RU2525709C1 - Universal envelope noise-attenuating module - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: machine building.

SUBSTANCE: module comprises an external acoustically transparent envelope featuring one- or multi-layer version made of metal or polymer material or from a combined laminated structure of dissimilar structural materials shaping a closed formed independent vessel with the porous sound-absorbing material placed into the inner cavity. A form of the external acoustically transparent envelope is presented primarily in regular geometrical figures of volumetric cavity elements, a thickness of the wall of the external acoustically transparent envelope does not exceed 3 mm, its structural construction material corresponds primarily to a continuous air-tight layer of elastic polymer film or metal foil or air-blasted perforated layer of elastic polymer film or metal foil or air-blasted fibrous layer of non-woven fabric or woven fabric, or a perforated layer of metal or polymer material, or the combined multi-layer combined conjunctions thereof. A volume of every stand-alone fractured sound-absorbing element is located primarily in a range of V_f=4.2×(10^-9…10^-2) m³, while a density of filling a cavity of the closed formed stand-alone vessel amounts to ρ_f=10…655 kg/m³.

EFFECT: improving acoustic convenience due to improved noise-suppressing efficiency in the extended frequency range.

33 cl, 47 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of noise-reducing constructions of a universal type, designed to reduce noise levels of a various type of noise-vibrating technical objects - vehicles, industrial and technological equipment, power plants, ventilation and air conditioning systems, electric machines, sanitary appliances, household appliances and other noise-vibration-proof technical devices that produce acoustic (noise) pollution, as well as to improve cal comfort in residential, industrial and public areas and buildings.

In well-known scientific monographs and study guides [1, 2, 3, 4], covering the use of a variety of techniques and devices for suppressing (attenuating) noise radiation produced by power equipment, transport vehicles, and building structures, noise-absorbing modules containing in their composition are widely represented porous sound-absorbing substances made in the form of monolithic continuous sheet or roll panel claddings mounted on various types of bearing (support) molded bases yah screen elements, body parts, housings, capsules, compartments, wall structures, etc. structural elements.

[1] Tupov VB Noise reduction from power equipment. - M.: Publishing House MPEI. - 2005 .-- 232 s.

[2] Ivanov N.I. Engineering acoustics. Theory and practice of dealing with noise. - M .: Logos. - 2010 .-- 424 p.

[3] Osipov G.L., Bobylev V.N., Borisov L.A. etc. Sound insulation and sound absorption. - M .: ACT Astrel. - 2004 .-- 450 s.

[4] Helmut V. Fuchs. Schallabsorber und Schalldampfer. Innovative akustische Konzepte und Bauteile mit praktischen Anwendungen in konkreten Beispielen. - Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heidelberg. - 2007. - 546 S.

In the well-known scientific monograph [5], along with continuous sheet and rolled porous sound-absorbing claddings (panels, upholstery, gaskets) used as a part of various sound-absorbing modules, monolithic solid-shaped sound-absorbing claddings in the form of a complex spatial shape of shaped elements of compact overall dimensions are also presented having found the widest use in low-noise vehicle designs.

[5] Fesina M.I., Krasnov A.V., Gorina L.N., Pankov L.A. Car acoustic materials. Design and research of low noise vehicle designs. The monograph is in two parts. - Tolyatti: TSU. - 2010. - Part 1 - 304 s., Part 2 - 352 s.

Also known are technical devices of sound-absorbing modules as constituent structural elements using structured porous sound-absorbing layers in the form of rationally perforated and / or narrow-band panels (gaskets, upholstery), which include, in particular, technical devices according to Russian patents for utility models and inventions: RU 52809, RU 72453, RU 78759, RU 81925, RU 2327887, RU2328382, RU 2369495, RU 2438911, RU 2442698, RU 2456173. The above family of technical devices containing this type of structured porous sound-absorbing e layers as constituent elements of sound-absorbing modules are characterized by improved sound-absorbing properties with a reduced consumption of feedstock (porous sound-absorbing substance). However, their implementation requires the implementation of additional technological operations on specialized technological equipment. At the same time, it is necessary to use expensive raw materials endowed with highly effective sound-absorbing properties and possessing the required technological and operational characteristics.

Known technical devices for sound-absorbing modules as constituent elements using anisotropic porous sound-absorbing layers structured with respect to targeted volumetric (surface) localization of structural zones of a given density, porosity, airflow resistance, Young's modulus, loss coefficient (modulus). This type of structuring makes it possible to increase the sound-absorbing properties of porous structures with a decrease in their material consumption and dimensions, and in some cases allows to obtain a decrease in cost indicators. However, in most cases of this type of structuring, it is necessary to use complex and expensive technological processes, feedstock and technological equipment. This type of structured porous sound-absorbing layers in the structure of noise-absorbing modules of units and systems of various technical objects is given, in particular, RU 2243111, RU 2369495, RU 2081010, RU 2410556.

In the known device according to the patent of the Russian Federation for invention No. 2268380, published on January 20, 2006, the design of a sound-absorbing module is described, which comprises two interconnected cellular panels made by pressing or contact molding of a nonwoven fibrous material impregnated with an epoxy binder. The cells of the panels of the noise-attenuating module are arranged on the one hand in regular rows with a one-sided direction of the vertices, and on the other side the corresponding cross-shaped jumpers between the cells are formed. The external fibrous panel of the noise absorption module is perforated through holes, which ensures the formation of throat and / or chamber elements forming noise suppressors such as Helmholtz resonators. A significant drawback of the known technical solution is the relatively narrow frequency band of the effective absorption of sound energy provided by it, due to the corresponding use of the frequency-tuned narrow-band effect of resonant sound absorption in the cavities of the formed chambers inherent in technical devices such as Helmholtz resonators. The disadvantage is the complexity of the technological process of manufacturing a technical device and the need to use expensive raw materials and production equipment to perform the operations of forming (pressing) blanks from non-woven materials.

The international application for invention No. 2007/022971, published on 08/23/2006, describes the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a supporting honeycomb structure and two facing layers made of polymeric sound-transparent material covering it from two (front and back) sides. According to the description of the application for the invention, in the manufacture of a sound-absorbing module, heated facing layers are additionally applied to the front and back surfaces of the supporting honeycomb structure. After that, the air cavities of the supporting honeycomb structure, which form the battery of acoustic resonators, are filled with gas (nitrogen or air) under excessive pressure, which causes rapid polymerization (solidification) of the structure of the material of the facing layers and ensures a uniform surface of the noise-absorbing module (without the presence of recesses in the cell zones). The disadvantage of the presented technical solution is its mediocre acoustic characteristics of the devices due to the fact that the resulting resonant cavities of the noise-absorbing module have selective narrow-band noise-attenuation effects along the width of the frequency range and a low degree of absorption of high-frequency sound energy due to the absence of porous sound-absorbing material in the cavities of the cell, elimination of sound absorption mechanisms energy during the reflection of sound waves from the bottom of the noise-absorbing mode Ulya. The sound transparency of the claimed design of the device is characterized by a corresponding small value of the resistance to blowing and / or low values of the specific surface mass of substances, determined by the mass per 1 m ^{2 of the} surface of the used structural materials. The value of the resistance to blowing used in the device of translucent breathable fabrics or non-woven fabrics is within the range of 20 ... 500 n · s / m ³ , with a thickness of 0.025 ... 0.25 mm of fabric or non-woven fabric of a microperforated film or microperforated foil layer and their surface density of 20 ... 300 g / m The values of the surface density (specific surface mass) of continuous protective sound-transparent films not blown by the air stream should preferably be in the range of 20 ... 70 g / m ² with a film thickness of 0.01 ... 0.1 mm.

In the international application for invention No. 2006/128632, published on December 7, 2006, the problem of absorption of sound energy is solved by using the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a battery of acoustic resonators, including a supporting cellular sandwich structure containing side walls separating the cell cavities and the bottom, made of a dense sound-reflecting material containing facing layers of a polymer film, fabric or non-woven fabric of fibrous materials covering as a back continuous the surface of the cellular structure, and its facial discontinuous surface. To ensure a given value and frequency range of the effect of absorption of sound energy, an appropriate selection of the geometric parameters of the cavities of the cellular structure is performed. The disadvantage of this technical solution is the need for time-consuming operations to select the characteristics (observing the accuracy of the frequency tuning) of the technical device in the form of cavities of a cellular structure in order to provide an acceptable (specified by the technical task for the development and technical conditions of production) absorption of sound energy. It also requires the implementation of appropriate complex and labor-intensive technological operations for the preparation of production, in particular the manufacture of molds or molding machines.

In the technical device according to French patent No. 2300384, published on 02/07/1975, to expand the frequency range of effective absorption of sound energy, it is proposed to use the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a battery of acoustic resonators, including a built-in structure that combines families of funnel-shaped elements open on both sides of a variable transverse area sections (between inlet, neck and bottom) perforated in separate localized areas through holes E. The mortgage structure is mounted on a carrier base containing a flat part and rectangular open cavities on the front side formed by the side walls so that the funnel-shaped elements of the mortgage structure are placed in the cavity of the carrier base, ensuring their overlap on the front side. The outer surface of the formed prefabricated structure of the noise absorption module is lined with soundproof gas-tight material. Thus, the formed sound-absorbing module contains a battery of acoustic resonators, including two types of communicating acoustic resonator cavities of various dimensions in the funnel-shaped elements of the embedded structure, communicated by the perforation hole with the cavities of the carrier base. The disadvantages of the presented technical solution is the ability to configure the noise-absorbing module to effectively absorb sound energy only in limited frequency ranges, its high cost, the complexity of the manufacturing process and the need to use expensive technological equipment for its production.

US Patent No. 6290022, published September 18, 2001, presents the design of an integrated sound-absorbing module containing a battery of acoustic resonators that provides absorption of sound energy in an extended frequency range of 50 ... 10000 Hz of the sound spectrum. It includes a set of perforated through holes of plates with a thickness of 0.5 ... 5 mm made of elastic polymer material, the front surface area of each of which does not exceed 10% of the front surface area of the noise-absorbing module. The diameter and the pitch of the centers of the perforation holes are different for each plate used. Perforated plates are mounted on a carrier base made of a dense polymer elastomeric sound-reflecting material, in the structure of which corresponding families of cavities (blind channels) of various depths and dimensions are formed so that the holes of the perforation of the carrier plate are aligned with the cavities of the carrier base. As a result, a large number of families of Helmholtz resonators are integrated in the technical device, integrated into the noise-absorbing module, with a different combination of the volumes of their cavity chambers, diameters and thicknesses (dynamic lengths) of the necks forming the battery of acoustic resonators. The elasticity properties, which are endowed with the constituent elements of the formed sound absorber, make it possible to form claddings from it for mounting surfaces of various geometric shapes. In this case, the composite parameters of the Helmholtz resonators are tuned in such a way that the band of the noise attenuation (sound absorption) of each of the families of acoustic resonators is overlapped by a frequency width of approximately 50 Hz, with the frequency band of the noise attenuation of other families of acoustic resonators, thereby providing a continuous extended frequency band of the effective noise attenuation. A significant drawback of the presented technical solution is the need to create a sufficiently large front surface area (increased dimensions) of the noise-absorbing module due to the need to form many families of Helmholtz resonators that provide effective absorption of sound energy in a given extended frequency range (in particular, it is difficult to reach in the low frequency range requiring the use of large-sized acoustic resonators). A technical drawback is also the difficulty in achieving effective broadband attenuation of acoustic energy of this type by a noise-absorbing module, due to the negative mutual influence of the nearby throats of the resonators, which causes the dynamic interaction of their near acoustic (hydrodynamic) fields. This makes it difficult to predict the final efficiency with respect to the achieved frequency range and the level (degree) of damping of acoustic energy, without significant “dips” in the frequency response of damping of this type of battery of acoustic resonators.

The RF patent for invention No. 2268966, published on January 27, 2006, describes the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a rear sound-reflecting wall made of a dense material, a continuous monolithic layer of sound-absorbing material, endowed with a non-linear geometric shape and pronounced relief surfaces located at an angle to each other to a friend less than 180 °, a front sound transparent panel perforated through holes. To prevent spillage (gas blowing) of the particles of sound-absorbing material through the perforation holes in the front soundproof panel, a thin layer of soundproof fiberglass can be mounted on its surface. The disadvantage of the presented technical solution is the increased consumption of the used porous sound-absorbing substance with insufficient absorption of sound energy (especially in the low-frequency region of the sound spectrum). In the manufacture of the specified sound-absorbing module, it becomes necessary to perform a complex technological operation of profiling the layer of a porous sound-absorbing material in compliance with the narrow tolerance fields of the ratios of the intersection angles of the cutting surfaces.

Japanese Patent Application No. 2007176363, published July 12, 2007, describes the design of a sound-absorbing module containing a supporting base of dense sound-reflecting material, on the surface of which hollow trough-like elements are mounted, having in their cross section, mainly the shape of a circle, triangle or square, made correspondingly technological process of forming a non-woven fibrous material. Closed cavities formed between a sound-reflecting supporting surface and hollow trough-like elements filled with porous open-cell sound-absorbing material. By rationalizing the selection of the geometric (dimensional) parameters of the closed cavities, the corresponding tuning of the absorption efficiency of sound energy is carried out, mainly for the mid-frequency sound range. A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the unsatisfactory noise-reducing properties of the noise-absorbing module in the high sound frequency range, which is due to the use of a monolithic layer of sound-absorbing material of trough-like elements, molded for structural and technological reasons with high density and low porosity.

The international application No. 2006016321, published on 02.16.2006, describes the design of a shell sound-absorbing module containing a rigid load-bearing structural capacity, an elastic soundproof sheath covering its internal cavity. In the formed cavity, a panel of porous sound-absorbing foamed open-cell or non-woven fibrous type is placed. A device is connected to the cavity of the carrying structural capacity, which provides a given excess air pressure or vacuum (partial vacuum) for the subsequent purposeful control of the degree of absorption of the sound energy of the panel and the directional change of the reverberation time in the low-frequency sound range of the room in which the specified sound-absorbing module is installed. The presented design of the sound-absorbing module is characterized by the complexity of execution, cumbersomeness, high cost and mediocre sound-absorbing properties (which is illustrated by the values of the sound absorption coefficient presented in figure 3 of the marked application for invention).

The German patent for invention No. 3506488, published on 09/04/1986, describes the design of a shell sound-absorbing module, comprising a sound-absorbing sheath made of two layers of a polymeric air-non-woven or non-woven air-blown material connected along the perimeter, filled with a porous sound-absorbing foam or openly absorbed material fibrous type. In this case, families of separate cavities can be formed in the structure of the supporting sound-transparent shell by forming the corresponding seams, by pressing a porous sound-absorbing substance or by adhesive bonding of the layers of the sound-transparent shell using sticky adhesive or thermoactive adhesive substances filled with porous sound-absorbing material. One of the disadvantages of the presented technical solution is the insufficiently high sound-absorbing properties of the used porous sound-absorbing material, made in the form of a continuous monolithic layer of a porous sound-absorbing substance. Another significant drawback is its unsatisfactory cost parameters and environmental safety indicators for the production (disposal) of porous sound-absorbing substances used in the structure of the presented sound-absorbing module, which are caused by their negative impact on the environment. This is due, in particular, to the typical “environmentally dirty” technological processes used for the extraction of hydrocarbon feedstock for the subsequent production of foamed open-cell sound-absorbing material from it. Ecologically dirty is also the final stage of its operation as part of a standard product - a noise-absorbing module, with the need for its final disposal at the end of the life cycle of the technical facility in which it is used. It is known that increasing volumes of extraction of expensive source hydrocarbon (oil, gas) raw materials used for the subsequent production of porous sound-absorbing materials, taking into account the irreplaceability of these raw hydrocarbon resources, leads to their inevitable depletion during the accompanying ongoing technological processes of environmental pollution in the processes of its extraction, transportation and subsequent processing. A significant technical problem is, in particular, the environmentally hazardous (environmentally dirty) recycling of foamed open-cell sound-absorbing substances, for example, the most widely used open-cell polyurethane foams, preventing their energy recovery by burning, which is also characterized by unsatisfactory degree of suitability (weak demand) for recycling technologies processing. There is also the difficulty of dismantling and separating adhesive mating dissimilar types of materials of a soundproof sheath and a porous sound-absorbing substance as part of this type of structure of sound-absorbing modules. The traditional technological methods used for recycling recycled recycling of acoustic materials are usually associated with complex chemical and technological processes of their splitting, which leads, inter alia, to additional financial costs, as well as causing negative side effects on the environment. Secondary recycling recycling of fragmentation products (fragments of sound-absorbing materials, porous foamed or fibrous semi-finished products, individual layers, etc.), carried out, for example, to extract electric, thermal and gas energy hidden in materials of organic origin, slags contained in fragmentation products, requires the use of very complex and expensive technologies. In addition, the products of secondary recycled recycling fragmentation themselves, as a rule, are not homogeneous in their structural composition, which requires the use of additional technological operations for their separation and complicates the process of such processing. In the case of the disposal of this type of waste by their subsequent disposal in landfills, material costs also increase due to the lack of free places for their disposal. In these cases, there is a rejection of significant free spaces that could be used to benefit society.

As a prototype, the RF patent for invention No. 2442705, published on 02.20.2012, which describes the design of a noise-absorbing shell module containing a perforated load-bearing sound-transparent casing of a metal or polymeric material, or of an integrally molded pressed hard-shell porous fibrous material filled with randomly arranged , with the formation of air gaps, isolated crushed sound-absorbing elements of arbitrary geometric shape s dimensions which are preferably in the range of 10 ... 50 mm, the inner and / or outer surface of the shell is lined with perforated walls, at least one layer of protective gazovlagonepronitsaemoy, sound transparency film. At the same time, isolated crushed sound-absorbing elements are products of the secondary processing of porous structures (foamed open-cell, fibrous) parts of noise insulation packages of motor vehicles that have completed their life cycle or of a similar type of noise-absorbing parts of noise insulation composition used in noise-generating power plants and industrial and technological equipment sound-absorbing building structures, or technological waste and defective products odstva porous sound-absorbing materials and parts from them. A significant drawback of the presented technical solution is the possibility of its effective use mainly in the cramped spaces of the engine compartments of motor vehicles (in particular, passenger cars). This is due to the limited choice of the given geometric shapes and dimensions of the supporting soundproof shell, its physical and mechanical parameters, as well as the geometric dimensions of the separate crushed sound-absorbing elements placed in its cavity, which provide absorption of sound energy in a given limited frequency range, characteristic for specific emitters of sound energy of engines internal combustion cars.

The technical result achieved by the implementation of the claimed invention consists in a predetermined improvement of noise-reducing efficiency in an extended frequency range, an increase in possible applications, increased "universalization", "unification" and "typification" of shell-sound-absorbing modules, achieved with the least material and labor costs.

Universalization - increasing the efficiency of a technical object by expanding its functions and increasing the range of possible areas of use. The main economic significance of universalization is the replacement of several specialized technical facilities that perform individual functions or are used in separate areas with one universal technical facility.

Typification is a unification method consisting in the development of standard solutions for their use in the creation of new products, processes or in the performance of relevant work.

Unification is a relative reduction in the diversity of elements compared to the variety of systems in which they are used. Elements of unification can be devices, processes, as well as their signs or a combination of these signs, considered when solving the problem as an indivisible whole.

In the above technical description of the claimed invention, the term "recycling" means the collection, transportation, disassembly, disposal of technical objects and the disposal of unused waste.

The term "disposal" means the use of waste for good.

The term "waste" means any substance or object that has completed its life cycle that the owner of a technical object throws away, or intends to throw it away, or they are to be thrown away.

The term "recycling" means the return to production of materials through their subsequent processing. The use of recycled materials, for example, for the manufacture of vehicles is encouraged at the international level, in particular by the action of the European Community Directive (Directive 2000/53 / EC). It should be borne in mind that in such cases, the characteristics of components (technical devices) made from recycled materials should not deteriorate. Particular attention is paid to the issues of marking parts and components of vehicles made of rubber and plastic. With the help of the marking system, decisions can be made on the separated sorting of materials, their subsequent processing or disposal of unused materials. Vehicle manufacturers, together with manufacturers of components (parts, assemblies) and manufacturers of materials for them, are required to use standards for the code designation of assemblies and materials and, in particular, to identify those parts and materials that are suitable for recovery, regulated disposal, or energy recovery .

To achieve the claimed technical result in the known construction of a sound-absorbing module containing an external soundproof sheath forming a closed container, the cavity of which is filled with a porous sound-absorbing substance, the soundproof outer sheath is made of a continuous layer of elastic air-tight film (foil) and / or a layer of air-blown non-woven or fabric material or reinforced sound-transparent structure of a mesh (metal, polymer), rod (metal, poly molecular weight) of sheet (metal, plastics) material, perforated with through holes perforation ratio:

where S _lane is the total projection area of the perforation holes on the front surface of the outer translucent shell, m ² , S _pr is the front surface area of the outer translucent shell, m ² , and thus may include, including several, at least two of the above differing types of continuous, perforated (microperforated), mesh or rod sound-transparent layers (structures) of materials.

The diameter and pitch of the perforation holes of the external translucent shell is selected based on the need to meet the requirements of acceptable sound transparency and at the same time maintain high technological and operational properties of the technical device. In the perforated structure of the outer translucent shell, “microperforation” can be performed, i.e. perforation of its structure through holes with a radius of less than 1 mm, i.e. less than 0.001 m (see patent for invention RU 2453775).

According to the claimed technical solution, a porous sound-absorbing substance located in a closed cavity of a container formed by an external sound-transparent shell is represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, mainly (more than half), made of identical or different types of structures and grades of sound-absorbing materials characterized by identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and combination of uses of the known types of structures of porous layers in the composition of single and / or their multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shapes and dimensions, made from recyclable waste, represented in the form of parts and assemblies dismantled from utilized technical objects that are technologically processed by the method of crushing porous sound-absorbing structures, mainly parts and components of noise insulation packages of vehicles that have completed their life cycle, and / or from technological waste and marriage odstva porous sound-absorbing materials and parts from them. The volume of each of the isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments is in the range of V _f = 4.2 × (10 ^-9 ... 10 ^-2 ) m ³ and the filling density by them of the closed cavity formed by the external supporting sound-transparent shell is ρ _f = 10 ... 655 kg / m ³ .

As the composition of the feedstock used for the manufacture of this type of sound-absorbing substance of a universal sound-absorbing module, separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements obtained in the form of products of recycled recycled recycling processing of technological waste and / or technological marriage of the production of fibrous, foamed open-cell sound-absorbing materials, and / or parts of the specified types of sound-absorbing materials, as well as received x from parts (panels, upholstery, gaskets made of porous sound-absorbing materials) selected for secondary recycled recycling recycling of noise insulation packages of various noise-generating technical objects, for example, the body of vehicles (driver’s cabin, passenger compartment, engine compartment, luggage compartment) their life cycle, dismantled from the composition of noise-reducing packages (sets) and subject, in this regard, to disposal processes, as well as from analogues type of standard noise reduction packages used in other noise-related technical facilities, such as vehicles (railway, aircraft, tractors, combines, mobile communal and road-building equipment, etc.), units and systems of power plants (stationary engines of internal combustion, stationary and mobile compressor units, etc.), in construction sites (soundproof fiber and / or foamed open-cell panels for wall linings, interfloor coverings, elevator shafts, ventilation systems, etc.). Their renewable use, in the end, entails a reduction in the demanded consumption of feedstock intended both for the production of sound-absorbing materials and for the manufacture of “new” noise-reducing products from it (due to the corresponding compensation replacing them with available semi-finished products for secondary recycled recycling). This, ultimately, reduces the cost of the produced technical device, and also ensures the reduction of environmental pollution by generated industrial wastes and unused products for the disposal of acoustic materials used in the composition of noise-absorbing packages of various types of noise-generating technical objects, and especially vehicles. Thus, ultimately, this helps to improve the environmental characteristics of the device, including by reducing the number of sound-absorbing substances that must be buried (for example, noise-reducing packages in the components of vehicles that have served their term), which do not allow their direct energy disposal by incineration. To simplify the technological operations of crushing / cutting / cutting and to ensure a predetermined more accurate dosage according to the composition, weight and size parameters, etc., as the initial semi-finished raw materials for the manufacture of sound-absorbing substances of the sound-absorbing module, the “new” isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing can also be partially used. elements. The term "new" refers to newly manufactured elements from a "new" raw material, for example, from a semi-finished product, mainly a flat-sheet type (flat sheets or rolls of sound-absorbing material), and not from recyclable materials and parts. Mixtures of dosed combinations of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements obtained in certain proportions obtained from recycled recycling materials and parts can also be used, to which a certain amount of “new” isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements of a similar or different type, geometric shape and overall dimensions are added, made from the "new" initial semi-finished raw materials for the production of porous sound absorbing materials. This, if necessary, makes it possible to simplify and purposefully more flexibly control the final technical parameters of the formed mixed mass (acoustic, weight, density, stiffness, operational, etc.) by introducing the required quantitative and qualitative dosed additives of “new” isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, with known, for example, acoustic (sound-absorbing) parameters located in a narrower tolerance field, which improve hydrochloric least said desired specifications of the noise absorbing module as a whole.

The analysis of scientific, technical and patent documentation on the priority date in the main and related sections of the MKI shows that the set of essential features of the claimed technical solution was not previously known, therefore, it meets the patentability condition of “novelty”.

The analysis of known technical solutions in the art showed that the claimed device has features that are not available in the known technical solutions, and their use in the claimed combination of features makes it possible to obtain a new technical result, therefore, the proposed technical solution has an inventive step compared to the existing level technicians.

The proposed technical solution is industrially applicable, because can be manufactured industrially, efficiently, feasibly and reproducibly, therefore, meets the patentability condition “industrial applicability”.

Other features and advantages of the claimed invention will become apparent from the drawings and the following detailed description of the claimed device, where

- figure 1 presents an isometric diagram and cross-sections of two variants of the universal shell sound-absorbing module of a packaged type containing an external sound-proof single-chamber (with one cavity of a closed molded separate cavity) shell made of a rolled polymer film, fabric or non-woven fibrous material, into which with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive-conjugated two transverse and one longitudinal seams with made mounting holes on Vuh end portions of the shell, packed separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements made of identical type (modification 1) or three types of structures differing materials, randomly distributed over the volume of the cavity (version 2) structures of sound-absorbing material;

- figure 2 presents an isometric diagram and cross-sections of two versions of the universal shell sound-absorbing module of a packaged type containing an external soundproof single-chamber (with one cavity) sheath made of a rolled polymer film, fabric or non-woven fibrous material into which with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive-conjugated two transverse and one longitudinal seams, with mounting holes made at two end sections of the shell, are packed on single-sided crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types (version 1) or three different types of material structures randomly distributed throughout the cavity volume (version 2) of structures of sound-absorbing materials, inside of the cavity of which are embedded rod reinforcing elements made of the corresponding types of metal or polymer materials such as polyamide, polypropylene or a similar type of intended use of a structural material;

- figure 3 presents an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three versions of a versatile shell sound-absorbing module of a packaged type containing an external soundproof three-chamber (with three separate cavities) shell made of a rolled polymer film, fabric or non-woven fibrous material, into which welded or sticky adhesive-conjugated two transverse and three longitudinal seams, with mounting holes made at the two end sections of the shell packed separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types (version 1), or three different types of structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a separate separate cavity (version 2), or three different types randomly distributed over the volumes of three cavities (version 3) structures of sound-absorbing materials;

- figure 4 presents an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three versions of a universal sound-absorbing module of a packaged type containing an external soundproof three-chamber (with three separate cavities) shell made of a rolled polymer film, fabric or non-woven fibrous material into which, with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive-conjugated two transverse and three longitudinal seams, with made mounting holes at the two end sections of the shell, are packed on special crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types (version 1), or three different types of structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a separate separate cavity (version 2), or three different types randomly distributed over the volumes of three cavities (version 3) structures of sound-absorbing materials, the cavities of which contain embedded rod reinforcing elements made of appropriate types of metal or polymer materials als type polyamide, polypropylene or a similar type of application target structural material;

- figure 5 presents an isometric diagram and cross-sections of two versions of a versatile shell-type sound-absorbing module of a packaged type containing an external soundproof single-chamber (with one cavity) sheath made of a rolled polymer film, fabric or non-woven fibrous material, into which with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive-conjugated two transverse and one longitudinal seams, containing mounting holes on one end portion of the shell in the upper seam, pack Vanir separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements made of identical type (modification 1) or three different types of randomly distributed over the volume and filling the volume uprugodeformiruyuschih its external sound transmission casing (version 2) structures of sound-absorbing material;

- Fig.6 shows an isometric diagram and cross-sections of two versions of a versatile shell-type sound-absorbing module of a packaged type containing an external soundproof single chamber (with one cavity of a closed molded separate cavity) multilayer shell of a geometric parallelepiped made of one layer of a rolled polymer film, fabric or non-woven fibrous material and a reinforcing forming wire layer of a polymer or metal mat the rial, in which, with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive-conjugated two transverse and one longitudinal seams, with made mounting holes at the two end sections of the shell, separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types (version 1) or three different types of material structures are packed randomly distributed throughout the cavity (execution 2) of structures of sound-absorbing materials;

- Fig. 7 shows an isometric diagram and cross-sections of two versions of a packaged-type universal shell sound-absorbing module containing an external soundproof single chamber (with one cavity of a closed molded separate cavity) multilayer shell of a geometric parallelepiped made of one (execution 1) or two ( execution 2) layers of rolled polymer film, fabric or non-woven fibrous material and reinforcing forming perforated layer made of a polymeric or metal material, into which separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types are packed with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive-conjugated two transverse and one longitudinal seams with made mounting holes at two end sections of the shell three different types of structures of materials randomly distributed throughout the cavity (performance 2) of structures of sound-absorbing materials;

- Fig. 8 shows an isometric diagram and cross sections of two versions of a versatile shell-type sound-absorbing module of a packaged type containing an external soundproof single chamber (with one cavity of a closed molded separate cavity) shell of a cylindrical geometric shape of a multilayer execution made of one (execution 1) or two (execution 2) layers of rolled polymer film, fabric or non-woven fibrous material and reinforcing forming perforation A layer made of a polymer or metal material, into which separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types are packed with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive-conjugated two transverse and one longitudinal seams with made mounting holes at two end sections of the shell or three different types of structures of materials randomly distributed throughout the cavity volume (version 2) of structures of sound-absorbing materials;

- figure 9 presents an isometric diagram and cross sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal shell sound-absorbing module of a briquetted type containing an external sound-transparent shell in the form of three closed molded separate containers made of a perforated layer of a polymer or metal material, mounted with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive compounds on a flat base made of a continuous air-tight sound absorber material, closed molded separate containers are filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (version 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a separate closed molded separate container (version 2), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials randomly distributed throughout volumes of cavities of three closed molded isolated containers (execution 3);

- figure 10 presents an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal shell sound-absorbing module of a briquetted type containing an external sound-transparent shell, in the form of three closed molded separate containers made of a multilayer combination of a perforated layer of a polymer or metal material and lining it from the front (outer) side a continuous sound-transparent film layer of a polymer or a layer of fabric (non-woven) fibrous material mounted with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive joints on a flat base made of a continuous air-blown sound-reflecting material, closed molded separate containers filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in the cavity of a separate closed molded separate container (version 2), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials randomly distributed over the volume of the cavities of three closed molded separate containers (version 3);

- figure 11 presents an isometric diagram and cross sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal shell sound-absorbing module of a briquetted type containing an external sound-transparent shell in the form of three closed molded separate containers made of a multilayer combination of a perforated layer of a polymer or metal material and lining it with the back (inner) side with a sound-transparent layer of polymer film material or a layer of non-woven (fabrics g) a fibrous material mounted with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive joints on a flat base made of a continuous air-blown sound-reflecting material, the cavities of closed molded separate containers are filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or different types of respective structures of sound-absorbing materials, each cat ryh placed in separate closed cavity molded separate containers (version 2), or different types of sound absorbing structures of the respective materials, randomly distributed over the volume of the three closed cavities molded separate containers (version 3);

- Fig. 12 shows an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological embodiments of a universal shell-type noise-absorbing module of a briquetted type containing an external soundproof sheath in the form of three closed molded separate containers made of a multilayer combination consisting of a perforated sound-transparent layer of a polymer or metal material and futurizing it from the front (outer) and back (inner) sides with a sound-transparent polymer film layer or layer of non-woven (fabric) fibrous material, the external soundproof sheath is mounted with the formation of welded or sticky adhesive joints on a flat base made of a continuous air-blown sound-reflecting material, the cavities of closed molded separate containers are filled with isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements of the corresponding types made up of corresponding structures made of identical sound-absorbing elements of the corresponding types sound-absorbing materials (version 1), or three different types structures of sound-absorbing material, each of which is placed in the cavity of a closed separate molded separate containers (version 2), or different types of sound absorbing structures of the respective materials, randomly distributed in terms of three separate molded containers (version 3);

- Fig. 13 shows an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological embodiments of a universal shell-type noise-attenuating module of a briquetted type containing an external soundproof sheath in the form of a molded monolithic six-capacitance structure made of a soundproof perforated layer of a polymeric or metallic material, mounted to form the corresponding welded or sticky adhesive compounds on a flat base made of continuous air-blown sound-reflecting material, the cavities of closed molded separate containers are filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (design 1), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a cavity of a separate closed molded separate container (design 2), or different types of corresponding soundproof structures glossy materials randomly distributed across the volumes of the three closed molded segregated containers (execution 3);

- Fig. 14 shows an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological embodiments of a universal shell-type noise-absorbing module of a briquetted type containing an external soundproof shell in the form of a molded monolithic six-capacitive structure made of a soundproof multilayer combination of a perforated layer of a polymeric or metallic material and lining the faces ( external) surfaces of closed molded separate containers with a layer of polymer film material or a layer of non-woven (fabric) fibrous sound-transparent material mounted with the formation of the corresponding welded or sticky adhesive joints on a flat base made of a continuous air-blown sound-reflecting material, the cavities of closed molded separate containers are filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of identical types sound-absorbing materials (version 1), or different t types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in the cavity of a separate closed molded separate container (version 2), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials randomly distributed over the volume of cavities of closed molded separate containers (version 3);

- Fig. 15 shows an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological variants of a universal shell-type noise-absorbing module of a briquetted type containing an external soundproof shell in the form of a molded monolithic six-capacitive structure made of a soundproof multilayer combination of a perforated layer of a polymeric or metallic material and lining the rear ( inner) surfaces of closed molded segregated containers solid sound transparent m layer of polymer film or a layer of non-woven (fabric) fibrous material, mounted with the formation of the corresponding welded or sticky adhesive joints on a flat base made of a continuous air-blown sound-reflecting material, the cavities of closed molded separate containers are filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical identical types made of identical structures of sound-absorbing materials (version 1), or different type sound absorptive material corresponding structures, each of which is placed in a separate closed cavity molded separate containers (version 2), or different types of sound absorbing structures of the respective materials, randomly distributed over the volume of closed cavities molded separate containers (version 3);

- Fig. 16 shows an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological embodiments of a universal cladding sound-absorbing module of a briquette type containing an external sound-transparent shell in the form of a molded monolithic six-capacitive structure made of the corresponding sound-transparent multilayer combination of a perforated layer of a polymer or metal material and lining faces (external) and rear (internal) surfaces of closed molded detached containers with a sound-transparent polymer film layer or a layer of non-woven (fabric) fibrous material, mounted with the formation of the corresponding welded or sticky adhesive joints on a flat base made of a continuous air-blown sound-reflecting material, the cavities of the closed molded separate containers are filled with isolated, fragmented fragmented soundproof elements types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (use 1), or three different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, each of which is placed in a separate cavity of a closed molded separate container (version 2), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials, randomly distributed over the volume of cavities of closed molded separate containers (version 3) ;

- on Fig presents an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal shell sound-absorbing module of a container type (in the form of a molded container), containing an external soundproof sheath made of a rolled polymer film or a layer of non-woven (fabric) fibrous material, applied (covering) with the formation of the corresponding welded or sticky adhesive joints flanging (flange) surfaces of non-planar of a creased single-chamber base (container) made of a continuous air-blown sound-reflecting material containing through mounting holes along its perimeter flange, the cavity of the molded single-chamber base (container) is filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (design 1) , or different types randomly distributed throughout the cavity cavity sponding structures sound absorbing materials (version 2), or different types of sound absorbing structures of the respective materials distributed by volume single-chamber cavity shaped base (container) with a shaping surface corresponding geometric contour front (outer) sound transparent membrane (version 3);

- Fig. 18 is an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological embodiments of a container-type universal shell sound-absorbing module containing an external soundproof sheath made of a roll of polymer film or a layer of non-woven (fabric) fibrous material deposited (covering) to form welded or sticky adhesive joints on flanging (flange) surfaces of a non-planar molded multi-chamber (in a particular case, a pyatnad of a chambered) base (container) made of a continuous layer of air-blown sound-reflecting material containing through mounting holes along its perimeter flange, the chamber cavities of the molded multi-chamber base (container) are filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or of different types of cavities randomly distributed over the volumes of the cavities amer of the molded multi-chamber base (container) of the corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (version 2), or different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials with their layer-by-layer distribution over the chamber cavities of the molded multi-chamber base (version 3);

- Figs. 19, 20 show cross-sections of three structural and technological embodiments of a universal container-type noise-absorbing shell module containing an external soundproof sheath made of a roll of polymer film or a layer of non-woven (fabric) fibrous material deposited (coated) to form welded or sticky adhesive joints on flanging (flange) surfaces (made inside) of a non-planar molded multi-chamber base (container), made Of a continuous layer of air-impervious sound-reflecting material, the cavities of the chambers of the molded multi-chamber base (container) are filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials (execution 1), or of different types of chamber chambers randomly distributed over the volumes of the cavities of the molded multi-chamber base (container) ) appropriate structures of sound-absorbing materials (version 2), or Leach types corresponding structures sound absorptive materials with their stratified by volume chambers cavities molded multi-chamber base (version 3);

- Fig.21 shows an isometric diagram and cross-sections of three structural and technological options for the implementation of a universal shell-sound-absorbing module of a briquette type containing an external soundproof sheath, presented in the form of a monolithic single capacitance (version 1) and four-capacitance (version 2 and 3) structures made of multilayer translucent combination of a perforated layer of a polymeric or metallic material and its front (external) surfaces lining it sound translucent o a layer of a film of polymeric or non-woven (fabric) fibrous material, the cavity of the translucent shell is filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials distributed in the cavity of a monolithic single-capacitive structure of an external translucent shell (execution 1), or several different types of corresponding structures of sound-absorbing materials in the form of crushed fragmented sound absorption lev els elements which are randomly distributed in the cavities of the outer structure chetyrehemkostnoy sound transmission casing (version 2), or different types of sound absorbing structures of the respective materials in the form of separate fragmented sound absorbing elements distributed in layers in the respective cavities chetyrehemkostnoy structure external sound transmission casing (version 3);

- on Fig presents an illustrative example of a possible placement of universal shell sound-absorbing modules of briquetted and packaged types, made according to one of the above structural and technological versions, in the space of the mine and the engine room of a passenger or freight elevator, which are presented in the form of freely laid on the floor surfaces of the universal sound-absorbing modules of the packaged type and in the form of fixed to the wall structures are placed I mechanical fasteners versatile sound-absorbing modules briquetted type;

- Fig.23 presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell sound-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices mounted in a residential, office or industrial premises, presented in the form of corresponding sound-absorbing cladding wall panels mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls using appropriate remote fastening mechanical elements in the form of horizontal suspensions ceiling panels, and / or placed at a predetermined distance from the ceiling surface (with a given air gap) and secured using appropriate cable elements, and / or vertical suspended ceiling panels placed at a predetermined distance from each other and secured by appropriate mechanical fastening elements or sticky adhesion to the surface of the ceiling of the room, having a longitudinal and cross section of a rectangular geometric shape;

- on Fig presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell sound-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, in a residential, office or industrial room and presented in the form of sound-absorbing cladding wall panels mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls using corresponding fastening remote mechanical elements having, in particular, in the longitudinal and transverse section directly carbon geometric shape, octagonal shape and / or in the form of horizontal suspended ceiling panels placed at a given distance from the ceiling surface (with a given air gap) and fixed to it using, for example, cable elements;

- Fig.25 presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell sound-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of sound-absorbing molded cladding panels and having, in particular, the geometric shape of an elongated truncated pyramid mounted by means of appropriate mechanical fasteners or the corresponding type of sticky adhesive on internal surfaces tyah housing elements shumoaktivnoy Tumbling industrial plant for performing chemical-mechanical treatment process and improved surface quality preforms and finished parts;

- Fig. 26 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell-type noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of various structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements of various geometric shapes such as a cone, a truncated cone, a ball, a cube with truncated corners, rectangular parallelepiped, parallelepiped with individual spherical faces freely laid on each other in the air cavity of the industrial oh power transformer;

- Fig. 27 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell-type noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of various structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric cube shape, freely laid on each other in free zones of the lower part of the air cavity of the case of an industrial power transformer, as well as in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric shape cone mounted on the inner surfaces of its walls by means of appropriate mechanical fasteners or surface adhesion joints;

- on Fig presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell sound-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric cube shape, freely laid with their faces and edges on top of each other in free air spaces between the supporting bearing profiles of an industrial dry type power transformer, as well as surround sound coupling elements having a geometrical shape of a truncated cone mounted by means of appropriate mechanical fasteners or by sticky surface adhesion bonding with the internal counter surfaces of the walls of the transformer station;

- Fig.29 presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell sound-absorbing modules of packaged and briquetted types, made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of sphere-shaped cavity packages, freely laid on each other, in air-free air cavities contained in a concrete base of a noise-vibration-proof industrial core mill (for example, intended for grinding mineral raw materials and lufabrikatov in building materials, mining and chemical industry), as well as a sound-absorbing lining elements briquetted type having a geometric shape of a cone mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls of its damping shroud through appropriate mechanical fasteners or an appropriate adhesive type adhesive compound;

- Fig. 30 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of a corresponding type of sound-absorbing cladding elements having a geometric cone shape mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls of the soundproof casing of a mechanical gearbox by using appropriate mechanical fasteners or a current type of surface sticky adhesive;

- on Fig presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell sound-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric cube shape, freely laid by the supporting zones of the ribs on top of each other in free air cavities formed between the functional elements of an industrial crusher, as well as presented in the form of volumetric facing sound absorbing elements having geometrical shape of parallelepipeds of different height, mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls encompassing it of the damping housing, through appropriate mechanical fasteners or adhesive surface of the corresponding type of adhesive compound;

- on Fig presents an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell sound-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of a variety of structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric shape of a curved parallelepiped mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls of the soundproofing screen installed near metal-cutting lathe, by using appropriate mechanical eskih fasteners or corresponding type adhesive surface of the adhesive compound;

- Fig. 33 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell-type noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of various structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric shape of the base of a pentagonal prism, freely laid by contacting ribs and / or faces each other on each other in the zones of the cavity of the soundproof casing, covering the housing of an industrial centrifugal pump, free of stavnyh functional and technological devices and systems;

- Fig. 34 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell-shaped noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of various structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric shape of a cone, mounted on the inner surfaces of the walls of the ceiling of an isolated technical room, in which houses the compressor station of the production hall, as well as in the form of volumetric drop-like sound absorption sensing elements suspended at a predetermined distance from the ceiling surface of the technical room by means of appropriate mechanical cables, including the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements of arbitrary geometric shape, freely laid in the airspace of the room, free from functional technological devices and systems of the pumping station;

- Fig. 35 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell-shaped noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of various structural and technological versions of technical devices in the form of truncated pyramids mounted on the walls and ceiling of a semi-anechoic acoustic chamber equipped with a dynamic driving research stand with running drums, by using appropriate mechanical fasteners or an appropriate type of surface mount o sticky adhesive joints, as well as universal sound-absorbing modules that do not have a strictly defined (fixed) geometric shape, freely laid in the space of a technical room under the floor of a semi-anechoic acoustic chamber;

- Fig. 36 shows an illustrative example of the placement of universal shell-type noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of various structural and technological versions of technical devices in the form of truncated pyramids mounted on the walls and ceiling of an anechoic acoustic chamber with a research drive motor stand housed in it, including the walls of the underground space of the technical room of the anechoic acoustic chamber, by applying appropriate mechanical fasteners or the corresponding type of surface adhesive adhesion, as well as the placement of universal sound-absorbing modules in the form of three-section blocks of pentagonal geometric shape of the base of the cylinders, suspended by appropriate mechanical cable elements and / or freely laid on the floor surface of the underground space of the technical room of the chamber, and universal sound-absorbing cubic modules with rounded ribs of sound-absorbing elements c, laid freely by their faces on top of each other in the space of the technical room (in the area of the brake device of the stand);

- Fig. 37 shows an example of illustrative placement of universal shell-type noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, made in the form of various structural and technological versions of technical devices, presented in the form of volumetric sound-absorbing elements having a geometric shape of a truncated pyramid, mounted by appropriate mechanical fasteners or the corresponding type of surface sticky adhesive on the inner surfaces of the walls of the room, in which is a space of autonomous power (e.g., the type of diesel-generator set);

- Fig. 38 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) for fixing in a vertical position the universal shell noise-absorbing modules of the briquette type on a horizontal surface (for example, the ceiling of a production room) by using the corresponding mechanical locks in the form of two elastically deformable links ( a) one elastic-deformable and one rigid non-deformable links (b), two rigid non-deformable links of the “hook-hole” type (c);

- Fig. 39 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) for horizontal mounting of the universal shell noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type by using the appropriate type of adhesive mounting layer in the form of localized clusters (formations) of sticky adhesive (a), adhesive mounting a layer in the form of a sticky adhesive substance evenly distributed over the surface (b), a mechanical threaded connection “stud-nut” (c).

- Fig. 40 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) for horizontal mounting of universal shell-shaped noise-absorbing modules of the briquetted type by using appropriate suspension units mounted on a horizontal surface (for example, the ceiling of a production room) made in the form type of remote mechanical fasteners (a), in the form of suspended cable elements connected to an external supporting soundproof shell (b), in the form e hanging cable elements connected to the embedded reinforcing element of the universal sound-absorbing module of volumetric type (c);

- Fig. 41 shows examples of possible structural options (a, b, c) for vertical mounting of universal shell-shaped noise-attenuating modules of the briquetted type by using the corresponding type of mounting spikes passing through the structure of the solid support base (a), the mounting frame holding the universal shell sound-absorbing module in the upper and lower part (b), mounting elastic (vibration-isolating) elements integrated into the structure of an external thin-walled sound-transparent locks (c);

- Fig. 42 shows examples of possible structural options for fastening in the vertical (a) and horizontal (b) positions of the universal shell sound-absorbing modules of the briquetted type by using the corresponding type of mounting profiles fixed to the mounting surface by means of mechanical fasteners;

- Fig. 43 shows examples of possible structural options for grouping universal shell-shaped noise-absorbing modules of briquetted or container types into batteries by means of a groove-ridge joint formed by alternately interfacing the modules containing grooves and ridges in their structure;

- Fig.44 shows the experimental results of determining the indicator "equivalent sound absorption area" of prototype models of shell sound-absorbing modules, mating their back surface with the floor surface of the reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha":

structural composition A contains a porous sound-absorbing substance in the form of a monolithic flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 1000 × 1200 mm (1.2 m ² ) 50 mm thick, filling the cavity of a closed molded separate container formed by an external soundproof sheath made of 2 thin-walled polymeric material , 5 mm, perforated through holes with k _per = 0.2;

structural composition B contains a porous sound-absorbing substance formed by fragmented crushing of a flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 1000 × 1200 mm (1.2 m) 50 mm thick, with the formation of fragments of 0.0025 m ² × 960 pieces filling the cavity of a closed molded container an external translucent shell made of thin-walled polymer material with a thickness of 2.5 mm, perforated through holes with k _per = 0.2;

- on Fig presents the results of determining the indicator "equivalent sound absorption area" of noise absorbing modules, mating its back surface with the floor surface of the reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha".

structural composition A contains a porous sound-absorbing substance in the form of a monolithic flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 1000 × 1200 mm (1.2 m ² ) 50 mm thick, filling the cavity of a closed molded separate container formed by an external soundproof sheath made of 0.012 aluminized polyester film mm, not conjugated by any adhesive bonds with the contacting surfaces of a porous sound-absorbing substance (monolithic plane-sheet sample);

structural composition B (curve 1) contains a porous sound-absorbing substance formed by fragmented crushing of a flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 1000 × 1200 mm (1.2 m ² ) with a thickness of 50 mm, with the formation of fragments of 0.0025 m ² × 960 pieces, filling the cavity of a closed molded separate container of an external translucent shell made of aluminized polyester film with a thickness of 0.012 mm, not mated by any adhesive bonds with contacting parts (faces, ribs ) isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements;

structural composition B (curve 2) contains a porous sound-absorbing substance formed by fragmented crushing of a flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 1000 × 1200 mm (1.2 m ² ) with a thickness of 50 mm, with the formation of fragments of 0.0025 m ² × 960 pieces, filling the cavity of a closed molded separate container of an external translucent shell made of an aluminized polyester film with a thickness of 0.012 mm, mated by adhesive bonds with the contacting parts (faces, ribs) of the separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements;

- Fig. 46 shows the experimental results of determining the "equivalent sound absorption area" indicator of prototype shell-sound-absorbing modules, the back surface of which is 30 mm away from the floor surface of the Cab Alpha reverberation chamber:

structural composition A contains a porous sound-absorbing substance in the form of a monolithic flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 500 × 1600 mm (0.8 m ² ) 50 mm thick, filling the cavity of a closed molded separate container of an external translucent shell made of aluminized polyester film with a thickness of 0.012 mm, not conjugated by any adhesive bonds with the contacting surfaces of the porous sound-absorbing substance;

structural composition B contains a porous sound-absorbing substance formed by fragmented crushing of a flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 500 × 1600 mm (0.8 m) and a thickness of 50 mm, with the formation of fragments of 0.0025 m ² × 320 pieces filling the cavity of a closed molded separate the capacity of the external sound-transparent shell made of aluminized polyester film with a thickness of 0.012 mm, not matched by any adhesive bonds with the contacting parts (faces, ribs) is isolated s crushed fragmented sound absorptive elements;

- Fig.47 shows the experimental results of determining the indicator "equivalent sound absorption area" of prototype models of shell sound-absorbing modules, mating its end surface with the floor surface of the reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha":

structural composition A contains a porous sound-absorbing substance in the form of a monolithic flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 500 × 1600 mm (0.8 m) 50 mm thick, filling the cavity of a closed molded separate container of an external translucent shell made of aluminized polyester film with a thickness of 0.012 mm, not mated by any adhesive bonds with the contacting surfaces of the porous sound-absorbing substance;

structural composition B contains a porous sound-absorbing substance formed by fragmented crushing of a flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of 500 × 1600 mm (0.8 m ² ) with a thickness of 50 mm, with the formation of fragments of 0.0025 m ² × 320 pieces filling the cavity of a closed molded shell capacity of an external translucent shell made of aluminized polyester film with a thickness of 0.012 mm, not mated by any adhesive bonds with contacting parts (faces, ribs) crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements.

The following notation is introduced in the figures shown:

1 - isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements;

2 - an external translucent shell (wall thickness not more than 3 mm) made of a continuous single-layer structure of an elastic air-blown polymer film or metal foil, or an air-blown porous layer of fabric (non-woven fabric), a perforated (micro-perforated) elastic polymer film or metal foil or perforated layer 0.2 ... 2.0 mm thick of a metal or polymer material, or from a multilayer structure of their combined combinations, including reinforcing mesh or erased reaping structure;

3 - connecting seam of the supporting soundproof shell (wall thickness not more than 3 mm);

4 - mounting holes;

5 - non-planar molded base (container) of a universal shell sound-absorbing module made of a continuous air-blown sound-reflecting material;

6 - non-planar molded base (container) of a universal shell sound-absorbing module made of perforated air-blown sound-reflecting material;

7 - a flat support base made of a continuous air-tight sound-reflecting material;

8 - universal envelope noise-absorbing module of the packaged type;

9 - universal shell sound-absorbing module of the briquetted type;

10 - universal shell sound-absorbing module of the container type;

11 - elevator shaft;

12 - engine compartment;

13 - elevator car;

14 - doors of the elevator car;

15 - cab suspension cables;

16 - counterweight of the elevator car;

17 - guides of the counterweight;

18 - guide elevator car;

19 - chipper;

20 - an electric motor equipped with a control system;

21 - floor of a residential, office or industrial premises;

22 - walls of a residential, office or industrial premises;

23 - ceiling of a residential, office or industrial premises;

24 - cable element for fixing the universal shell sound-absorbing modules of the briquetted type, represented by horizontal suspended ceiling panels placed with an air gap at a given distance from the ceiling surface;

25 - silencer aerodynamic noise ventilation system;

26 - viewing windows;

27 - casing of a V-belt drive;

28 - door for loading and unloading;

29 - tumbling drums;

30 - a casing of an electric motor and a mechanical gearbox;

31 - case elements of industrial tumbling installation;

32 - high voltage inputs of an industrial power transformer;

33 - taps from the high voltage winding of an industrial power transformer;

34 - high voltage winding of an industrial power transformer;

35 - housing industrial power transformer;

36 - core industrial power transformer;

37 - frame elements of an industrial power transformer;

38 - reference profiles of an industrial power transformer;

39 - conclusions of an industrial power transformer;

40 - drive units of an industrial core mill;

41 - loading device (feeder) of an industrial core mill;

42 - drum industrial core mill with grinding elements;

43 - unloading device of an industrial core mill;

44 - wall of the noise insulating casing of a noise-active technical system made of a dense airtight soundproofing material;

45 - drive shaft of a mechanical gearbox;

46 - a worm shaft of a mechanical reducer;

47 - ball bearing of a mechanical gearbox;

48 - tapered bearing of a mechanical gearbox;

49 - a worm wheel of a mechanical reducer;

50 - housing mechanical gear;

51 - receiving hopper of an industrial crusher;

52 - frame loading part of an industrial crusher;

53 - drive motor of an industrial crusher;

54 - flywheel industrial crusher;

55 - input drum of an industrial crusher;

56 - fine grinding drums of an industrial crusher;

57 - pulley industrial crusher;

58 - discharge chamber of an industrial crusher;

59 - mounting frame industrial crusher;

60 - tailstock of a screw-cutting lathe;

61 - bed of a screw-cutting lathe;

62 - front headstock of a screw-cutting lathe;

63 - spindle of a screw-cutting lathe;

64 - tool holder of a screw-cutting lathe;

65 - feed box of a screw-cutting machine;

66 - a centrifugal pump wheel;

67 - drive shaft of a centrifugal pump;

68 - centrifugal pump housing with internal channels;

69 - bearing units of a centrifugal pump;

70 - a centrifugal pump pulley;

71 - bed of a centrifugal pump;

72 - suction duct of the compressor station;

73 - moisture separator of the compressor station;

74 - air intake of the compressor station;

75 - drive electric motor of the compressor station;

76 - bearing base of the compressor station;

77 - outlet duct of the compressor station;

78 - case shell semi-anechoic acoustic chamber;

79 - vibration-isolating floor springs of a semi-anechoic acoustic chamber;

80 - vibration-isolated foundation of the drive (brake) dynamometer stand;

81 - floor semi-anechoic acoustic chamber;

82 - running drums of the drive (brake) dynamometer stand;

83 - forced exhaust system of the internal combustion engine of the investigated wheeled vehicle;

84 - test vehicle;

85 - measuring and analyzing equipment;

86 - case shell anechoic acoustic chamber;

87 - balancing asynchronous machine drive (brake) dynamometer stand;

88 - vibration isolation springs of the foundation of an anechoic acoustic chamber;

89 - soundproof metal grill floor anechoic acoustic chamber;

90 - floor anechoic acoustic chamber;

91 - vibration-isolated foundation of a balancing asynchronous machine;

92 - belt drive drive dynamometer;

93 - housing bearing unit drive dynamometer stand;

94 - the investigated object is an internal combustion engine;

95 - elements of a system of vibration-isolated mounting of an internal combustion engine on a stand;

96 - mounting (horizontal, vertical, inclined) surface of the wall of the mounting of the universal shell sound-absorbing module;

97 - castle mechanical joints;

98 - adhesive intermittent coating, presented in the form of localized surface distributions of a sticky adhesive or thermoactive adhesive substance;

99 - adhesive surface coating, presented in the form of a continuous continuously distributed sticky adhesive or thermoactive adhesive substance;

100 - mechanical threaded connection “stud - nut";

101 - remote mechanical fasteners;

102 - suspended cable elements;

103 - embedded reinforcing element of the rod type;

104 - mounting spikes;

105 - mounting frames;

106 - mounting elastic elements;

107 - shock absorbers (vibration isolators) of an autonomous power station;

108 - exhaust pipe of an autonomous power station;

109 - intake duct of an internal combustion engine as part of an autonomous power station;

110 - device for holding the investigated vehicle on the rotating drums of the drive (brake) dynamometer stand;

111 - sound-reflecting floor of a small reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha";

112 - stands for a given remote placement of a universal shell sound-absorbing module relative to the floor surface of a small reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha";

113 - flanging (flange) surfaces of the molded base (container);

114 - closed molded segregated capacity of the universal shell sound-absorbing module of the packaged type;

115 - closed molded separate containers of the noise-absorbing shell of the briquetted type;

116 - closed molded separate containers of the universal shell sound-absorbing module of the container type;

117 - mesh reinforcing elements;

118 - reinforcing elements of plate-perforated type;

119 - flexible air-blown polymer film (solid or microperforated version) up to 0.25 mm thick;

120 - metal foil 2 ... 100 microns thick (solid or microperforated version);

121 - fibrous fabric material;

122 - fibrous non-woven fabric;

123 - perforated layer with a thickness of 0.2 ... 2.0 mm of a metal or polymer material;

124 - groove-ridge joint of sound-absorbing modules;

125 - mounting profile.

The inventive universal shell sound-absorbing module 8, 9, 10 is designed to reduce noise of various types of noise-related technical objects - vehicles, industrial and technological equipment, sanitary equipment, power plants, ventilation and air conditioning systems, electrical machines, household appliances whose noise levels governed by the relevant regulatory standards and technical conditions (technical requirements) of their production and operation, and t Also to ensure the required acoustic comfort in the premises of residential, industrial and public buildings. The universal sound-absorbing shell module of the technological and technological versions of type 8, 9 or 10 comprises an external sound-transparent shell 2 made of a continuous layer of elastic air-blown polymer film 119 or a layer of air-blown fibrous non-woven fabric 122 or fabric material 121, or of perforated through holes dense air-blown porous layer of polymer or metal material 123, estimated by the corresponding coefficient ienta perforation:

where S _lane is the total projection area of the microperforation holes on the plane of the front surface of the external thin-walled soundproof shell 2, m ² , S _pr is the face projection area of the external thin-walled soundproof shell, m

2 cavities of closed molded segregated containers 114, 115, 116 formed by external thin-walled soundproof shells are filled with porous sound-absorbing material represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 made of identical or different types of structures and grades of sound-absorbing materials characterized by identical or different physical characteristics, characterized by identical or different physical characteristics chemical composition, porosity, quantity and combination we use x types of structures of porous layers in the composition of single and / or their multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shapes and dimensions, made from recyclable waste represented in the form of parts dismantled from recyclable technical objects, mainly parts, that are technologically processed by crushing porous sound-absorbing structures noise-insulating packages of vehicles that have completed their life cycle and / or from technological waste and defective production of porous opogloschayuschih materials and parts of them, while the volume of each of the separate crushed sound absorbing elements 1 lies in the range V _f = 4,2 × (10 ^{-2 -9} ... 10) m ³ and the density of the molded filling cavities closed separate containers 114, 115 , 116 external supporting soundproof shells 2 is ρf = 10 ... 655 kg / m ³ .

The claimed range of values of the volumes V _f used separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, on the one hand (the lower limit value is equal to 4.2 × 10 ^-9 m ³ ), is limited mainly by the technological capabilities of manufacturing and their subsequent placement in closed cavities molded separate containers 114, 115, 116 to the outer sound-transparent shell 2. On the other hand (the upper limit value is equal to 4.2 × 10 ^-2 m ³ ), the values of the volumes V _{f of} isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing e of elements 1, as well as the density ρ _{f of} their packing of cavities of closed molded separate containers 114, 115, 116 of external sound-transparent shells 2, are limited by the need to achieve acceptable acoustic (sound-absorbing) efficiency, to a significant extent, determined by the implemented indicators of resistance to blowing by air flow, porosity, and dynamic compliance and the total area of free surface faces of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, is directly involved s during the absorption of acoustic energy flux radiated shumoaktivnym technical object.

The cavity of the external sound-transparent shell 2, formed by a closed molded separate tank 114, 115, 116, at least partially, but less than half the volume, can be filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, made according to typical technologies of their production from "new" produced prefabricated sheet acoustic materials subjected to the subsequent technological process of crushing them into fragments of given shapes and dimensions, in addition to already placed m in the cavity of the external soundproof shell 2, formed by a closed molded separate tank 114, 115, 116 separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 made of recyclable recycled acoustic materials. According to other structural and technological variants of execution, the cavity of the external soundproof shell 2, formed by a closed molded separate tank 114, 115, 116, partially, not more than 30% of its volume, can be additionally filled with separate crushed fragmented sound-reflecting elements 1 made of dense ( non-porous) non-porous materials (mainly polymeric).

To ensure fire safety requirements for the operation of the claimed technical device, flame retardants can be added to the structures of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1. Thus, individual substances or mixtures of substances that protect materials of organic origin from ignition and self-combustion can be used. In this case, flame retardants decompose with the formation of non-combustible and / or inhibit the decomposition of the material with the release of combustible gases. The flame retardants used can be applied in the form of solutions on the surface of crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 or they can impregnate their porous structure. As flame retardants, aluminum hydroxide, boron, antimony, chloride, organic and inorganic phosphorus compounds can be used.

The sound transparency properties of the external soundproof shell 2 of the universal shell sound-absorbing module of the structural engineering versions 8, 9 or 10 are characterized by the corresponding values of the resistance to blowing by the air flow (fabric or microperforated film layers), including reinforcing mesh, rod or plate-perforated structures, and / or low values specific surface weight determined by mass per 1 m ² surface (windproof airflow spl shnye film or foil layers). The value of the resistance to air-blasting of sound-transparent air-borne fabrics or air-blown non-woven fabrics (perforated polymer film or perforated foil metal layers) should preferably be within 20 ... 500 n · s / m ³ , with the thickness of the fibrous layer of fabric material, fibrous non-woven fabric, microperforated film polymer or microperforated foil metal layer - 0,025 ... 0,25 mm and their surface density of 20 ... 300 g / m ² . In this case, the perforated film polymer or foil metal layers are characterized by a perforation coefficient estimated by the following ratio:

where S _lane is the total projection area of the perforation holes on the plane of the front surface of the external thin-walled soundproof shell 2, m ² , S _pr is the face projection area of the external thin-walled soundproof shell, m ² .

The values of the surface density (specific surface mass) of continuous sound-transparent films not blown by the air stream should preferably be in the range of 20 ... 70 g / m ² , with a film thickness of 0.01 ... 0.1 mm. The external soundproof sheath 2 of film type 119 can be made of various materials — polyester aluminized, urethane, polyvinyl chloride, or a similar type of other polymeric materials suitable for these purposes. The air-blown outer translucent sheath 2, made using microperforated foil 120 material, provides for the use of mainly aluminum, copper, and brass as the structural material. An external thin-walled translucent sheath 2 made of a continuous layer of air-blown fabric 121 (non-woven fabric 122) can be made of material such as maliflise, filts, fiberglass, etc. The use of this type of material for the manufacture of external soundproof shells 2 as a part of universal shell soundproofing modules 8, 9 or 10 provides for a given packing density of cavities of closed separate capacities 114, 115, 116 of universal shell soundproofing modules 8, 9, 10 with separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 , the elimination of possible unwanted ingress and accumulation (absorption) in porous open-cell foam or fibrous structures crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 of various types of technological and / or operating fluids (moisture, fuel, cutting fluids), as well as small amorphous particles, insects during operation of a noise-related technical object.

The external translucent shell 2 can be made in the form of both single-layer and multilayer structures and presented, for example, in the form of at least one perforated layer of dense air-tight material 125 and lining its external (front) or internal (back) surface (relatively counterpropagating direct sound waves) or at least one continuous layer of air-blown film 119, micro-perforated film 119, micro-perforated foil 120, or air-blown fabric 121 or Woven 122 material. Moreover, in both structural and technological versions of the structures (single-layer and multi-layer), the total wall thickness of the external soundproof shell 2 does not exceed 3 mm.

The use of thin foil layers 120 as part of the external soundproof shell 2 can provide thermal insulation of the structures of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, when installing universal shell-sound-absorbing modules 8, 9 in high-temperature noisy areas of technical objects.

As a part of the universal shell sound-absorbing module 8, 9, 10, various types of sound-transparent adhesive compounds can be used, provided, for example, by the appropriate temperature heating and melting of the used polymer films placed on the reinforcing structure of the surface of the outer thin-walled sound-transparent shell 2 during the implementation of the manufacturing technological cycle. For structural and technological versions of the universal shell sound-absorbing module 8, 9, 10, when the polymer material of the external soundproof shell 2 is used, which does not provide the required adhesive bond by melting it (when its structure is heated), the corresponding adhesive joint can be provided by introducing additional sound-transparent (not having a significant negative, not more than 10%, decrease in the value of the sound absorption coefficient of sound energy) a certain type of adhesive adhesive layers (in the form of sticky adhesive or thermoactive hot-melt substances) made of superficially separated separate thin solid lines, or superficially spaced apart fine thin broken lines, or in the form of a thin continuous continuous surface layer of adhesive substance perforated through holes or in the form of a translucent adhesive adhesive layer with low specific surface weight (less than 100 g / m ^2), or in the form of sound transmission thermoactive layer adhesion nnogo substance with low specific surface weight (no more than 50 g / m ^2).

According to their structural and technological design with the specified mechanical properties and acoustic characteristics, weight and aesthetic indicators, the claimed design of a universal shell sound-absorbing module 8, 9 or 10 can be represented by three varieties: packaged, briquetted and container.

The packaged type universal shell-type sound-absorbing module is a frameless sound-absorbing device formed by an external soundproof sheath 2 made of a continuous elastic layer of an air-blown polymer film 119 or an air-blown microperforated elastic layer of a polymer film 119 (thin metal foil 120), a porous air-borne or non-woven fabric layer 121 material in the cavity of a closed molded segregated container 116 which, chaotic about azom distributed separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1. In order to impart rigidity predetermined shaping properties, structural composition of the outer shell sound transmission may include various types of reinforcing members (117 mesh, a rod 103, the perforated plate-type 118).

The universal briquette type 9 noise-absorbing shell module is a technical device containing a sound-absorbing structure of a given geometric shape and overall dimensions, formed by an external sound-transparent shell 2, made in the form of a layered structure, consisting of a perforated layer of a polymeric or metal material or their combined combinations, lined with a solid air-tight a layer of elastic air-blown polymer film 119 or air-blown about a porous layer of fabric 121 or non-woven 122 material, a microperforated layer of a polymer film 119 or a microperforated metal foil 120. These composite structural layers of the external soundproof shell 2 form closed molded separate containers 114, in the cavities of which are separated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 that may be located both in a loose form not bonded to each other, and with the formation of fixed adhesive adhesions between themselves and with the back sound transmission overhnostyu outer shell 2, separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, with a corresponding shaping a monolithic preform (predetermined geometrical shape and dimensions).

The universal container-type noise-absorbing module 10 is a technical device containing a sound-absorbing structure of a given geometric shape and overall dimensions in the form of a carrying container 115, the walls of which are made of dense air-blown sound-reflecting (sound-proof) material, in which it is freely laid or motionlessly packed, using corresponding mating adhesive bonds separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, lined on the front side (from the side of the direct sound waves) of the wall of the container carrier with an external sound-transparent shell 2 made in the form of a continuous layer of an air-blown polymer film 119 or a metal foil 120 or a (air-blown) perforated layer of a polymer film 119 or a metal foil 120 , or an air-blown non-woven material, and thus may include, including several, at least two, the above different types of solid, perforated (m kroperforirovannyh), grid or core layers of sound transmission (structures) materials.

In order to impart a predetermined spatial configuration (geometric shape) to the universal noise-absorbing module 8, 9 or 10, into the formed cavity of a closed molded separate container 114, 115, 116 formed by an external thin-walled sound-transparent shell 2, together with the separated fragmented fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, an embedded reinforcing element 103 may be additionally introduced, which may be made of appropriate types of polymeric materials such as polyamide, polyprop lena, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or similar target application type construction material, and presented in the form of cast, glued, welded or soldered spatial rod (wire) structures.

The contours of the outer translucent shell 2 of various structural and technological versions are given a given shape of geometric figures, which mainly can have the geometric shape of the correct geometric figures of volumetric elements in the form of a truncated pyramid, prism, sphere, segment of a sphere, cone, truncated cone, parallelepiped, cube. The total thickness of the multilayer versions of the outer translucent shell 2 should not exceed 3 mm.

To ensure a given noise-reducing effect (regulated) by the technical task for designing a universal shell sound-absorbing module 8, 9, 10, implemented on a specific technical object, on which it is necessary to provide a noise-reducing effect, the cavities of individual closed molded separate containers 114, 115, 116 of noise-absorbing modules 8, 9, 10 formed by the external soundproof shells 2 of the universal sound-absorbing modules 8, 9, 10, can be selectively filled with corresponding discriminating I crushed fragmented distinct sound-absorbing elements 1, differing types of structures, dimensions and geometric shapes, with different physical, mechanical and operational characteristics.

Universal shell sound-absorbing modules 8, 9 or 10 can either be freely placed (without the introduction of special devices for their fixed fastening) in a given noisy spatial zone of a technical object, or placed in it using additional mechanical fasteners or an appropriate adhesive mounting layer (adhesive adhesive, thermoactive).

The external sound-transparent shell 2 can be made in the form of either single-capacitance or multi-capacitance cavities with the implementation of appropriate technological methods of a temperature or adhesive connection, for example, a continuous layer of an air-blown polymer film or an air-blown non-woven (fabric) material, with the corresponding formation of transverse and / or longitudinal connecting seams 3 containing mounting holes 4. Moreover, in a multi-chamber structural and technological design, it is universally sound insulation module 8, 9, 10 in each of the closed molded segregated containers 114, 115, 116 of the external soundproof shell 2 can be placed a separate type of corresponding separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, or in each of the cavities of the closed molded segregated containers 114, 115 , 116 of the external soundproof shell 2 can be placed of an identical type, separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, or in each of the cavities of the chambers of the soundproofing ary shell 2 or 6 may be arranged slightly different types of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, ordered or randomly distributed along their volume of said closed cavities molded separate tanks 114, 115, 116.

The external translucent shell 2 can be mounted on the surface of a flat supporting base 7, or a molded non-planar base 5 having, respectively, the geometric shape of a flat plate or non-planar (complex spatial shape) whole-molded element forming a supporting container made of a solid dense, sound-reflecting, air-resistant material.

In order to ensure acceptable convenience and speed of mounting universal shell sound-absorbing modules 8, 9 or 10 on the surfaces of floor 21, walls 22 or ceiling 23 of domestic, administrative or industrial premises, walls of cabinet-type noise-generating elements of machines and mechanisms 30, 35 of various types of technical objects or walls their soundproof casing 44, in the structure of their external soundproof shells 2 can be integrated a variety of mechanical fasteners 97, 100, 101, 102, 104, 105, 106, or directly on and the wall surface of the outer translucent sheath 2, or on the mounting surface of the flat support base 7 or the molded non-planar base 5, may contain a mounting adhesive coating such as a thin layer, evenly distributed adhesive adhesive 99 or in the form of intermittent (grouped) localized distributions of adhesive adhesive 99 or thermoactive adhesive substance 98, protected until installation by release paper or film (dismantled during installation operations).

Based on the requirements of technical conditions (acoustic, technological, operational characteristics) and cost indicators, individual shell sound-absorbing modules 8, 9 or 10 can be blocked in battery-protective screen and / or lining sound-absorbing coatings of structures of noise-active objects.

During the operation of various noise-active objects, the corresponding generation of sound energy is carried out, due to the implementation of dynamic working (mechanical, gas-dynamic) processes in functioning units, assemblies and systems, which is emitted directly into the surrounding space (closed room or open space) and / or transmitted by various intermediate airways through available sound-transmitting channels (windows, doors, hatches, openings, communication, technologically e and structural elements) in conjugate spaces (enclosed spaces and open spaces). In this case, the generated sound radiation (generated sound fields) negatively affects the well-being and health of the operators (workers) directly involved in the implementation of the technological process, as well as the surrounding subjects located in these rooms and / or in open spaces (people, animals). When using the claimed technical solution as a part of various types of noise-related technical objects (directly noise-generating and / or noisy spaces by other extraneous sources of noise), in the process of propagation of sound waves and their incidence onto the opposing surfaces of the external soundproof sheath 2 of the universal sound-absorbing module 8, 9, 10, they pass (spread) through its thin-walled, translucent structure and fall on the opposite surfaces of separate crushed fragments ovannyh sound-absorbing elements 1. In the process of playing (distribution) of the sound waves through the porous, fibrous and / or porous open cell foam structures separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 made of sound energy absorption process with its irreversible transformation (dispersion) into thermal energy. In this case, the process of attenuation of the amplitudes of sound pressures is realized both due to the corresponding conversion of sound energy into work to overcome the dynamic deformations of the porous skeleton, and the friction spent on the dissipative process during the propagation of sound waves through communicating labyrinth channels (cells) of the porous structure of the sound-absorbing substance, as well as in the surface interfragment zones of air cavities formed between individual (loosely contacting) faces (ribs) of separate fractions GOVERNMENTAL fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, with a finite effective irreversible transformation (dispersion) of the sound energy into heat energy. When using a porous sound-absorbing substance of a universal shell sound-absorbing module of structural and technological versions 8, 9, 10 in the form of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, relative, for example, to a comparable version, which is identical in weight (volume), to use a continuous monolithic layer of sound-absorbing substance in the sound absorption process of energy, numerous surfaces of porous end zones formed by numerous families are additionally included s exposed surfaces of the contact zones (faces, edges) separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 (increasing the total surface area of the sound absorption), formed by a communicating therebetween mezhgranevymi air channels and cavities therebetween. In addition, the diffraction edge mechanism of energy dispersal of sound waves is also implemented, which occurs during the propagation of sound waves on the edge (edge) zones of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1. Ultimately, the implementation of several effective mechanisms of energy dissipation noted above, most of the sound energy is converted (irreversibly dissipated) into thermal energy. Thus, this allows to achieve higher efficiency of the proposed technical solution (compared with the known typical designs described in the analogues and prototype) in terms of reducing the level of sound radiation produced by various noise-active technical objects in enclosed spaces of industrial, residential, public buildings, and / or in open spaces, when implementing lower cost indicators spent on their implementation, with reduced harmful e logical impact on the environment through the use of utilized porous substances as feedstock in the manufacture of the individual components of the claimed technical solution (moreover, this type of porous sound-absorbing substance is conveniently used repeatedly).

The acoustic efficiency of the proposed technical solution was confirmed by the results of experimental studies (see Fig.37 ... 40), which were performed using the reverberation method using the small-sized reverberation chamber "Cabin Alpha". An experimental method for determining the sound-absorbing properties of materials and structures using the reverberation chamber “Cabin Alpha” can be found, for example, in a scientific publication [5].

[5] Fesina M.I., Krasnov A.V., Gorina L.N., Pankov L.A. Car acoustic materials. Design and research of low noise vehicle designs. The monograph is in two parts. - Tolyatti: TSU. - 2010. - Part 1 - 304 s., Part 2 - 352 s.

On Fig presents the results of determining the indicator "equivalent sound absorption area" of prototypes of shell-type noise-absorbing modules of briquetted type 9, containing a closed molded separate container 114 formed by an external sound-transparent shell made of a thin-walled polymer material 119 with a thickness of 2.5 mm, perforated through holes k _per = 0.2, the cavity of which is filled with a porous sound-absorbing substance of two variants of C1 structural compositions (A and B). In accordance with the used structural composition A, the porous sound-absorbing substance is represented by one monolithic flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam with overall dimensions of the sheet 1000 × 1200 mm, sheet thickness 50 mm. The structural composition of option B is represented by 960 separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1, each of which has a front surface area of 0.0025 m ² (excluding the area of the end surfaces). These isolated crushed sound-absorbing fragments 1 were obtained by appropriate crushing of a comparable flat-sheet open-cell polyurethane foam sample with overall dimensions of 1000 × 1200 mm and a sheet thickness of 50 mm. The above results indicate that the crushing of a monolithic flat-sheeted sample of open-cell polyurethane foam into these isolated fragments allows increasing the values of the equivalent sound absorption area of the studied porous sound-absorbing substance by up to 0.56 m in the entire controlled broadband range of sound frequencies 400 ... 10000 Hz.

On Fig, 39, 40 presents the results of determining the indicator "equivalent sound absorption area" of prototype shell-type noise-absorbing modules of packaged type 8, containing a closed molded separate container 116 formed by an external soundproof sheath 2 made of aluminized polyester film 119 with a thickness of 0.012 mm, not mated by any adhesive bonds with contacting surfaces (faces, ribs) of a porous sound-absorbing substance of structural compositions A and B (curve 1), and with conjugated by adhesive bonds with contacting parts (faces, ribs) of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 of sound-absorbing substance of structural composition B (curve 2). The above results indicate that the crushing of a monolithic flat-sheet sample of open-cell polyurethane foam into separate crushed fragmented elements 1 allows us to increase the values of the equivalent sound absorption area by up to 0.62 m in the entire controlled broadband range of sound frequencies 400 ... 10000 Hz. An additional procedure for adhesion of the surface of the external soundproof shell 2 to the faces and edges of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements 1 (see Fig. 36) reduces the equivalent sound absorption area by 0.05 ... 0.2 m ² in the high-frequency range of 1250 ... 10000 Hz and to increase it to 0.12 m ² in the mid-frequency range 400 ... 800 Hz.

Of course, the claimed invention is not limited to the specific constructive examples of its implementation presented in the application materials, described in the text and shown in the accompanying figures in the graphic part of the application. Some minor changes in the various elements or materials of which these elements are made, or replacing them with technically equivalent ones that do not go beyond the scope of the claims indicated by the claims, remain possible.

Claims (33)

1. A universal shell sound-absorbing module containing an external soundproof shell of a single or multilayer design made of a metal or polymer material or of a combined layered structure of dissimilar structural materials, forming a closed molded separate container, in the inner cavity of which is placed a porous sound-absorbing substance represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of identical or different distinct types of structures and grades of sound-absorbing materials characterized by identical or different physical characteristics, chemical composition, porosity, quantity and combination of used types of structures of porous layers in the composition of single and / or their multilayer combinations, identical or different geometric shapes and overall dimensions, made from recyclable waste, presented in the form of technologically processed by the method of crushing porous sound-absorbing structures of parts dismantled from ut of lysed technical objects, mainly parts of noise-insulating packages of vehicles that have completed their life cycle, and / or from technological waste and rejects from the production of porous sound-absorbing materials and parts from them, characterized in that the shape of the external soundproof shell is represented mainly by regular geometric figures of volume cavity elements, the wall thickness of the outer translucent shell does not exceed 3 mm, its structural structural material, mainly a continuous air-blown layer of elastic polymer film or metal foil, or an air-blown perforated layer of a flexible polymer film or metal foil, or an air-blown fibrous layer of a nonwoven fabric or fabric material, or a perforated layer with a thickness of 0.2 ... 2.0 mm of a metal or polymer material, or their multilayer combined combinations, while the volume of each of the separate crushed sound-absorbing elements is mainly in the range of V _f = 4.2 × (10 ^-9 ... 10 ^-2 ) m ³ and the filling density of the cavity of the closed molded separate container is ρ _f = 10 ... 655 kg / m ³ . 2. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the air-blown perforated layer of the external sound-transparent shell of an elastic polymer film or metal foil is characterized by a perforation coefficient

where S _lane is the total projection area of the perforation holes on the plane of the front surface of the external soundproof shell, m ² , S _CR is the face projection area of the external soundproof shell, m ² . 3. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the continuous air-blown layer of the outer sound-transparent shell of an elastic polymer film is 0.010 ... 0.1 mm, and its specific surface weight is 20 ... 70 g / m ² . 4. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the continuous air-blown layer of the external sound-transparent shell made of metal foil is 0.05 ... 0.3 mm, and its specific surface weight does not exceed 0.8 kg / m ² . 5. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the thickness of the porous air-blown fibrous layer of the external soundproof sheath of a non-woven fabric or fabric material is 0.025 ... 0.25 mm, the specific surface weight is 20 ... 300 g / m ² , and specific resistance to blowing it with an air stream of 20 ... 50 N · s · m ^-3 . 6. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that its components - an external sound-transparent shell and separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are fastened together with each other in a monolithic structural module of the briquetted type using appropriate sound-transparent adhesive joints. 7. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 6, characterized in that the used sound-transparent adhesive joints of the components of the universal shell-sound-absorbing module are represented by sets of spaced continuous thin lines of sticky adhesive. 8. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 7, characterized in that the plurality of spaced thin lines of the sticky adhesive substance are presented in the form of broken lines. 9. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 6, characterized in that the used sound-transparent adhesive joints of the components of the universal shell-sound-absorbing module are represented by hot-melt perforated film or fibrous fabric layers of thermoactive adhesives. 10. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 6, characterized in that the used sound-transparent adhesive joints of the components of the universal shell sound-absorbing module are represented by a continuous sticky adhesive layer characterized by specific surface weight: ≤100 g / m ² . 11. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 6, characterized in that the used sound-transparent adhesive joints of the components of the universal shell-sound-absorbing module are represented by a continuous layer of thermo-active heat-fusible substance characterized by a specific surface weight of ≤50 g / m ² . 12. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the porous sound-absorbing substance, represented by separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, consists of dosed mixtures of crushed utilizable porous structures of materials and made from "new" prefabricated sheets of porous structures of materials. 13. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the composition of the porous sound-absorbing substance, consisting of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of porous air-blown material structures, is additionally introduced a certain number of isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements made of dense non-porous air-blown materials, occupying no more than 30% of the volume of the cavity of the closed molded isolated capacity formed by an external thin-walled translucent shell. 14. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the external sound-transparent shell made of one continuous air-blown layer of elastic polymer film or metal foil, or of one perforated air-blown layer of elastic polymer film, or one perforated air-blown layer of metal foil, represents an element of a packaged type, formed in the form of a corresponding frameless closed molded separate tank and (several containers) containing welds and mounting holes in the weld (welds) formed by a flange connector of the outline of the outer translucent sheath. 15. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the external sound-transparent shell is made of a perforated layer of a polymer or metal material or their multilayer combinations, lined with a continuous airproof layer of elastic polymer film or metal foil, or a fibrous breathable layer of non-woven fabric or fabric material, forms a sound-absorbing module of the briquetted type in the form of a corresponding closed molded separate container and (multiple containers) in which to form adhesive fillets fixed between themselves and with the sound transmission counter surface of the outer shell suitably packaged separate crushed fragmented sound absorbing elements, with shaping a monolithic preform. 16. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the peripheral contour part of the wall of the external sound-transparent shell made of a continuous air-blown layer of an elastic polymer film or a perforated layer of a metal foil, or an air-blown perforated layer of an elastic polymer film or metal foil, or air-blown a porous fibrous layer of a nonwoven fabric or fabric material, or from a variety of multilayer combinations indicated types of layers of materials, mates with the flanging peripheral part of the wall of a non-planar molded base (container) made of a dense air-blown sound-reflecting (sound-insulating) polymer or metal material or their multilayer combinations, forming a shell-type sound-absorbing module of a container type, the cavity of a closed molded container of which is filled with isolated crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements, while part of the wall of the external soundproof a shell made of a continuous air-blown layer of an elastic polymer film or an air-blown layer of an elastic polymer film or an air-blown perforated layer of a flexible polymer film or an air-blown perforated layer of a metal foil or an air-blown fibrous layer of a non-woven fabric or fabric material or a variety of sound translucent multilayer said multilayer materials in the opposite direction ryamyh sound waves, and the formed non-planar base (container) forming the rear side of the noise absorbing module universal shell is made of a reflecting solid vozduhoneproduvaemogo (soundproof) polymer or a metallic material or multilayer combinations. 17. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that inside the cavity of a closed molded separate container formed by a soundproof sheath, a embedded reinforcing element made of appropriate types of polymeric materials such as polyamide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride or a similar type of intended use is mounted structural material, presented in the form of cast, glued, welded or brazed spatial rod (wire) structural elements. 18. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the external contour of the external soundproof shell of various structural and technological versions of the briquetted or container types is given a geometric shape in the form of truncated geometric shapes of a pyramid, prism, sphere, segment of a sphere, cone, parallelepiped, Cuba. 19. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that its external sound-transparent shell is made of multi-chamber, containing at least two closed molded separate containers. 20. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities of the closed molded separate containers of multi-chamber design of the external soundproof shell are filled with an identical type of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements. 21. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the cavities of closed molded separate containers of multi-chamber design of the external sound-transparent shell are filled with various different types (structural composition, weight and dimensions), separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements. 22. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the external sound-transparent shell is mounted on the surface of a flat support base made of a solid dense sound-reflecting (sound-insulating) air-borne structural material (polymer, metal, wood, multilayer composition of several dissimilar materials) . 23. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the external sound-transparent shell is mounted on a non-planar molded base made of a continuous air-blown sound-reflecting (sound-proof) structural material (polymer, metal, wooden, multilayer composition of several dissimilar materials). 24. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that mechanical fasteners such as lock joints, remote fasteners, profiles, suspension cable elements, mounting spikes, mounting frames, mounting elastic elements are integrated into the structure of the external soundproof sheath. 25. The universal noise-absorbing shell module according to claim 1, characterized in that on the wall surface of the supporting sound-transparent shell contains an adhesive adhesive coating made in the form of a continuous layer of adhesive adhesive or thermoactive adhesive substance uniformly distributed over the surface or in the form of their isolated localized surface distributions walls of the bearing translucent shell. 26. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to clause 16, characterized in that the structural composition of the external sound-transparent shell of the multilayer execution additionally includes a reinforcing forming perforated layer of a polymer or metal material, the wall perforation coefficient of which satisfies

where S _lane is the total projection area of the perforation holes on the plane of the front surface of the external soundproof shell, m ² , S _CR is the face projection area of the external soundproof shell, m ² . 27. The universal noise-absorbing shell module according to claim 26, characterized in that the reinforcing shaping perforated soundproof layer of the polymer or metallic material of the outer soundproof shell is additionally lined with a layer of breathable material of an elastic polymer film or metal foil, or a perforated breathable layer of material of an elastic polymer film or perforated metal foil, or perforated air-blown fibrous layer non-woven fabric or fabric material, or from a variety of multilayer combinations of these lining layers of materials mating on one or both sides of the wall surface of a reinforcing formative perforated layer of a polymeric or metallic material of an external translucent shell. 28. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the external sound-transparent shell does not contain adhesive bonds with the contacting parts (faces, ribs) of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements. 29. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 1, characterized in that the surface of the external sound-transparent shell contains adhesive bonds with contacting parts (faces, ribs) of separate crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements. 30. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to clause 16, characterized in that the crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements are arranged in order, in particular, layer by layer in the cavity of a closed molded separate container formed by a sound-transparent shell, each of whose composite layers includes a certain different structural composition and weight and dimensional parameters . 31. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to 14, characterized in that the external sound-transparent shell is made in the form of a droplet-shaped closed molded separate container, which is filled with the corresponding structural composition of crushed fragmented sound-absorbing elements. 32. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to claim 27, characterized in that the back side of the outer sound-transparent shell of the universal sound-absorbing module is located with a predetermined amount of air gap relative to the mounting (horizontal, vertical, inclined) surface of the noise-related technical object. 33. The universal shell sound-absorbing module according to Claim 15, wherein the technical device is a battery of several (at least two) identical or different structures of universal shell-sound-absorbing modules fastened together in a single unit.

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