201144542 六、發明說明： C考务明所屬軒領域】 發明領域 本發明係有關於一建築物，及其之組成部分，以及有 關於加熱及/或冷卻一建築物的方法。合宜地說明與加熱及 冷卻高層建築物，該類型為於其之構造中包括複數之建築 單元’有關的較佳具體實施例’但本發明不應被認為限定 在該示範的應用上。 C ^tr 發明背景 大多數的現代建築物使用一些形式之加熱或冷卻作業 用以將該建築物之該等内部空間維持在適於該建築物使用 的一溫度。典型地，此包含維持該建築物的居住者感覺舒 適的。然而，建築物，特別是高層建築物之加熱與冷卻， 會使用大量的能源並需要複雜的設備。 其中之一的首要中央加熱法係為古羅馬系統稱為“火 坑供暖系統(hypocaust)，，，包含燃燒火焰用以產生熱量並傳 遞房間地板下方該火焰之燃燒產物（例如，煙道氣體及煙 霧）’並向上通過建置在房間牆壁内的一系列之煙_，從而 加熱房間牆壁。該等系統需要專門的地板結構及牆壁構 形，並無能力達到改變該加熱之溫度，並且無法附加地執 行冷卻作業。 現代建築物通常使用強制的空氣加熱與冷卻作業，其 -、有通風官係與加熱及/或冷卻系統耦合，用以強制所需溫 201144542 度的空氣進入一房間。該等系統典型地係視為加熱、通風 及空氣調節系統(HVAC系統）。 亦存有其他的加熱解決方案，例如，水基系統諸如循 環式加熱或是蒸氣加熱系統，將加熱的水循環通過一管路 網絡穿過配置在該建築物中所選定位置處的一或更多散熱 器。當熱流體係經循環環繞該系統時，熱量輻射進入該房' 間經由該等散熱器加熱從而使之溫暖。 於-些例子中，典型地可使用佐宅、地板下或地面加 熱。該等系統典型地於-地板内或下方包括管路循環水或 是電加熱元件的一網目或格栅。該等系統典型地係相春呈 能源效率並在低溫下作業。然而，在該例子中具有顯著的 缺點，在内嵌於該地板中的該加熱系統的一些部分上 行保養。 作為該等系統的一選擇方宰 別的寓所…人 別是在住宅應用中個 求，力2 彳涵蓋其之自有的加熱與冷卻需 行循=可根據在居住基礎上執行。例如，可將逆 住所Γ工調Γ裝至—高層住宅大樓中的每—個別單元或是 ―此奋°午住戶控制其之自有的加熱及冷卻作業。然 ㈣L叫住所具有保養其之系統的負擔，並且在-建 ?、 母系統的高能源效率可能無法達到。 因此，描徂_ "可任擇的加熱及冷卻佈置供建築物中使 用係為有益的。 ;說明書申參考的任何先前技術並非，且不應視為承 s忍或任何形式 ^ 建議’此先前技術構成於澳大利亞或是任 201144542 何其他管轄區域中通常-般知識的—部分，或是此先前技 術能夠合理地被預期為熟知此士糾定、_並 且視為有關的。 C考务明内：】 發明概要 本揭不内谷說明-建築物其包括：一内部空間其係由 一地板、天花板及至少-牆壁所界定，—空氣循環區域， 位在。亥内。卩工間外側，以及在該内部空間與該空氣循環區 域之間傳導熱量的方法。 於一觀點中，提供—建築物其包括二或更多建築物單 元，該等建築物單元包括結構其界定至少—具有—内部空 ^的房間；—外殼其界定該建築物之外側，以及-空氣循 衣區域位在a亥外设内，其係與該内部空間分開。界定至 少—房_該結構之至少—部分係經構形，用以在該房間 的内部空間與該空氣循環區域之間傳送熱量。該建築物亦 包括一機構其經構形用以加熱及/或冷卻該空氣循環區 域’藉由加熱及/或冷卻界定該等房間的結構而控制該内部 空間中的溫度。 較佳地，該地板、天花板或牆壁的其中之一者的至少 -部分具有_相對高的熱傳導性，用以增強制部空間盘 該空氣循環區域之間的熱傳導。 最佳地，該建築物附加地包括用以控制該空氣循環區 域中的工I度之枝。祕加熱及/或冷卻該空氣循環區 或的》亥機構可為-空氣加熱器或是空氣冷卻器。可藉由任 201144542 何實用的方法執行加熱與冷卻作業，該等方法可為主動加 熱，諸如：電氣式；燃燒式加熱；被動加熱，諸如：太陽 能、地熱式加熱或是相似方法。同樣地，冷卻可為主動的； (冷凍）；或是被動的（例如，通過水等之一冷卻主體的一冷 卻流體之循環）。 於較佳的具體實施例中並非藉由該空氣循環區域與房 間之内部空間之間的換氣而執行加熱及/或冷卻。 該空氣循環區域可具有氣流控制裝置，例如，一或更 多風扇、鼓風機、通風口、擴散器、轉向器、阻流板、密 封件或是其他主動或是被動流動控制裝置，用以控制該區 域中的空氣循環。 於一些具體實施例中，用以傳導該内部空間與該空氣 循環區域之間熱量的裝置簡單地將為一牆壁、地板或是將 該内部空間與該空氣循環區域分開的天花板的一部分。於 此例子中，一牆壁之該部分可具有所選定的熱傳導特性， 用以在一預定的速率下傳導熱量或是儲存熱量。例如，該 熱傳導區域可包括一相位變化材料或是其他的熱儲存裝 置。該等具體實施例在使該房間之内部的内在溫度維持穩 定方面係為有利的。 該等建築物單元可由預製的子總成加以裝配，或是較 佳地為預先製造。預製的單元可或不需現場的最後加工、 配備或是相同的處理用以完成該建築物。 該建築物較佳地包括一絕緣結構其係自該空氣循環區 域向外地配置並經設計與該空氣循環區域中的空氣熱絕 201144542 緣。該絕緣結構或外殼至少部分地由該建築物之一外牆所 構成。 界定該建築物之該外殼的結構可與界定至少一房間的 結構間隔開，用以界定該建築物之一空氣循環區域的一部 分。 該建築物較佳地可由複數之建築物單元建構而成，其 中每一建築物單元界定該建築物之該内部空間的一各別部 分。一或更多的建築物單元可包括與其之一内壁間隔開的 一外壁結構，從而界定建築物外殼及空氣循環區域的一部 分。該等建築物單元可位在該建築物内以致介於每一建築 物單元之間存有間隙，並且其係構成該循環區域的一部分。 該空氣循環區域可與一或更多管道、管路或是其他氣 流控制裝置耦合，該等裝置係位在該建築物之外殼的外側。 於另一觀點中，提供一建築物其包括：一外殼；至少 一房間其具有藉由一地板、天花板及至少一牆壁所界定的 一内部空間。至少部分的地板、天花板及/或牆壁係與該建 築物之該外殼間隔開，並界定空氣於其間循環的一空隙。 該建築物包括一熱傳導結構其經設計用以傳導介於一空隙 中的空氣與房間之該内部空間之間的熱量。該建築物較佳 地係由以一預定方式定位的複數之建築物單元所建構而 成。該等建築物單元可經佈置以致在相鄰的建築物單元之 間提供一間隙。該等間隙可延伸以致其構成一鄰近的空氣 循環區域，包含介於相鄰的建築物單元之間相似的間隙及/ 或該建築物之該外殼。 7 201144542 該建築物之該外殼能夠由該建築物之該正面構成。該 外殼較佳地係大部分經密封，用以使空氣自該空氣循環區 域洩漏機會最小或是防止洩漏。最佳地，空氣係經由該空 氣循環區域而再循環。 最佳地，該建築物附加地包括用於控制該空氣循環區 域中的空氣溫度之裝置。該用於控制空氣溫度的裝置可為 一空氣加熱器或是空氣冷卻器。能夠藉由上述的任何實用 裝置執行加熱與冷卻作業。 亦為較佳的是該空氣循環區域與該房間之該内部空間 之間並無換氣。 於一些具體實施例中，該熱傳導結構可為一牆壁、地 板或是將該内部空間與該間隙分開的天花板的至少之一部 分。於此例子中，一牆壁、地板或天花板的一部分可具有 選定的熱傳導特性，用以在一預定的速率下傳導熱量或是 用以儲存熱量。例如，該熱傳導區域可包括一相位變化材 料或是其他的熱儲存裝置。該等具體實施例在使該房間之 内部的内在溫度維持穩定方面係為有利的。該結構可為該 房間或是建築物單元的一牆壁。 該等建築物可由一自助（self supporting)建築物單元所 構成。該建築物能夠包括複數之互連的建築物單元。 於另一觀點中，提供調整一房間之溫度的方法，包括： 將空氣循環通過與該房間毗鄰的一區域，以致熱量在該房 間内的空氣與該循環空氣之間轉移。該方法可包括：加熱 及/或冷卻該循環空氣。於一些具體實施例中，該方法包括 201144542 將該空氣再循環通過一加熱及/或冷卻系統用以控制該循 環空氣之溫度。 該方法較佳地包括維持該房間内的空氣與該循環空氣 之間的分離。 於一進一步的觀點中，本發明針對一建築物單元提供 一嵌板結構。該嵌板結構具有第一及第二表面並包括至少 一結構層；至少一隔音層；以及介於該第一與第二表面之 間的至少一熱傳輸路徑。 該隔音層較佳地具有一高熱傳導性。該隔音層較佳地 提供使用受限層阻尼的一隔離效果。 於該結構中一結構層及隔音層能夠構成相鄰層。一或 更多附加層可交替地配置在該結構層與隔音層之間。 該結構層可包括一金屬或是其他剛性薄板狀外板。亦 能夠包括結構加強元件，例如，檁條(purlin)或相似者。 該金屬外板較佳地係為薄板狀並且在結構上為自助式 的。其可附加地構成具有波形部分、脊狀部分或是其他形 式用以增加剛性。該結構層較佳地係為該結構之該最外層。 該嵌板結構的該等層較佳地係經黏合在一起，例如， 使用一黏著劑、焊接或相似方法。一些層能夠以機械方式 附裝至其他層，例如，使用螺釘、鉚釘等。 該敌板結構可包括一内概層其具有一表面，界定該嵌 板結構之該第一或第二表面的其中之一者。 該結構層較佳地係具高熱傳導性。為達此目的，其能 夠由金屬構成。該隔音層可為一聚合物層，例如，一黏彈 201144542 性薄膜。該内襯層，例如，可由石膏板、爽板或是其他適 合的薄板狀材料構成用以内襯一建築物之一内部表面。 該嵌板結構可附加地包括一吸熱層。例如，能夠儲存 熱量的一層，諸如一層其包括一相位變化材料。 該嵌板結構可構成為分離的嵌板段，或可任擇地為連 續地構成。 該嵌板結構可包含一建築物單元之一地板、天花板或 是牆壁的任一或更多者的一部分。 可藉由將熱量轉移通過該嵌板結構之該等層而提供介 於該第一與第二表面之間的該熱傳輸路徑。可任擇地，將 一或更多熱傳輸元件包括在該嵌板結構中，用以轉移熱量 由其之一表面（或與一表面相鄰）至另一表面。該等熱傳輸元 件可為傳導性元件，大體上橫越該嵌板結構之該厚度。 本發明亦提供包括一牆壁、地板或屋頂的任一者的一 建築物單元，其包括由以上所述的一嵌板結構所構成的一 部分。 本發明亦提供一建築物其包括：至少一房間，該房間 係由至少一地板及一或更多的表面所界定，其中該地板及 一或更多的表面的至少一部分係由如前所述的一嵌板結構 所構成。 1 該建築物可進一步包括一空氣循環區域，空氣在該房 間外側，但在該建築物内部，空氣於其中循環以致經轉移 通過該介於該房間中空氣與該循環空氣之間該嵌板結構， 從而調節該房間中空氣之溫度。 10 201144542 如於此所使用，除了上下文所需外，否則該用語“包含 (comprise)’’及該用語之變化，諸如“comprising”、 “comprises”及“comprised”，並不意欲排除另外的附加物、 組件、整體或是步驟。 圖式簡單說明 現將僅藉由非限定實例，相關於該等伴隨的圖式說明 本發明之說明性具體實施例，其中： 第1圖顯示本發明之一簡化的具體實施例，應用在一房 間的一建築物； 第2圖顯示根據本發明之一具體實施例所構成的一第 二建築物的一概略圖式； 第3圖顯示於一三樓層建築物中本發明的一進一步具 體實施例； 第4圖係圖示可於本發明之一具體實施例的一建築物 單元總成中使用的一示範牆壁構造； 第5圖係圖示通過在第4圖中所示之型式的四單元間的 一接合部分之一剖面圖； 第6A圖顯示於一三樓層建築物中本發明的一進一步具 體實施例之一概略的側視圖； 第6B圖顯示第6A圖之該建築物的一概略俯視圖。 I：實施方式3 較佳實施例之詳細說明 專利申請人早先提出申請的國際專利申請案 PCT/AU2009/001236說明一系統及方法，其用於建構由複 201144542 數之建築物單元總⑽構成的—建築物。該等建築物單元 總成實質上包含一自助式預製建築物單元，其包含 板、牆壁及屋頂，其—起地界定該建築物之—内部空間。 每-建築物單元具有—或更多結構性支抛架段與之附 裝。該等建築物單元總成能夠以複數不同的方式結合在— 起’用以構成—建築物’例如’高樓層建築物能夠藉由將 複數之建築物單元縣相互地堆疊在頂部上，以致垂直地 對準的結構性_段係經解並連接—相鄰總成的該等結 構性框架Lx構建絲之該結構性_。典型地， 田建築物係根據吾等早先專利申請案所建構時，環繞每 建築物單元界定一柱區域。此柱區域典型地延伸整個建 築物，用以提供互連空隙的—網絡系統。例如，柱區域係 水平地分佈在樓層間並且垂直地分佈在水平相鄰對準的建 築物單it之間。本發明人已確認的是該等柱區域能夠用以 藉由讓溫度經控制的空氣通過而對該建築物内該等建築物 單元之内部提供巾央加熱及/或冷卻。熱量能夠通過該等建 築物單it之部分(或所有）的該等牆壁、地板及/或天花板而 轉移進人及/或自該等建II物單元的内部而出。該—系統因 而能夠簡單並舒適地經由其之結構加熱及/或冷卻該建築 物之該佔用空間。 第1圖圖示—簡化的建築物，說明此作業之原理。第i 圖圖示一建築物100其中具有一第一牆壁102，其界定該建 築物100之一内部空間104。亦配置一第二牆壁1〇6用以界定 5亥建築物的一外殼。介於該内壁102與該外壁106之間界定 12 201144542 一腔室或間隙108，構成一空氣循環區域。該建築物100亦 係配置一加熱及/或冷卻系統110，其係用以加熱或冷卻通 過該腔室108的空氣。可任擇地，能夠將一空氣循環風扇112 配置在該腔室108中，用以環繞著該腔室108將該加熱或冷 卻的空氣再循環。 較佳地，該内壁與外壁係為不同的構造，並且該建築 物100之該内壁102係經建構以致其具有一高熱傳導率或高 的能力用以儲存熱量（諸如能夠利用一相位變化材料而達 到），從而有效率地交換介於該建築物之該内部空間104與 該腔室108中循環的空氣之間的熱量。亦為較佳的是該外壁 106係經充分地隔離用以防止周遭環境與該腔室中空氣的 熱交換。於第1圖中所圖示的該具體實施例中，該腔室108 中空氣係經由該加熱及冷卻系統110再循環用以保持該加 熱及冷卻空氣之溫度。 能夠以任何實用的方法執行空氣的加熱與冷卻。例 如，能夠使用機械裝置執行冷卻包括，但非限制在，冷凍、 蒸發性冷卻、與一被動性冷卻流體熱交換、熱電冷卻等。 亦能夠使用廣泛種類的機械裝置進行加熱包括，但非限制 在，諸如瓦斯、油、煤、木材的一燃料之燃燒；太陽能加 熱；地熱式加熱等。 於一示範的住宅應用中，在冬天（或是在具有低外部溫 度的區域中），該等建築物單元之該内部將具有一所需溫度 介於16與20°C之間。為達此目的，該腔室中空氣循環典型 地將需加熱至介於30與60°C之間的一溫度。在夏天（或是在 13 201144542 具有尚外部溫度的區域中），該等建築物單元之該内部將具 有一所需溫度介於21與26。(：之間。為達此目的，該腔室中 空氣循環典型地需冷卻至介於7與11£>(：之間的一溫度。居住 者可附加地使用一些局部的加熱或冷卻，用以進一步地將 »亥單元之溫度調整至其之需求者。視該應用、外部溫度、 材料的熱儲存性質、熱傳導性質及其他因素而定，亦可使 用其他的溫度範圍。 於此具體實施例中，藉由環繞著該腔室循環空氣並將 熱量轉移通過該建築物單元之該等表面，整個内部表面有 效地成為針對熱量（進入該等建築物單元之該内部或是由 之而出）的一散熱器。 第2圖圖示本發明之一更為複雜的具體實施例。於此具 體實施例中，該建築物200包括複數之建築物單元2〇2、 204、206至218。該等建築物單元2〇2至218係經配置在三個 樓層220至224。介於水平地相鄰建築物單元，例如2〇2與 204，208與210以及214與216之間，具有一垂直地延伸的柱 區域，例如230。介於垂直地相鄰建築物單元，例如建築物 單元202與建築物單元208，單元204與單元210、單元206與 單元212之間，具有一水平地延伸的區域232 ^如於先前的 具體實施例中，提供一加熱及/或冷卻裝置234。亦可於該 柱區域内配置流量控制裝置，例如，空氣循環構件，例如， 係以風扇242、244、246與248的形式。 於此具體實施例中，該建築物之該外殼，例如，250， 其一般地包含該建桌物之該正面’其之地基或是下地板以 201144542 及其之屋頂，大體上係經密封並界定該建築物内的一空 間。该等建築物單元202至218的適於居住内部空間係藉由 其之各別的牆壁、地板及天花板加以界定。因而界定一空 氣循裱區域’可以上述方法提供加熱及/或冷卻空氣通過柱 區域230、232之網絡進入該區域。 如於先前具體實施例中所說明，該個別建築物單元， 例如’ 202 ’之該等牆壁的熱性質係經仔細地選定用以提供 該等建築物單元之内部與在該等空間23〇、232内循環的加 熱或冷卻空氣之間熱交換的程度，而未將介於其間之空氣 混合。 第3圖顯示根據本發明所構成的一多樓層建築物之一 更為詳細的具體實施例。於此實例中，該建築物3〇〇係根據 吾等早先提出申請的PCT申請案（PCT/AU2009/001236)所 建構。如此，該建築物3〇〇係由複數之建築物單元總成，例 如’ 302 ’所組成。建築物單元總成3〇2包括一建築物單元 304以及複數之相關聯的結構框架段306及308。位在該建築 物之外側的建築物單元總成具有正面元件，例如正面段 310，安裝於其上。該建築物300之該頂部側亦係配置一屋 頂’其可附加地以附裝至該等建築物單元的段形式構成， 或是與該等建築物單元總成分開地構成。如圖所示，位在 一建築物之一角落的一建築物單元總成將在二或更多側邊 上包括正面段。以建築物單元312顯示此之一實例，其具有 一面向前的正面，例如314,其具有三個窗子及一側向正面 元件316，僅在側視圖中顯示。 15 201144542 該等建築物單元總成304至304D係堆疊在彼此的頂部 上’以致其之結構框架段係經對準並支撐該建築物。使用 此建造技術’柱區域，例如區域320，係配置在相鄰的建築 物單元(例如’ 304與建築物單元304a)之間。同樣地，水平 地延伸的柱區域，例如322 ’配置在垂直地相鄰的建築物單 元之間，諸如建築物單元3〇4及建築物單元304b。實務上， 該建築物之該等正面段將構成具有一小間隙，例如於其間 為10公厘’用以考慮到製造公差。該等間隙係經密封，例 如利用附裝至該等正面段的一可撓曲及/或可壓縮的密封 件加以密封，或是藉由將該等建築物單元定位後以一密封 劑加以密封。該等密封件，例如324，防止空氣經由相鄰的 正面元件310、31〇a之間的該等間隙洩漏，用以提供該建築 物300之一密封的外周圍。於此較佳的具體實施例中，該等 正面單元310較佳地係使用一絕緣系統構成，例如，鋁框架 並裝有玻璃的總成、複合鋁材、玻璃強化混凝土或纖維水 泥嵌板、預鑄混凝土、木材或是折疊金屬被覆。 為了較佳地控制環繞該等柱區域320及322的氣流路 徑’亦能夠將密封件配置在介於相鄰的建築物單元之間的 該等柱區域内。於此實例中，密封件326及328係配置在成 對之垂直相鄰的建築物單元3〇4a與304b，304c與304d之 間。相似的密封件’例如334，可各別地配置在建築物單元 304a之外天花板與其之相對應的屋頂段33〇之間，以及配置 在在建築物單元3〇4d之外地板與建築物332之地板或是地 基的一相對應部分之間。密封件334及336亦控制環繞該建 201144542 梁物之3玄專柱區域的氣流。 該建築物300附加地配置一加熱或冷卻系統340，用以 提供熱及/或冷空氣進入該等柱區域320、322，以及空氣循 環風扇342用以將空氣循環通過該等柱區域。於使用中，該 風扇342將空氣如由箭頭344a，b及c所界定般環繞該等柱區 域循環。由於密封件326、328、334及336，所以空氣並未 流入介於垂直相鄰的建築物單元304a、304c與304d之間， 或疋各別地在建築物單元3〇4a及304b上方與下方的該等柱 區域。因而其可視為建築物單元3〇4、3〇4b及3〇如係主要地 由環繞其之外側而非建築物單元3〇4a、3〇4c及3〇4d之該等 側壁的主動循環而加熱及/或冷卻，被動加熱及冷卻需在無 二氣循環通過其之天花板或地板時進行。當然，能夠利用 或是不需密封件而進行不同的氣流型態。亦能夠在該等柱 區域内的任何點處配置主動通風控制，諸如一可控制的通 風口、附加的風扇或是其他的氣流控制裝置，用以獲得一 所需的氣流型態。 第4圖顯示通過一建築物單元的一側邊的一橫截面視 圖其月b夠有利地於本發明之一具體實施例中使用。如將 所察知的是該絲物單元的另—側邊將為相同的構造。於 第4圖中所圖不建築物單元之該構造能夠提供於其中將加 熱或冷卻空氣循環的空氣循環區域，與該建築物單元之内 部之間良好的熱接觸。再者，於第4圖中所圖示的構造提供 該建築物單元之外側與其之内《良好的隔音，因而有助 於由複數之建築物單元建構而成的建築物中該等單元間良 17 201144542 好的聲音隔離。附加地，可達到對於該等建築物單元的高 防火等級。 於第4圖中，顯示通過一建築物單元之該側壁、地板與 天花板之一部分的橫截面視圖。該建築物單元4〇〇包括三主 要的子總成’亦即’一牆壁總成402,—屋頂總成4〇4以及 地板總成406。該等總成一般地係為一層化構造並包括—結 構層（例如，-1包括-相對堅固的外層並以及同時可能地 分開的結構支撐元件）’以及-或更多的内概層。該結構層 典型地係位在該嵌板之該外側上，但不需如此。 該牆壁總成402係由一嵌板結構所構成，其包括： -頂部與底冑角部分傾及，針對大體上該建築物 單元400之整個長度縱向地延伸。該角部分娜及41〇可由3 公厘或4公厘的鋼材構成。 -在外的金屬外層412，其可由’例如18公厘薄鋼板 構成，並係沿著其之頂部及底部邊緣焊接至料角部分概 及 410。 複數之肋材414沿著該建築物單元4〇〇之長度間隔開地 配置。該等肋材可為，例如75公厘的辦條狀在沿著該建 築物單元400之長度中心為權公厘處，並焊接至㈣板412 以及角部分408與410。 一内壁襯層416,其可_或16公厘的石膏板或是相同 材料所構成，膠合至該在外的金屬外層412之該内壁。有利 地’該壁襯層係為防火等級並黏合至該外層412。在該壁概 層與外層之間施用-隔音材料用以獲得該聲音的要求例 201144542 ι由又、’勺束層阻尼的—系統。最佳地，此層亦係為熱傳 vr生的#助於熱轉移通過該結構。附加地，可將相變材 料併入κ板結構，例如作為—附加層或是與該石膏板等 ° °用以儲存以後>肖散進人該單元之該内部或是循環空 氣的熱量。 X屋頂…成404係為與該牆壁相似的嵌板結構，並包 括： 一縱向延伸的角部分418，其針對該屋頂總成4〇4之大 體上整個長度縱向地延#。該角部分418能夠由3公厘或4公 厘鋼材構成。 在外的金屬外層420，其可由，例如16公厘薄鋼板 構成，並係沿著其之縱向邊緣焊接至料肖部分418。 複數之肋材422沿著該建築物單元働之長度間隔開地 配置。該等肋材可為，例如1QQ公厘的z檁條蚊在沿著該 建築物單祕0之長度中心為_公厘處，並焊接至該薄板 420以及角部分418。 5玄屋頂結構之該天花板，例如係以一或更多之丨3或16 公厘的石膏板層424在其之内側上作襯層。該襯層可以機械 方式利用扣件’例如螺釘或是相似物扣接至該天花板的内 側。典型地，該等需在該建築物單元之裝配後加以附裝。 該地板總成406係為與該屋頂總成4〇4相似的構造，並 包括： 一縱向延伸的角部分426，其針對該地板總成4〇6之大 體上整個長度延伸。該角部分426能夠由3公厘或4公厘鋼材 201144542 構成。 一在外的金屬外層428，其可由，例如1.6公厘薄鋼板 構成，並係沿著其之縱向邊緣焊接至該等角部分246。 複數之肋材43 0沿著該建築物單元400之長度間隔開地 配置。該等肋材430可為，例如200公厘的Z檁條設定在沿著 該建築物單元400之長度中心為600公厘處，並焊接至該薄 板428以及角部分426。 該總成之内側地板可由一適合的薄板材料432構成，其 可為一22公厘的薄粒片板，並以一適合的方式附裝，例如 藉由以黏著劑或是機械扣接方式膠合至該等檁材。 於此說明的該等嵌板結構能夠以分離的嵌板段構成並 經裝配用以構成該各別的牆壁、地板或屋頂總成，或是連 續地構成。此外，該地板及屋頂嵌板結構亦可包括一隔音 層，用以進一步降低聲音傳輸通過該等嵌板。 如先前所述，該等建築物單元構成一建築物單元總成 的一部分，並亦包括為外部安裝柱之形式的結構性支撐段 (此圖式中未顯示），其於結構上支撐該建築物單元。 第5圖顯示穿過第4圖中所示該型式之四建築物單元的 相鄰角落之一部分的橫截面視圖。在第5圖之右手側邊圖示 以實線顯示的一垂直對準對的建築物單元“單元1”及“單元 2”對。以虛線圖示側向相鄰成對之建築物單元“單元3”及 “單元4”。為了清晰起見，該等建築物單元總成的該等結構 框架段並未圖示。 於此佈置中，該等建築物單元總成，單元1至4，係經 20 201144542 配置以致具有一柱區域整個地由其之每一相鄰者加以環 繞。此間隙係於構造上使用在吾等早先pCT專利申請案中 所a兒明之该4技術加以確定。於此實例中，一 25公厘區域 501在構成戎建築物之相鄰樓層的該等建築物單元總成之 間側向地延伸。一垂直地延伸的柱區域5〇2係配置在水平相 鄰的建築物單元總成之間。當在相鄰的建築物單元總成之 該等外部牆壁檁材（由第4圖為414)之測量時此間隙係為20 公厘，但當考量該檁材深度時係為較大的（17〇公厘）。 為密封件之形式的流控制結構可配置在相鄰的建築物 單元之間，用以界定該空氣循環區域。例如，一垂直延伸 的岔封件可配置在相鄰單元之該等柱之間，或是直接地在 s亥等牆壁之間。同樣地，一水平延伸的密封件可配置在垂 直相鄰的單元之間。 第6Α及6Β圖圖示本發明之另一具體實施例，分別為側 視圖與俯視圖。於此具體實施例中，該建築物6〇〇包括複數 之建築物單元602及602.1至618及618_b該等建築物單元係 垂直地佈置在三個樓層中，以及水平地為二列方式配置。 在水平相鄰的建築物單元，例如6〇2與6〇4,6〇8及61〇， 614及616之間，具有一垂直延伸的柱區域，例如63〇。在垂 直相鄰的建築物單元，例如建築物單元6〇2與建築物單元 608，單元604及單元610，單元6〇6及單元612之間，具有一 水平延伸的區域632。如於先前的具體實施例中，提供—加 熱及/或冷卻裝置634。亦在該柱區域中提供流控制裝置， 例如空氣循環構件，例如為風扇644及648之形式。 21 201144542 於此具體實施例中，該建築物之在外的外殼，例如 648’其一般地係藉由其之正面所界定並未界定該空氣循環 區域的一部分。替代地該建築物包含一系列之密封件66〇至 670其係於水平地相鄰的單元之間垂直地延伸，有助於界定 該空氣循環區域，以及一系列之水平延伸的密封件65〇係介 於相鄰樓層之該等建築物單元之間。實際上’該等密封件 650及660至670將該空氣循環區域限制在建築物單元之間 的柱區域630，632之該網絡，意謂著僅有該等單元602， 602.1至616,616.1之該等内壁係用於加熱及/或冷卻該等單 元之該内部空間。 如於該等先前段落中所說明，當加熱或冷卻空氣循環 通過該等柱區域’熱量將轉移至，或是自該建築物單元之 該内部經由其之牆壁、地板及天花板而轉移。該房間之該 内部因而藉由將熱量連接或輻射進入該房間而加熱。或者 可任擇地，藉由轉換或輻射而冷卻該房間，將熱量向外轉 移至該等柱區域。如以上所提及，於第4圖中所圖示該等建 築物單7L之構造可提供在該等柱區域中循環的加熱及冷卻 空氣與該等建築物單元之内部間良好的熱接觸 。此外，於 第4圖中所示的該構造以及相鄰建築物單元間由該等柱區 域所提供的氣隙’提供了相鄰建築物單元間良好的隔音。 可附加地達到針對該等建築物單元的高防火等級。 應瞭解的是於此說明書中所揭示及定義之本發明延伸 至由内文或圖式提及或明顯的該等個別特性之二或更多者 的所有可任擇的結合。所有該等不同的結合構成本發明之 22 201144542 不同的可任擇觀點。 I：圖式簡單說明3 第1圖顯示本發明之一簡化的具體實施例，應用在一房 間的一建築物； 第2圖顯示根據本發明之一具體實施例所構成的一第 二建築物的一概略圖式； 第3圖顯示於一三樓層建築物中本發明的一進一步具 體實施例； 第4圖係圖示可於本發明之一具體實施例的一建築物 單元總成中使用的一示範牆壁構造； 第5圖係圖示通過在第4圖中所示之型式的四單元間的 一接合部分之一剖面圖； 第6A圖顯示於一三樓層建築物中本發明的一進一步具 體實施例之一概略的側視圖； 第6B圖顯示第6A圖之該建築物的一概略俯視圖。 【主要元件符號說明】 100.. .建築物 102…第一牆壁 104.. .内部空間 106.. .第二牆壁 108.. .腔室或間隙 110…加熱及/或冷卻系統 112.. .空氣循環風扇 200.. .建築物 23 201144542 202，204，206-218...建築物單元 220，222，224...樓層 230.. .垂直地延伸的柱區域 232.. .水平地延伸的區域 234.. .加熱及/或冷卻裝置 242，244，246，248...風扇 250…建築物之該外殼 300.. .建築物 302.. .建築物單元總成 304-304D...建築物單元 304e...建築物單元 306，308...結構框架段 310，310a...正面段 312.. .建築物單元 314.. .面向前的正面 316.. .側向正面元件 320，322...柱區域 324，326，328...密封件 330.. .屋頂段 332.. .建築物 334，336...密封件 340.. .加熱或冷卻系統 342.. .空氣循環風扇 344a，344b，344c...箭頭 24 201144542 400.. .建築物單元 402.. .牆壁總成 404.. .屋頂總成 406.. .地板總成 408.. .頂部角部分 410.. .底部角部分 412.. .金屬外層 414…肋材 416.. .内壁襯層 418.. .角部分 420.. .在外的金屬外層 422.. .肋材 424.. .石膏板層 426.. .角部分 428.. .在外的金屬外層 430.. .肋材 432.. .薄板材料 501.. .25.厘區域 502.. .柱區域 600.. .建築物 602，602.1-618，618.1···建築物單元 630.. .柱區域 632…水平延伸的區域 634.. .加熱及/或冷卻裝置 25 201144542 644，648··.風扇 650...密封件 660-670...密封件201144542 VI. INSTRUCTIONS: C CERTIFICATION FIELD OF THE INVENTION Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a building, and its components, and to a method of heating and/or cooling a building. It is expedient to describe and heat and cool a high rise building, which is a preferred embodiment relating to a plurality of building units' in its construction, but the invention should not be construed as being limited to the exemplary application. C ^tr BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Most modern buildings use some form of heating or cooling operation to maintain the interior space of the building at a temperature suitable for use by the building. Typically, this includes the occupants who maintain the building feel comfortable. However, the heating and cooling of buildings, especially high-rise buildings, uses a lot of energy and requires complex equipment. One of the primary central heating systems is the ancient Roman system known as the "hypocaust," which contains a combustion flame to generate heat and deliver the combustion products of the flame below the floor of the room (eg, flue gases and fumes) ) 'and up through a series of smoke _ built in the walls of the room to heat the walls of the room. These systems require a special floor structure and wall configuration, not capable of changing the temperature of the heating, and can not additionally Performing cooling operations Modern buildings typically use forced air heating and cooling operations, which are coupled with a heating and/or cooling system to force air of the required temperature of 201144542 degrees into a room. Typically considered as heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems (HVAC systems). There are other heating solutions, such as water-based systems such as recirculating heating or steam heating systems that circulate heated water through a pipeline network. Passing through one or more heat sinks disposed at selected locations in the building. When the heat flow system is cycled around In the system, heat is radiated into the room to be heated by the radiators to warm it. In some examples, home, underfloor or floor heating is typically used. These systems are typically in the floor. Or a mesh or grid of circulating water or electrical heating elements below. These systems are typically energy efficient and operate at low temperatures. However, in this case there are significant disadvantages, embedded in the inlay. Some parts of the heating system in the floor are up-maintained. As a choice of these systems, the apartment is located in the residential area. People do not want to use it in residential applications, and force 2 covers its own heating and cooling needs. The route can be implemented on a residential basis. For example, the reverse housing can be refurbished to each individual unit in a high-rise residential building or to control its own heating and cooling. Homework. (4) L calls the residence to have the burden of maintaining its system, and the high energy efficiency of the parent system may not be achieved. Therefore, tracing _ " optional heating and cooling arrangements for the building The use of the system is beneficial. Any prior art referred to in the specification is not, and should not be considered to be, tolerated or in any form. ^ Suggestion 'This prior art is constituted in Australia or in the usual jurisdiction of 201144542 in other jurisdictions. - Part, or this prior art can reasonably be expected to be familiar with this, and is considered relevant. C Examines: The space is defined by a floor, a ceiling and at least a wall, an air circulation area, located in the interior of the masonry, and a method of conducting heat between the interior space and the air circulation area. In view, providing - a building comprising two or more building units, the building unit comprising a structure defining at least - having an interior void; - an enclosure defining the exterior side of the building, and - air circulation The clothing area is located in the a Hai peripheral, which is separated from the internal space. At least a portion of the structure is defined to be configured to transfer heat between the interior space of the room and the air circulation region. The building also includes a mechanism configured to heat and/or cool the air circulation area to control the temperature in the interior space by heating and/or cooling the structure defining the rooms. Preferably, at least a portion of one of the floor, ceiling or wall has a relatively high thermal conductivity to enhance heat transfer between the air circulation regions of the space tray. Most preferably, the building additionally includes a branch for controlling the degree of work in the air circulation zone. The heating and/or cooling of the air circulation zone may be an air heater or an air cooler. Heating and cooling operations can be performed by any of the practical methods of 201144542, which can be active heating such as: electrical; combustion heating; passive heating such as solar energy, geothermal heating or the like. Similarly, cooling can be active; (freezing); or passive (e.g., cooling of a cooling fluid of the body by one of water or the like). In a preferred embodiment, heating and/or cooling is not performed by ventilation between the air circulation zone and the interior space of the room. The air circulation zone may have airflow control means, such as one or more fans, blowers, vents, diffusers, diverters, spoilers, seals or other active or passive flow control means for controlling the Air circulation in the area. In some embodiments, the means for conducting heat between the interior space and the air circulation region will simply be a wall, a floor or a portion of a ceiling separating the interior space from the air circulation region. In this example, the portion of a wall can have selected thermal conductivity characteristics for conducting heat or storing heat at a predetermined rate. For example, the thermally conductive region can include a phase change material or other thermal storage device. These particular embodiments are advantageous in maintaining the internal temperature of the interior of the room to be stable. The building units may be assembled from prefabricated sub-assemblies or, preferably, pre-manufactured. The prefabricated unit may or may not require final processing, equipment or the same treatment on site to complete the building. The building preferably includes an insulating structure disposed outwardly from the air circulation region and designed to heat the air in the air circulation region. The insulating structure or outer casing is at least partially constructed from an outer wall of the building. The structure defining the outer casing of the building may be spaced apart from the structure defining at least one of the rooms to define a portion of the air circulation area of one of the buildings. The building is preferably constructed from a plurality of building units, each of which defines a respective portion of the interior space of the building. One or more building units may include an outer wall structure spaced from one of the inner walls to define a portion of the building envelope and air circulation area. The building units may be located within the building such that there is a gap between each building unit and it forms part of the circulating area. The air circulation zone can be coupled to one or more conduits, tubing or other airflow control devices that are positioned outside of the enclosure of the building. In another aspect, a building is provided comprising: an outer casing; at least one of the rooms having an interior space defined by a floor, a ceiling, and at least one wall. At least a portion of the floor, ceiling, and/or wall is spaced from the outer shell of the building and defines a void in which air circulates. The building includes a thermally conductive structure that is designed to conduct heat between the air in a gap and the interior space of the room. The building is preferably constructed from a plurality of building units positioned in a predetermined manner. The building units can be arranged such that a gap is provided between adjacent building units. The gaps may be extended such that they form an adjacent air circulation region comprising similar gaps between adjacent building units and/or the outer casing of the building. 7 201144542 The outer casing of the building can be constructed from the front side of the building. The outer casing is preferably substantially sealed to minimize air leakage from the air circulation area or to prevent leakage. Most preferably, the air is recirculated through the air circulation zone. Most preferably, the building additionally includes means for controlling the temperature of the air in the air circulation zone. The means for controlling the temperature of the air may be an air heater or an air cooler. The heating and cooling operations can be performed by any of the practical devices described above. It is also preferred that there is no ventilation between the air circulation area and the interior space of the room. In some embodiments, the thermally conductive structure can be a wall, a floor, or at least a portion of a ceiling separating the interior space from the gap. In this example, a portion of a wall, floor or ceiling may have selected thermal conductivity characteristics for conducting heat at a predetermined rate or for storing heat. For example, the thermally conductive region can include a phase change material or other thermal storage device. These particular embodiments are advantageous in maintaining the internal temperature of the interior of the room to be stable. The structure can be a wall of the room or building unit. These buildings may consist of a self supporting building unit. The building can include a plurality of interconnected building units. In another aspect, a method of adjusting the temperature of a room includes: circulating air through an area adjacent the room such that heat is transferred between the air in the room and the circulating air. The method can include heating and/or cooling the circulating air. In some embodiments, the method includes 201144542 recycling the air through a heating and/or cooling system for controlling the temperature of the circulating air. The method preferably includes maintaining a separation between the air in the room and the circulating air. In a further aspect, the present invention provides a panel structure for a building unit. The panel structure has first and second surfaces and includes at least one structural layer; at least one sound insulating layer; and at least one heat transfer path between the first and second surfaces. The sound barrier layer preferably has a high thermal conductivity. The sound barrier layer preferably provides a barrier effect using limited layer damping. In this structure, a structural layer and a sound insulating layer can constitute adjacent layers. One or more additional layers may be alternately disposed between the structural layer and the sound insulating layer. The structural layer can comprise a metal or other rigid sheet-like outer panel. It is also possible to include structural reinforcing elements such as purlin or the like. The metal outer panel is preferably in the form of a thin plate and is self-contained in construction. It may additionally be constructed with a wavy portion, a ridge portion or other form for increasing rigidity. The structural layer is preferably the outermost layer of the structure. The layers of the panel structure are preferably bonded together, for example, using an adhesive, soldering or the like. Some layers can be mechanically attached to other layers, for example, using screws, rivets, and the like. The enemy panel structure can include an inner layer having a surface defining one of the first or second surfaces of the panel structure. The structural layer is preferably highly thermally conductive. To this end, it can be made of metal. The sound-insulating layer can be a polymer layer, for example, a viscoelastic 201144542 film. The inner liner, for example, may be constructed of gypsum board, slab or other suitable sheet-like material for lining an interior surface of a building. The panel structure may additionally include a heat absorbing layer. For example, a layer capable of storing heat, such as a layer, includes a phase change material. The panel structure can be constructed as a separate panel section or can optionally be constructed continuously. The panel structure may comprise a floor, ceiling or part of one or more of a building unit. The heat transfer path between the first and second surfaces can be provided by transferring heat through the layers of the panel structure. Optionally, one or more heat transport elements are included in the panel structure for transferring heat from one surface (or adjacent a surface) to the other surface. The heat transfer elements can be conductive elements that generally traverse the thickness of the panel structure. The present invention also provides a building unit comprising any of a wall, floor or roof comprising a portion of a panel structure as described above. The invention also provides a building comprising: at least one room defined by at least one floor and one or more surfaces, wherein at least a portion of the floor and one or more surfaces are as previously described A panel structure is formed. 1 The building may further comprise an air circulation zone, the air being outside the room, but inside the building, air circulating therein to be transferred through the panel structure between the air in the room and the circulating air , thereby adjusting the temperature of the air in the room. 10 201144542 As used herein, the term "comprise" and variations of the terms, such as "comprising", "comprises" and "comprised", are not intended to exclude additional additions, except as required by the context. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION Illustrative embodiments of the present invention will now be described, by way of non-limiting example only, with respect to the accompanying drawings in which: FIG. A simplified embodiment, applied to a building in a room; Figure 2 shows a schematic view of a second building constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 3 shows a three-story building A further embodiment of the present invention; FIG. 4 is a block diagram showing an exemplary wall structure that can be used in a building unit assembly in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention; 4 is a cross-sectional view of a joint portion between four units of the type shown in the drawings; FIG. 6A is a schematic side view showing a schematic embodiment of a further embodiment of the present invention in a three-floor building Figure 6B shows a schematic top view of the building of Figure 6A. I: Embodiment 3 DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT A patent application PCT/AU2009/001236, the entire disclosure of which is hereby incorporated by reference. It is used to construct a building consisting of a total number of building units (10) of the number 201144542. The building unit assemblies essentially comprise a self-contained prefabricated building unit comprising panels, walls and roofs. Defining the interior space of the building. Each building unit has - or more structural branching brackets attached to it. The building unit assemblies can be combined in a plurality of different ways. To form a building, such as a 'high floor building, by stacking a plurality of building unit counties on top of each other such that the vertically aligned structural segments are solved and connected - adjacent assemblies The structural frame Lx constructs the structurality of the wire. Typically, the field building defines a column area around each building unit when constructed in accordance with our earlier patent application. The domains typically extend the entire building to provide a network of interconnected voids. For example, the column regions are horizontally distributed between the floors and vertically distributed between horizontally adjacent aligned building blocks it. It has been confirmed that the column areas can be used to provide heating and/or cooling of the interior of the building units within the building by passing temperature-controlled air. The heat can pass through the buildings. The walls, floors and/or ceilings of a portion (or all) of the single it are transferred into and/or out of the interior of the building unit. The system thus can be simply and comfortably constructed via its structure. Heating and/or cooling the occupied space of the building. Figure 1 illustrates a simplified building illustrating the principles of this operation. The first diagram illustrates a building 100 having a first wall 102 defining an interior space 104 of the building 100. A second wall 1-6 is also provided for defining a casing of the 5 HAI building. A chamber or gap 108 is defined between the inner wall 102 and the outer wall 106 to form an air circulation region. The building 100 is also provided with a heating and/or cooling system 110 for heating or cooling the air passing through the chamber 108. Optionally, an air circulation fan 112 can be disposed in the chamber 108 for recirculating the heated or cooled air around the chamber 108. Preferably, the inner wall and the outer wall are of different construction, and the inner wall 102 of the building 100 is constructed such that it has a high thermal conductivity or a high capacity for storing heat (such as being able to utilize a phase change material) Achieved) to efficiently exchange heat between the interior space 104 of the building and the air circulating in the chamber 108. It is also preferred that the outer wall 106 be sufficiently isolated to prevent heat exchange between the surrounding environment and the air in the chamber. In the particular embodiment illustrated in Figure 1, the air in the chamber 108 is recirculated through the heating and cooling system 110 to maintain the temperature of the heating and cooling air. Heating and cooling of the air can be performed in any practical manner. For example, the ability to perform cooling using mechanical means includes, but is not limited to, freezing, evaporative cooling, heat exchange with a passive cooling fluid, thermoelectric cooling, and the like. Heating can also be carried out using a wide variety of mechanical devices including, but not limited to, combustion of a fuel such as gas, oil, coal, wood; solar heating; geothermal heating, and the like. In an exemplary residential application, in winter (or in areas with low external temperatures), the interior of the building units will have a desired temperature between 16 and 20 °C. To this end, the air circulation in the chamber will typically need to be heated to a temperature between 30 and 60 °C. In the summer (or in the area of 13 201144542 with external temperature), the interior of the building units will have a required temperature between 21 and 26. (Between: for this purpose, the air circulation in the chamber typically needs to be cooled to a temperature between 7 and 11). The occupant may additionally use some local heating or cooling, It is used to further adjust the temperature of the unit to its requirements. Depending on the application, external temperature, thermal storage properties of the material, thermal conductivity and other factors, other temperature ranges may be used. In an example, by circulating air around the chamber and transferring heat through the surfaces of the building unit, the entire interior surface is effectively targeted to heat (either entering the interior of the building unit or from the interior) A heat sink of Fig. 2 illustrates a more complex embodiment of the invention. In this particular embodiment, the building 200 includes a plurality of building units 2, 2, 204, 206 through 218. The building units 2〇2 to 218 are arranged on three floors 220 to 224. Between horizontally adjacent building units, such as 2〇2 and 204, 208 and 210, and 214 and 216, there is one Vertically extending column area , for example 230. Between vertically adjacent building units, such as building unit 202 and building unit 208, unit 204 and unit 210, unit 206 and unit 212, having a horizontally extending area 232 In the previous embodiment, a heating and/or cooling device 234 is provided. Flow control devices, such as air circulation members, may be disposed in the column region, for example, in the form of fans 242, 244, 246, and 248. In this particular embodiment, the outer casing of the building, for example, 250, which generally includes the front surface of the table or the lower floor of the 201144542 and its roof, is generally sealed and Defining a space within the building. The living space of the building units 202 to 218 is defined by its respective walls, floors and ceilings. Thus defining an air circulation area can be as described above Heating and/or cooling air is provided to enter the area through a network of column regions 230, 232. As illustrated in the previous embodiments, the individual building unit, such as '202' The thermal properties of the walls are carefully selected to provide a degree of heat exchange between the interior of the building units and the heating or cooling air circulating within the spaces 23, 232 without intervening Air mixing. Figure 3 shows a more detailed embodiment of a multi-story building constructed in accordance with the present invention. In this example, the building 3 is based on our PCT application filed earlier. The case (PCT/AU2009/001236) is constructed. Thus, the building 3 is composed of a plurality of building unit assemblies, such as '302'. The building unit assembly 3〇2 includes a building unit 304. And a plurality of associated structural frame segments 306 and 308. The building unit assembly located on the outside of the building has a front side member, such as a front side section 310, mounted thereto. The top side of the building 300 is also provided with a roof' which may additionally be constructed in the form of sections attached to the building units or may be constructed in such a way as to be integral with the building units. As shown, a building unit assembly located at one of the corners of a building will include a front section on two or more sides. One example of this is shown in building unit 312 having a forward facing side, such as 314, having three windows and side facing front members 316, shown only in side view. 15 201144542 The building unit assemblies 304 to 304D are stacked on top of each other such that their structural frame segments are aligned and support the building. Using this construction technique, a column area, such as area 320, is disposed between adjacent building units (e.g., '304 and building unit 304a). Likewise, horizontally extending column areas, such as 322', are disposed between vertically adjacent building units, such as building units 3〇4 and building units 304b. In practice, the front sections of the building will be constructed with a small gap, for example 10 mm in between, to account for manufacturing tolerances. The gaps are sealed, for example, by a flexible and/or compressible seal attached to the front sections, or by sealing the building units with a sealant . The seals, such as 324, prevent air from leaking through the gaps between adjacent frontal members 310, 31a to provide a sealed outer periphery of one of the structures 300. In the preferred embodiment, the front unit 310 is preferably constructed using an insulation system, such as an aluminum frame and a glass assembly, composite aluminum, glass reinforced concrete or fiber cement panels, Cover concrete, wood or folded metal. In order to better control the airflow path' surrounding the columnar regions 320 and 322, the seals can also be disposed within the column regions between adjacent building units. In this example, seals 326 and 328 are disposed between pairs of vertically adjacent building units 3〇4a and 304b, 304c and 304d. Similar seals 'e.g., 334, may be separately disposed between the ceiling portion 33〇 of the ceiling outside the building unit 304a and the floor and building 332 outside the building unit 3〇4d. The floor or a corresponding part of the foundation. Seals 334 and 336 also control the flow of air around the area of the 3 Xuanzhu column of the 201144542 beam. The building 300 is additionally provided with a heating or cooling system 340 for providing hot and/or cold air into the column areas 320, 322, and an air circulation fan 342 for circulating air through the column areas. In use, the fan 342 circulates air around the column areas as defined by arrows 344a, b and c. Due to the seals 326, 328, 334 and 336, the air does not flow between the vertically adjacent building units 304a, 304c and 304d, or separately above and below the building units 3〇4a and 304b. The column area of the column. Thus, it can be considered that the building units 3〇4, 3〇4b and 3〇 are mainly actively cycled around the outer side of the building units 3〇4a, 3〇4c and 3〇4d. Heating and/or cooling, passive heating and cooling are carried out while circulating through the ceiling or floor without a second gas. Of course, different airflow patterns can be used with or without seals. Active ventilation controls, such as a controllable vent, an additional fan or other airflow control device, can also be provided at any point within the column area to achieve a desired airflow pattern. Figure 4 shows a cross-sectional view through one side of a building unit which is advantageously used in one embodiment of the invention. As will be appreciated, the other side of the filament unit will be of the same construction. This configuration of the non-building unit illustrated in Fig. 4 can provide good thermal contact with the air circulation area in which the heating or cooling air is circulated, and the interior of the building unit. Furthermore, the configuration illustrated in FIG. 4 provides a good sound insulation on the outer side of the building unit and in the building constructed from a plurality of building units. 17 201144542 Good sound isolation. Additionally, a high level of fire protection for such building units can be achieved. In Fig. 4, a cross-sectional view through a portion of the side wall, floor and ceiling of a building unit is shown. The building unit 4 includes three main sub-assemblies 'i.e., a wall assembly 402, a roof assembly 4〇4, and a floor assembly 406. The assemblies are generally of a one-layer construction and include a structural layer (e.g., -1 includes - a relatively strong outer layer and, at the same time, possibly separate structural support elements) and/or more inner layers. The structural layer is typically tied to the outside of the panel, but this need not be the case. The wall assembly 402 is constructed of a panel structure that includes: - a top portion and a bottom corner portion that extend longitudinally for substantially the entire length of the building unit 400. The corner portion and 41 can be made of steel of 3 mm or 4 mm. An outer metal outer layer 412 which may be constructed of, for example, 18 mm steel sheet and welded to the fillet portion 410 along its top and bottom edges. The plurality of ribs 414 are spaced apart along the length of the building unit 4''. The ribs may be, for example, 75 mm in length along the center of the length of the building unit 400 and welded to the (four) plate 412 and the corner portions 408 and 410. An inner wall lining 416, which may be constructed of a gypsum board of 16 mm or the like, is glued to the inner wall of the outer metal outer layer 412. Advantageously, the wall lining is fire resistant and bonded to the outer layer 412. A method of applying a sound-insulating material between the wall layer and the outer layer to obtain the sound is required. 201144542 ι by the system of the "bubble layer damping". Most preferably, this layer is also heat-transferred to facilitate heat transfer through the structure. Additionally, the phase change material can be incorporated into the kappa plate structure, for example, as an additional layer or with the gypsum board or the like for storage > tangible into the interior of the unit or the heat of the circulating air. The X roof is formed into a panel structure similar to the wall and includes: a longitudinally extending corner portion 418 that extends longitudinally for the entire length of the roof assembly 4〇4. The corner portion 418 can be constructed of 3 mm or 4 mm steel. An outer metal outer layer 420, which may be constructed, for example, of a 16 mm sheet steel, is welded to the slant portion 418 along its longitudinal edges. The plurality of ribs 422 are spaced apart along the length of the building unit. The ribs may be, for example, 1QQ mm of Z. sinensis at _ mm along the center of the length of the building, and welded to the sheet 420 and the corner portion 418. The ceiling of the five-story roof structure, for example, is lined with one or more layers of gypsum board 424 of 3 or 16 mm on its inner side. The liner can be mechanically fastened to the inside of the ceiling using fasteners such as screws or the like. Typically, these need to be attached after assembly of the building unit. The floor assembly 406 is of a similar construction to the roof assembly 4〇4 and includes: a longitudinally extending corner portion 426 that extends over substantially the entire length of the floor assembly 4〇6. The corner portion 426 can be constructed of 3 mm or 4 mm steel 201144542. An outer metal outer layer 428, which may be, for example, 1. A 6 mm thin steel sheet is constructed and welded to the equiangular portion 246 along its longitudinal edges. The plurality of ribs 43 0 are disposed spaced apart along the length of the building unit 400. The ribs 430 can be, for example, 200 mm Z-pillars placed 600 mm along the center of the length of the building unit 400 and welded to the sheet 428 and the corner portion 426. The inner side of the assembly may be formed from a suitable sheet material 432 which may be a 22 mm thin sheet and attached in a suitable manner, for example by adhesive or mechanical fastening. To these coffins. The panel structures described herein can be constructed as separate panel segments and assembled to form the respective wall, floor or roof assembly, or constructed continuously. In addition, the floor and roof panel structure may also include a sound barrier to further reduce the transmission of sound through the panels. As previously described, the building units form part of a building unit assembly and also include structural support segments (not shown in the drawings) in the form of external mounting posts that structurally support the building Object unit. Figure 5 shows a cross-sectional view through a portion of an adjacent corner of the four building unit of the type shown in Figure 4. On the right hand side of Figure 5, a vertically aligned pair of building unit "unit 1" and "unit 2" pairs are shown in solid lines. The laterally adjacent pairs of building units "Unit 3" and "Unit 4" are shown in dashed lines. For the sake of clarity, the structural frame segments of the building unit assemblies are not shown. In this arrangement, the building unit assemblies, units 1 through 4, are configured via 20 201144542 such that a column region is entirely surrounded by each of its neighbors. This gap is determined structurally using the 4 techniques described in our earlier pCT patent application. In this example, a 25 mm area 501 extends laterally between the building unit assemblies that form the adjacent floors of the building. A vertically extending column area 5〇2 is disposed between horizontally adjacent building unit assemblies. This gap is 20 mm when measured in the outer wall coffin of adjacent building unit assemblies (414 in Figure 4), but is considered larger when considering the coffin depth ( 17〇 )). A flow control structure in the form of a seal can be disposed between adjacent building units to define the air circulation area. For example, a vertically extending tamper seal can be placed between the posts of adjacent cells, or directly between walls such as shai. Likewise, a horizontally extending seal can be disposed between vertically adjacent units. Figures 6 and 6 illustrate another embodiment of the present invention, side and top views, respectively. In this particular embodiment, the building 6 includes a plurality of building units 602 and 602. 1 to 618 and 618_b The building units are vertically arranged in three floors and horizontally arranged in a two-column manner. Between horizontally adjacent building units, such as 6〇2 and 6〇4, 6〇8 and 61〇, 614 and 616, there is a vertically extending column area, for example 63〇. Between adjacent building units, such as building unit 〇2 and building unit 608, unit 604 and unit 610, unit 〇6 and unit 612, there is a horizontally extending region 632. As in the previous embodiment, a heating and/or cooling device 634 is provided. Flow control devices, such as air circulation members, are also provided in the column region, such as in the form of fans 644 and 648. 21 201144542 In this particular embodiment, an outer casing of the building, such as 648', is generally defined by its front side and does not define a portion of the air circulation region. Alternatively the building comprises a series of seals 66A-670 extending perpendicularly between horizontally adjacent units to help define the air circulation area and a series of horizontally extending seals 65〇 It is between these building units on adjacent floors. In fact, the seals 650 and 660 to 670 restrict the air circulation region to the network of column regions 630, 632 between building units, meaning that only such units 602, 602. 1 to 616,616. The inner walls of 1 are used to heat and/or cool the interior space of the cells. As explained in these earlier paragraphs, when heating or cooling air circulates through the column areas, heat is transferred to or from the interior of the building unit via its walls, floors and ceiling. The interior of the room is thus heated by connecting or radiating heat into the room. Or alternatively, the room is cooled by conversion or radiation, and the heat is transferred outward to the column areas. As mentioned above, the construction of the building sheets 7L illustrated in Figure 4 provides good thermal contact between the heating and cooling air circulating in the column areas and the interior of the building units. Moreover, the configuration shown in Fig. 4 and the air gaps provided by the column regions between adjacent building units provide good sound insulation between adjacent building units. A high fire rating for these building units can additionally be achieved. It is to be understood that the invention as disclosed and defined in this specification extends to all alternative combinations of two or more of those individual features mentioned or apparent from the context or the drawings. All such different combinations constitute a different alternative of the present invention 22 201144542. I: BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 shows a simplified embodiment of the present invention applied to a building in a room; FIG. 2 shows a second building constructed in accordance with an embodiment of the present invention. A schematic view of the present invention; FIG. 3 is a view showing a further embodiment of the present invention in a three-floor building; FIG. 4 is a view showing a building unit assembly that can be used in an embodiment of the present invention. An exemplary wall structure; FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view showing a joint portion between four units of the type shown in FIG. 4; FIG. 6A shows one of the present invention in a three-floor building A schematic side view of a further embodiment; Figure 6B shows a schematic plan view of the building of Figure 6A. [Main component symbol description] 100. . . Building 102...first wall 104. . . Internal space 106. . . Second wall 108. . . Chamber or gap 110... heating and/or cooling system 112. . . Air circulation fan 200. . . Buildings 23 201144542 202,204,206-218. . . Building unit 220, 222, 224. . . Floor 230. . . Vertically extending column area 232. . . Horizontally extended area 234. . . Heating and / or cooling device 242,244,246,248. . . Fan 250... the outer shell of the building 300. . . Building 302. . . Building unit assembly 304-304D. . . Building unit 304e. . . Building unit 306,308. . . Structural frame segment 310, 310a. . . Front section 312. . . Building unit 314. . . Front facing front 316. . . Lateral frontal elements 320, 322. . . Column area 324, 326, 328. . . Seal 330. . . Roof section 332. . . Building 334,336. . . Seal 340. . . Heating or cooling system 342. . . Air circulation fan 344a, 344b, 344c. . . Arrow 24 201144542 400. . . Building unit 402. . . Wall assembly 404. . . Roof assembly 406. . . Floor assembly 408. . . Top corner portion 410. . . Bottom corner portion 412. . . Metal outer layer 414... ribs 416. . . Inner wall lining 418. . . Corner portion 420. . . Outer metal outer layer 422. . . Ribs 424. . . Gypsum board layer 426. . . Corner section 428. . . Outer metal outer layer 430. . . Ribs 432. . . Sheet material 501. . . 25. PCT area 502. . . Column area 600. . . Building 602,602. 1-618,618. 1···Building unit 630. . . Column area 632... horizontally extending area 634. . . Heating and / or cooling device 25 201144542 644,648·. Fan 650. . . Seals 660-670. . . Seals