US3778641A - Arrangement for alternation of two outputs in dependence on a change in the direction of a current appearing on an input - Google Patents

Arrangement for alternation of two outputs in dependence on a change in the direction of a current appearing on an input Download PDF

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US3778641A
US3778641A US00219389A US3778641DA US3778641A US 3778641 A US3778641 A US 3778641A US 00219389 A US00219389 A US 00219389A US 3778641D A US3778641D A US 3778641DA US 3778641 A US3778641 A US 3778641A
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switching elements
pair
switching
arrangement
current
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US00219389A
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S Persson
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Telefonaktiebolaget LM Ericsson AB
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/78—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled
    • H03K17/795—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/7955—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used using opto-electronic devices, i.e. light-emitting and photoelectric devices electrically- or optically-coupled controlling bipolar transistors using phototransistors
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
    • H03K—PULSE TECHNIQUE
    • H03K17/00—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking
    • H03K17/51—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used
    • H03K17/56—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices
    • H03K17/60—Electronic switching or gating, i.e. not by contact-making and –breaking characterised by the components used by the use, as active elements, of semiconductor devices the devices being bipolar transistors
    • H03K17/66—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will
    • H03K17/661—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will connected to both load terminals
    • H03K17/662—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will connected to both load terminals each output circuit comprising more than one controlled bipolar transistor
    • H03K17/663—Switching arrangements for passing the current in either direction at will; Switching arrangements for reversing the current at will connected to both load terminals each output circuit comprising more than one controlled bipolar transistor using complementary bipolar transistors

Definitions

  • the arrangement in accordance with the present invention carries out an alternation of the polarities of two output terminals upon a change in the direction of an input current such that the polarities of the output terminals always represent the actual direction of the input current.
  • one transistor in each of two pairs of transistors is made conducting and for the other direction of said current, the other transistor in each of said pairs is made conducting, whereby in the first case a reference potential is connected to one of the output terminals and in the other case the reference potential is connected to the other of the output terminals.
  • the present invention relates to an arrangement for the alternation of two output terminals upon a change in the current direction of a signal appearing on an input terminal.
  • An object of the present invention is primarily to provide an alternative to polurity switching arrangements, for example, those being built up by conventional relays.
  • the arrangement according to the present invention has the advantages of a simple construction, freedom from maintenance and reliability of operation, and consequently is particularly economically competitive with arrangements known in the art.
  • Transistor T is connected between a first potential, which in the embodiment has been chosen as a positive potential and the first output terminal U of the two terminals U and U of the arrangement. Transistor T is connected between said positive potential and another output terminal U Transistors T and T consist of pnp-transistors.
  • Transistors T and T consist of npn-transistors.
  • the control circuits of transistors T and T are interconnected via a resistor R, and the same is the case with the control circuits of transistor T and T which are interconnected through a resistor R
  • a third main current in dependence on a control current conducting element is included in the control circuits and comprises transistors T and T transistor T being associated with transistors T and T and transistor T being associated with transistors T and T
  • the control circuits of transistors T and T are connected to the input of the arrangement through luminescent or lightemitting diodes L and L which are connected in antiparallel to a conductor (not shown), in which the arrangement is assumed to be inserted via the terminals I and I
  • the luminescent diodes are thereby connected to the conductor through zener diodes Z and Z the zener voltages of which are assumed to be below the inverse voltages of the luminescent diodes L and L
  • the incoming signal through the conductor to the arrangement is applied to the same through a timing circuit indicated by a capacitor C and a resist
  • the luminescent diode L will be activated in case the value of the incoming signal exceeds the value of the zener voltage of the zener diode Z Transistor T will consequently be activated thus starting to conduct a collector-emitter-current.
  • the result is that the pnptransistor T as well as the npn-transistorT will saturate.
  • the saturation of transistor T results in that the one output U is connected to the positive potential, while the saturation of transistor T results in that the second output U is connected to the negative potential.
  • transistor T Upon a reversed current direction when the incoming signal instead is connected through the terminal 1, the activation of transistor T ceases, while instead transistor T is activated. Thus transistor T starts to conduct thus causing the transistors T and T, to saturate. through transistor T, the negative potential will be connected to the first output U and through transistor T the positive potential will be connected to the other output U As long asthis incoming signal is present the arrangement will accordingly maintain both of its output terminals at these potentials which is not the case during the absence of said signal.
  • the zener voltages for the zener diodes Z, and Z as well as a suitable dimensioning of the timing circuit represented by the capacitor C and resistor R it is assured that the transistor pairs T T and T T are not conducting at the same time. Hence, a short circuit between the elements T T and T T respectively, is avoided.
  • blocking circuits can be arranged for the nonconducting element pair T T and T T respectively, the blocking circuits of which are initiated by the conducting element pair.
  • the blocking circuits include the luminescent diode, L -L which operate together with the associated photo-transistors Ft -Ft Each of the transistors T T is thereby connected in series with one of the luminescent diodes L L When an element pair, T,, T; for instance, is conducting, luminescent diodes L and L; are ignited.
  • the activated photo tran sistors Ft and Ft are so connected in order to block the base current (the same as the collector-emittercurrent of transistor T of the other element pair which in the chosen case consist of transistors T,, T,.
  • the element pair T,, T blocks the current of the element pair T,, T
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiments, which have been described above.
  • the construction of the input circuits can be varied widely without departing from the basic idea of the invention.
  • the above-described circuits for blocking the nonconducting element pair can be omitted and, in case they are used, the luminescent diodes can be replaced with, for instance, lamps.
  • the invention is not either limited to the chosen combination of pnpand npn-transistors or to shown potentials. It is also possible to replace the transistors with other switching elements showing the necessary characteristics.
  • An electronic switching arrangement having an input terminal and two output terminals for the alternation of the polarity of the output terminals upon a change in the direction of a current passing through said input terminal and maintaining said polarity of the output terminals only as long as said current flows comprising:
  • each of said switching elements having a control circuit for causing said switching elements to conduct a first main current
  • each of said switching elements having a control circuit for causing said switching elements to conduct a second main current
  • each of said switching elements having a first main electrode, a second main electrode and light sensitive control means;
  • first and second blocking circuit means connected to said first and second source of potential, respectively, said blocking circuits allowing potential to pass to the control circuit of the first switching element of the first pair of switching elements when the second element of the same pair is conducting and to the control circuit of the second switching element of the second pair of switching elements when the first switching element of the second pair of switching elements is conducting, and vice versa.
  • said light emitting unidirectional conducting means consist of luminescent diodes and said further switching elements consist of photo transistors, said luminescent diodes being optically coupled to each of said photo transistors forming said further switching element pair.

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  • Electronic Switches (AREA)
  • Led Devices (AREA)
  • Control Of Electrical Variables (AREA)
  • Amplifiers (AREA)

Abstract

The arrangement in accordance with the present invention carries out an alternation of the polarities of two output terminals upon a change in the direction of an input current such that the polarities of the output terminals always represent the actual direction of the input current. For one direction of the current one transistor in each of two pairs of transistors is made conducting and for the other direction of said current, the other transistor in each of said pairs is made conducting, whereby in the first case a reference potential is connected to one of the output terminals and in the other case the reference potential is connected to the other of the output terminals.

Description

United States Patent 1 Persson 1 Dec. 11, 1973 [75] lnventor: Sven-Eric Gote Persson, Farst Sweden [73] Assignee: Teleionaktiebolaget L.M., Ericsson,
Stockholm, Sweden [22] Filed: Jan. 20, 1972 [21] Appl. No.: 219,389
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Jan. 29, 1971 Sweden 1056/71 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 11/1961 Baker 307/288 11/1968 Biard et al. 250/217 SS X 6/1972 Bankovic 307/255 X 10/1966 Archer 307/317 X 3,315,176 4/1967 Biard 250/217 SS X 3,042,810 7/1962 Rochelle 307/288 X 3,304,431 2/1967 Biard et a1. 307/311 X 3,417,249 12/1968 Akmenkalns et al 250/217 SS 3,492,488 l/1970 Goettelmann 307/311 X 3,524,986 8/1970 Harnden, Jr. 307/311 X OTHER PUBLICATIONS Silicon Zener Diode and Rectifier Handbook, 2nd Edition, p. 98-100, Motorola, Inc.
Primary Examiner-John W. Huckert Assistant ExaminerL. N. Anagnos Attorney-Hane, Baxley 8L Spiecens [57] ABSTRACT The arrangement in accordance with the present invention carries out an alternation of the polarities of two output terminals upon a change in the direction of an input current such that the polarities of the output terminals always represent the actual direction of the input current. For one direction of the current one transistor in each of two pairs of transistors is made conducting and for the other direction of said current, the other transistor in each of said pairs is made conducting, whereby in the first case a reference potential is connected to one of the output terminals and in the other case the reference potential is connected to the other of the output terminals.
5 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure ARRANGEMENT FOR ALTERNATION OF TWO OUTPUTS IN DEPENDENCE ON A CHANGE IN THE DIRECTION OF A CURRENT APPEARING ON AN INPUT The present invention relates to an arrangement for the alternation of two output terminals upon a change in the current direction of a signal appearing on an input terminal.
An object of the present invention is primarily to provide an alternative to polurity switching arrangements, for example, those being built up by conventional relays. In addition the arrangement according to the present invention has the advantages of a simple construction, freedom from maintenance and reliability of operation, and consequently is particularly economically competitive with arrangements known in the art.
What principally can be considered as characterizing an arrangement according to the present invention appears from the appended claims. A presently preferred embodiment which shows the significant characteristics of the invention will be described more in detail with reference to the accompanying drawing which schematically shows an arrangement according to the present invention.
ln the FIGURE two switching elements in form of transistors T and T are shown each of which can conduct a main current in dependence of a control current. Transistor T is connected between a first potential, which in the embodiment has been chosen as a positive potential and the first output terminal U of the two terminals U and U of the arrangement. Transistor T is connected between said positive potential and another output terminal U Transistors T and T consist of pnp-transistors. Correspondingly two further current conducting elements which can conduct a main current in dependence on a control current in the form of transistors T and T, are connected between the outputs U and U, respectively and a further potential, namely, the negative potential. Transistors T and T, consist of npn-transistors.
The control circuits of transistors T and T are interconnected via a resistor R, and the same is the case with the control circuits of transistor T and T which are interconnected through a resistor R A third main current in dependence on a control current conducting element is included in the control circuits and comprises transistors T and T transistor T being associated with transistors T and T and transistor T being associated with transistors T and T The control circuits of transistors T and T are connected to the input of the arrangement through luminescent or lightemitting diodes L and L which are connected in antiparallel to a conductor (not shown), in which the arrangement is assumed to be inserted via the terminals I and I The luminescent diodes are thereby connected to the conductor through zener diodes Z and Z the zener voltages of which are assumed to be below the inverse voltages of the luminescent diodes L and L The incoming signal through the conductor to the arrangement is applied to the same through a timing circuit indicated by a capacitor C and a resistor R.
if it is assumed that an incoming signal appears on the connecting point I through the conductor, then the luminescent diode L will be activated in case the value of the incoming signal exceeds the value of the zener voltage of the zener diode Z Transistor T will consequently be activated thus starting to conduct a collector-emitter-current. The result is that the pnptransistor T as well as the npn-transistorT will saturate. The saturation of transistor T results in that the one output U is connected to the positive potential, while the saturation of transistor T results in that the second output U is connected to the negative potential.
Upon a reversed current direction when the incoming signal instead is connected through the terminal 1,, the activation of transistor T ceases, while instead transistor T is activated. Thus transistor T starts to conduct thus causing the transistors T and T, to saturate. through transistor T, the negative potential will be connected to the first output U and through transistor T the positive potential will be connected to the other output U As long asthis incoming signal is present the arrangement will accordingly maintain both of its output terminals at these potentials which is not the case during the absence of said signal. By an appropriate choice of the zener voltages for the zener diodes Z, and Z as well as a suitable dimensioning of the timing circuit represented by the capacitor C and resistor R it is assured that the transistor pairs T T and T T are not conducting at the same time. Hence, a short circuit between the elements T T and T T respectively, is avoided.
In the Figure there is also shown how blocking circuits can be arranged for the nonconducting element pair T T and T T respectively, the blocking circuits of which are initiated by the conducting element pair. The blocking circuits include the luminescent diode, L -L which operate together with the associated photo-transistors Ft -Ft Each of the transistors T T is thereby connected in series with one of the luminescent diodes L L When an element pair, T,, T; for instance, is conducting, luminescent diodes L and L; are ignited. These luminescent diodes activate associated photo transistors Ft and F1 The activated photo tran sistors Ft and Ft, are so connected in order to block the base current (the same as the collector-emittercurrent of transistor T of the other element pair which in the chosen case consist of transistors T,, T,. Correspondingly the element pair T,, T, blocks the current of the element pair T,, T
The invention is not limited to the embodiments, which have been described above. For example, the construction of the input circuits can be varied widely without departing from the basic idea of the invention. The above-described circuits for blocking the nonconducting element pair can be omitted and, in case they are used, the luminescent diodes can be replaced with, for instance, lamps. The invention is not either limited to the chosen combination of pnpand npn-transistors or to shown potentials. It is also possible to replace the transistors with other switching elements showing the necessary characteristics.
We claim: y
1. An electronic switching arrangement having an input terminal and two output terminals for the alternation of the polarity of the output terminals upon a change in the direction of a current passing through said input terminal and maintaining said polarity of the output terminals only as long as said current flows comprising:
a first pair of switching elements, each of said switching elements having a control circuit for causing said switching elements to conduct a first main current;
a second pair of switching elements, each of said switching elements having a control circuit for causing said switching elements to conduct a second main current;
a first source of potential;
means for connecting each of the switching elements of said first pair of switching elements between said first source of potential and one of said output terminals associated with the respective switching element;
a second source of potential;
means for connecting each of the switching elements of said second pair of switching elements between said second source of potential and one of said output terminals associated with the respective switching element;
a further pair of switching elements, each of said switching elements having a first main electrode, a second main electrode and light sensitive control means;
means for connecting said main electrodes of the respective switching elements of said further pair of switching elements to the control circuit of the first switching element of said first pair of switching elements and the second switching element of said second pair of switching elements and the second switching element of said first pair of switching elements and the first switching element of said second pair of switching elements, respectively,
light emitting unidirectional conducting means for generating and transmitting light signals to the light sensitive control means of said further pair of switching elements in dependence on the direction of the current flowing through said input terminal,
so that the respective pairs of switching elements are light activated in dependence on the direction of the current flowing through said input terminal, and
first and second blocking circuit means connected to said first and second source of potential, respectively, said blocking circuits allowing potential to pass to the control circuit of the first switching element of the first pair of switching elements when the second element of the same pair is conducting and to the control circuit of the second switching element of the second pair of switching elements when the first switching element of the second pair of switching elements is conducting, and vice versa.
2. An arrangement as claimed in claim 8, wherein the switching elements in each of said first and second pairs of switching elements consist of transistors.
3. An arrangement as claimed in claim 9, wherein said light emitting unidirectional conducting means consist of luminescent diodes and said further switching elements consist of photo transistors, said luminescent diodes being optically coupled to each of said photo transistors forming said further switching element pair.
4. An arrangement as claimed in claim 9, wherein said light emitting unidirectional conducting means coupled to said further switching element pair are connected in antiparallel to the input terminal.
5. An arrangement as claimed in claim 11, wherein said luminescent diodes are connected to the input terminal via zener diodes, the zener voltage of which being less than the reverse voltage of said luminescent diodes whereby a threshold value for the activation of the arrangement by the current received at said input terminal is obtained.

Claims (5)

1. An electronic switching arrangement having an input terminal and two output terminals for the alternation of the polarity of the output terminals upon a change in the direction of a current passing through said input terminal and maintaining said polarity of the output terminals only as long as said current flows comprising: a first pair of switching elements, each of said switching elements having a control circuit for causing said switching elements to conduct a first main current; a second pair of switching elements, each of said switching elements having a control circuit for causing said switching elements to conduct a second main current; a first source of potential; means for connecting each of the switching elements of said first pair of switching elements between said first source of potential and one of said output terminals associated with the respective switching element; a second source of potential; means for connecting each of the switching elements of said second pair of switching elements between said second source of potential and one of said output terminals associated with the respective switching element; a further pair of switching elements, each of said switching elements having a first main electrode, a second main electrode and light sensitive control means; means for connecting said main electrodes of the respective switching elements of said further pair of switching elements to the control circuit of the first switching element of said first pair of switching elements and the second switching element of said second pair of switching elements and the second switching element of said first pair of switching elements and the first switching element of said second pair of switching elements, respectively, light emitting unidirectional conducting means for generating and transmitting light signals to the light sensitive control means of said further pair of switching elements in dependence on the direction of the current flowing through said input terminal, so that the respective pairs of switching elements are light activated in dependence on the direction of the current flowing through said input terminal, and first and second blocking circuit means connected to said first and second source of potential, respectively, said blocking circuits allowing potential to pass to the control circuit of the first switching element of the first pair of switching elements when the second element of the same pair is conducting and to the control circuit of the second switching element of the second pair of switching elements when the first switching element of the second pair of switching elements is conducting, and vice versa.
2. An arrangement as claimed in claim 8, wherein the switching elements in each of said first and second pairs of switching elements consist of transistors.
3. An arrangement as claimed in claim 9, wherein said light emitting unidirectional conducting means consist of luminescent diodes and said further switching elements consist of photo transistors, said luminescent diodes being optically coupled to each oF said photo transistors forming said further switching element pair.
4. An arrangement as claimed in claim 9, wherein said light emitting unidirectional conducting means coupled to said further switching element pair are connected in antiparallel to the input terminal.
5. An arrangement as claimed in claim 11, wherein said luminescent diodes are connected to the input terminal via zener diodes, the zener voltage of which being less than the reverse voltage of said luminescent diodes whereby a threshold value for the activation of the arrangement by the current received at said input terminal is obtained.
US00219389A 1971-01-29 1972-01-20 Arrangement for alternation of two outputs in dependence on a change in the direction of a current appearing on an input Expired - Lifetime US3778641A (en)

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JP (1) JPS5519090B1 (en)
BE (1) BE778628A (en)
DE (1) DE2202282C3 (en)
DK (1) DK129489B (en)
ES (1) ES399203A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2123532B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1383440A (en)
IT (1) IT962052B (en)
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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3869641A (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-03-04 Monsanto Co AC Responsive led pilot light circuitry
US4821315A (en) * 1983-09-19 1989-04-11 Alcatel N.V. Electronic contacts and associated devices
EP0538618A2 (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-04-28 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. An H-shaped bridge circuit with protection against crossover conduction during the reversal of the current in the load

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3010031A (en) * 1956-10-24 1961-11-21 Research Corp Symmetrical back-clamped transistor switching sircuit
US3042810A (en) * 1958-01-21 1962-07-03 Robert W Rochelle Five transistor bistable counter circuit
US3278923A (en) * 1964-06-30 1966-10-11 Specialties Dev Corp System for detecting intruders
US3304431A (en) * 1963-11-29 1967-02-14 Texas Instruments Inc Photosensitive transistor chopper using light emissive diode
US3417249A (en) * 1963-12-30 1968-12-17 Ibm Four terminal electro-optical logic device
US3492488A (en) * 1967-09-11 1970-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Photon coupling for a communication circuit
US3524986A (en) * 1967-02-06 1970-08-18 Gen Electric Semiconductor light gating of light activated semiconductor power control circuits
US3668437A (en) * 1969-04-09 1972-06-06 Honeywell Bull Soc Ind Pulse generator apparatus

Patent Citations (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3010031A (en) * 1956-10-24 1961-11-21 Research Corp Symmetrical back-clamped transistor switching sircuit
US3042810A (en) * 1958-01-21 1962-07-03 Robert W Rochelle Five transistor bistable counter circuit
US3304431A (en) * 1963-11-29 1967-02-14 Texas Instruments Inc Photosensitive transistor chopper using light emissive diode
US3315176A (en) * 1963-11-29 1967-04-18 Texas Instruments Inc Isolated differential amplifier
US3413480A (en) * 1963-11-29 1968-11-26 Texas Instruments Inc Electro-optical transistor switching device
US3417249A (en) * 1963-12-30 1968-12-17 Ibm Four terminal electro-optical logic device
US3278923A (en) * 1964-06-30 1966-10-11 Specialties Dev Corp System for detecting intruders
US3524986A (en) * 1967-02-06 1970-08-18 Gen Electric Semiconductor light gating of light activated semiconductor power control circuits
US3492488A (en) * 1967-09-11 1970-01-27 Bell Telephone Labor Inc Photon coupling for a communication circuit
US3668437A (en) * 1969-04-09 1972-06-06 Honeywell Bull Soc Ind Pulse generator apparatus

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Silicon Zener Diode and Rectifier Handbook, 2nd Edition, p. 98 100, Motorola, Inc. *

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3869641A (en) * 1972-06-21 1975-03-04 Monsanto Co AC Responsive led pilot light circuitry
US4821315A (en) * 1983-09-19 1989-04-11 Alcatel N.V. Electronic contacts and associated devices
EP0538618A2 (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-04-28 STMicroelectronics S.r.l. An H-shaped bridge circuit with protection against crossover conduction during the reversal of the current in the load
EP0538618A3 (en) * 1991-09-18 1993-11-10 St Microelectronics Srl An h-shaped bridge circuit with protection against crossover conduction during the reversal of the current in the load
US5309347A (en) * 1991-09-18 1994-05-03 Sgs-Thomson Microelectronics S.R.L. H-bridge circuit with protection against crossover conduction

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IT962052B (en) 1973-12-20
GB1383440A (en) 1974-02-12
DK129489C (en) 1975-03-03
DE2202282B2 (en) 1973-11-08
FR2123532A1 (en) 1972-09-08
NL7200694A (en) 1972-08-01
ES399203A1 (en) 1975-06-16
BE778628A (en) 1972-05-16
NO130332B (en) 1974-08-12
DK129489B (en) 1974-10-14
FR2123532B1 (en) 1977-04-01
DE2202282C3 (en) 1974-06-06
JPS5519090B1 (en) 1980-05-23
SE349694B (en) 1972-10-02
SU495853A3 (en) 1975-12-15
DE2202282A1 (en) 1972-08-10

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