WO2004005682A1

WO2004005682A1 - Four-chamber single-cylinder four-stroke engine with permanently energized piston for reciprocating internal combustion engines

Info

Publication number: WO2004005682A1
Application number: PCT/CH2002/000396
Authority: WO
Inventors: Walter Moser
Original assignee: Walter Moser
Priority date: 2002-07-03
Filing date: 2002-07-16
Publication date: 2004-01-15
Also published as: AU2002344920A1

Abstract

The invention relates to a device for causally driving an internal combustion engine in the form of a closed cylinder comprising one piston and two opposite cylinder head regions. The two cylinder head regions are configured as two valve regions, off-set relative each other in the direction of stroke of the piston by the length of stroke and having respective matching semicircular cross-sections, and are disposed opposite each other in such a manner that they interact with the similarly configured piston heads to form four chambers with heights varying with the piston stroke. These four chambers are energized by means of the inlet and outlet valves of their respective valve regions according to the physical principle of four-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engines in permanent alteration between the four chambers and between the two cylinder head regions in such a manner that every single piston stroke is energized. The frictional connection between the piston and the crankshaft is established by two diametrically opposite connecting rods that are driven by piston pins that move inside longitudinal slots in the cylinder wall. The inventive device effectively combines the advantages of reciprocating and rotary piston engines while avoiding the fundamental disadvantages thereof, and reduces production costs and environmental impact.

Description

4-CHAMBER-1 CYLINDER 4-STROKE ENGINE WITH PERMANENTLY ENERGIZED PISTON FOR PISTON PISTON COMBUSTION ENGINES

The invention relates to a device for the causal drive of internal combustion engines according to the preamble of independent patent claim 1. The device is a closed cylinder with two-sided cylinder head regions designed in such a way that a correspondingly designed piston forms four dynamic chambers in this cylinder, each like a cylinder 4-stroke engines work. The four chambers are constantly alternating so energized that every stroke of the piston is energized. The frictional connection from the piston to the crankshaft by means of two connecting rods takes place through two longitudinal slots in the cylinder jacket.

REASON OF THE INVENTION

The 4-stroke Otto engine, which uses fossil fuel in the form of gasoline, dominates in engine construction, especially for engines for passenger cars.

The 4-stroke diesel engine is unfortunately only used relatively little in passenger cars due to its higher development costs, although it consumes much less and cheaper fuel, the heat engine is the most thermally efficient and therefore has a higher torque and is much more durable than a gasoline engine. For these reasons, diesel engines are much cheaper than petrol engines with an overall balance of benefits, environmental impact and resource consumption if life-sustaining ecology and life-making resources are treated responsibly. The exhaust gases from diesel engines are no more harmful to the environment than those from gasoline engines if the same efforts are made as for gasoline engines, such as the combustion of soot particles and the corresponding filter before the exhaust gases are released into the atmosphere.

The rotary piston engine according to Wankel, which brilliantly avoids opposite mass movements, does not require a valve drive, has fewer components, less weight and a smaller size, unfortunately has sealing problems due to its design features, which require exceptional technical effort and costs, and nevertheless, due to its high heat losses, a relatively high petrol consumption cause.

Electric motors have fundamental problems with regard to the storage capacity of their electrical drive energy. Very heavy batteries with extremely long charging times, which significantly impair availability, are permanently necessary, even when the energy storage device is discharged and the engine output is greatly reduced. The use of energy and resources to generate and provide electrical energy is a multiple of the energy available for the mileage and is both relatively and absolutely unequally higher than in gasoline and diesel engines. In addition, electrical energy is mostly harmful to the environment and often extremely risky for life, for example by nuclear power plants with risks that are barely manageable in the long term and nuclear waste that cannot be managed responsibly. A realistic, ethically responsible overall balance of electric motors for individually operated vehicles is therefore very negative. The hydrogen engines, which are only just beginning to be usable, require a great deal of oxygen. It is questionable whether such in the extreme climatic changes and the resulting, including the direct destruction of flora by humans, i.e. the destruction of vital oxygen producers by and due to civilizations, will be available to the extent necessary in the long term, without the exodus of these civilizations and Accelerate life at all. In addition, there are extraordinary problems for producing, transporting and transporting the many 100 ° C liquid hydrogen and storing it at a usable temperature in the tank of a motor vehicle.

In general, all previous engines require resources to an extent and directly and indirectly pollute nature through emissions to such an extent that the limits of individual mobility have already been clearly exceeded by the limits of the permanent resilience of the natural foundations of human life and of life in general. This is evidently evidenced by the permanent increase in C02 emissions, which are very largely caused by engines, with the resulting global warming, greenhouse effect, acid rain and massive indicators such as species extinction, mutations of plants, animals and humans as well as the most diverse, permanently accumulating and increasing Intensity increasing, worldwide natural disasters.

Therefore, for people and their world to survive, it is imperative on the one hand to attract mass transport, on the other hand to change individual mobility so that it can be held responsible in the long term. The latter is partly possible through legal limits for automobiles, such as reduced maximum speeds, maximum performance, maximum weights, maximum fuel consumption, maximum exhaust emissions. The fundamental, extremely important need for such measures is shown by the half-life of C02. It is around 100 years!

Due to the psychological conditions of humans and the resulting social mechanisms, it is unfortunately not possible to implement major changes in general behavior from one day to the next that are more responsible for the world. This is only possible in the long term, provided that politicians and the business community assume their responsibilities and are less in tune with the wishes of the masses or specifically influence their will in order to remain in power or to maximize profits and secure benefits. Irrespective of this, it is not pragmatically feasible to implement completely different technologies with different infrastructural framework conditions from today to tomorrow.

For these complex reasons, it is currently imperative to build motors that (without inevitable detours from new, time-consuming and time-consuming to optimize, and after complex, realistic evaluation also durable, because altogether justifiable, processes, using highly sophisticated techniques, drive energies Use better than today, which means that it uses far fewer resources of all kinds and causes significantly fewer environmentally damaging emissions.This is the proven, basically simple, relatively easy to implement and extremely sophisticated 4-stroke principle of reciprocating internal combustion engines, so-called 4-stroke - Engines to improve decisively in its causal basis 4-stroke engines according to Otto and Diesel have a serious, fundamental shortcoming. Due to their physical principle, with first suction movement, second compression movement, third work-making explosion movement and fourth ejection movement of the piston, four opposing mass movements of the piston take place by means of an energy release. That means: Despite all the technical efforts and friction-reducing lubrication, three of the piston movements, which are only dragged in opposite directions, together with their inevitable friction losses through reversal and conversion into the rotary motion of the crankshaft, partially destroy the explosion energy of the fuel by the engine itself and only one of the four Cylinder movements are converted, even with reduced energy, into the required rotating work.

TASK

It is to invent a cylinder-piston unit as the causal drive of internal combustion engines, which, in contrast to 4-stroke Otto and Diesel engines, avoids the three entrained piston movements, which not only are useless in terms of energy, but also avoids drive energy and destroys drive energy Requires fuel and thus automatically causes lower exhaust emissions by energizing every single piston movement, but the technically mature, secondary engine technologies of 4-stroke engines are still used.

SOLUTION TO THE TASK

The present invention solves this problem according to the characterization of independent claim 1. Its advantages over the prior art are based on the fact that each individual piston movement of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine working according to the 4-stroke principle is energized. Compared to previous 4-stroke engines, ineffective fuel consumption due to their three non-energized piston movements, which use fuel due to frictional losses, is therefore avoided, which is why, secondly, greater engine performance and thirdly, inevitably low emissions of the environment. Fourthly, compared to previous 4-stroke engines, the construction of an engine with the present invention results in significantly lower material requirements, lower energy requirements and consequently lower costs.

The invention is thus an essential contribution to a more responsible handling of the life-supporting ecosystem and the life-enabling resources of our world.

A. DEVICE ACCORDING TO THE INVENTION

The device according to the invention is a cylinder-piston unit. It serves to drive internal combustion engines. Their advantages over the prior art are according to the invention by the following paragraphs a) to c). founded.

a) The cylinder is not open on one of its two ends, as is the case with Otto and Diesel engines, but is closed on both sides, with two opposing areas of the cylinder head. Each of these two cylinder head areas has two valve areas (2, 3, 4, 5), each in the form of the semicircular surface of the cylinder and with associated intake and exhaust valves according to the physical principles of previous 4-stroke engines, with all four valve areas each being designed as functional cylinder heads. The two valve areas of each of the two cylinder head areas are offset in the stroke direction of the piston by the sum of its stroke dimension (H) plus the peak dimension (S) of the minimum dynamic chamber distance.

b) The piston (6) is formed at its two ends and has such a length that, in supplementary interaction with the shape of the cylinder described, it has four identical, but separate and permanently changing chambers due to the piston movements in their heights (7, 8, 9, 10). The four chambers are in constant alternation between themselves and between the two cylinder head areas, namely in the permanently repeating sequence of the chambers (9), (8), (10), (7), so energized that, by the respective Explosion of the compressed fuel-air mixture caused in one of them, every single stroke movement of the common piston is energized and in every single chamber, in cooperation with the stroke movement of the piston, the four working cycles of the physical principle of a 4-stroke engine take place, whereby the three energy-destroying, non-energized, opposing mass movements of pistons of previous 4-stroke engines are avoided and each piston stroke does the job.

c) The power transmission from the reciprocating piston to the rotating movement of the crankshaft of the engine takes place by means of two connecting rods. In contrast to Otto and Diesel engines, the connecting rods move completely outside the side of the cylinder in a plane parallel to the stroke direction of the piston and are driven by the piston pins (1 1), which are located on the side of the piston and through the two piston pin slots ( 12) Grip into the piston pin eyes in the cylinder jacket. The two piston pin slots are located diametrically in the cylinder in the center of the arc of the respective semicircular piston part and are offset in the longitudinal direction of the piston by its stroke dimension (H) plus the crown dimension (S). The two connecting rods therefore do not drive the crankshaft of the engine eccentrically, but instead automatically balance them, which results in a smoother running of the engine as well as lower demands on the precision of the crankshaft and its bearings and thus also lower energy consumption, lower costs and less environmental pollution during its manufacture ,

1 (FIG. 1 a = cylinder, FIG. 1 b = piston) shows the principle of the device in a penetration representation, with the representation of the spatial configurations of the four valve regions (2, 3, 4, 5) and the detailed representation of the connecting rods is dispensed with. (1) designates the cylinder, (11) designates the piston pin, (12) designates the piston pin slots in the cylinder jacket.

Fig. 2 shows a schematic representation of the longitudinal section of the device, the functional sequence of the device in the form of eight dynamic moments of the relevant work phases according to the physical principle of 4-stroke engines. (L) denotes air, (K) compression, (Z) explosion ignition, (E) explosion expansion = energy = work, (A) exhaust gas. The arrows show the directions of movement different materials. The representation of the inlet and outlet valves of the 4 valve areas according to the 4-stroke principle has been omitted.

Fig. 3 shows a basic representation of the device, wherein the cylinder is shown with solid lines and the piston with dashed lines. The second piston pin and its piston pin slot are not shown because of the legibility of the principle. This second piston pin together with its piston pin slot result analogously to the piston pin (11) shown and its piston pin slot (12) on the diametrical cylinder side. (H) denotes the stroke dimension of the piston, (S) denotes the minimum crest dimension (= decisive for the tightness) between the permanently changing 4 cylinder chambers, (R) defines the radius of the cylinder.

B. EXEMPLARY SPECIFICATIONS

a) The crest dimension (S) is determined, according to specific operating requirements as well as the materials used and the manufacturing conditions of the device, by the demands on the tightness between the two adjacent chambers (7) and (8) and between the two adjacent chambers (9) and (10).

b) The relationships between the dimensional dimensions of the device correspond to the specifically used materials and the specific operational requirements, e.g. Use of the device in diesel or gasoline engines, in fast or slow-running engines, in engines with more long or short stroke characteristics, in engines with less or more power and the respectively optimized fuel consumption.

c) The valve areas are designed according to different operating requirements in the sense of cylinder heads of previous 4-stroke engines.

d) Taking into account the criteria selected in accordance with the respective specific operating requirements, by mutually optimizing these criteria and taking into account the resulting thermal conditions, special materials can be used for individual elements of the device, such as special ceramic materials for flat sliding surfaces.

C. ADVANTAGES OVER PREVIOUS 4-STROKE ENGINES AND ADVANTAGES OF GENERAL ART

a) Because the three non-working but opposing mass movements of the pistons of previous 4-stroke engines, which partially consume the work of the only narrow piston stroke, are avoided, only friction and energy losses result from the conversion of the opposing piston movements into the rotating movement of the crankshaft , thus a significantly better use of fuel energy and, as a result, significantly lower exhaust gas emissions. b) The device according to the invention with only one cylinder and only one piston corresponds to four cylinder-piston units of previous 4-stroke engines. Even if the device is larger than a single cylinder-piston unit of previous 4-stroke engines, it is, with the same output, considerably smaller than the sum of its four cylinder-piston units. This results in both lower material requirements, i.e. resource conservation, and lower energy consumption, i.e. lower environmental pollution, both in the manufacture of this causal drive unit of an engine and the same positive effects for many of its other parts, i.e. a smaller volume of the entire engine, lower construction costs , lower weight and thus lower, useless energy consumption.

These criteria have the same effect on the vehicle bodies, the volume reductions of which result in analogous ecological and economic effects.

c) The stroke frequency of the piston is, because of the performance of the device according to the invention with each individual piston stroke, only about a quarter as fast as that of previous 4-stroke engines and thus many other engine sequences are significantly slower, from which diverse, clear Reduced technical requirements with lower development costs, lower environmental impact and lower resource consumption result.

d) A motor operated with the device according to the invention runs more evenly because of the energy of each individual piston stroke, and also quieter because of the lower stroke frequency, and nevertheless has a significantly higher torque than previous 4-stroke engines of the same displacement, even at low speeds.

e) The positive criteria of the device according to the invention are bundled particularly effectively when they are used in diesel engines which are in any case advantageous, in which, owing to the specific properties of the device according to the invention, no flywheel is regularly necessary because each piston stroke is energized and therefore no dead masses by means of a flywheel must be kept in constant motion.

f) When an engine is idling, the valves of the chambers can be controlled in such a way that only one of the four chambers is fueled, which means that the engine is running and therefore negative effects of its starting are avoided, but its useless fuel consumption is around a quarter of that previously 4-stroke engines is reduced. As a result, the device according to the invention, e.g. at traffic light stops, in stop-and-go traffic and in traffic jams, both drastic fuel savings and drastic reductions in harmful emissions.

g) The highly sophisticated techniques of previous 4-stroke engines, which are independent of the principle of the device according to the invention, can still be used, which on the one hand saves costs and on the other hand does not require more complex and expensive different types of technical engine concepts including the resulting specific infrastructures. h) In the case of an engine with two devices according to the invention, a previous 8-cylinder engine is created, which because of the advantages of the invention mentioned has significantly better properties and is much cheaper than previous 8-cylinder engines. Therefore, such a versatile advantageous engine can be installed in significantly more vehicles than before.

i) For commercial vehicles, also for ships, with several devices according to the invention in their diesel engines, there are extremely serious advantages in terms of construction costs, performance in Nm, fuel consumption and environmental pollution compared to their previous 4-stroke engines.

k) When the device is embodied as turbo-diesel, all the positive effects of the invention are optimally bundled with the positive effects of previous engine technologies, which is why turbo-diesel execution is generally desirable

CONCLUSION

Overall, the device according to the invention, which is effectively a combination of the basic advantages of a reciprocating piston engine and a rotary piston engine and, with its turbine-like characteristics, avoids the respective disadvantages thereof

• Lower energy and material consumption in the manufacture of engines operated with it

• lower fuel consumption with

• resulting conservation of fossil fuel resources and

• As a result, lower emissions from exhaust gases that destroy the Earth's climate

• with better engine properties at the same time

• A significantly better price-performance ratio for manufacturers and for users and

• A much better overall balance of economic effects and the burden on the ecology than all previous motor principles, especially for the life-preserving and life-enabling nature.

The device according to the invention, the "4-1 -4 motor", is thus a serious technical evolution for the benefit of vital needs of human society with a given, but significantly improved, protection of life in general.

It is therefore extremely sensible, cheap and necessary to implement the device according to the invention as quickly as possible for various uses, in particular for motor vehicles, for economic, ecological and social reasons, to optimize it in accordance with the above-mentioned, diverse positive criteria, and to optimize the partly required to develop relatively minor modifications of secondary engine technologies with the greatest commitment.

Claims

PATENT cLAIM

Device for the causal drive of internal combustion engines, characterized in that a piston (6) moves back and forth in a closed cylinder (1) and thereby four chambers (7, 8, 9, 10) in the sense of 4 cylinders from to 4-stroke reciprocating internal combustion engines, so-called 4-stroke engines, is formed by the cylinder having two opposing cylinder head areas, each with two valve areas (2, 3, 4, 5), all four valve areas as cylinder heads with single and Exhaust valves are designed according to 4-stroke engines, the valve areas (2) and (3) and the valve areas (4) and (5) have semicircular cross-sections, the two valve areas of each of the two cylinder head areas, each along their common circular section straight line, in the stroke direction of the piston by its stroke dimension (H) plus the crown dimension (S) are offset against each other, the crown dimension (S) being the required tightness between the Chambers (7) and (8) and between the chambers (9) and (10) guaranteed, which is required for these chambers according to the different physical processes of the principle of 4-stroke engines, the piston is designed at both ends and of such a length that, in the interaction of the piston designs corresponding to the cylinder head regions and the stroke movements of the piston, the four working cycles of 4-stroke engines take place in all four chambers, with the explosions of the compressed fuel-air mixtures in the individual chambers take place in the permanently repeating sequence of the chambers (7), (9), (8), (10), thereby complementing these four work cycles in the four chambers in such a way that every single stroke movement of the common piston is energized, those three stroke movements of the pistons of previous 4-stroke engines that do no work, but partially destroy the work performed by the only energized piston stroke n, are avoided and the reciprocating stroke movement of the piston is converted into the rotating movement of a crankshaft by means of two connecting rods, in that the piston pins (11) located on the side of the piston and at right angles to its stroke direction pass through the piston pin slots (12) in the cylinder jacket reach into the piston pin eyes of these connecting rods, which are located completely outside the cylinder and move in the plane that are parallel to the stroke direction of the piston, the piston pin slots being arranged in such a way that they are in the stroke direction of the piston by the stroke dimension (H) plus the crown dimension ( S) are offset from one another, which is why the crankshaft driven by the connecting rods is not eccentrically driven, but balanced, which results in a smoother running of the engine and lower demands on the precision of the crankshaft and its bearings.