RU2502790C1 - Method of production and composition of liquid fuel additive - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: chemistry.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to a method of producing a liquid fuel additive, which involves adding natural aluminosilicate to a residual oil product, adding water and mixing. The natural aluminosilicate used is mica, preferably ground vermiculite which is fired, followed by successive repeated holding in highly concentrated carboxylic acid solutions, preferably formic and acetic acid, a highly concentrated inorganic acid; after holding the mica in acids, the mica is filtered from the used acids; the residue of treated mica obtained after the last holding in acid is neutralised; the obtained mica is further mixed with finely ground olivinite, algae and a calcium-containing natural component, taken in the following amounts: olivinite 5-20 wt %, algae 10-20 wt %, calcium-containing component 5-15 wt % of the initial amount of vermiculite; the obtained composition of components is flooded with water, which is then evaporated to obtain a wet composite mixture; the latter is mixed with a residual oil product in form of kerosene in ratio of 1:5, held and then dispersed. The invention also relates to composition of an additive which contains natural aluminosilicate and a residual oil product.

EFFECT: reduced emission of toxic substances in exhaust gases, improved fuel combustion processes, reduced soot and smoke formation, fuel saving.

12 cl, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of energy and can be used in various industries, industries where the process of burning hydrocarbon fuels is applied, in particular to the field of additives for liquid fuels.

The issues of ensuring the protection of the natural environment in the past two decades have become one of the most important that humanity needs to solve.

Particular attention of the world community is paid to the problem of preventing air pollution. Its protection from the harmful effects of various factors is regulated by the Constitution of the Russian Federation (RF) and the Federal Law "On the Protection of Atmospheric Air" dated May 4, 1999 No. 96-F3.

The main role in air pollution by power plants, vehicles using the burning of liquid fuels is played by emissions of harmful substances, nitrogen oxides, sulfur, with exhaust gases (exhaust) of the main auxiliary engines.

In addition to these problems, there are such as the smokiness of the internal combustion engines, their pollution by soot, soot, a large friction of the internal combustion engine parts, which leads to their breakdown.

All these negative factors affect the high fuel costs and low fuel economy.

The objective of the invention is not only the provision of applicable environmental legislation in relation to emissions of oxides, nitrogen NO _x , sulfur, other harmful substances with exhaust gases from internal combustion engines of automobile, water transport, but also to improve the performance of internal combustion engines on liquid fuels. This will ensure not only environmentally efficient, uninterrupted operation of the internal combustion engine, but also significant fuel economy. This, in turn, which is very important for Russian shipowners, will make it possible to use old, but still out of date transport vessels for transport in the European Region and in the Baltic Sea.

In addition, these measures will improve the surrounding atmosphere of cities where a huge amount of vehicles operating on liquid petroleum fuel is used.

Currently, there are a large number of patented technical solutions aimed at solving this problem, which are very diverse. Many technical solutions boil down to one thing - this is to obtain fuel additives, the most diverse in composition and functionality.

Known metal-containing additive containing industrial metal powder, aluminum and magnesium, a solid oxidizing agent, and a method for its preparation, which consists in the joint mechanical activation by stirring and grinding in a ball mill in an inert medium (see RF patent No. 2444560 for the invention "Metal-containing additive for fuels , a method for its preparation and a method for its application. ”Priority date of July 1, 2010. IPC C10L 10/00; Patent holder - N.N.Semenov Institute of Chemical Physics RAS).

In this way, an additive is obtained that can significantly reduce the ignition delay and increase the rate of combustion of the fuel-air mixture, while not improving other indicators of fuel combustion.

Known methods for producing additives, consisting in the preparation of an aqueous suspension of limestone (milk of lime) (see ed. St. USSR No. 1097860 with a priority date of 07/19/1982 for the invention "Method of burning fuel", ed. St. USSR No. 1702093 with a priority date from 08/18/1989 on the invention "The method of operation of the furnace").

Known methods for producing simple, use cheap natural material. However, the used additives in the form of milk of lime are effective for sulfur-containing fuels, since calcium carbonate, active calcium oxide additives effectively bind sulfur in the fuel, converting it to sulfites and then to sulfates, which are then captured by the ash removal system.

They are ineffective for other hydrocarbon fuels, have little effect on the improvement of other indicators of fuel combustion.

A known preparation method and composition of the additive for desulfurization of sulfur-containing fuels by mixing in water components including metal hydroxide, bischofite, crushed cryolite, sodium chloride salt, CMC-NA (see RF patent RF No. 2451717 with priority date of January 11, 2011 for the invention The method of preparation and composition of the additive for desulfurization of sulfur-containing fuels ").

Obtained in a known manner, the additive, which contains artificial and natural minerals, effectively improves the combustion process of fuel oil, reduces the amount of toxic sulfur dioxide. However, it is limited to use for a certain type of fuel, namely for sulfur-containing fuels.

It is known to use aluminosilicates containing aluminum, silicon, magnesium, iron, titanium as a multifunctional additive for liquid fuel (see USSR Aut. St. No. 502926 for the invention "Multifunctional additive for liquid fuel" with a priority date of 05.27.1974).

The well-known aluminosilicate additive significantly reduces the emission of toxic combustion products into the atmosphere, reduces corrosion and the formation of ICE deposits. However, this additive does not improve other combustion performance.

The analysis of the information selected during the search revealed the closest technical solution to the method of producing an additive to liquid fuel by introducing clay powder into the residual oil product, water, followed by mixing the resulting suspension, with the addition of oil (see ed. St. USSR No. 649221 for the invention The method of obtaining additives to liquid fuel. "Priority date from 01/09/1978. IPC C10L 10/00. Prototype).

A known method of obtaining additives is simple. The additive obtained by this method effectively reduces corrosion and the formation of soot, reduces the toxicity of exhaust gases. But in view of the dense structure of the clay crystal lattice, the clay-based additive has not enough reactivity. This does not provide high efficiency exhaust gas cleaning. In addition, this same strong clay structure does not provide good dispersibility in suspension, thereby not ensuring the stability of the additive and, accordingly, fuel.

Thus, the known methods for producing fuel additives, the compositions of the obtained additives are characterized by insufficiently high efficiency of their operation due to the above disadvantages.

The claimed invention as a technical solution to the method of obtaining the composition of the additive to liquid fuel allows to achieve a new technical result - increasing the efficiency of the internal combustion engine, power plants using the combustion of liquid fuel, by reducing toxic harmful substances (sulfur, nitrogen oxides) in the exhaust fumes friction due to increased lubricity of plant components, improved fuel combustion processes (increased burning rate, reduced self-ignition delay), enshenie carbonization and smoke, fuel economy, performance and environmental reliability of the power plants, internal combustion engines.

The following set of essential features characterizes the essence proposed as an invention of a technical solution and contributes to the achievement of a new technical result.

A method of producing an additive to liquid fuel, comprising introducing natural aluminosilicate into the residual oil product, introducing water, mixing, characterized in that mica, mainly ground vermiculite, which is subjected to high-temperature firing, followed by multiple repeated exposure to strong carboxylic acid solutions, is used as natural aluminosilicate concentration, mainly formic and acetic, inorganic strong acids of strong concentration, after each exposure with people in acids filter mica from the acids used, the resulting residue of treated mica after the last exposure to acid is neutralized, finely ground olivinite, algae and a calcium-containing natural component are added to the obtained mica, which are taken in the following amount: olivinite 5-20 wt.%, algae 10-20 wt.%, calcium-containing component 5-15 wt.% of the initial amount of vermiculite, the resulting composition of the components washed down with water, which is then evaporated to obtain a wet composition with esi, the latter is mixed with a residual oil, which is used as kerosene, in the ratio of 1: 5 is maintained, then dispersed.

To achieve a technical result:

- after firing, vermiculite is additionally finely ground;

- as an inorganic strong acid, mainly nitric acid is used, mica is treated with acids at room temperature;

- initially the mica is aged in formic acid of a high concentration, at least 85 wt.%, after aging and, accordingly, filtration, the remainder of the mica is kept in a mixture of nitric acid with a concentration of at least 55 wt.%. and acetic acid with a concentration of not less than 78 wt.%, mainly glacial acetic acid, taken in equal proportions, after filtration, the remainder of the mica is finally kept in formic acid of a strong concentration, at least 85 wt.%, the exposure time is the time required to saturate vermiculite carboxylic acids;

- to neutralize the acidic environment, sodium hypochlorite is used predominantly;

- mineralized water is used as water, mainly seawater, which is taken in an amount necessary to cover the mixture of components;

- as a calcium-containing natural component use shells of rapana;

- as algae use red, brown, green algae, which are dried before grinding to a moisture content of at least 50%;

- the exposure time of the composite mixture in kerosene is the time required to dissolve large fractions of the components, after exposure to dispersion of the composite mixture is filtered;

- the obtained additive is used by adding to liquid fuel at a ratio of at least 100 ml of additive per 1000 kg of liquid fuel.

The composition of the additive prepared according to claims 1 to 9, containing natural aluminosilicate, residual oil product, characterized in that it further comprises:

finely ground olivinite in an amount of 5-20 wt.% of the initial amount of natural aluminosilicate, algae in an amount of 10-20 wt.%. from the initial amount of natural aluminosilicate, a calcium-containing component in an amount of 5-15 wt.% from the initial amount of natural aluminosilicate, which is used as a mica, mainly crushed vermiculite, kerosene is taken as the residual oil, in a ratio of 1: 5.

To achieve the result, rapana shells are used as a calcium-containing component.

So, the analysis of the revealed information about the current level of technology in the field of energy, where the process of burning liquid hydrocarbon fuels is used, in particular in the field of additives for liquid fuels, and the essence of the proposed invention showed that the technical solutions of the method for producing and the composition of the additive to liquid proposed as an invention fuel meets the patentability criterion of "novelty."

The use of mica as a natural aluminosilicate as a natural aluminosilicate, mainly crushed vermiculite, which is subjected to high-temperature firing, removes chemically bound water and impurities from vermiculite, as well as other types of mica, ensuring the creation of a porous structure, which later on when used in the additive contributes to good dispersibility of aluminosilicate in suspensions, ensuring the stability of the additive, good adsorption properties for the absorption of chemically active combustion products fuel (metals, sulfur oxides, nitrogen) and their binding.

The predominant use of vermiculite is explained by a more porous structure after firing.

Additional fine grinding after firing provides a more complete flow of physicochemical processes during the processing of vermiculite with acids, and also contributes to the production of a thin dispersed additive system.

Subsequent subsequent firing, sequential repeated exposure in solutions of carbolic acids of a high concentration, mainly formic and acetic, inorganic strong acids of a high concentration, which is nitric acid, namely:

initially, mica is carried out in formic acid of a strong concentration of at least 85 wt.%, after this exposure and, accordingly, filtration, the remainder of the mica is kept in a mixture of nitric acid with a concentration of at least 55 wt.% and acetic acid with a concentration of at least 78 wt.%, mainly glacial acetic acid, taken in equal proportions, after filtration, the rest of the mica is finally kept in strong concentration of formic acid, not less than 85 wt.%,

provides not only the purification of mica from unnecessary impurities through the use of nitric acid, but also the maximum saturation of the obtained porous structure of vermiculite with carboxylic fatty acids. The exposure time is the time required to saturate vermiculite with carboxylic acids.

Carboxylic acids contained in vermiculite particles, during the combustion of the fuel, bind the active metals formed during the combustion of the fuel, forming salts. This ensures the purity of the combustion processes of the fuel, and, accordingly, the reduction of harmful metal oxides, reduction of smoke, soot.

The use of a strong concentration of inorganic strong acid, mainly nitric acid, in an equal proportional mixture with acetic acid allows the purification and splitting of vermiculite with an inorganic acid to form a porous structure, as well as saturation of the resulting porous structure with carboxylic acid. This proportional ratio of acids is optimal for purification, splitting and saturation of the structure with carboxylic acid. High concentrations of acids are explained by the fact that formic and acetic acids are weak, therefore, high concentration acids are used for effectiveness.

A high concentration of strong inorganic acid also increases the effectiveness of purification of vermiculite. At the same time, high concentrations of acids allow aging at room temperatures, which still creates an additional effect, which consists in reducing the harmfulness of production and increasing safety.

As a result of filtrations, excess acid not absorbed by vermiculite is removed from vermiculite, the moist vermiculite medium is neutralized to a normal medium mainly by sodium hypochlorite. This substance is not so toxic unlike the standard alkalis used. Although, in principle, any base can be used. This is necessary because in the fuel, which will subsequently be added with an additive, there are a variety of impurities, including those with an acidic environment. Therefore, the neutralization of the acidic environment is necessary in order to exclude an additional increase in the acidity of fuels and to avoid increased corrosion of the fuel equipment of power plants and internal combustion engines.

An additional addition of finely ground olivinite, algae and a calcium-containing natural component to the processed vermiculite, which are taken in the following amounts: olivinite 5-20 wt.%, Algae 10-20 wt.%, Calcium-containing component 5-15 wt.% Of the initial amount of vermiculite, allows you to get the composition of the components, which is the basis of the inventive additives.

The use of natural components, natural minerals (mica, olivinite), organic matter (algae, rapana shells) in the additive significantly improves environmental safety.

But most importantly, it allows you to get a multifunctional additive to liquid fuel, characterized by the following properties.

Mica, mainly vermiculite, makes it possible to give the additive properties such as high dispersibility, stability of the additive and fuel, absorption of harmful chemically active substances from fuel combustion products (sulfur, nitrogen oxides), carboxylic acids in mica bind chemically active metals, as mentioned above, reducing the amount of soot smoke, harmful metal oxides. This allows you to reduce the acidity of the fuel, and accordingly, to reduce the corrosion of fuel equipment.

Due to the presence of exclusively calcium carbonate, the calcium-containing natural component, rapana shells, ensures the conversion of sulfur contained in fuel to sulfites and sulfates, thereby reducing the amount of sulfur oxides in exhaust gases, ensuring an increase in the cetane number and the purity of the exhaust valves of the fuel equipment.

In addition, rapana shells are a cheap natural ingredient. This is also important for obtaining not only effective, but also inexpensive additives.

Olivinite is a magnesia-ferrous orthosilicate olivine, which has an octahedral crystalline structure and in which there is a large amount of iron and magnesium, the inventor considers this component in the additive as a source of metals, which provides the catalyst with a catalytic effect. Olivinite contributes to the intensification of fuel combustion processes, to a decrease in the self-ignition delay, providing the most complete combustion of fuel, which reduces the amount of harmful toxic gases in exhaust gases.

Algae, brown, red, green, is not only a source of natural polymers of lipids, fatty acids, but also calcium carbonate, which they absorb in the thallus. A large amount of calcium causes a similar effect of the calcium-containing component, and the presence of natural polymers of lipids, fatty acids provides the effect of a surfactant (improves dispersion of the additive), improves lubricity, that is, reduces friction (wear). The chemical composition of algae provides powerful antioxidant properties. The applicant used this property of algae to obtain the claimed additive, which slows down the oxidation of the fuel and prevents precipitation, i.e. provides fuel stability.

Drying algae to a moisture content of at least 50% simplifies fine grinding of algae, facilitates the physicochemical interaction of algae (calcium carbonate, lipids) with other components of the fuel composition.

Adding water to the resulting composition of the components, followed by mixing, namely, mineralized water, mainly sea water, which is taken in the amount necessary to cover the mixture of all components, on the one hand, saturates the resulting composition, especially vermiculite and algae, with necessary elements from sea water that increase their functional properties in the additive. On the other hand, the subsequent evaporation of water from the composition is necessary not only to maximize the removal of excess inorganic acid not bound by vermiculite from the wet composition, but also to improve the uniformity of the wet composition mixture.

Mixing the resulting composite mixture with residual oil, which is used as kerosene, in a ratio of 1: 5, keeping the resulting composite mixture, subsequent filtration and dispersion allows you to get a stable additive from natural components. Kerosene is an excellent solvent. Withstanding the resulting composite mixture for a time that is the time required to dissolve the large fractions of the components, thereby ensuring the physicochemical stability of the obtained additive.

Before dispersion, filtration is carried out, which will allow to remove the undissolved large parts remaining after exposure to kerosene from the composite mixture.

Subsequent dispersion provides fine grinding of the obtained composite mixture of these components in kerosene, which allows you to get a stable highly dispersed mixture (colloidal system), which is an additive.

Thus, the proposed combination of essential features provides a technical result in all cases to which the requested amount of legal protection applies.

During the search by the applicant for information in the field of energy, where the process of burning liquid hydrocarbon fuels is used, in particular in the field of additives for liquid fuels, certain distinctive features of the claimed invention were discovered, namely, the use of aluminosilicates (see ed. St. USSR No. 502926, No. 649221, No. 734246), metals (see RF patents No. 2187541, No. 2444560), a calcium-containing component, in particular limestone, milk of lime (see ed. St. USSR No. 1097860, No. 1702093), in the process of obtaining additives. The use of algae in the manufacture of biofuels and fuel compositions is known.

However, the use of algae in the preparation and composition of liquid fuel additives was not detected, the use of such an original calcium-containing component as shells of rapana, and most importantly, the existing level did not reveal a combination of new significant distinguishing features that allows achieving a new technical result and its effect on the latter.

It is the combination of essential distinguishing features that allows to obtain a new technical result - increasing the efficiency of the operation of ICE, power plants using the combustion of liquid fuel by reducing toxic harmful substances (sulfur oxides, nitrogen) in the exhaust fumes, reducing friction by increasing the lubricity of plant parts, improving fuel combustion processes (increasing the burning rate, decreasing the self-ignition delay), reducing carbon formation and smoke, saving Liva, operational and environmental reliability of power plants, internal combustion engines.

Therefore, the present invention has such a patentability criterion as "inventive step".

The essence of the technical solution proposed as an invention is explained using the following example.

The method of preparation of the additive is as follows.

Aluminosilicate, mica (muscovite, vermiculite, phlogopite) and olivinite are used as natural mineral raw materials, and algae and rapana shells are used as organic matter.

Applicant has described a specific example of producing an additive using vermiculite.

You can use substandard mica raw materials, wastes from mica production, in particular, the Kovdor deposit, as well as the accompanying raw materials - olivinite, olivine. Olivinite is an ultrabasic rock intrusive rock consisting of 90% olivine (metal rock).

Vermiculite is ground, then subjected to high-temperature firing.

For grinding and firing use standard, industrially produced equipment (crushers, kilns).

As a result of high-temperature firing, not only chemically bound water and various impurities are separated from mineral mica raw materials, but a more loose porous structure is also formed. High-temperature firing is carried out at a temperature not lower than 950 ° C. For the best effect, repeated firing is performed.

The firing of mineral raw materials, vermiculite for 15-50 minutes, followed by cooling of the product after firing for 5-25 minutes, is sufficient to isolate impurities, chemically bound water, complete chemical reactions and create a volumetric porous structure of the used mineral raw materials. After firing, vermiculite is additionally finely ground.

Then, after firing, a sequential multiple exposure is carried out in solutions of carboxylic acids of high concentration, mainly formic and acetic, inorganic strong acids of high concentration, which is taken as nitric acid, namely, the process is as follows.

Initially, the mica is aged in formic acid of a high concentration, not less than 85 wt.%. Acid is taken in such an amount as to cover the entire surface of crushed vermiculite. The exposure time of vermiculite in the specified acid is 70-75 hours. This holding time is sufficient to saturate vermiculite with carboxylic acid; it was determined experimentally. Exposure is carried out at room temperature, this is determined by the properties of formic acid. It decomposes when heated.

Use technical formic acid, which complies with the current standard ROST 1706-78 Technical formic acid. Technical conditions

After this exposure, filtering is carried out. The rest of the mica is kept in a mixture of nitric acid with a concentration of not less than 55 wt.% And acetic acid with a concentration of not less than 78 wt.%, Mainly glacial acetic acid (100 wt.%), Taken in equal proportions. A mixture of acids is taken in such an amount as to cover the entire surface of vermiculite. Exposure is also carried out at room temperature for 20-25 hours. Due to the strong concentrations of acids used, this exposure time is sufficient for additional cleavage of vermiculite with nitric acid and saturation of vermiculite with acetic acid.

The acids used comply with current standards, GROWTH R 55789-2010 Non-concentrated nitric acid. Specifications and GOST 6968-76 Food and technical acetic acid.

After filtration, the rest of the mica is finally kept in formic acid of the same concentration, at least 85 wt.%. In order to save, you can use the same formic acid, filtered after the initial exposure. Exposure is also carried out at room temperature for 20-25 hours. Acid is taken in such an amount as to cover the entire surface of vermiculite.

Thus, aging in acids provides not only the purification of mica from unnecessary impurities through the use of nitric acid, but also the maximum saturation of the obtained porous structure of vermiculite with carboxylic fatty acids. The exposure time and acid concentration were determined experimentally.

Moreover, all work with acids is carried out in strict accordance with safety procedures (sealed equipment, special clothing, exhaust hoods).

As a result of filtration, excess acid is removed from the residue of the treated vermiculite mica. The wet vermiculite medium is neutralized to a normal medium mainly by sodium hypochlorite. Use industrial grade S sodium hypochlorite manufactured in accordance with GOST 11086-76.

This substance is not so toxic unlike standard alkalis used to neutralize. Although it is possible to use any base. This is necessary because in the fuel, which will subsequently be added with an additive, there are a variety of impurities, including those with an acidic environment. Therefore, the neutralization of the acidic environment of the additive component is necessary in order to avoid increasing the acidity of the fuel, which leads to increased corrosion of the fuel equipment of power plants, internal combustion engines.

Then finely ground olivinite, algae and a calcium-containing natural component are additionally added to the processed vermiculite, which are taken in the following amounts: olivinite 5-20 wt.%, Algae 10-20 wt.%, Calcium-containing component 5-15 wt.% Of the initial amount of vermiculite (taken after firing before treatment with acids), which allows to obtain a composition of the components, which is the basis of the inventive additives.

The applicant conducted experiments, 5 examples of the preparation of additives with different component composition, their results are shown in table 1. The technology is the same, different ratio of components.

As a calcium-containing natural component, shells of rapana, washed, dried and finely ground, are used. They exclusively consist of calcium in the form of a chemical compound, calcium carbonate. This component is cheap, ubiquitous (sea, river water bodies).

As algae, red, brown, green algae are used, which are dried before grinding to a moisture content of at least 50%. It is possible to use mixtures of algae. The applicant in the described specific example of a method for producing additives used red algae.

All components are mixed and poured with water, which is then evaporated to obtain a wet composite mixture. The water used is saline water, mainly seawater, which is taken in the amount necessary to cover the mixture of components.

The specified percentage ratio of the components was determined experimentally and is optimal for obtaining a multifunctional additive to liquid fuel that meets the above characteristics.

The use of natural components, natural minerals (mica, olivinite), organic matter (algae, rapa shells) in the additive significantly improves environmental safety, but, most importantly, allows you to get a multi-functional additive to liquid fuel, characterized by the properties described above.

Adding water to the resulting composition of the components, namely, mineralized water, mainly sea water, which is taken in the amount necessary to cover the mixture of all components, on the one hand, saturates the obtained composition, especially vermiculite and algae, with necessary elements from sea water that increase their functional properties in the additive. On the other hand, the subsequent evaporation of water from the composition is necessary not only to maximize the removal of excess inorganic acid not bound by vermiculite from the wet composition, but also to obtain a homogeneous wet composite mixture.

The resulting wet composite mixture is mixed with the residual oil in a ratio of 1: 5. Parts of the components (mixture and kerosene) are taken by weight. Kerosene is used as the residual oil product. Then the resulting composite mixture is kept, filtered, and then dispersed.

This ratio of the composite mixture and kerosene is determined experimentally as the most optimal ratio to obtain a multifunctional additive, which allows you to get the above properties, see table 1.

Kerosene is an excellent solvent. The aging of the obtained composite dispersed mixture in kerosene is carried out for 70-75 hours. This time is enough to dissolve large fractions of the components of the additive. The indicated time is determined experimentally as the most optimal time. This time is sufficient to ensure the physicochemical stability of the dispersed mixture of the obtained additive.

Before dispersion, filtration is carried out, which allows you to remove the insoluble large particles remaining after exposure to kerosene from the composite mixture.

Subsequent dispersion provides fine grinding of the resulting composite mixture of these components in kerosene, which allows you to finally get a stable highly dispersed mixture (colloidal system), which is an additive.

All equipment used in the process of preparing an additive to liquid fuel, is a standard industrial production.

Experimental tests of the obtained additive were carried out on fuel oil M 100 in a boiler room located on the territory of the EW fleet. Individually tested all 5 received additives. All additives were taken in the amount of 10 liters per tank, with a volume of 20 m ³ , in which there was M 100 fuel oil. The amount of fuel oil was taken the same with the expectation of the work of 1 change of the boiler room at 12 o’clock. The same amount of different additives was added to it. Fuel oil was burned both without an additive and the same fuel oil, but with different additives from 1 to 5, the results are shown in table 2.

It can be seen from the experimental data that with the use of additives, the operation of nozzles in the boiler room is much more efficient, there are no cleanings during the work shift at 12 o’clock. There is no exhaust smoke, which indicates a significant reduction in harmful toxic oxides in exhaust gases. The absence of nozzle cleanings indicates an intensification of combustion processes, as a result of which the amount of soot and soot decreases. Fuel oil itself with additives during storage for 1 month showed good results, stability without visible separation and precipitation.

In addition, when burning fuel oil with additives, its significant savings take place, on average by 5-8%, in some cases up to 15%.

The applicant believes that the good results obtained from experiments on the combustion of fuel oil M 100 using this additive allow us to conclude that the additive can be used for all types of liquid fuel.

Currently, the applicant is testing the additives obtained at sea on ships, in particular on naval fuel oil. The data obtained during the operation of the marine ICE, the applicant gives in tables No. 3, 4. Analysis of the data indicates a high efficiency of fuel combustion with the additive, which confirms the achieved technical result.

Thus, as a result of applying the claimed invention to the production method and the composition of the additive, a new technical result is achieved - increasing the efficiency of the operation of ICE, power plants using the combustion of liquid fuel, by ensuring the reduction of toxic harmful substances (sulfur, nitrogen oxides) in the exhaust fumes, reduction of friction due to increased lubricity of plant components, improvement of fuel combustion processes (increase in combustion rate, decrease in self-ignition delay), reduction of carbonization and smoke, fuel economy, operational and environmental reliability of power plants, internal combustion engines.

As a result of using the method, a multifunctional additive composition is obtained containing the following composition:

crushed olivinite in an amount of 5-20 wt.%, algae in an amount of 10-20 wt.%, rapana in an amount of 5-15 wt.% of the initial amount of crushed vermiculite, kerosene was taken as the residual oil in the ratio of the composition of these components: kerosene 1 :5.

This additive provides the following properties:

- reduction of fuel oxidation, preventing precipitation, delamination, i.e. provides fuel stability during storage;

- reduction of carbon deposits, soot, cleanliness of fuel equipment elements;

- reduction of smoke, harmful toxic metal oxides, nitrogen, sulfur;

- a decrease in the acidity of the fuel, and accordingly, a decrease in the corrosion of fuel equipment;

- intensification of the combustion processes of the fuel, reducing the delay of self-ignition, ensuring the most complete combustion of the fuel, respectively, reducing the amount of harmful toxic gases in the exhaust gases;

- improving lubricity, that is, reducing friction, therefore, wear of fuel equipment.

Due to the above properties, the use of an additive to liquid fuel allows you to save fuel by an average of 5-8%, in some cases up to 15% (depending on the composition of the fuel).

Therefore, the present invention meets the patentability criterion of "industrial applicability".

The additive proposed as an invention can be used for any type of liquid fuel in automobile, marine ICEs, in any power plants where liquid fuel is burned.

Claims (12)

1. A method of producing an additive to liquid fuel, comprising introducing natural aluminosilicate into the residual oil product, introducing water, mixing, characterized in that mica, mainly crushed vermiculite, which is subjected to high-temperature firing, followed by multiple repeated exposure to solutions of carboxylic acids, is used as natural aluminosilicate strong concentration, mainly formic and acetic, inorganic strong acids of strong concentration, after each exposure mica in acids filter mica from the acids used, the obtained residue of treated mica after the last exposure to acid is neutralized, finely ground olivinite, algae and a calcium-containing natural component are additionally added to the obtained mica, which are taken in the following amount: olivinite 5-20 wt.%, algae 10-20 wt.%, calcium-containing component 5-15 wt.% of the initial amount of vermiculite, the resulting composition of the components is filled with water, which is then evaporated to obtain a wet composition impurity, the latter is mixed with a residual oil, which is used as kerosene, in the ratio of 1: 5 is maintained, then dispersed. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that after firing, vermiculite is additionally finely ground. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the inorganic strong acid is predominantly nitric acid, the mica is treated with acids at room temperature. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the initial exposure of the mica is carried out in formic acid of a high concentration, at least 85 wt.%, After exposure and filtration, the remainder of the mica is kept in a mixture of nitric acid with a concentration of at least 55 wt.% And acetic acid with a concentration of not less than 78 wt.%, mainly glacial acetic acid, taken in equal proportions, after filtration, the remainder of the mica is finally kept in formic acid of a strong concentration, not less than 85 wt.%, the exposure time is the time required Dimen sible for saturation of vermiculite with carboxylic acids. 5. The method according to. claim 1, characterized in that to neutralize the acidic environment, sodium hypochlorite is used predominantly. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the water used is saline water, mainly seawater, which is taken in an amount necessary to cover the mixture of components. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the shells of rapana are used as the calcium-containing natural component. 8. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the algae use red, brown, green algae, which are dried before grinding to a moisture content of at least 50%. 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the exposure time of the composite mixture in kerosene is the time required to dissolve large fractions of the components, after exposure to dispersion of the composite mixture is filtered. 10. The method according to claim 1 or 8, characterized in that the obtained additive is used by adding to liquid fuel at a ratio of at least 100 ml of additive per 1000 kg of liquid fuel. 11. The composition of the additive prepared according to claims 1 to 9, containing natural aluminosilicate, residual oil product, characterized in that it further comprises:
finely ground olivinite in an amount of 5-20 wt.% of the initial amount of natural aluminosilicate, algae in an amount of 10-20 wt.% of the initial amount of natural aluminosilicate, calcium-containing component in an amount of 5-15 wt.% of the initial amount of natural aluminosilicate, which use mica, mainly crushed vermiculite, kerosene in a ratio of 1: 5 is taken as the residual oil product. 12. The composition according to claim 11, characterized in that the shells of rapana are used as the calcium-containing component.