RU2706432C1 - Method for determination of target recognition time during firing from a tank - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: military equipment.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to armored vehicles and equipment, namely to methods of determining time of target identification through day sighting systems, and can be used during field tests of tank ammunition or their component parts. During firing from the tank, measuring the illumination on the ground, the meteorological range of visibility, setting the targets on the route, conducting observations by the operator through the sight, recording the time of identifying the target with the stopwatch, determining time of target recognition by other operators, processing the obtained results. Note here that direction and speed of wind are additionally measured, site for tank installation is prepared to exclude formation of dust cloud. Four-hose shield is applied on the shield at distance of 300 m from the tank. Firing from the main armament is carried out from the place in the direction of the shield with minimum deviation from it of the projectile trajectory.

EFFECT: higher accuracy of determining time of target recognition, obtaining comparable accuracy of evaluation results by time of target recognition during testing of various tank munitions, shorter testing time, material resources, consumption of motor resources of samples, fuels and lubricants, reduced influence of test conditions on results of determining time of target recognition due to smoke cloud.

3 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates to objects of armored weapons and equipment (BHT), and in particular, to methods for determining the target recognition time t _rts through day sighting systems when firing from the main weapons of the BHB models, and can be used in field trials of tank ammunition or their components.

It is widely known that the fire from the main armament of the tank is conducted after the detection and recognition of the target, according to the results of which the appropriate projectile is selected for its destruction. The detection range and target recognition depends on a number of factors [1]:

- optical parameters of the system "observation device - the eye of the operator";

- environmental factors - illumination, meteorological range of visibility (MDV);

- characteristics of the target, including its angular dimensions and contrast with the background.

Under the influence of these factors, the range and time of detection and recognition of the target can vary within wide limits.

When firing from the main armament of the tank, an additional factor arises that increases the time for target detection and recognition, in the form of a dust cloud (PDO) formed after the first and subsequent shots, the parameters of which depend on the type of ammunition, air humidity, presence or absence of precipitation, type and condition underlying surface (sand, grass, dry or wet soil, etc.), wind direction and strength.

As the experience of testing and research of the main armament of BTWT models shows, the time for target recognition under different conditions can range from 0.2 s (large angular dimensions of the target, short range of its installation, background contrast with the target of 0.5 and higher, illumination of about 20 × 10 ³ lx) up to tens of seconds (in the worst conditions). Such a scatter of the results does not provide an objective assessment of the developed ammunition by the time of target recognition (time of loss of visibility of the target due to the smoke cloud - t _to ), as well as a comparative assessment of the developed ammunition by t _to .

There is a method of determining the time of detection and recognition of a single target (tank or other model of military equipment) in daytime conditions, which consists in installing it on a track marked after 100 m at a distance that excludes its detection by the operator through an aim mounted in the tank, sequential movement of the tank in the direction of the target at 50 ... 100 m, followed by stopping and observation by the operator through the sight in a given sector until it is detected and recognized, the time of detection / recognition of the target is fixed with kundomerom, determining the repetition time target detection and recognition of other operators, processing the received results (prototype) [1].

The time for detecting and recognizing a target is determined under certain conditions - the target must be projected onto the background of the terrain and not overlap with local objects, the illumination level must be at least 3000 lux, and the airborne detachment should be 5 ... 10 km.

In relation to tank ammunition tests, the disadvantages of this method of determining the target detection / recognition time are:

- lack of target shooting;

- lack of consideration of the influence of the factor of the shot, the muzzle flame and PDO on the stress state and organs of sight of the shooter;

- lack of requirements for the type and condition of the underlying surface, which, in addition to the type of ammunition, determine the PDO parameters and the time of detection and recognition of the target;

- lack of requirements for the strength and direction of the wind, which determine the time spent by PDO between the target and the sight of the tank;

- the use of various real types of targets, which leads to a significant consumption of motor resources of the used BTVT models, fuels and lubricants, and a long test time.

There is a method of replacing real samples (goals) with worlds to solve problems of determining the range of their detection, recognition and identification [1, 2]. To solve the problem of recognizing the object of observation, a four-stroke world is used that simulates the frontal (on-board) projection of a tank or other BTVT model.

This method allows to reduce the cost of motor resources, fuels and lubricants (fuels and lubricants) samples of military fuel vehicles used as targets, however, it has the same disadvantages as the prototype.

The objective of the invention is:

- increasing the reliability of determining the time of target recognition when firing from a tank due to PDO;

- obtaining comparable in accuracy of the results of the assessment on the time of recognition of the target when testing various tank ammunition or their components;

- reducing the time of testing, material means, the consumption of motor resources of samples, fuels and lubricants.

The essence of the invention is to replace real goals with the world, to reduce the influence of test conditions on the results of determining the target recognition time due to a smoke cloud.

To solve this problem, a well-known method for determining the target recognition time in daylight conditions, including the operations of measuring the illumination on the ground, meteorological visibility range, setting the target on the track, observing the operator through the sight, fixing the target recognition time with a stopwatch, determining the target recognition time by other operators, processing The results obtained further include measuring the direction and strength of the wind. The tests are carried out under conditions when their values correspond to the specified requirements - the wind is not more than 0.2 m / s from any direction. To exclude the influence of a dust cloud during firing, a platform for installing a tank is prepared, which excludes the formation of a dust cloud (concrete, asphalt, wood). As a target, a four-stroke world mounted on a shield of 300 m installed at a distance of 300 m from the shooting tank is used, which simulates the angular size of the frontal projection of the tank mounted on the effective firing range of a certain type of projectile, which provides a simulation of the real range to the target and reduces the influence of the airborne forces on the target’s contrast with the background (Fig. 1). The geometric dimensions of the shield (height and width) are no less than three times the height and width of the worlds, and the contrast between the strokes of the worlds and the surface of the shield is equal to 0.5, which ensures target recognition at a given range.

The main armament is fired from a place in the direction of the shield with the minimum possible deviation of the projectile flight path from it. Before firing, each operator conducts operations to determine the time of target recognition (worlds) with the determination of its average value.

The methodology for determining the target recognition time is as follows. The tank is installed on a prepared site. At a distance of 300 m from the tank, a shield with peace is installed. Measure the parameters of the external environment. When they match the specified values, the operators through the scope determine the target recognition time t _rts . Process the results. Prepare the main weapons of the tank for firing. Depending on the purpose of the tests, all operators sequentially shoot the test ammunition with the determination of the target recognition time t _{rts to} , or conduct a comparative assessment of the target recognition time when firing standard and tested ammunition.

The influence of the smoke cloud on the time of target recognition is determined by the expression t _to = t _{rts to} -t _rts ,

where t _to is the time of the loss of visibility of the target due to the smoke cloud;

t _{RC to} - time recognition of the target after the shot;

t _{RC to} - time of target recognition before firing.

The proposed method for determining the target recognition time during firing corresponds to actual operation and firing for effectiveness during tank tests when, after the first shot is fired, the crew searches and prepares the second and subsequent shots. At the same time, delays in firing due to the smoke cloud should be excluded from the calculations of their preparation [1].

The advantages of the proposed method for determining the target recognition time when firing from a tank are:

- the ability to determine the time of loss of visibility of the target due to the smoke cloud of its own shot;

-increase the accuracy and reliability of test results in wider conditions for their implementation;

- a comparative assessment of various ammunition for the lifetime of the smoke cloud;

simplification of the test methodology, reduction of labor intensity, consumption of motor resources of BTVT and fuels and lubricants samples;

- no need to develop new test tools;

- the use of the proposed method as a standard method for conducting comparative tests of various ammunition.

- preservation of real objects during firing.

Sources of information 1 Theory and design of the tank. Edited by Doctor of Technical Sciences prof. P.P. Isakova. Volume 3. Tests of tank weapons. - M.: Mechanical Engineering, 1988 .-- 263 p. (prototype).

2 V.G. Tarasov, Yu.G. Akushenkov. "Looking" infrared systems. - M .: Logos, 2004 .-- 443 p.

Claims (7)

1. A method for determining the time of target recognition when shooting from a tank, including operations for measuring illumination on the ground, meteorological visibility range, setting the target on the track, observing the operator through the sight, fixing the time for recognizing the target with a stopwatch, determining the time for target recognition by other operators, processing the results , characterized in that they additionally measure the direction and speed of the wind, prepare the site for installation of the tank, eliminating the formation of dust about blaka, as a target, a four-stroke world is applied, applied to a shield mounted at a distance of 300 m from the tank, firing from the main armament is conducted from a place in the direction of the shield with the minimum possible deviation of the projectile flight path from it. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the angular dimensions of the worlds - height and width - correspond to the angular dimensions of the frontal projection of the tank installed at a range of effective firing by a certain type of projectile, the contrast between the shield and the strokes of the worlds is 0.5, the geometric dimensions of the shield are height and width - not less than three times the geometric dimensions of the worlds. 3. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the assessment of the influence of the smoke cloud on the recognition time of the target is carried out in accordance with the expression t _to = t _rtsdo -t _rts , where t _to - time loss of visibility of the target due to the smoke cloud; t _rtsdo - time recognition of the target after the shot; t _RC - time recognition targets before firing.

Images