KR950005685B1 - Fuel additives - Google Patents

Abstract

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Description

Modifier of fuel

The present invention relates to a reforming agent for improving the thermal efficiency of petroleum-based fuels such as gasoline, diesel, and the like, and more particularly, to a reforming agent for fuels using various elements and sea salts containing seawater.

In general, in spark ignition engines such as automobile engines, the higher the compression ratio of the engine, the higher the thermal efficiency and the higher the power output, thereby improving the fuel consumption rate. However, in the case of ordinary gasoline, the higher the compression ratio, the higher the compression ratio. This degrades.

For this reason, the use of gasoline with high octane value with high antiknock has been used to improve the thermal efficiency by increasing the compression ratio. It is expensive because it can be made.

In addition, deterioration due to oxidation of gasoline leads to a decrease in octane value and a significant deterioration in fuel consumption due to polymer shells.

For this reason, it is necessary to add antioxidant to commercial gasoline.

On the other hand, diesel fuels used as fuels for diesel engines (compression ignition engines) have problems of fluidity and ignition in addition to stability. Therefore, diesel fuels having high cetane values with good ignition properties are required. Diesel is also more expensive than ordinary diesel.

In addition, when light oil oxidizes and deteriorates, high-molecular weight shells are produced as in the case of gasoline, and when a large amount is produced, the fuel injection nozzle is closed to inhibit the supply of fuel.

In order to prevent such problems due to deterioration of diesel fuel, hydrogenation purification or the like is required.

The inventors of the present invention have already focused on the use of certain types of elements contained in seawater and gasoline-based modifiers such as gasoline using salts separated from seawater in view of the synergistic effect of improving the fuel properties of strong basicity. The development has a remarkable effect on the improvement of fuelability. However, this reformer is solid and stored in a specific container and put into the fuel. However, there was an irrationality such that it melted in the fuel and dispersed in the fuel as it is in a solid state, causing clogging of the engine.

On the other hand, the solid separated from the seawater is easily dissolved in water but insoluble in gasoline, diesel, etc., so it is difficult to add to these fuels. In addition, when the solid is dissolved in alcohol but dissolved in alcohol and added to the fuel, the specific gravity of the fuel and alcohol is different, so that it is difficult to uniformly mix the two, so that the desired effect cannot be obtained.

It is an object of the present invention to provide a reformer for these fuels that can be added directly to fuels such as gasoline and diesel by solving such conventional problems and improving fuel consumption, increasing output, and purifying exhaust gas. It is done.

The reformer of the fuel of the present invention, which achieves this purpose, makes the seawater acidic, then adds a strong alkaline agent to a high pH, and removes the precipitate, thereby removing moisture from the solution. The solvent is dissolved in a solvent compatible with the fuel to be applied, and such a solvent most suitably contains alcohol and kerosene at a constant ratio.

Further, the modifier of the fuel of the present invention is pH adjusted by a pH adjuster.

Next, the detail of the reformer of the fuel of this invention is demonstrated.

First, the solid obtainable from seawater in the modifier of the present invention can be obtained according to the method described in the present invention, "Salt Separation Method of Seawater" (Japanese Patent Application No. 62-201578, Japanese Patent Application Hei 1-40092). have.

That is, firstly, the seawater is adjusted to low pH with strong acid containing sulfate ions, and then a strong alkaline agent is added to make high pH, and then the precipitate and the resulting solution are separated.

Here, as a strong acid containing sulfate ion, several% of dilute sulfuric acid can be used, but an aqueous solution in which precipitates are removed by adding 3-5% concentrated sulfuric acid to an aqueous solution of activated calcium phosphate (abbreviated as ps acid) can be used. have.

This p-s acid has a strong acidity of about pH 0.2, but unlike toxic substances such as sulfuric acid, it can be used as a high-safety acid with no abnormality in contact with flesh and easy handling.

Dilute sulfuric acid Otherwise, p-s acid may be added to the seawater several percent and left for 2-3 hours to adjust the seawater to a low pH below pH 2.

At this time, almost no sediment is generated, but some of the sediment is removed by means of filtration and the like with the suspended substance in the original seawater.

The strong alkaline agent is then used to neutralize the seawater once adjusted to a low pH and to bring it back to a high pH, thereby precipitating salts such as alkaline earth metals and sulfates of other metals having low solubility at high pH.

As such a strong alkaline agent, sodium hydroxide may be used as it is, or sodium hydroxide is added to an aqueous solution of calcium oxide (hereinafter referred to as Ca-Na aqueous solution).

The amount of the strong alkaline agent may be more than an amount capable of achieving the above object, and in the case of sodium hydroxide (solid), about 5% by weight of an aqueous solution of 3% by weight of Ca-Na is added to seawater and left for 10 hours or more. As a result, seawater exhibits a basicity of pH 13 or higher and precipitates form.

The solution (a) after removal of this precipitate is a basic aqueous solution containing about the same alkali metal ions as sea water, but less alkaline earth metal ions such as Ca and Mg, and mainly containing hydroxide ions and chlorine ions as anions.

The solution (a) is tightly concentrated to 10.50 to 1.5%, concentrated, and when cooled, precipitates (b) are again precipitated. Thus, this solution is also removed and water is completely removed from the remaining solution, thereby obtaining the desired solid (c).

This solid (c) and the result of elemental analysis are shown in Table 1.

As is clear from Table 1, solids (c) are salts, oxides and hydroxides mainly containing Na and K, and have a very strong basicity.

Moreover, dissolution of Na metal in alkaline earth oxide is an extremely basic substance called superbase, and it is known to have excellent catalysis, but this solid (c) is also thought to contain many of these superbases or similar compounds. It is also believed that the reforming of the fuel is due to its unique properties.

TABLE 1

The modifier of the fuel of the present invention can be obtained by dissolving in a solvent compatible with the fuel to which such solid (c) is applied.

The solid (c) is usually easily soluble in water and alcohol, but hardly soluble in petroleum-based fuels such as gasoline and diesel, so that a solvent mixture of kerosene and alcohol is preferable.

By using such a mixed solvent, a uniform mixed state of the reformer and the fuel can be obtained quickly.

For this reason, the mixing ratio of kerosene and alcohol and the distillation of alcohol to be used are appropriately selected depending on the fuel. However, as alcohol, methyl alcohol and butyl alcohol are preferably mixed, and kerosene is suitably added thereto.

Further, most preferably, the stock solution obtained by kneading the solid (c) with an alcohol such as methyl alcohol is dissolved in a mixed solvent of alcohol and kerosene, and then diluted with kerosene depending on the fuel to be applied.

The concentration of solids (c) in the final solvent is on the order of 0.05- several percent, depending on the fuel applied.

The reformer of the present invention thus obtained can be added directly to fuels such as gasoline, heavy oil, and diesel, and can be added to the fuel to increase fuel efficiency, improve fuel consumption, and reduce HC and CO in the exhaust gas. .

As described above, since the solid (c) has extremely strong basicity, when a long time passes after the reforming agent of the present invention is mixed with a fuel, a reaction product is generated depending on the reaction between the reformer and the fuel.

If the fuel containing this modifier is directly supplied to the combustion, there is no problem. However, if the fuel containing this modifier is supplied to the engine from a fuel tank or the like, clogging of the fuel supply system occurs depending on the reaction product. There is.

Therefore, in such a case, it is preferable to add a pH adjuster for adjusting the pH without degrading the function of the fuel modifier, and particularly to add a pH adjuster having a reforming effect of the fuel itself.

As the acid for pH adjustment, an acid composition based on sulfuric acid already developed by the present inventor is most suitable.

This acid composition is a mixture of sediment separated from seawater and calcined product of calcium phosphate composed mainly of calcium phosphate and sulfuric acid. It is easy to adjust the pH.

The sediment separated from the seawater used here is the sediment (b) which can be obtained in the process of obtaining the solid (c) described above, and this sediment (b) is as apparent from the results of elemental analysis shown in Table 1. It is a basic substance mainly containing Na, Mg, K, and Ca.

Next, as a calcium compound that is calcined together with the precipitate (b), calcium phosphate, in particular, bones such as cattle, pigs, and sheep are burned at high temperature, and bones from which meat and fat are removed are burned at 700 ° C or higher. A fired product of can be used.

Material (2) and calcium compound obtained from seawater are mixed at a mixing ratio of 2: 1-1: 2, and then calcined at a high temperature of 900 ° C to 1200 ° C.

The fired body thus obtained is kneaded with concentrated sulfuric acid at an appropriate ratio.

This dough is added in an amount of up to several%, about 1% -2%, based on the modifier.

This pH-adjusted modifier is best for automotive engines in particular, and the amount depends on the fuel applied, for example 0.1-0.5% for gasoline, 0.3-1% for light oil and 1% or more for heavy oil. In addition, the fuel condition is remarkably improved, the generation of harmful exhaust gases such as this is reduced, and there is no clogging of the fuel supply system thereon.

An example of the manufacturing method of the modifiers, such as gasoline, of this invention is demonstrated.

[One. preparation of p-s acid]

In 1 liter of water, 50 g of powder containing calcium phosphate composed of calcined products of animal bone as a main component was dissolved to obtain an aqueous solution having a pH of 13 or more. 5% concentrated sulfuric acid was added to the aqueous solution to prepare p-s acid at pH 0.2.

[2. Seawater Separation]

10 l of p-s acid was added to 500 l of seawater and left for 3 hours, and then the insolubles were removed by filtration.

As a result, the seawater became pH 1.6.

Subsequently, 15 kg of sodium hydroxide was added to 500 L of low pH seawater and left for 10 hours.

At this time, the pH of the solution (a) after filtering the produced precipitate was 13.4.

[3. Preparation of Solids]

10 liter of the solution (a) after seawater was isolate | separated, water was removed, and it was set as 1.5 liter of concentrated solution.

The concentrated solution was quenched to generate a precipitate (b). The precipitate was removed, and 1 liter of the remaining solution was heated again and water was removed to obtain 322 g of a solid (c).

Precipitate (b) was used as a pH adjuster described later.

[4. Preparation of Modifiers]

7.5 g of the solid (c) was added to 300 ml of a kerosene / alcohol mixed solvent of the following formulation, and stirred to dissolve to obtain a stock solution of the fuel modifier of the present invention.

Methyl Alcohol 60ml

Butyl Alcohol 100ml

Kerosene 140ml

The stock solution of the modifier was diluted with kerosene so that the concentration of the solid (c) was 1% to obtain the modifier of the present invention.

As a result of using the stove by adding about 1% to the kerosene flow rate of the kerosene stove, the kerosene unique odor was completely lost and the calories were increased.

Furthermore, when making the stock of the modifier, the remaining solid as a residue was added directly to the heavy oil and combusted.

Even in this case, the combustion condition could be improved.

EXAMPLE 1, 1

In addition, 120 ml (0.2%) of the reformer obtained in this way was added to 60 l of fuel of a gasoline car and 180 ml (0.3%) of 60 l of fuel of a diesel car, respectively, and the running test was carried out.

In addition, the exhaust gas was analyzed for the gasoline car.

The results were compared with no modifiers in the same type of tea.

Table 2 and Table 3 are as follows.

TABLE 2

As is also apparent from Table 2, CO and HC in the exhaust gas decreased significantly in the gasoline car.

In the case of diesel cars, black smoke decreased.

In all cases, the fuel consumption rate improved significantly.

[5. pH adjuster]

The above-mentioned precipitate (b) was heated to remove moisture to obtain 200 g of a solid.

This precipitate (b) is mixed with a calcium compound composed mainly of calcium phosphate, which is a calcined product of animal bone, in a mixing ratio of 1: 1, and then the mixture is calcined while gradually raising the temperature in an electric furnace, and the temperature is about 1200 ° C. About 50 minutes were baked again at this time.

1 g of the obtained fired body and 5 g of concentrated sulfuric acid were mixed well to form a muddy state, and then 10 g /

It was added to dissolve to obtain a modifier of the fuel whose pH was adjusted, which was then diluted again with kerosene so that the concentration of solid (c) was 1% to obtain the modifier of the present invention.

Example 3

In the gasoline engine car having a total displacement of 3000 cc, 0.5% of the above-described modifier was added to gasoline, and a running test was performed.

Table 5 shows the analysis results of the HC and CO in the exhaust gas after the addition of the modifier and the fuel consumption rate (km / L).

TABLE 3

Table 3 also shows the results of the driving test when the modifier of the present invention is not used in the same type of gasoline car (Comparative Example 3).

[Examples 4 and 5]

0.5% (Example 4) and 1% (Example 5) of the above-mentioned modifier were added to the diesel engine car, and a running test was performed.

The amount of black smoke and fuel consumption efficiency (km / l) in the exhaust gas after the addition of the modifier was measured.

Moreover, the measurement of black smoke was made to adsorb | suck to paper paper, and the brightness (very black sound 100, white thing 0) was measured.

The results are shown in Table 4.

Table 4 also shows the results of the driving test when the diesel engine of the same model is not used with the modifier of the present invention (Comparative Example 4).

TABLE 4

As is apparent from the above examples, the modifier such as gasoline of the present invention has a great effect on improving the thermal efficiency of gasoline and the like and improving the fuel consumption rate.

Moreover, since seawater is used, it can manufacture at low cost.

In addition, since the modifier of the present invention can be added directly to the fuel, it can be applied not only to internal combustion engines such as automobiles, but also to boilers, stoves, and other fuel engines.

In addition, long-term use does not cause clogging in the fuel supply system.

Claims (4)

It is obtained by dissolving the seawater in an acid, then by adding a strong alkaline agent to a high pH, and then removing the water from the solution obtained by removing the precipitate formed therefrom, and dissolving the solid obtained in a solvent compatible with the fuel applied. Modifier of fuel. The modifier of a fuel according to claim 1, which contains alcohol and kerosene at a constant ratio. The fuel modifier of claim 1, wherein a pH adjuster is added. 4. The pH adjusting agent according to claim 3, wherein the pH adjusting agent is made to have a high pH by adding acidic seawater, then to a high pH by adding a strong alkaline agent, and then concentrating and cooling the solution obtained by concentrating and cooling the obtained solution. A fuel modifier, characterized in that kneaded calcined body and concentrated sulfuric acid.