compounds: fentin salts, such as fentin-acetate, fentin chloride or fentin hydroxide; ametoctradin; and silthiofam;
• DMI fungicides triazoles: azaconazole, bitertanol,
• epoxiconazole fenbuconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, hexaconazole, imibenconazole, ipconazole, metconazole, myclobutanil, oxpoconazole, paclobutrazole, penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, simeconazole, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, triticonazole, uniconazole,
• [1 ,2,4]triazole 2-[rel-(2S;3R)-3-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-(2,4-difluorophenyl)-oxiranylmethyl]- 2H-[1 ,2,4]triazole-3-thiol; chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluorometh- , yl)phenyl]-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1 - yl)butan-2-ol, 2-[2-chloro-4-(4-chlorophenoxy)phenyl]-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)butan-2-ol, 2-[4-(4- chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenyl]-3-methyl-1 -(1 ,2,4-triazol-1 -yl)butan-2-ol, 2-[4-(4- chlorophenoxy)-2-(trifluoromethyl)- , pheny
• Delta14-reductase inhibitors aldimorph, dodemorph, dodemorph-acetate, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, piperalin, spiroxamine;
• phenylamides or acyl amino acid fungicides benalaxyl, benalaxyl-M, kiralaxyl, metalaxyl, metalaxyl-M (mefenoxam), ofurace, oxadixyl;
• hymexazole hymexazole, octhilinone, oxolinic acid, bupirimate, 5-fluorocytosine, 5-fluoro-2-(p- tolylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine, 5-fluoro-2-(4-fluorophenylmethoxy)pyrimidin-4-amine;
• - tubulin inhibitors such as benzimidazoles, thiophanates: benomyl, carbendazim,
• cell division inhibitors diethofencarb, ethaboxam, pencycuron, fluopicolide, zoxamide, metrafenone, pyriofenone;
• - methionine synthesis inhibitors anilino-pyrimidines: cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil;
• blasticidin-S blasticidin-S, kasugamycin, kasugamycin hydrochloride-hydrate, mildiomycin, streptomycin, oxytetracyclin, polyoxine, validamycin A;
• MAP / histidine kinase inhibitors fluoroimid, iprodione, procymidone, vinclozolin, fenpiclonil, fludioxonil;
• Phospholipid biosynthesis inhibitors edifenphos, iprobenfos, pyrazophos, isoprothiolane;
• - lipid peroxidation dicloran, quintozene, tecnazene, tolclofos-methyl, biphenyl, chloroneb, etridiazole;
• oxathiapiprolin 2- ⁇ 3-[2-(1 - ⁇ [3,5-bis(di -, flu -, oromethyl- 1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]acetyl ⁇ piperidin-4-yl)-1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2 oxazol-5-yl ⁇ phenyl methanesulfonate, 2- ⁇ 3-[2-(1 - ⁇ [3,5-bis(difluoromethyl)-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl]acetyl ⁇ piperidin-4-yl) 1 ,3-thiazol-4-yl]-4,5-dihydro-1 ,2-oxazol-5 yl ⁇ -3-chlorophenyl methanesulfonate
• organochlorine compounds e.g. phthalimides, sulfamides, chloronitriles: anilazine,
• chlorothalonil captafol, captan, folpet, dichlofluanid, dichlorophen, hexachlorobenzene, pentachlorphenole and its salts, phthalide, tolylfluanid, N-(4-chloro-2-nitro-phenyl)-N-ethyl-4- methyl-benzenesulfonamide;
• guanidine dodine, dodine free base, guazatine, guazatine-acetate, iminoctadine, iminoctadine-triacetate, iminoctadine-tris(albesilate), dithianon, 2,6-dimethyl- 1 H,5H-[1 ,4]dithiino[2,3-c:5,6-c']dipyrrole-1 ,3,5,7(2H,6H)-tetraone;
• glucan synthesis inhibitors validamycin, polyoxin B; melanin synthesis inhibitors:
• T. stromaticum T. virens (also named Gliocladium virens), T. viride, Typhula phacorrhiza, Ulocladium oudemansii, Verticillium dahlia, zucchini yellow mosaic virus (avirulent strain);
• Biochemical pesticides with fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal and/or plant defense activator activity chitosan (hydrolysate), harpin protein, laminarin, Menhaden fish oil, natamycin, Plum pox virus coat protein, potassium or sodium bicarbonate, Reynoutria sachlinensis extract, salicylic acid, tea tree oil;
• Agrobacterium radiobacter Bacillus cereus, B. firmus, B. thuringiensis, B. thuringiensis ssp. aizawai, B. t. ssp. israelensis, B. t. ssp. galleriae, B. t. ssp. kurstaki, B. t. ssp. tenebrionis, Beauveria bassiana, B.
• brongniartii Burkholderia sp., Chromobacterium subtsugae, Cydia pomonella granulosis virus, Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus (CrleGV), Isaria fumosorosea, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Lecanicillium longisporum, L. muscarium
• nematicidal activity L-carvone, citral, (E,Z)-7,9-dodecadien-1 -yl acetate, ethyl formate, (E,Z)- 2,4-ethyl decadienoate (pear ester), (Z,Z,E)-7,1 1 ,13-hexadecatrienal, heptyl butyrate, isopropyl myristate, lavanulyl senecioate, cis-jasmone, 2-methyl 1 -butanol, methyl eugenol, methyl jasmonate, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1 -ol, (E,Z)-2,13-octadecadien-1 -ol acetate, (E,Z)-3,13-octadecadien-1 -ol, R-1 -octen-3-ol, pentatermanone
• lipoferum lipoferum, A. irakense, A. halopraeferens, Bradyrhizobium sp., B. elkanii, B. japonicum, B. liaoningense, B. lupini, Delftia acidovorans, Glomus intraradices, Mesorhizobium sp., Paenibacillus alvei, Penicillium bilaiae, Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli, R. I. trifolii, R. I. bv. viciae, R. tropici, Sinorhizobium meliloti;
• Biochemical pesticides with plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator and/or plant yield enhancing activity abscisic acid, aluminium silicate (kaolin), 3-decen-2-one, formononetin, genistein, hesperetin, homobrassinlide, humates, jasmonic acid or salts or derivatives thereof, lysophosphatidyl ethanolamine, naringenin, polymeric polyhydroxy acid,
• abscisic acid amidochlor, ancymidol, 6-benzylaminopurine, brassinolide, butralin, chlormequat (chlormequat chloride), choline chloride, cyclanilide, daminozide, dikegulac, diflufenzopyr, dimethipin, 2,6-dimethylpuridine, ethephon, flumetralin, flurprimidol, fluthiacet, forchlorfenuron, gibberellic acid, inabenfide, indole-3-acetic acid , maleic hydrazide, mefluidide, mepiquat (mepiquat chloride), methyl jasmonate, naphthaleneacetic acid, N-6-benzyladenine, paclobutrazol, prohexadione (prohexadione-calcium), prohydrojasmon, thidiazuron, triapenthenol, tributyl phospho
• acetochlor alachlor, butachlor, dimethachlor, dimethenamid, flufenacet,
• mefenacet metolachlor, metazachlor, napropamide, naproanilide, pethoxamid, pretilachlor, propachlor, thenylchlor;
• EPTC esprocarb, molinate, orbencarb, phenmedipham, prosulfocarb, pyributicarb, thiobencarb, triallate;
• acifluorfen acifluorfen, aclonifen, bifenox, diclofop, ethoxyfen, fomesafen, lactofen, oxyfluorfen;
• - imidazolinones imazamethabenz, imazamox, imazapic, imazapyr, imazaquin, imazethapyr
• - phenoxy acetic acids clomeprop, 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D), 2,4-DB, dichlorprop, MCPA, MCPA-thioethyl, MCPB, Mecoprop;
• - pyridines aminopyralid, clopyralid, diflufenican, dithiopyr, fluridone, fluroxypyr, picloram, picolinafen, thiazopyr;
• - sulfonyl ureas amidosulfuron, azimsulfuron, bensulfuron, chlorimuron-ethyl, chlorsulfuron, cinosulfuron, cyclosulfamuron, ethoxysulfuron, flazasulfuron, flucetosulfuron, flupyrsulfuron, foramsulfuron, halosulfuron, imazosulfuron, iodosulfuron, mesosulfuron, metazosulfuron, metsulfuron-methyl, nicosulfuron, oxasulfuron, primisulfuron, prosulfuron, pyrazosulfuron, rimsulfuron, sulfometuron, sulfosulfuron, thifensulfuron, triasulfuron, tribenuron,
• - triazines ametryn, atrazine, cyanazine, dimethametryn, ethiozin, hexazinone, metamitron, metribuzin, prometryn, simazine, terbuthylazine, terbutryn, triaziflam;
• ureas chlorotoluron, daimuron, diuron, fluometuron, isoproturon, linuron, metha- benzthiazuron,tebuthiuron;
• acetolactate synthase inhibitors bispyribac-sodium, cloransulam-methyl, diclosulam, florasulam, flucarbazone, flumetsulam, metosulam, ortho-sulfamuron, penoxsulam, propoxycarbazone, pyribambenz-propyl, pyribenzoxim, pyriftalid, pyriminobac-methyl, pyrimisulfan, pyrithiobac, pyroxasulfone, pyroxsulam;
• amicarbazone amicarbazone, aminotriazole, anilofos, beflubutamid, benazolin,
• organo(thio)phosphates acephate, azamethiphos, azinphos-methyl, chlorpyrifos,
• chlorpyrifos-methyl chlorfenvinphos, diazinon, dichlorvos, dicrotophos, dimethoate, disulfoton, ethion, fenitrothion, fenthion, isoxathion, malathion, methamidophos,
• methidathion methidathion, methyl-parathion, mevinphos, monocrotophos, oxydemeton-methyl, paraoxon, parathion, phenthoate, phosalone, phosmet, phosphamidon, phorate, phoxim, pirimiphos- methyl, profenofos, prothiofos, sulprophos, tetrachlorvinphos, terbufos, triazophos, trichlorfon;
• - pyrethroids allethrin, bifenthrin, cyfluthrin, cyhalothrin, cyphenothrin, cypermethrin, alpha- cypermethrin, beta-cypermethrin, zeta-cypermethrin, deltamethrin, esfenvalerate, etofenprox, fenpropathrin, fenvalerate, imiprothrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, permethrin, prallethrin, pyrethrin I and II, resmethrin, silafluofen, tau-fluvalinate, tefluthrin, tetramethrin, tralomethrin, transfluthrin, profluthrin, dimefluthrin;
• - insect growth regulators a) chitin synthesis inhibitors: benzoylureas: chlorfluazuron,
• cyramazin diflubenzuron, flucycloxuron, flufenoxuron, hexaflumuron, lufenuron, novaluron, teflubenzuron, triflumuron; buprofezin, diofenolan, hexythiazox, etoxazole, clofentazine; b) ecdysone antagonists: halofenozide, methoxyfenozide, tebufenozide, azadirachtin; c) juvenoids: pyriproxyfen, methoprene, fenoxycarb; d) lipid biosynthesis inhibitors:
• - nicotinic receptor agonists/antagonists compounds clothianidin, dinotefuran, flupyradifurone, imidacloprid, thiamethoxam, nitenpyram, acetamiprid, thiacloprid, 1 -2-chloro-thiazol-5- ylmethyl)-2-nitrimino-3,5-dimethyl-[1 ,3,5]triazinane;
• - GABA antagonist compounds endosulfan, ethiprole, fipronil, vaniliprole, pyrafluprole,
• - macrocyclic lactone insecticides abamectin, emamectin, milbemectin, lepimectin, spinosad, spinetoram;
• oxidative phosphorylation inhibitors cyhexatin, diafenthiuron, fenbutatin oxide, propargite;
• cryomazine cryomazine
• chlorantraniliprole chlorantraniliprole, cyantraniliprole, flubendiamide, N [4,6- dichloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4-sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2 pyridyl)-5- (trifluoromethyl)pynazole-3-carboxamide; N-[4-chloro-2-[(diethyl-lambda-4- sulfanylidene)carbamoyl]-6 methyl-phenyl]-2-(3-chloro-2-pyridyl)-5-
• biopesticides from group L) of pesticides III, their preparation and their pesticidal activity e.g. against harmful fungi or insects are known (e-Pesticide Manual V 5.2 (ISBN 978 1 901396 85 0) (2008-201 1 ); https://www.epa.gov/opp00001/biopesticides/, see product lists therein;
• the biopesticides from group L1 ) and/or L2) may also have insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, pheromone, nematicidal, plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and/or yield enhancing activity.
• the biopesticides from group L3) and/or L4) may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal, plant defense activator, plant stress reducing, plant growth regulator, plant growth promoting and/or yield enhancing activity.
• the biopesticides from group L5) and/or L6) may also have fungicidal, bactericidal, viricidal, plant defense activator, insecticidal, acaricidal, molluscidal, pheromone and/or nematicidal activity.
• aluminium silicate ScreenTM Duo from Certis LLC, USA
• Agrobacterium radio ⁇ bacter K1026 e.g.
• amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595, deposited at United States Department of Agriculture) (e.g. Integral®, Subtilex® NG from Becker Underwood, USA), B. cereus CNCM 1-1562 (US 6,406,690), B. firmus CNCM 1-1582 (WO 2009/126473, WO
• B. pumilus GB34 ATCC 700814; e.g. in YieldShield® from Gustafson LLC, TX, USA
• Bacillus pumilus KFP9F NRRL B-50754
• B. pumilus QST 2808 NRRL B 30087
• B. subtilis GB03 e.g.
• B. subtilis GB07 Epic® from Gustafson, Inc., USA
• B. subtilis QST-713 NRRL B 21661 in Rhapsody®, Serenade® MAX and Serenade® ASO from AgraQuest Inc., USA
• B. subtilis var. amylolique-'faciens FZB24 e.g. Taegro® from Novozyme Biologicals, Inc., USA
• B. subtilis var. amyloliquefaciens D747 e.g.
• israeltaki ABTS-351 identical to HD-1 (ATCC SD-1275; e.g. in Dipel® DF from Valent Biosciences, IL, USA), B. t. ssp. kurstaki EG 2348 (e.g. in Lepinox® or Rapax® from CBC (Europe) S.r.l., Italy), B. t. ssp. tenebrionis DSM 2803 (EP 0 585 215 B1 ; identical to NRRL B-15939; Mycogen Corp.), B. t. ssp. tenebrionis NB-125 (DSM 5526; EP 0 585 215 B1 ; also referred to as SAN 418 I or ABG-6479; former production strain of Novo-
• B. t. ssp. tenebrionis NB-176 (or NB-176-1 ) a gamma-irridated, induced high-yielding mutant of strain NB-125 (DSM 5480; EP 585 215 B1 ; Novodor® from Valent Biosciences, Switzerland), Beauveria bassiana ATCC 74040 (e.g. in Naturalis® from CBC (Europe) S.r.l., Italy), B. bassiana DSM 12256 (US 200020031495; e.g. BioExpert® SC from Live Sytems Technology S.A., Colombia), B. bassiana GHA (BotaniGard® 22WGP from Laverlam Int. Corp., USA), B. bassiana PPRI 5339 (ARSEF number 5339 in the USDA ARS collection of
• NRRL 50757 e.g. Broad Band® from Becker Underwood, South Africa
• B. brongniartii e.g. in Melocont® from Agrifutur, Agrianello, Italy, for control of cockchafer; J. Appl. Microbiol. 100(5), 1063-72, 2006
• Bradyrhizobium sp. e.g. Vault® from Becker Underwood, USA
• B. japonicum e.g. VAULT® from Becker Underwood, USA
• Candida oleophila 1-182 NRRL Y-18846; e.g.
• CrIeGV Cryptophlebia leucotreta granulovirus
• CpGV Cydia pomonella granulovirus
• CpGV V22 DSM GV-0014; e.g. in MADEX Twin from Adermatt Biocontrol, Switzerland
• Delftia acidovorans RAY209 ATCC PTA-4249; WO 2003/57861 ; e.g.
• MYKOS from Xtreme Gardening, USA or RTI Reforestation Technologies International; USA
• grapefruit seeds and pulp extract e.g. BC-1000 from Chemie S.A., Chile
• harpin (alpha-beta) protein e.g. MESSENGER or HARP-N-Tek from Plant Health Care pic, U.K.; Science 257, 1-132, 1992
• Heterorhabditis bacteriophaga e.g. Nemasys® G from Becker Underwood Ltd., UK
• Isaria fumosorosea Apopka-97 ATCC 20874)
• PFR-97TM from Certis LLC, USA
• cis-jasmone e.g.
• Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189 isolated from Ornithacris cavroisi in Niger; also NRRL 50758 (e.g. GREEN MUSCLE® from Becker Underwood, South Africa), M. a. var. acridum FI-985 (e.g. GREEN GUARD® SC from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd, Australia), M. anisopliae FI-1045 (e.g. BIOCANE® from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd, Australia), M.
• Metarhizium anisopliae var. acridum IMI 330189 isolated from Ornithacris cavroisi in Niger; also NRRL 50758
• MUSCLE® from Becker Underwood, South Africa
• M. a. var. acridum FI-985 e.g. GREEN GUARD® SC from Becker Underwood Pty Ltd, Australia
• anisopliae F52 (DSM 3884, ATCC 90448; e.g. MET52® Novozymes Biologicals BioAg Group, Canada), M. anisopliae ICIPE 69 (e.g. METATHRI POL from ICIPE, Nairobe, Kenya), Metschnikowia fructicola (NRRL Y-30752; e.g. SHEMER® from Agrogreen, Israel, now distributed by Bayer CropSciences, Germany; US 6,994,849), Microdochium dimerum (e.g. ANTIBOT® from Agrauxine, France),
• Microsphaeropsis ochracea P130A (ATCC 74412 isolated from apple leaves from an abandoned orchard, St-Joseph-du-Lac, Quebec, Canada in 1993; Mycologia 94(2), 297-301 , 2002), Muscodor albus QST 20799 originally isolated from the bark of a cinnamon tree in Honduras (e.g. in development products MuscudorTM or QRD300 from AgraQuest, USA), Neem oil (e.g.
• NEMATA® SC from Live Systems Technology S.A., Colombia
• lilacinus BCP2 (NRRL 50756; e.g. PL GOLD from Becker Underwood BioAg SA Ltd, South Africa), mixture of Paenibacillus alvei NAS6G6 (NRRL B-50755), Pantoea vagans (formerly agglomerans) C9-1 (originally isolated in 1994 from apple stem tissue; BlightBan C9-1® from NuFrams America Inc., USA, for control of fire blight in apple; J. Bacteriol. 192(24) 6486-6487, 2010), Pasteuria spp. ATCC PTA-9643 (WO
• Pichia anomala WRL-076 (NRRL Y-30842; US 8,206,972), potassium bicarbonate (e.g. Amicarb® fromm Stahler SA, Switzerland), potassium silicate (e.g. Sil-MATRIXTM from Certis LLC, USA), Pseudozyma flocculosa PF-A22 UL (e.g. Sporodex® from Plant Products Co. Ltd., Canada), Pseudomonas sp. DSM 13134 (WO 2001/40441 , e.g. in PRORADIX from Sourcon Padena GmbH & Co. KG, Hechinger Str. 262, 72072 Tubingen, Germany), P.
• potassium bicarbonate e.g. Amicarb® fromm Stahler SA, Switzerland
• potassium silicate e.g. Sil-MATRIXTM from Certis LLC, USA
• Pseudozyma flocculosa PF-A22 UL e.g. Spo
• chloraphis MA 342 e.g. in CERALL or CEDEMON from BioAgri AB, Uppsala, Sweden
• P. fluorescens CL 145A e.g. in ZEQUANOX from Marrone Biolnnovations, Davis, CA, USA; J. Invertebr. Pathol. 1 13(1 ): 104-14, 2013
• Pythium oligandrum DV 74 ATCC 38472; e.g.
• Reynoutria sachlinensis extract e.g. REGALIA® SC from Marrone
• Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. phaseoli e.g. RHIZO-STICK from Becker Underwood, USA
• R. I. trifolii RP1 13-7 e.g. DORMAL from Becker Underwood, USA; Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 44(5), 1096-1 101
• R. I. bv. viciae P1 NP3Cst also referred to as 1435; New Phytol 179(1 ), 224-235, 2008; e.g. in NODULATOR PL Peat Granule from Becker Underwood, USA; or in NODULATOR XL PL bfrom Becker Underwood, Canada
• viciae SU303 e.g. NODULAID Group E from Becker Underwood, Australia
• R. I. bv. viciae WSM1455 e.g. NODULAID Group F from Becker Underwood, Australia
• R. tropici SEMIA 4080 identical to PRF 81 ; Soil Biology & Biochemistry 39, 867-876, 2007
• Sinorhizobium meliloti MSDJ0848 INRA, France
• strain 201 1 or RCR201 1 Mol Gen Genomics (2004) 272: 1-17; e.g. DORMAL ALFALFA from Becker Underwood, USA;
• mycoparasitica IDAC 301008-01 (WO 201 1/022809), Steinernema carpocapsae (e.g.
• Trichoderma asperellum SKT-1 e.g. ECO-HOPE® from Kumiai Chemical Industry Co., Ltd., Japan
• T. asperellum ICC 012 e.g. in TENET WP, REMDIER WP, BIOTEN WP from Isagro NC, USA, BIO-TAM from AgraQuest, USA
• Atroviride LC52 e.g. SENTINEL® from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ
• T. atroviride CNCM I- 1237 e.g. in Esquive WG from Agrauxine S.A., France, e.g. against pruning wound diseases on vine and plant root pathogens
• T. fertile JM41 R NRRL 50759; e.g. RICHPLUSTM from Becker Underwood Bio Ag SA Ltd, South Africa
• T. gamsii ICC 080 e.g. in TENET WP, REMDIER WP, BIOTEN WP from Isagro NC, USA, BIO-TAM from AgraQuest, USA
• T. harzianum T-22 e.g.
• PLANTSHIELD® der Firma BioWorks Inc., USA
• T. harzianum TH 35 e.g. ROOT PRO® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel
• T. harzianum T-39 e.g. TRICHODEX® and TRICHODERMA 2000® from Mycontrol Ltd., Israel and Makhteshim Ltd., Israel
• T. harzianum and T. viride e.g. TRICHOPEL from Agrimm Technologies Ltd, NZ
• T. harzianum ICC012 and T. viride ICC080 e.g. REMEDIER® WP from Isagro Ricerca, Italy
• T. polysporum and T. harzianum e.g.
• T. stromaticum e.g. TRICOVAB® from C.E.P.L.A.C., Brazil
• T. virens GL-21 also named Gliocladium virens
• T. viride e.g. TRIECO® from Ecosense Labs. (India) Pvt. Ltd., Indien, BIO- CURE® F from T. Stanes & Co. Ltd., Indien
• T. viride TV1 e.g. T. viride TV1 from Agribiotec srl, Italy
• Ulocladium oudemansii HRU3 e.g. in BOTRY-ZEN® from Botry-Zen Ltd, NZ.
• Strains can be sourced from genetic resource and deposition centers: American Type Culture Collection, 10801 University Boulevard., Manassas, VA 201 10-2209, USA (strains with ATCC prefic); CABI Europe - International Mycological Institute, Bakeham Lane, Egham, Surrey, TW20 9TYNRRL, UK (strains with prefices CABI and I Ml); Centraalbureau voor
• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595) is deposited under accession number NRRL B-50595 with the strain designation Bacillus subtilis 1430 (and identical to NCI MB 1237). Recently, MBI 600 has been re-classified as Bacillus
• Bacillus subtilis MBI600 (or MBI 600 or MBI-600) is identical to Bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp.
• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens MBI600 is known as plant growth-promoting rice seed treatment from Int. J. Microbiol. Res. 3(2) (201 1 ), 120-130 and further described e.g. in US 2012/0149571 A1 .
• This strain MBI600 is e.g.
• liquid formulation product INTEGRAL® Becker-Underwood Inc., USA.
• Bacillus subtilis strain FB17 was originally isolated from red beet roots in North America (System Appl. Microbiol 27 (2004) 372-379). This B. subtilis strain promotes plant health (US 2010/0260735 A1 ; WO 201 1/109395 A2). B. subtilis FB17 has also been deposited at ATCC under number PTA-1 1857 on April 26, 201 1 . Bacillus subtilis strain FB17 may be referred elsewhere to as UD1022 or UD10-22.
• Bacillus amyloliquefaciens AP-136 (NRRL B-50614), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-188 (NRRL B- 50615), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-218 (NRRL B-50618), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-219 (NRRL B- 50619), B. amyloliquefaciens AP-295 (NRRL B-50620), B. japonicum SEMIA 5079 (e.g. Gelfix 5 or Adhere 60 from Nitral Urbana Laoboratories, Brazil, a BASF Company), B. japonicum SEMIA 5080 (e.g. GELFIX 5 or ADHERE 60 from Nitral Urbana Laoboratories, Brazil, a BASF
• B. mojavensis AP-209 (NRRL B-50616), B. solisalsi AP-217 (NRRL B-50617), B. pumilus strain INR-7 (otherwise referred to as BU-F22 (NRRL B-50153) and BU-F33 (NRRL B- 50185)), B. simplex ABU 288 (NRRL B-50340) and B. amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum MBI600 (NRRL B-50595) have been mentioned i.a. in US patent appl. 20120149571 , US 8,445,255, WO 2012/079073. Bradyrhizobium japonicum USDA 3 is known from US patent 7,262,151.
• Jasmonic acid or salts (jasmonates) or derivatives include without limitation potassi-um jasmonate, sodium jasmonate, lithium jasmonate, ammonium jasmonate, dimethyl-ammonium jasmonate, isopropylammonium jasmonate, diolammonium jasmonate,
• Humates are humic and fulvic acids extracted from a form of lignite coal and clay, known as leonardite.
• Humic acids are organic acids that occur in humus and other organically derived materials such as peat and certain soft coal. They have been shown to increase fertilizer efficiency in phosphate and micro-nutrient uptake by plants as well as aiding in the development of plant root systems.
• the mixtures comprise as compounds III fungicidal compounds that are independently of each other selected from the groups A), B), C), D), E), F), G), H), I), J), K) and L), more preferably in combination with an organic acid such as citric acid, lactic acid or ascorbic acid.
• mixtures comprise as compound Ili a herbicidal compound that is selected from the group N).
• the mixtures comprise as compounds III fungicidal compounds that are independently of each other selected from the group M), more preferably selected from prohexadion-calcium, ehephon and cyclanilide.
• mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group A) and particularly selected from azoxystrobin, dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin; famoxadone, fenamidone; benzovindiflupyr, bixafen, boscalid, fluopyram, fluxapyroxad, isopyrazam, penflufen, penthiopyrad, sedaxane; ametoctradin, cyazofamid, fluazinam, fentin salts, such as fentin acetate.
• azoxystrobin dimoxystrobin, fluoxastrobin, kresoxim-methyl, orysastrobin, picoxystrobin, pyraclostrobin, trifloxystrobin
• famoxadone f
• mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group B) and particularly selected from cyproconazole, difenoconazole, epoxiconazole, fluquinconazole, flusilazole, flutriafol, metconazole,
• myclobutanil penconazole, propiconazole, prothioconazole, triadimefon, triadimenol, tebuconazole, tetraconazole, triticonazole, prochloraz, fenarimol, triforine; dodemorph, fenpropimorph, tridemorph, fenpropidin, spiroxamine; fenhexamid.
• mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group E) and particularly selected from cyprodinil, mepanipyrim, pyrimethanil.
• mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group G) and particularly selected from dimethomorph, flumorph, iprovalicarb, benthiavalicarb, mandipropamid, propamocarb.
• mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group H) and particularly selected from copper acetate, copper hydroxide, copper oxychloride, copper sulfate, sulfur, mancozeb, metiram, propineb, thiram, captafol, folpet, chlorothalonil, dichlofluanid, dithianon.
• mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group J) and particularly selected from acibenzolar-S-methyl, probenazole, tiadinil, fosetyl, fosetyl-aluminium, H3PO3 and salts thereof.
• mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group K) and particularly selected from cymoxanil, proquinazid and A/-methyl-2- ⁇ 1 -[(5-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1 H-pyrazol-1 -yl)-acetyl]-piperidin-4-yl ⁇ -A/-[(1 R)- 1 ,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalen-1 -yl]-4-thiazolecarboxamide.
• mixtures comprise as compound III (component 3) at least one active substance selected from group L) and particularly selected from Bacillus subtilis strain NRRL No. B-21661 , Bacillus pumilus strain NRRL No. B-30087 and Ulocladium oudemansii .
• mixtures comprise as compound Ili a further insecticidal compound that is selected from the group O).
• component 3 is an extract of Acacia negra (see WO 2006/0210264), more preferably a water-based extract of Acacia negra.
• the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are suitable as plant growth regulators. They are distinguished by an outstanding effectiveness for accelerating or retarding the rate of growth or maturation or for otherwise altering the behavior of ornamental or crop plants or the produce thereof.
• An example of a plant growth regulator application is influencing the elongation of the aerial part of the plant (growth-regulatory). This extends to virtually all of the developmental stages of a plant.
• frost hardness may be increased substantially by means of plant growth regulation, for example in the case of winter oilseed rape.
• the vegetative development of the young oilseed rape plants after sowing and before the onset of winter frost is slowed down despite favorable growth conditions. Elongation and the development of too lush a foliar or plant biomass (which is therefore particularly sensitive to frost) are inhibited.
• the risk of frost damage of plants which tend toward premature breakdown of floral inhibition and tend to switch over to the generative phase is also reduced.
• inhibiting the vegetative growth makes possible denser planting of the soil in a number of crop plants so that higher yields based on the acreage can be achieved.
• higher yields both in terms of plant parts and in terms of plant constituents can be achieved by means of growth regulation.
• the active compounds may bring about increased yields by intervening in the plant metabolism or by promoting or inhibiting the vegetative and/or the generative growth.
• plant growth regulation may also bring about shortened or extended developmental stages or acceleration or delay in maturity of the harvested plant parts pre- or post-harvest.
• Defoliants, desiccants and ripeners are classified as harvest aid chemicals because they are commonly used to facilitate mechanical harvesting of cultivated plants or improve the quality of the harvested crop. Desiccation, defoliation and/or ripening of cultivated plants (crops) is a standard pre-harvest practice in certain cultivated plants such as cotton, tobacco, potatoes, tomatoes, oil seed rape, rice, sunflowers, soybean, field peas, lentil, sugar cane, dry beans and faba bean to increase harvest efficiency and crop quality.
• Defoliants, desiccants, and growth regulators are chemicals used in agricultural production to accelerate the preparation of crops for mechanical harvest.
• Defoliation resulting in removal of the foliage is mainly required in cotton and is a sensitive process. For a successful harvest, defoliation must be carefully timed and carried out.
• Defoliation may also to increase harvest efficiency, reduce lodging, reduce trash and lint staining and reduce cotton seed moisture. Poor defoliation can lower harvest quality, while defoliating too early lowers yield. Defoliating too late increases the likelihood of harvest rot and damage or loss due to weathering.
• Desiccation is the term used for a pre-harvest practice to rapidly kill vegetative growth or to promote uniform yellowing of the foliage of the respecitive crop plants e.g. in tobacco, potatoes, tomatoes, oil seed rape, rice, sunflowers, soybean, field peas, lentil, sugar cane and faba bean. This allows for rapid or more regular dry down and an earlier harvest. It can further help farmers plan their harvest operations, salvage crops which are ripening irregularly and produce harvest of increased quality, e.g. potato tuber quality.
• Ripeners are used for example in sugar cane to increase the sugar content of the harvest. Ripeners hasten plant maturity and prolong the period of maximum stalk sucrose concentration. Ripeners typically inhibit apical meristem growth. Presumably, this allows energy ordinarily used for vegetative growth to be diverted to the manufacturing and storing of sucrose. A ripener can also extend the period of high sucrose in responsive varieties. As a result of leaf desiccation, an improved trash burn at harvest can be expected. Most of the enhanced sucrose content will be concentrated in the top of the treated cane stalk. Ripener application rates can lead to an earlier harvest (e.g., 3 weeks after application) than sugarcane treated without any ripener treatment.
• mixtures and compositions according to the invention are particularly suitable as defoliants, desiccants and ripeners.
• the mixtures and compositions according to the invention can be used as defoliants in cotton.
• the mixtures and compositions according to the invention can be used as desiccants in tobacco, potato, tomato, oil seed rape, rice, sunflowers, soybean, dry bean, faba bean, field peas, lentil and sugar cane, more preferably in potato, soybean and sugar cane.
• the mixtures and compositions according to the invention can be used as ripener in sugar cane.
• growth regulation may bring about a reduction in the water consumption of plants. This is particulary important in the case of cropped areas which require artificial irrigation, which requires great financial input, for example in arid or semi-arid zones. Owing to the growth- regulatory application, the irrigation intensity may be reduced and farm economics improved.
• the effect of growth regulators may bring about better exploitation of the available water since, for example, the degree of stomatal opening is reduced, a thicker epidermis and cuticula are formed, root penetration into the soil is improved, the transpiring leaf surface area is reduced, or the microplant climate in the crop stand is advantageously affected by more compact growth.
• the plant growth regulating use according to the invention is particularly important for ornamentals, especially for fruit trees.
• the plant growth regulating use according to the invention is also particularly important for cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice, and in oilseed rape.
• a particular subject matter of the present invention is the use of the mixture according to the invention for improving root growth.
• the purpose of this use is predominantly the development of an increased number of root branches, longer roots and/or an increased root surface area. This improves the water and nutrient uptake capacity of the plants. This is advantageous in particular in the case of light, for example sandy, soils and/or when there is a lack of
• the storage root constitutes all or the major part of the plant organ to be harvested (for example other Brassicaceae such as radish, but also sugar beet, carrots or chicory).
• Improved root growth is particularly advantageous when this is accompanied by a reduction of the vegetative growth, that is to say in particular with inhibited shoot elongation (shortening) and/or reduced foliar biomass or plant biomass. Accordingly, the present use is advantageously directed at a reduction of the quotient of shoot biomass to root biomass.
• This use which is directed at the root development, takes place in particular in cereal production, for example for wheat, barley, oats and rye, also corn and rice, and very particularly in the case of plants which develop storage roots, such as Brassicacea, for example radish, predominantly oilseed rape and in particular winter oilseed rape, and sugarbeet, carrots or chicory. Oilseed rape production must be mentioned in particular in this context; this is where an improved root growth is particularly effective.
• this application which is directed at the development of roots, may gain particular importance under specific conditions, for example in the case of relatively dry soils and/or during the phase in which the plant develops the root system. With a simultaneous reduction of the shoot elongation, the improved root growth is particularly advantageous.
• the mixtures and compositions according to the invention are particularly important in the regulation of growth of various cultivated plants, such as cereals, e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice; beet, e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet; fruits, such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
• cereals e. g. wheat, rye, barley, triticale, oats or rice
• beet e. g. sugar beet or fodder beet
• fruits such as pomes, stone fruits or soft fruits, e. g.
• inventive mixtures and compositions are used for regulating the growth of field crops, such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
• field crops such as potatoes sugar beets, tobacco, wheat, rye, barley, oats, rice, corn, cotton, soybeans, rape, legumes, sunflowers, coffee or sugar cane; fruits; vines; ornamentals; or vegetables, such as cucumbers, tomatoes, beans or squashes.
• plant propagation material is to be understood to denote all the generative parts of the plant such as seeds and vegetative plant material such as cuttings and tubers (e. g.
• potatoes which can be used for the multiplication of the plant. This includes seeds, roots, fruits, tubers, bulbs, rhizomes, shoots, sprouts and other parts of plants, including seedlings and young plants, which are to be transplanted after germination or after emergence from soil.
• These young plants may also be treated before transplantation by a total or partial treatment by immersion or pouring.
• treatment of plant propagation materials with the inventive combination of a Quillay extract and compounds II and compositions thereof, respectively, is used for regulating growth of cereals, such as wheat, rye, barley and oats; rice, corn, cotton and soybeans.
• cultiva plants is to be understood as including plants which have been modified by breeding, mutagenesis or genetic engineering including but not limiting to agricultural biotech products on the market or in development (cf.
• Genetically modified plants are plants, which genetic material has been so modified by the use of recombinant DNA techniques that under natural circumstances cannot readily be obtained by cross breeding, mutations or natural recombination. Typically, one or more genes have been integrated into the genetic material of a genetically modified plant in order to improve certain properties of the plant.
• Such genetic modifications also include but are not limited to targeted post-transtional modification of protein(s), oligo- or polypeptides e. g. by glycosylation or polymer additions such as prenylated, acetylated or farnesylated moieties or PEG moieties.
• Plant propagation materials may be treated with the mixtures and compositions of the invention either at or before planting or transplanting.
• the invention also relates to agrochemical compositions comprising an auxiliary and at least a water-based Quillay extract and a compound II according to the invention.
• An agrochemical composition comprises a plant growth regulating effective amount of a Quillay extract and a compound II.
• the term "effective amount” denotes an amount of the composition or of the Quillay extract and of the compound II, which is sufficient for plant growth regulation of cultivated plants as defined above and which does not result in an unwanted damage to the treated plants. Such an amount can vary in a broad range and is dependent on various factors, such as environmental factors, the treated cultivated plant species and variety and climatic conditions.
• the Quillay extract and a compound II can be converted into customary types of
• compositions e.g. solutions, emulsions, suspensions, dusts, powders, pastes, granules, pressings, capsules, and mixtures thereof.
• composition types are suspensions (e.g. SC, OD, FS), emulsifiable concentrates (e.g. EC), emulsions (e.g. EW, EO, ES, ME), capsules (e.g. CS, ZC), pastes, pastilles, wettable powders or dusts (e.g. WP, SP, WS, DP, DS), pressings (e.g. BR, TB, DT), granules (e.g.
• compositions types are defined in the "Catalogue of pesticide formulation types and international coding system", Technical
• compositions are prepared in a known manner, such as described by Mollet and Grubemann, Formulation technology, Wiley VCH, Weinheim, 2001 ; or Knowles, New
• Suitable auxiliaries are solvents, liquid carriers, solid carriers or fillers, surfactants, dispersants, emulsifiers, wetters, adjuvants, solubilizers, penetration enhancers, protective colloids, adhesion agents, thickeners, humectants, repellents, attractants, feeding stimulants, compatibilizers, bactericides, anti-freezing agents, anti-foaming agents, colorants, tackifiers and binders.
• Suitable solvents and liquid carriers are water and organic solvents, such as mineral oil fractions of medium to high boiling point, e.g. kerosene, diesel oil; oils of vegetable or animal origin; aliphatic, cyclic and aromatic hydrocarbons, e. g. toluene, paraffin,
• tetrahydronaphthalene alkylated naphthalenes
• alcohols e.g. ethanol, propanol, butanol, benzylalcohol, cyclohexanol
• glycols DMSO
• ketones e.g. cyclohexanone
• esters e.g. lactates, carbonates, fatty acid esters, gamma-butyrolactone
• fatty acids phosphonates
• amines amides, e.g. N-methylpyrrolidone, fatty acid dimethylamides; and mixtures thereof.
• Suitable solid carriers or fillers are mineral earths, e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide; polysaccharides, e.g. cellulose, starch; fertilizers, e.g. ammonium sulfate, ammonium phosphate, ammonium nitrate, ureas; products of vegetable origin, e.g. cereal meal, tree bark meal, wood meal, nutshell meal, and mixtures thereof.
• mineral earths e.g. silicates, silica gels, talc, kaolins, limestone, lime, chalk, clays, dolomite, diatomaceous earth, bentonite, calcium sulfate, magnesium sulfate, magnesium oxide
• polysaccharides e.g. cellulose, starch
• fertilizers
• Suitable surfactants are surface-active compounds, such as anionic, cationic, nonionic and amphoteric surfactants, block polymers, polyelectrolytes, and mixtures thereof. Such surfactants can be used as emusifier, dispersant, solubilizer, wetter, penetration enhancer, protective colloid, or adjuvant. Examples of surfactants are listed in McCutcheon's, Vol.1 : Emulsifiers & Detergents, McCutcheon's Directories, Glen Rock, USA, 2008 (International Ed. or North American Ed.).
• Suitable anionic surfactants are alkali, alkaline earth or ammonium salts of sulfonates, sulfates, phosphates, carboxylates, and mixtures thereof.
• sulfonates are alkylarylsulfonates, diphenylsulfonates, alpha-olefin sulfonates, lignine sulfonates, sulfonates of fatty acids and oils, sulfonates of ethoxylated alkylphenols, sulfonates of alkoxylated
• tridecylbenzenes sulfonates of naphthalenes and alkylnaphthalenes, sulfosuccinates or sulfosuccinamates.
• sulfates are sulfates of fatty acids and oils, of ethoxylated alkylphenols, of alcohols, of ethoxylated alcohols, or of fatty acid esters.
• phosphates are phosphate esters.
• carboxylates are alkyl carboxylates, and carboxylated alcohol or alkylphenol ethoxylates.
• Suitable nonionic surfactants are alkoxylates, N-subsituted fatty acid amides, amine oxides, esters, sugar-based surfactants, polymeric surfactants, and mixtures thereof.
• alkoxylates are compounds such as alcohols, alkylphenols, amines, amides, arylphenols, fatty acids or fatty acid esters which have been alkoxylated with 1 to 50 equivalents.
• Ethylene oxide and/or propylene oxide may be employed for the alkoxylation, preferably ethylene oxide.
• N-subsititued fatty acid amides are fatty acid glucamides or fatty acid
• esters are fatty acid esters, glycerol esters or monoglycerides.
• sugar-based surfactants are sorbitans, ethoxylated sorbitans, sucrose and glucose esters or alkylpolyglucosides.
• polymeric surfactants are home- or copolymers of vinylpyrrolidone, vinylalcohols, or vinylacetate.
• Suitable cationic surfactants are quaternary surfactants, for example quaternary ammonium compounds with one or two hydrophobic groups, or salts of long-chain primary amines.
• Suitable amphoteric surfactants are alkylbetains and imidazolines.
• Suitable block polymers are block polymers of the A-B or A-B-A type comprising blocks of polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide, or of the A-B-C type comprising alkanol, polyethylene oxide and polypropylene oxide.
• Suitable polyelectrolytes are polyacids or polybases. Examples of polyacids are alkali salts of polyacrylic acid or polyacid comb polymers. Examples of polybases are polyvinylamines or polyethyleneamines.
• Suitable adjuvants are compounds, which have a neglectable or even no pesticidal activity themselves, and which improve the biological performance of the active ingredient on the target.
• examples are surfactants, mineral or vegetable oils, and other auxilaries. Further examples are listed by Knowles, Adjuvants and additives, Agrow Reports DS256, T&F Informa UK, 2006, chapter 5.
• Suitable thickeners are polysaccharides (e.g. xanthan gum, carboxymethylcellulose), anorganic clays (organically modified or unmodified), polycarboxylates, and silicates.
• Suitable bactericides are bronopol and isothiazolinone derivatives such as alkylisothiazolinones and benzisothiazolinones.
• Suitable anti-freezing agents are ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, urea and glycerin.
• Suitable anti-foaming agents are silicones, long chain alcohols, and salts of fatty acids.
• Suitable colorants e.g. in red, blue, or green are pigments of low water solubility and water-soluble dyes.
• Suitable tackifiers or binders are polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyvinylacetates, polyvinyl alcohols, polyacrylates, biological or synthetic waxes, and cellulose ethers.
• the solid material (total dry matter) of the Quillay extract is considered as active component (e.g. to be obtained after drying or evaporation of the extraction medium).
• the (weight) ratios used herein for the Quillay extract are based on the total weight of the dry content (solid material) of the extract.
• the agrochemical compositions generally comprise between 0.01 and 95%, preferably between 0.1 and 90%, and in particular between 0.5 and 75%, by weight of active components.
• Solutions for seed treatment (LS), suspoemulsions (SE), flowable concentrates (FS), powders for dry treatment (DS), water-dispersible powders for slurry treatment (WS), water- soluble powders (SS), emulsions (ES), emulsifiable concentrates (EC) and gels (GF) are usually employed for the purposes of treatment of plant propagation materials, particularly seeds.
• the compositions in question give, after two-to-tenfold dilution, active components concentrations of from 0.01 to 60% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 40%, in the ready-to-use preparations.
• Methods for applying or treating with the Quillay extract and compound II and compositions thereof, respectively, on to plant propagation material, especially seeds include dressing, coating, pelleting, dusting, soaking and in-furrow application methods of the propagation material.
• the Quillay extract and compound II or the compositions thereof, respectively are applied on to the plant propagation material by a method such that germination is not induced, e. g. by seed dressing, pelleting, coating and dusting.
• the amounts of active components applied are, depending on the kind of effect desired, from 0.001 to 10 kg per ha, preferably from 0.005 to 2 kg per ha, more preferably from 0.05 to 0.9 kg per ha, in particular from 0.1 to 0.75 kg per ha.
• amounts of active components of from 0.1 to 10000 g, preferably from 1 to 2000 g, more preferably from 1 to 500 g and most preferably from 5 to 100 g, per 100 kilogram of plant propagation material (preferably seed) are generally required.
• Amounts customarily applied in the protection of materials are 0.001 g to 2 kg, preferably 0.005 g to 1 kg, of active components per cubic meter of treated material.
• oils, wetters, adjuvants, fertilizer, or micronutrients, and further pesticides may be added to the active substances or the compositions comprising them as premix or, if appropriate not until immediately prior to use (tank mix).
• pesticides e.g. herbicides, insecticides, fungicides, growth regulators, safeners
• These agents can be admixed with the compositions according to the invention in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , preferably 1 :10 to 10:1.
• a polyether polymethylsiloxane copolymer may be added to the composition accoding to the invention, preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , more preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :10 to 10:1 , in particular in a weight ratio of 1 :5 to 5:1 based on the total weight of the dry content of Quillay extract and the amount of respective compound II together.
• a mineral oil or a vegetable oil may be added to the composition according to the invention, preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , more preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :10 to 10:1 , in particular in a weight ratio of 1 :5 to 5:1 based on the total weight of the dry content of Quillay extract and the amount of respective compound II together.
• an organic acid such as citric acid, lactic acid or ascorbic acid may be added to the composition according to the invention, preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :100 to 100:1 , more preferably in a weight ratio of 1 :10 to 10:1 , in particular in a weight ratio of 1 :5 to 5:1 based on the total weight of the dry content of Quillay extract and the amount of respective compound II together.
• the user applies the composition according to the invention usually from a predosage device, a knapsack sprayer, a spray tank, a spray plane, or an irrigation system.
• the agrochemical composition is made up with water, buffer, and/or further auxiliaries to the desired application concentration and the ready-to-use spray liquor or the agrochemical composition according to the invention is thus obtained.
• 20 to 2000 liters, preferably 50 to 400 liters, of the ready-to-use spray liquor are applied per hectare of agricultural useful area.
• composition according to the invention such as parts of a kit or parts of a binary or ternary mixture may be mixed by the user himself in a spray tank and further auxiliaries may be added, if appropriate.
• the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) generally depends from the properties of the active components used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 , even more preferably in the range of from 1 :4 to 4:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :2 to 2:1.
• the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 100:1 to 1 :1 , regularly in the range of from 50:1 to 1 :1 , preferably in the range of from 20:1 to 1 :1 , more preferably in the range of from 10:1 to 1 :1 , even more preferably in the range of from 4:1 to 1 :1 and in particular in the range of from 2:1 to 1 :1.
• the weight ratio of the component 1 ) and the component 2) usually is in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :100, regularly in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :50, preferably in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :20, more preferably in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :10, even more preferably in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :4 and in particular in the range of from 1 :1 to 1 :2.
• the Quillay extract is used in excess as compared to the compound II, i.e. the weight ratio of the Quillay extract versus compound II usually is in the range of from 100:1 to 1 :1 , regularly in the range of from 50:1 to 1 :1 , preferably in the range of from 20:1 to 1 :1 , more preferably in the range of from 10:1 to 1 :1 , even more preferably in the range of from 4:1 to 1 :1 , e.g. of from 3:1 to 1 :1 , and in particular in the range of from 2:1 to 1 :1 .
• the amount of Quillay extract is based on the amount of the solid material (dry matter).
• the solid material may contain at most 5% by weight, preferably at most 2% by weight, based on the total weight of the solid material, of residual liquid components, such as extractants (in general water, possibly also alcohol; mostly however residual moisture).
• the weight ratio of component 1 ) and component 2) depends from the properties of the active substances used, usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :4 to 4: 1 , and the weight ratio of component 1 ) and component 3) usually it is in the range of from 1 :100 to 100:1 , regularly in the range of from 1 :50 to 50:1 , preferably in the range of from 1 :20 to 20:1 , more preferably in the range of from 1 :10 to 10:1 and in particular in the range of from 1 :4 to 4: 1.
• any further active components are, if desired, added in a ratio of from 20:1 to 1 :20 to the component 1 ).
• the compound ratios are advantageously chosen so as to produce a synergistic effect.
• the relative amount i.e. the weight ratio of the Quillay extract and the at least one compound II in the mixture or composition provides for an increased plant growth regulating efficacy which exceeds the additive plant growth regulating efficacy of the
• the components can be used individually or already partially or completely mixed with one another to prepare the composition according to the invention. It is also possible for them to be packaged and used as combination such as a kit of parts.

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Cited By (24)

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• 2013
  • 2013-12-04 WO PCT/EP2013/075528 patent/WO2014086854A1/fr active Application Filing

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