US3769624A - Fluid droplet printer - Google Patents

Fluid droplet printer Download PDF

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Publication number
US3769624A
US3769624A US00241601A US3769624DA US3769624A US 3769624 A US3769624 A US 3769624A US 00241601 A US00241601 A US 00241601A US 3769624D A US3769624D A US 3769624DA US 3769624 A US3769624 A US 3769624A
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Prior art keywords
droplets
charging
droplet
record member
path
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00241601A
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English (en)
Inventor
Hsiung Lee Chen
B Wolfe
H Lominac
C Ross
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International Business Machines Corp
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International Business Machines Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41J—TYPEWRITERS; SELECTIVE PRINTING MECHANISMS, i.e. MECHANISMS PRINTING OTHERWISE THAN FROM A FORME; CORRECTION OF TYPOGRAPHICAL ERRORS
    • B41J2/00—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed
    • B41J2/005—Typewriters or selective printing mechanisms characterised by the printing or marking process for which they are designed characterised by bringing liquid or particles selectively into contact with a printing material
    • B41J2/01—Ink jet
    • B41J2/07—Ink jet characterised by jet control
    • B41J2/075—Ink jet characterised by jet control for many-valued deflection

Definitions

  • Afluid droplet printing system which writes on a record medium by projecting a stream of writing fluid in the form of a succession of uniformly spaced droplets.
  • the droplets are given equal charges in accordance with input data to be printed by means of a row of ABSTRACT 52 U.S. Cl 346/1, 317/3, 346/75 SPeeed charging P dispesed alehg the P f h 51 Int. Cl.
  • SHEET 38F 3 55 CLOCK i0 TIMES LOGIC WITH FOLLOWING 55 TRUTH TABLE DROP CHARGING B C Q 1o BIT CURRENT PuLsEs 0 0 A 9 mc o 1 A-LPULS COUNTER S/R PHASE SAMPLE C i o A PULSES 1 i A+i PULSE DROP FORMATION CLOCK A A RAESAOR B v CURRENTPULSES I PHASE SAMP E PULSES 'fiffi' OOUT m:
  • Fluid droplet printing has been known in the prior art as exemplified by the system shown and described in U. S. Pat. No. 3,596,275 which issued on July 27, 1971.
  • a jet of writing fluid or ink is caused to issue from a nozzle in the form of a succession of tiny individual droplets which are directed toward the surface of a record member.
  • the individual droplets are formed, they are given an electrostatic charge which is a function ofthe instantaneous value of an input signal which is to be recorded.
  • the charged droplets are caused to pass between a pair of electrostatic deflection plates.
  • a constant high voltage charge is applied to the deflection plates to produce a constant high voltage electric field between the two plates.
  • the charged droplets pass through the electric field, they are deflected from their normal path by an amount which is a function of the magnitude of the charge on each of the droplets and in a direction which is a function of the polarity of the charge on the individual droplets.
  • Each droplet of the ink or writing fluid has its own unique charge characteristic for directing it to the desired print position on the record member.
  • the discrete droplets are formed within a region surrounded by a charging electrode which imparts the variable charges to the droplets.
  • the droplet break-off point from the main stream in this region can vary as it travels making it difficult to synchronize the charging with the computer or input data control. As a result, the discrete charges may be inaccurate.
  • satellite droplets which form as a tail portion on the main droplets can also become charged and then deflected to the point where they break away from the main droplet and splatter on the electrostatic deflection plates.
  • a jet of writing fluid or ink is caused to issue from a nozzle in the form of a succession of tiny individual droplets which are directed toward the surface of a record member.
  • a pair of electrostatic deflection plates to' which a constant high voltage charge is applied to produce a constant high'voltagc electric field between the two plates.
  • the jet nozzle is aimed so that the flow of individual droplets passes alonga'virtual electrical ground path located between the deflection plates.
  • Also positioned between the deflection plates is a row of spaced charge pins which extends along the path of the flow of droplets such that uncharged droplets will come in contact with all of the pins including a gutter pin positioned at the end of the row.
  • the charge pins are used to selectively charge those droplets which are to be deflected to a print position on the record member and all unselected droplets will be charged by the gutter pin.
  • the locations of the pins in the direction of droplet flow are designed so that droplet deflections will correspond with printing positions on the record member.
  • a source of charge voltage is provided for the pins and to selectively apply this voltage each pin is connected to an associated electronic switch and shift register. All of the shift registers are connected to a computer or source of input data to be printed.
  • the pins will be charged in accordance with the input data and when a droplet comes in contact with a charged pin, the droplet will become charged and will be deflected by the constant high voltage electric field until it strikes the record member. Since the droplets are charged from a single source of constant charge voltage, all droplets will be charged to the same constant value and the amount each charged droplet is deflected is dependent upon the distance between its charge pin and the record member.
  • the present system is provided with a synchronization scheme which makes use of phase maintenance logic circuitry.
  • a current pulse is developed. There will be a current pulse for each droplet since the gutter pin will charge those droplets which are not used for printing.
  • These current pulses are fed into the phase maintenance logic along with a phase sample pulse and suitable clock pulses and the logic output is fed back to the charge pin shift registers whereby the droplet charging voltage is phased with respect to the time the droplets arrive at the charge pins.
  • the present system arrangement wherein charge pins are used to give'all the droplets a constant charge of equal value offers a number of advantages which result in better printing and more efficient and reliable system operation. For example, the charges carried by the preceding droplets do not affect the final charge on the droplet being charged. Also, the presence of satellite droplets will not affect the printing.
  • the charge and synchronization scheme allows the use of every droplet.
  • the ink resistivity tolerance range is high and lower deflection voltages are permitted.
  • a primary object of the present invention to provide a novel and improved printing system which writes on a record medium by projecting a stream of writing fluid in the form of a succession of uniformly I spaced droplets.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a printing system which writes on a record medium by projecting a stream of writing fluid in the form of a succession of uniformly spaced droplets and which includes means for imparting equal charges to droplets to be used. for printing and means for deflecting these droplets to printing positions on the record medium.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a printing system which writes on a record medium by projecting a stream of writing fluid in the form of a succession of uniformly spaced droplets which are charged and then deflected and wherein previously charged droplets have no effect on the droplet being charged.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a printing system which writes on a record medium by projecting a stream of writing fluid in the form of a succession of uniformly spaced droplets and wherein the presence of satellite droplets will not affect the printing.
  • a further object of the present invention is to provide a fluid droplet printer wherein selected ones of a succession of uniformly spaced writing fluid droplets are given equal charges by a row of spaced apart charging pins and electrostatic means is provided which-deflects the charged droplets an amount depending upon the distance they travel between the time they are charged and the time they reach a record medium fordeposition thereon.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a fluid droplet printer wherein selected ones of a flowing succession of uniformly spaced writing fluid droplets are given equal voltage charges by contacting a row of spaced apart charging pins and synchronization means is provided whereby the drolet charging voltage can be phased with respect to the time the droplets arrive at the charging pins.
  • a still further object of the present invention is to provide a printing system which writes on a record medium by projecting a stream of writing fluid in the form of a succession of uniformly spaced droplets which are charged and then deflected and which includes charging means and synchronization means which allow the use of every droplet.
  • FIG. 1 there is shown apparatus which illustrates the inventive concept of the present invention.
  • This apparatus includes a record receiving mem ber 10, such as -a strip of record paper, which is arranged to be drivenin avertical direction by suitable means such as the pin feed roller 11 or by pin feed tractors commonly used in printing machines.
  • Record writassure that the droplets Will be substantially uniform in dimension and frequency means are provided for introducing regularly spaced varicosities in the issuing jet. These varicosities, or undulations in the crosssectional dimension of the issuing jet stream, are made to occur at a pre-selected frequency.
  • This frequency may typically be on the order of 100,000 cycles per second.
  • the varicosities are introduced into the issuing jet stream by vibrating the nozzle 13 at the desired frequency. This is accomplished by attaching the nozzle to a piezoelectric transducer 15 which is excited by a suitable sinusoidal oscillator 16. As the individual droplets form, they pass through the grounded shield member 14 which functions to prevent the droplets from picking up any stray inductive charges which may exist as a result of electrical components in the system.
  • a row of charge pins 21 is positioned between the deflection plates and along the droplet path.
  • the number of charge pins would be the same as the number of the required droplet deflection positions or Printing positions on the recerd plus a gutter pin. For normal printing applications, there may be from 10 to 15 pins plus a gutter pin while for plotting and graphic applications there may be as many as 30 pins.
  • the charge pins 21 are aligned parallel to the deflection plates and extend in a direction perpendicular to the droplet path such that an uncharged droplet will come in contact with all pins and the pins function to impart a constant and equal voltage charge to those droplets which are to be used for printing on the record memher.
  • an uncharged droplet can maintain a constant path in the presence of minute variations in gravity, pressure, and voltage source.
  • the droplet velocity is in the order of 700-1000 inches/sec. and the flight distance inside the deflection plates is in the order of one to two inches.
  • the maximum deviation of the droplet from v a perfect straight path due to gravity will be less than 0.001 inches. However, this deviation is predictable and can be mechanically adjusted if necessary.
  • Aerodynamic forces and pressure variations will change the droplet velocity in the same direction as the droplet path. Their effects on the droplet path are primarily related to the gravitational forces which operate over a variable flight time and thereby causes deflection errors'in the order of l0'6 inches and can be ne- 'glected.
  • selected pins will be given a constant equal charge voltage under control of the input data to be printed.
  • the droplet When an uncharged droplet comes in contact with a charged pin, the droplet will become charged and as such it will now be deflected from its normal path under the influence of the fixed electrical field between the deflection plates.
  • the charged droplets are deflected laterally across the vertically moving paper 10 to produce the desired printing. All droplets are charged to the same constant'value and the amount each charged droplet is deflected is dependent upon the distance the droplet travels between the time it is charged by a pin and'the time it strikes the paper.
  • Those droplets which are not charged for printing will be charged by the last pin in the row, which is the gutter pin, and these droplets will be'deflected into a suitable gutter pipe 22 to be returned back to the ink reservoir.
  • a pressure source 23 is provided for establishing and maintaining a desired predetermined pressure head on an ink reservoir 24.
  • the ink in the reservoir is fed through any suitable pipe means to the jet nozzle 25.
  • the pressure on the ink supplied to the nozzle causes the ink to be projected from the nozzle through a tubular electrically grounded shield member 26 and on toward a record receiving member or paper 27.
  • Suitable feeding means would be provided to feed the paper at a predetermined velocity in a direction away from the viewer when looking at FIG. 2. It will be understood that any suitable mechanical valve means may be employed to start and stop the flow of ink from the reservoir.
  • a piezoelectric transducer 28 which is mechanically at tached to the nozzle.
  • a sinusoidal oscillator 29 provides an oscillatory signal which, when amplified by a power amplifier 30, is applied as a driving signal for the transducer 28.
  • the oscillatory signal produced by the oscillator is also 100,000 cycles per second. 7
  • the ink which is at ground potential, issues from the shield member 26 in the form of a Succession of u'niformly spaced uncharged droplets 31 and on their way toward the recording paper these droplets pass between a Pair of parallel electrostatic deflection plates 32 and 33.
  • De flection plate 32 has applied thereto a positive voltage V and deflection plate 33 has applied to it a negative voltage V
  • V positive voltage
  • V negative voltage
  • the jet nozzle 25 is aimed such that the uncharged droplet path 34 is coincident with the virtual electrical ground.
  • the number of pins actually employed will depend upon the particular printing application being carried out.
  • the pins 35 when given a constant and equal charge voltage function to charge the ink droplets 31 so that they will be deflected to the desired printing positions on the paper 27.
  • the number of charge pins matches that of the droplet deflection positions plus a gutter deflection pin which is the last pin in the row.
  • the pins are aligned along the path 34 such that an uncharged droplet will come in contact with all pins.
  • Their locations in the direction of the jet flow with respect to the leading edge of the deflection plates are computed from the following equation:
  • the charging circuit for the first or number 1 pin in the row comprises an NPN transistor T1 having its collector electrode 36 connected to the first charging pin and its emitter electrode 37 connected to a source of ground potential 38.
  • the ground the circuit for the second pin comprising the NPN transistor T2 and resistor R2and the circuit for the third pin comprising the NPN transistor T3 and resistor R3.
  • All of the transistors have their emitter electrodes connected to the source of ground potential 38 and their collector electrodes connected by way of the collector resistors to the current sensor 39 and the charging voltage +V,.
  • the charging circuit for the last or gutterpin is different from the circuit for the other pins in that it does not include an electronic switch.
  • the gutter pin is connected directly by way of a resistor R to the current sensor 39 and the charging voltage +V,.
  • the switching of the transistors to effect charging of the pins is controlled by shift registers and, as shown, a position 1 shift register 40 is connected to the base electrode of transistor T1, a position 2 shift register 41 is connected to the base electrode of transistor T2, and a position 3 shift register 42 is connected to the base electrode of transistor T3.
  • Input data to be printed, from a computer or the like, is fed into the shift registers via the leads 43, 44 and 45.
  • the position 1 shift register 40 is a one bit register
  • position 2 shift register 41 is a two bit register
  • position 3 shift register 42 is a third bit register to provide the required outputs to the transistors.
  • transistors T1, T2 and T3 will normally be conducting when no printing is desired and looking at transistor T1, for example, when it is conducting current flows from the charging voltage source +V,, through the current sensor 39, resistor R1, transistor T1, and to the ground 38. As a result the associated number 1 charging pin is essentially at ground potential. Referring to the above charge equation, V is zero and the remaining charge components in the equation 'are equal and the opposite resulting in a net droplet charge colof zero and no deflectionoccurs.
  • the droplet charged by the first pin will now be deflected from its normal path by the fixed electrical field and will move along a position 1 deflection path until it strikes the record paper 27 at which point it will have been deflected an amount A,. All droplets which come in contact with a pin that has been charged'for printing purposes will be charged and deflected as just described with the amount of deflection being determined by the distance the charged .droplet travels before striking the record player.
  • the formation of the ink droplets 31 depends upon the operation of the oscillator 29 and the pressure source 23 and if, for example, the pressure should vary a small amount the droplet formation will very likely vary. It is desirable to know when each droplet arrives at each charge pin so that the transistors can be switched at the proper time to charge the pins. With data input every 10 microseconds, it isdesirable to have the droplet charging interval, which is in the order of four microseconds, arrive in the center of the data interval. As was described, when a droplet makes contact with a charged pin a small current, for approximately 250 nanoseconds, will flow in the collector resistor of the associated transistor.
  • This current can be sensed with a common amplifier and converted to a logic output to synchronize the charging of the droplets with the time .the droplets contact the pins. As shown in FIG. 2, the current is sensed by the current sensor 39 which provides an input to a sense amplifier 46 having a logic output. The logic 0 state indicates no charging while the positive transmission to the l state indicates the time of pin contact when charging a droplet.
  • The'current pulse canbe used in the following two ways to control the synchronization:
  • the phase of the crystal driver output can be varied with respect to the memory clock to accomplish synchronization.
  • the crystal driver output can be held constant and the droplet charging voltage can be phased with remented in systems of one nozzle per crystal or where each nozzle of a multiple nozzle drive adequately tracks the others.
  • the present system preferably makes use of the second method and, as shown in FIG. 2, the logic output from sense amplifier 46 is fed to a phase maintenance system 47 along withphase sample pulses and pulses from a drop formation clock.
  • the phase sample pulses would be taken from a' computer and could be, for example, one pulse for each line printed.
  • the drop formation clock is made up of the senusoidal oscillator 29 and a comparator 48 which is used to compare the oscillator pulses against a reference V to obtain a series of square wave pulses.
  • phase maintenance system 47 The output from the phase maintenance system 47 is fed back and applied to the shiftregisters 40, 41 and 42 by way of the single shots 49, 50 and 51, respectively, and as will be further described, this results in either delaying or advancing the time that the input data is applied to the charge pins.
  • the drop formation clock 52 produces a pulse D for every 10 microseconds or. every time a droplet is formed. These pulses'are fed to a high frequency clock 53 synchronized with and at a multiple integer 10 of the droplet formationclock frequency. This 10 times clock is used to derive l discrete one microsecond phase increment pulses A for every drop formation pulse.
  • the times clock pulses A are fed into a logic box 54 along with the drop charging current pulses B and the phase sample pulses C.
  • the logic box has a truth table as indicated in FIG. 3 and the phase sample pulses periodically allows the system to correct when the data is changed such that the outputphase Q is changed as follows: 1
  • the output pulses Q from logic box 54 are fed into a 10 bit ring counter 55 which provides 1 output pulse E for every 10 pulses it receives.
  • the output pulse E width has the same period as the input pulse A.
  • the output pulses E from the ring counter are fed back to the single shots 49, 50 and 51 to clock the shift registers 40, 41 and 42.
  • the ring counter delivers the output'pulse E to the single shots and they in turn deliver an output pulse to the shift registers which is delayed such that the data to be charged will arrive when the ink droplet arrives at the charge pin.
  • phase sample pulse C This delay is fixed and is predetermined by with the phase sample pulse C.
  • logic box 54 will transmit two rapid pulses, shown by the dotted pulses Q and Q in one microsecond which is the time interval of the missing clock pulse.
  • the positive edge of pulses Q and Q advances the ring counter 55 an extra position which results in an earlier output pulse, as illustrated by the dotted pulse E
  • the feedback of this pulse to the single shots results in the input data being applied to the charge pins 1 microsecond sooner.
  • the present phase maintenance system can be used for either single or multiple nozzle drive systems. One is required for each nozzle. The data is presented to the shift registers of all positions to be printed. The output phase can be used to advance the position shift registers for the pertinent nozzle. Because charged droplets may occasionally contact succeeding pins, the successive electronic switches must be set to charge the droplet as it contacts those pins or the charge will be lost. The data must be translated for the greatest number of pins that a charged droplet can contact before suffithe speed of the droplet flowandthe location of the charge pins. The delay can be adjusted to compensate for tolerances between the charge pins.
  • condition (2) where there'is a phase sample pulse but no current pulse, it is desirable to delay the output phase by r or 1/10 times the droplet formation period. This is accomplished by deleting one pulse in the Qout pulse train, as indicated by the, gap X in the train in FIG. 4. As a result, the feedback from the ring counter 55 to the single shots 49, and 51 now delays the input data being applied to the charge pins by the one pulse time or one microsecond. This condition occurs until both a current pulse and a phase sample pulse are present.
  • condition (3) where a phase sample pulse and a current pulse are both'present, there is shown in FIG. 4 a dotted current pulse B, occurring cient deflection has occurred.
  • the length of the position shift registers is equal to the time required for the droplet to move from the position P, shown in FIG. 2, to the pin associated with that shift register.
  • FIG. 5 there is illustrated typical design values for a workable system of the present invention. As shown, these values may be as follows:
  • ink pressure p.s.i. nozzle diameter 0.002 inch dimension of deflection plates 1.5 inches X 0.5 inch positive plate charge voltage +250 V negative plate charge voltage 750 'V spacing between charge pins 001 inch pin charge voltage +250 V space between pin and positive plate 1/32 inch space between pin and negative plate 3/32 inch space between the leading edge of plate and nozzle A. inch spacebetween the trailing edge of plate and paper 1% inch charge pin diameter 0.004 inch base fine tip It will be understood that the above values are illustrated and-that a workable design of the present system would not be restricted to these values.
  • a fluid droplet printer comprising:
  • said charging means effective to charge at least some of said droplets, said electric field being effective to deflect charged droplets from their path by an amount dependent upon the distance a droplet travels from the time it is charged until it strikes said record member whereby the charged droplets are. deposited on said record member to produce a record representing the input data to be printed.
  • a fluid droplet printer comprising:
  • charging circuit means controlled by input data to be printed for rendering said charging elements effec- I tive to charge at least some of said droplets, said electric field being effective to deflect charged droplets from their path by an amount dependent upon the distance a droplet travels from the time it ischarged until it strikes said record member whereby the charged'droplets are deposited on said record member to produce a record representing the input data to be printed.
  • a fluid droplet printer as in claim 2 wherein said charging elements comprises a row ofspaced apart charging pins which are contacted by uncharged droplets asthey flow along said path.
  • a fluid droplet printer as in claim 3 including droplet collection means and wherein the last charging pin in said row charges all droplets which have not been dethe succession of droplets pass during their flow along said path from the projecting means to said record member;
  • said charging elements are rendered effective to charge at least some of said droplets, said electric field being effective to deflect charged droplets from their. path by an amount dependent upon the distance a droplet travels from the time it is charged until it strikes said record member whereby the charged droplets are deposited on said record member to produce a record representing the input data to be printed.
  • a fluid droplet printer comprising:
  • a row of spaced apart charging pins located along the path of droplet travel through said electric field and which are contacted by uncharged droplets as they flow along said path;
  • a fluid droplet'printer as in claim 7 including gutter means and a gutter charging pin located at the end of said row and connected to said charging voltage source wherebyit will charge all droplets which have not been deflected for printing, said electric-field being effective to deflect the droplets charged by the gutter pins into said gutter means.
  • a fluid droplet printer as in claim 7 including a hollow electrically grounded shield member located between said projecting means and said electric field and through which the succession of droplets pass.
  • a nozzle for projecting a stream of writing fluid along a path toward the surface of a record member; means for supplying writing fluid under pressure to said nozzle; means for introducing regularly spaced varicosities in said stream of writing fluid to assure the formation of a succession of discrete droplets of uniform dimension and at a constant rate;
  • phase maintenance means for phasing the droplet charging voltage with respect to the time the droplets arrive at the charging elements.
  • a nozzle for projecting a stream of writing fluid along a path toward the surface of a record member; means for supplying writing fluid under pressure to said nozzle;
  • a charging element located between said deflection plates and positioned in the path of droplet travel to make contact with said succession of droplets as they pass;
  • a source of charging voltage for said charging element a source of charging voltage for said charging element; and means controlled by input data to be printed for applying said charging voltage to said element whereby a droplet contacting the charged element will be charged and said electric field will deflect the charged droplet for deposition on said record member.
  • a nozzle for projecting a stream of writing fluid along a path toward the surface of a record member; means for supplying wriring fluid under pressure to said nozzle;
  • a row of spaced apart charging pins located between said deflection plates and positioned along the path of droplet travel to make contact with said succession ofv droplets as they pass; a source of constant charging voltage for said charging pins; electronic switches in circuit with said charging pins, each switch being operable to appy said charging voltage to an associated charging pin; and a shift register associated with each said electronic switch for operating same, said shift registers being controlledby input data to be printed to provide outputs for operating their associated switches to apply said charging voltage to at least some of said charging pins whereby at least some fo said droplets will receive a constant equal charge and said electric field will deflect said charged droplets from their path different amounts for deposition at different positions on said record member to produce a record representing said input data.
  • each said shift register has a length which is related to i the position of its associated charging pin along the pin row.
  • feedback means for supplying said synchronizing pulses to said shift registers to either delay or advance the time that the input data is applied to the charge pins so that the droplet charging voltage is phased with respect to the time the droplets arrive at the charge pins.
  • a method of printing on a record member by use of fluid droplets comprising the steps of:
  • a method of printing one record member by use of fluid droplets comprising the steps of:

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US00241601A 1972-04-06 1972-04-06 Fluid droplet printer Expired - Lifetime US3769624A (en)

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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3911818A (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-10-14 Moore Business Forms Inc Computer controlled ink jet printing
US3972052A (en) * 1972-10-24 1976-07-27 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Compensation apparatus for high speed dot printer
US4138686A (en) * 1977-04-06 1979-02-06 Graf Ronald E Electrostatic neutral ink printer
US4242688A (en) * 1978-10-27 1980-12-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Ink jet printer
US4249188A (en) * 1979-02-27 1981-02-03 Graf Ronald E Uncharged ink drop rastering, monitoring, and control
US4310474A (en) * 1980-04-02 1982-01-12 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating a vapor stream
US20030071134A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Alireza Shekarriz Electrostatic atomizer and method of producing atomized fluid sprays
US20160020079A1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2016-01-21 Micromass Uk Limited Charging Plate for Enhancing Multiply Charged Ions by Laser Desorption

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3769627A (en) * 1972-12-13 1973-10-30 Dick Co Ab Ink jet printing system using ion charging of droplets
US4059183A (en) * 1976-12-30 1977-11-22 International Business Machines Corporation Dot matrix printer with slanted print head and modular skewing of dot pattern information
JPS53139823A (en) * 1977-05-10 1978-12-06 Toyobo Co Ltd Production of novel textured yarn
JPS5822354B2 (ja) * 1977-06-18 1983-05-09 株式会社日立製作所 インクジェット記録装置
JPS5415027A (en) * 1977-06-30 1979-02-03 Toyobo Co Ltd Production of novel finished yarn with low boiling water shrinkage
US4167741A (en) * 1977-12-23 1979-09-11 International Business Machines Corporation Raster slant control in an ink jet printer
EP0210311A1 (en) * 1985-07-31 1987-02-04 EASTMAN KODAK COMPANY (a New Jersey corporation) Apparatus and method for drop deflection

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3596275A (en) * 1964-03-25 1971-07-27 Richard G Sweet Fluid droplet recorder
US3465351A (en) * 1968-03-13 1969-09-02 Dick Co Ab Ink drop writing apparatus

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3972052A (en) * 1972-10-24 1976-07-27 Oki Electric Industry Company, Ltd. Compensation apparatus for high speed dot printer
US3911818A (en) * 1973-09-04 1975-10-14 Moore Business Forms Inc Computer controlled ink jet printing
US4138686A (en) * 1977-04-06 1979-02-06 Graf Ronald E Electrostatic neutral ink printer
US4242688A (en) * 1978-10-27 1980-12-30 U.S. Philips Corporation Ink jet printer
US4249188A (en) * 1979-02-27 1981-02-03 Graf Ronald E Uncharged ink drop rastering, monitoring, and control
US4310474A (en) * 1980-04-02 1982-01-12 Western Electric Company, Inc. Method and apparatus for generating a vapor stream
US20030071134A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2003-04-17 Alireza Shekarriz Electrostatic atomizer and method of producing atomized fluid sprays
US6802456B2 (en) * 2001-10-12 2004-10-12 Microenergy Technologies, Inc Electrostatic atomizer and method of producing atomized fluid sprays
US20050017102A1 (en) * 2001-10-12 2005-01-27 Alireza Shekarriz Electrostatic atomizer and method of producing atomized fluid sprays
US7337984B2 (en) 2001-10-12 2008-03-04 Joseph Gerard Birmingham Electrostatic atomizer and method of producing atomized fluid sprays
US20160020079A1 (en) * 2013-03-05 2016-01-21 Micromass Uk Limited Charging Plate for Enhancing Multiply Charged Ions by Laser Desorption
US9721775B2 (en) * 2013-03-05 2017-08-01 Micromass Uk Limited Charging plate for enhancing multiply charged ions by laser desorption

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1403276A (en) 1975-08-28
FR2179392A5 (ja) 1973-11-16
JPS4910629A (ja) 1974-01-30
JPS5225285B2 (ja) 1977-07-06
DE2313916C2 (de) 1984-01-19
IT981195B (it) 1974-10-10
CA974569A (en) 1975-09-16
DE2313916A1 (de) 1973-10-18

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