RU2472932C1 - Development method of flat and inclined thick ore bodies - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining.

SUBSTANCE: method involves development of ore resources, which is performed in two stages. Producing block is divided into ore body falling sections consisting of two primary chambers as to the spread and one secondary chamber consisting of inter-chamber chain pillar and bottoms of primary chambers. Protective pillars are left between blocks. At the first development stage there excavated are primary chambers as to spread to the height of up to 8 m with one working face using self-propelled vehicles and roof and walls of primary chambers and roof above inter-chamber pillar are fixed by installing anchors with mesh. At the second stage there extracted are resources of inter-chamber chain pillars and bottoms of primary chambers to drilling and delivery working-outs between protective chain pillars with width of 2.5-3 m, which are left between sections.

EFFECT: invention allows improving development efficiency, increasing ore production and reducing losses and impoverishment.

2 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can be used in underground mining of ore field sites with an ore deposit capacity of more than 8 m with a shallow and inclined ore body, unstable ores and host rocks by a combined development system with a chamber excavation with an open treatment space.

As a prototype, the well-known method of developing powerful deposits by a combined system was selected (Agoshkov MI, Borisov S.S., Boyarsky V.A. Development of ore and non-ore deposits. A textbook for technical schools. 3rd ed., Revised and add. M., Nedra, 1983, 424 pp. - S.64-68 § 27, p.249 § 69, p.134-147 § 42-43, p.250 § 70), in which the floor or panel is divided into alternating , relatively close in size chambers and interchamber pillars, removed sequentially in two stages by different systems. Typically, cameras are taken out from the bottom up in the first place, and pillars from top to bottom - in the second, at the end of the excavation of adjacent cameras. Combined systems are divided into groups depending on the method of extraction of the cameras and differ from each other in terms of application. Combined systems with a chamber extraction with an open treatment space belong to the 1st group.

A feature of combined development systems is the division of the floor into regularly alternating and relatively close in size chambers and interchamber pillars, worked out sequentially in two stages by different systems. The cameras work out in the first place, and the pillars in the second place at the end of the excavation of two or three (rarely more) adjacent cameras. The almost equal scope of the two development systems — for the extraction of cameras and pillars — distinguishes combined systems from conventional systems, where pillars also alternate with cameras, but have a relatively small ore reserve. Chambers and pillars have, as a rule, the long side across the strike of the ore body. The width of the chambers is from 8 to 30 m, the pillars are from 6 to 20 m. The ratio of ore reserves in chambers and pillars varies on average from 1: 1 to 2: 1.

When developing powerful ore deposits with a combined system with open chambers, the excavation of the chambers is carried out by one of the variants of systems with a sub-floor or floor recess, pillars are worked out by floor or floor caving.

Preparatory work consists in carrying out haul-off, ventilation drifts and sinking block rebels. From the haulage drift pass loading chambers with two-sided arrangement of arches. Loading chambers are knocked down with a ventilation drift. Several sub-floor drilling drifts are carried out between the block risers, and a cutting-up riser is held in the center of the block.

The extraction of chambers and interchamber pillars is carried out in two stages. In the two-stage excavation of pillars by a combined system with open chambers, the ceiling is first collapsed along with the bottom of the overlying floor onto an empty chamber and ore is mined, then the inter-chamber pillar is mined by sub-floor or layer collapse between chambers filled with empty rock. The ceiling is usually brought down by blasting deep wells, as a rule, with a fan or beam arrangement. To drill the ceilings using previously conducted workings. One of the common options for excavating an interchamber pillar surrounded by collapsed rocks is a “closed fan”.

The disadvantages of the described method are:

- significant losses and dilution of the ore, not only during the development of pillars, but also during the extraction of chambers;

- the danger of collapse of the roof during the extraction of reserves of the 2nd stage, namely when the reserves of inter-chamber pillars and the bottoms of the primary chambers (chambers of the first stage) are excavated.

The technical task of the invention is the creation of a method for the development of gentle and inclined powerful ore bodies, which reduces the likelihood of rock collapse in the waste space by controlling the roof.

The technical result is an increase in the efficiency of field development, an increase in ore production in the production unit by reducing the level of losses and dilution.

To solve the technical problem and achieve the technical result in a method for developing gentle and inclined powerful ore bodies, including dividing the production unit into sections for falling the ore body, consisting of two primary chambers along the strike, a secondary chamber consisting of a tape interchamber pillar and the bottoms of the primary chambers, and a safety pillar, the mining of ore reserves is carried out in two stages, while in the first stage, primary chambers are excavated along a strike to a height of up to 8 m with one face using self-propelled equipment, and at the second stage, the reserves of tape inter-chamber pillars and the bottoms of the primary chambers are excavated for drilling deliveries, according to the invention, at the first stage of mining, when primary chambers are drilled, the roof and walls of the primary chambers and the roof are fixed over the entire interchamber by installing anchors with a mesh, and in the second stage of mining between the sections leave tape safety pillars. Safety pillars leave 2.5-3 m wide.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 presents the development scheme of the block in the ore deposit (block is cut along the hanging side); figure 2 is a section of a block by the fall of the ore body; figure 3 is a section aa in figure 2; figure 4 is a cross section of the primary chamber; 5 is a diagram of a removable section.

An example of the method for the development of gentle and inclined powerful ore bodies

The method of developing gentle and inclined powerful ore bodies is carried out by a combined development system, which provides for the staged mining of an ore deposit with a thickness of more than 8 meters with a gentle (5-20 °) and inclined (20-50 °) bedding of the ore body, using one of the options for the chamber system development and one of the options for a system with sub-floor blasting (mechanical release).

The ore deposit section is divided into blocks with the following parameters - block width 200 meters, height 60 meters. First, prepare the operational unit. The preparation of the block is carried out from the bottom up. The preparation of the block is classic: from the field recoil drift 1 (Fig.1-2) pass block ort-race 2 under the locomotive haulage, and also pass the ring output 15 (Fig.2). The ORT-race 2 takes place in the center of the block in such a way that it divides the block into two equal wings, 100 m each (Fig. 1). When cutting the roof of the hanging side ort-race pass material walker 14 (figure 2). Then pass the block ore uprising 5 (Fig.1-2), which are knocked down with an overlying horizon, to solve the ventilation of the block. For the implementation of the second stage of processing, as well as for the delivery of self-propelled equipment to the horizon, a spiral motor vehicle exit 3 is intended for the operation of self-propelled equipment. From the motorway exit 3 there are races into the treatment chamber 6 (FIGS. 1-2) and boring delivery drifts 7 (Figs. 1-3). To transfer ore from the chambers to the haul-off horizon, ore passes 4 are passed (Fig.1-2). Drill delivery drifts 7 are designed to carry out fan drilling, blasting wells, as well as delivery of beaten ore mass to ore pass 4 at the second stage of mining.

After the block is prepared using preparatory workings, it is divided into sections according to the fall of the ore body (18.5 m horizontally). The section consists of two chambers along the strike of the first stage, called primary chambers 8, a chamber of the second stage 10, called a secondary chamber or exhaust chamber, and safety pillars 9 2.5-3 m wide. The secondary chamber consists of a tape interchamber pillar 24 and the primary bottoms cameras. The cross section of one chamber is 48 m ² . In figures 1 and 2, the chambers along the strike of the first stage 8 are marked with the number “1” inscribed in the circle, and the cameras of the second stage 10 are marked with the number “2” inscribed in the circle.

The procedure for mining ore reserves is as follows. The extraction section with ore reserves is carried out in two stages.

Block development is carried out from top to bottom. First of all, primary chambers 8 are drilled along a strike to a height of up to 8 m with one face using the Rocket Boomer L2 18 drilling rig (Fig. 1), which is drilled with bottom hole 16 for the entire cross section of the chamber 48 m ² . Then, using the charging machine "ZMK-1A" 20 (figure 1), these wells are charged and blown up. The broken rock mass is transported to the ore pass 4 by means of a loading delivery machine 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3) of the EST 3,5 or Toro brand. After cleaning the broken rock mass, the roof and the walls of the primary chambers are fixed 8 of the walls of the primary chambers and the roof over the entire chamber using the installation of steel-polymer anchors 22 (Fig. 2, Figs. 4-5) 3.5 m long with a metal or polymer mesh 23 ( 4-5), which eliminates the fall of exfoliated pieces of the roof and the walls of the chamber from a height in the working area. Preliminary fastening of the roof with anchors 22 with a mesh 23 prevents the collapse of the roof during excavation at the second stage of development. This fastening provides a stable state of the rocks of the hanging side of the ore deposit above the entire interchamber 24 (FIG. 2, FIGS. 4-5), which in turn reduces losses and dilution of the removed rock mass in the second stage of mining the section. Mesh 23 can be different - road, "chain-link", geogrid, etc. Installation of anchor fasteners 22 is carried out mechanically, using a drilling rig-anchor installer "Boltec MC / MD" 19 (figure 4). Then the cycle is repeated until the complete passage of the primary chamber, over its entire length. When practicing the primary chamber (the chamber of the first stage), it is knocked down from the overlying exhausted section by the ventilation fault 13 (Fig. 1) to discharge the outgoing air stream into the exhausted space. After working off the first primary chamber 8 in the section (Fig. 5), the second primary chamber 8 is worked out in the same section, leaving between the first primary chamber an interchamber pillar 24 (Fig. 2, Figs. 4-5), which are removed in the second working stage .

At the second stage of mining the section from the drill-delivery drift 7 (Figs. 1-3, Fig. 5), passed to the block boundary in the reverse order (from the flank to the center), mining of the section reserves limited by tape safety pillars 9 (Fig. 4- 5), the bottoms and walls of the primary chambers 8, the hanging and lying sides of the ore body. That is, the ore reserves of the secondary chambers 10, together with the soil reserves of the primary chambers 8, are mined from the drill-feed drift 7 (Figs. 1-3, Fig. 5) using a face release without collapse of the roof rocks. To do this, from a drill-delivery drift 7 using a Simba 21 fan-type drilling rig (FIG. 2), a fan of wells 12 (FIGS. 2–3, FIG. 5) are drilled in several rows from the bottom face of the cutting of the mechanical outlet 11 (FIG. 4) . Wells 12 are charged using a charging machine "ZMK-1A" 20 (figure 1) and explode. The broken rock mass is transported using a loading machine 17 (Fig. 1, Fig. 3). At the second stage of mining between sections, tape safety pillars 9 are left with a width of 2.5-3 m to enhance the stability of the roof in the working space and ensure safe working of the roof of the subsequent sections (Fig. 5).

According to the well-known literature available at the enterprise, the use of a system with sub-floor blasting (end face release) is possible only with stable roofing rocks. This version of the combined development system makes it possible to use end face production at the second stage of ore deposit development with unstable roof rocks.

Thus, the proposed method for the development of gentle and inclined powerful ore bodies provides:

- relatively low loss of ore (20 ÷ 22%) due to the fastening of the roof and the walls of the primary chambers and the roof over the entire interchamber steel-polymer anchors with a metal mesh;

- the safest working conditions through the use of self-propelled equipment and the exclusion of people in the dangerous bottom-hole zone;

- high labor productivity due to the high mechanization of all technological processes;

- the release of a significant part of the workers due to the growth of labor productivity in the face of a shortage of personnel, providing more precise control over both the treatment technology and the issues of managing rock pressure;

- reduction in the number of faces.

Claims (2)

1. A method of developing gentle and inclined powerful ore bodies, including dividing the production unit into sections for the fall of the ore body, consisting of two primary chambers along strike, a secondary chamber consisting of a tape interchamber pillar and the bottoms of the primary chambers, and a safety pillar, mining ore reserves produced in two stages, while in the first stage, primary chambers are excavated along a strike to a height of up to 8 m in one face using self-propelled equipment, and in the second stage, a reserve is excavated in the tape inter-chamber pillars and the bottoms of the primary chambers for drilling deliveries, characterized in that in the first stage of mining, when the primary chambers are drilled, the roof and the walls of the primary chambers and the roof are fixed over the entire chamber by installing anchors with a net, and at the second stage of mining between sections, leave tape safety pillars. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the safety pillars leave 2.5-3 m wide.

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