JPWO2018131095A1 - 無加圧接合用銅ペースト、接合体、及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
無加圧接合用銅ペースト、接合体、及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- JPWO2018131095A1 JPWO2018131095A1 JP2018561138A JP2018561138A JPWO2018131095A1 JP WO2018131095 A1 JPWO2018131095 A1 JP WO2018131095A1 JP 2018561138 A JP2018561138 A JP 2018561138A JP 2018561138 A JP2018561138 A JP 2018561138A JP WO2018131095 A1 JPWO2018131095 A1 JP WO2018131095A1
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- Prior art keywords
- bonding
- copper paste
- copper
- pressureless
- particles
- Prior art date
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Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/02—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape
- B23K35/0222—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by mechanical features, e.g. shape for use in soldering, brazing
- B23K35/0244—Powders, particles or spheres; Preforms made therefrom
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/05—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles
- B22F1/052—Metallic powder characterised by the size or surface area of the particles characterised by a mixture of particles of different sizes or by the particle size distribution
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- B22F1/00—Metallic powder; Treatment of metallic powder, e.g. to facilitate working or to improve properties
- B22F1/10—Metallic powder containing lubricating or binding agents; Metallic powder containing organic material
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- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
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- B22F7/00—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression
- B22F7/06—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools
- B22F7/08—Manufacture of composite layers, workpieces, or articles, comprising metallic powder, by sintering the powder, with or without compacting wherein at least one part is obtained by sintering or compression of composite workpieces or articles from parts, e.g. to form tipped tools with one or more parts not made from powder
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
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- H01L24/83—Methods for connecting semiconductor or other solid state bodies using means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected using a layer connector
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態の無加圧接合用銅ペーストは、金属粒子と、分散媒と、を含む無加圧接合用銅ペーストであって、金属粒子がサブマイクロ銅粒子及びマイクロ銅粒子を含む。
本実施形態に係る金属粒子としては、サブマイクロ銅粒子、マイクロ銅粒子、これらの銅粒子以外のその他の金属粒子等が挙げられる。
サブマイクロ銅粒子としては、250℃以上350℃以下の温度範囲で焼結性を有する銅粒子であればよい。サブマイクロ銅粒子としては、粒径が0.01μm以上0.8μm以下の銅粒子を含むものが挙げられ、例えば、体積平均粒径が0.01μm以上0.8μm以下の銅粒子の銅粒子を用いることができる。サブマイクロ銅粒子の体積平均粒径が0.01μm以上であれば、サブマイクロ銅粒子の合成コストの抑制、良好な分散性、表面処理剤の使用量の抑制といった効果が得られやすくなる。サブマイクロ銅粒子の体積平均粒径が0.8μm以下であれば、サブマイクロ銅粒子の焼結性が優れるという効果が得られやすくなる。より一層上記効果を奏するという観点から、サブマイクロ銅粒子の体積平均粒径の上限は、0.6μm以下であってもよく、0.5μm以下であってもよく、0.4μm以下であってもよい。また、サブマイクロ銅粒子の体積平均粒径の下限は、0.02μm以上であってもよく、0.05μm以上であってもよく、0.1μm以上であってもよい。サブマイクロ銅粒子の体積平均粒径としては、例えば、0.01μm以上0.5μm以下であってもよく、0.12μm以上0.8μm以下であってもよく、0.15μm以上0.8μm以下であってもよく、0.15μm以上0.6μm以下であってもよく、0.2μm以上0.5μm以下であってもよく、0.3μm以上0.45μm以下であってもよい。
マイクロ銅粒子としては、粒径が2.0μm以上50μm以下の銅粒子を用いることができ、例えば、体積平均粒径が2.0μm以上50μm以下の銅粒子を用いることができる。マイクロ銅粒子の体積平均粒径が上記範囲内であれば、無加圧接合用銅ペーストを焼結した際の体積収縮、ボイドの発生等を十分に低減でき、無加圧接合用銅ペーストを焼結させて製造される接合体の接合強度を確保することが容易となり、無加圧接合用銅ペーストを半導体素子の接合に用いる場合は半導体装置が良好なダイシェア強度及び接続信頼性を示す傾向にある。より一層上記効果を奏するという観点から、マイクロ銅粒子の体積平均粒径は、2μm以上20μm以下であってもよく、2μm以上10μm以下であってもよく、3μm以上20μm以下であってもよく、3μm以上10μm以下であってもよい。
金属粒子としては、サブマイクロ銅粒子及びマイクロ銅粒子以外のその他の金属粒子を含んでいてもよく、例えば、銅ナノ粒子、ニッケル、銀、金、パラジウム、白金等の粒子を含んでいてもよい。銅粒子以外のその他の金属粒子は、体積平均粒径が0.01μm以上10μm以下であってもよく、0.01μm以上5μm以下であってもよく、0.05μm以上3μm以下であってもよい。その他の金属粒子を含んでいる場合、その含有量は、充分な接合性を得るという観点から、金属粒子の全質量を基準として、20質量%未満であってもよく、10質量%以下であってもよい。その他の金属粒子は、含まれなくてもよい。その他の金属粒子の形状は、特に限定されるものではない。
分散媒は、300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒を含む。無加圧接合用銅ペーストの焼結時において、焼結及び緻密化を妨げず、接合温度に達した際に速やかに蒸発・除去されるという観点から、300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒の沸点としては、300℃以上450℃以下であってもよく、305℃以上400℃以下であってもよく、310℃以上380℃以上であってもよい。
公開文献:「HANSEN SOLUBILITY PARAMETERS:A USER’S HANDBOOK」(CRC Press,1999)
無加圧接合用銅ペーストには、必要に応じて、ノニオン系界面活性剤、フッ素系界面活性剤等の濡れ向上剤;シリコーン油等の消泡剤;無機イオン交換体等のイオントラップ剤等を適宜添加してもよい。
無加圧接合用銅ペーストは、上述のサブマイクロ銅粒子、マイクロ銅粒子、その他の金属粒子及び任意の添加剤を、分散媒である300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒に混合して調製することができる。各成分の混合後に、撹拌処理を行ってもよい。無加圧接合用銅ペーストは、分級操作により分散液の最大粒径を調整してもよい。このとき、分散液の最大粒径は20μm以下とすることができ、10μm以下とすることもできる。
以下、図面を参照しながら好適な実施形態について詳細に説明する。なお、図面中、同一又は相当部分には同一符号を付し、重複する説明は省略する。また、図面の寸法比率は、図示の比率に限られるものではない。
(無加圧接合用銅ペーストの調製)
サブマイクロ銅粒子としてCH−0200(50%体積平均粒径 0.36μm、三井金属社製)を15.84g(52.8質量%)、300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒としてイソボルニルシクロヘキサノール(沸点308℃、以下、MTPHと略す)を3.6g(12質量%)秤量し、自動乳鉢で5分間混合した。さらにこの混合物を、超音波ホモジナイザー(US−600、日本精機製社製)により19.6kHz、600Wで10分間分散処理を行った。
磁性るつぼに無加圧接合用銅ペーストを取り、磁性るつぼの風袋重量と無加圧接合用銅ペーストを入れた磁性るつぼの重量の差から、無加圧接合用銅ペーストの重量を得た。600℃に加熱したマッフル炉に、無加圧接合用銅ペーストを入れた磁性るつぼを設置し、1時間処理した。処理後のるつぼ重量と磁性るつぼの風袋重量の差から、無加圧接合用銅ペーストの不揮発分の重量を得た。無加圧接合用銅ペーストの固形分(質量%)は以下の式から算出した。
無加圧接合用銅ペーストの固形分(質量%)={(無加圧接合用銅ペーストの不揮発分の重量)/(加熱前の無加圧接合用銅ペーストの重量)}×100
室温(25℃)から300℃まで昇温したときにおける、無加圧接合用銅ペースト中に残存する分散媒の割合(残溶媒割合)を計測した。銅板及びチップの質量を計測後、銅板上に無加圧接合用銅ペーストを印刷し、その上にチップを搭載し、積層体を得た。この段階で積層体の質量を計測した。積層体を窒素下のオーブンで25℃から300℃まで30分で昇温した後、積層体を取り出し、真鍮ブロック上で急速冷却した。冷却後の積層体の質量を測定し、300℃到達時の質量とした。300℃到達時の残溶媒割合を以下の式から算出した。
(Siチップを用いた接合サンプル)
3×3mm2の正方形の開口を有する厚さ75μmのステンレスマスクとスキージを用いて、無加圧接合用銅ペーストを、サイズ25×20×厚さ3mmの銅板上にステンシル印刷した。無加圧接合用銅ペーストの印刷物上に、厚さ400μm、サイズ3×3mmの接合面全面にチタン/ニッケルがこの順でスパッタされたSiチップ(被着面ニッケル)をニッケル面が無加圧接合用銅ペースト組成物に接するように置き、チップをピンセットで軽く押さえてニッケル面と無加圧接合用銅ペーストを密着させた。これを管状炉に設置し、内部をアルゴンガス置換し、その後水素を導入して昇温30分、300℃、10分の条件で焼結した。その後、水素を止め、アルゴン気流下で50℃以下まで冷却し、空気中に接合サンプルを取り出した。
厚さ250μm、サイズ2×2mmの全面にニッケルがめっきされたCu板(被着面ニッケル)を用いた以外は上記と同様にして接合サンプルを作製した。
ダイシェア強度サンプルの接合強度は、ダイシェア強度により評価した。接合サンプルを、DS−100ロードセルを装着した万能型ボンドテスタ(4000シリーズ、デイジ・ジャパン株式会社製)を用い、測定スピード5mm/min、測定高さ50μmでSiチップ、又はCu板を水平方向に押し、ダイシェア強度を測定した。ダイシェア強度20MPa以上を接合良好とした。
イソボルニルシクロヘキサノールを用いず、α−テルピネオール(沸点220℃)を9.0質量部用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして無加圧接合用銅ペーストを得た。この無加圧接合用銅ペーストを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてダイシェア強度を測定した。結果を表1に示す。
(銅ペースト組成物の調製)
300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒としてイソボルニルシクロヘキサノール(沸点308℃、以下、MTPHと略す)、その他の溶媒としてα−テルピネオール(沸点220℃)を表2の割合に従って混合した。そこに、マイクロ銅粒子としてMA−C025KFD(50%体積平均粒径5μm、三井金属社製)を10.56g(35.2質量%)、サブマイクロ銅粒子としてCH−0200(50%体積平均粒径0.36μm、三井金属社製)を15.84g(52.8質量%)を秤量し、自動乳鉢で5分間混合した。混合物をポリ瓶に移した後、2000rpm、2分間、減圧の条件でシンキー社製攪拌機(あわとり練太郎 ARE−310)にかけて無加圧接合用銅ペースト組成物を得た。
実施例1と同様にしてサイズ3×3mmの接合面全面にチタン/ニッケルがこの順でスパッタされたSiチップを用いた接合サンプル(Si)を作製した。さらにサイズ2×2mmの全面にニッケルがめっきされた銅板を用いて,実施例1と同様にして接合した接合サンプル(銅板)を作製した。それぞれの接合サンプルに対し、ダイシェア強度を実施例1と同様にして測定した。表2及び図5に結果を示す。
300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒としてトリブチリン(沸点310℃)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして無加圧接合用銅ペーストを調製した。この無加圧接合用銅ペーストを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてサイズ3×3mmの接合面全面にチタン/ニッケルがこの順でスパッタされたSiチップを用いた接合サンプル(Si)を作製し、ダイシェア強度を測定した。その結果、ダイシェア強度は20MPaと良好な値を示した。
300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒としてファインオキソコール180(イソオクタデカノール、沸点302℃、日産化学工業社製)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして無加圧接合用銅ペーストを調製した。この無加圧接合用銅ペーストを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてサイズ3×3mmの接合面全面にチタン/ニッケルがこの順でスパッタされたSiチップを用いた接合サンプル(Si)を作製し、ダイシェア強度を測定した。その結果、ダイシェア強度は23MPaと良好な値を示した。
300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒としてステアリン酸ブチル(沸点343℃)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして無加圧接合用銅ペーストを調製した。この無加圧接合用銅ペーストを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてサイズ3×3mmの接合面全面にチタン/ニッケルがこの順でスパッタされたSiチップを用いた接合サンプル(Si)を作製し、ダイシェア強度を測定した。その結果、ダイシェア強度は25MPaと良好な値を示した。
300℃以上の沸点を有する溶剤組成物としてオクタン酸オクチル(沸点311℃)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして無加圧接合用銅ペーストを調製した。この無加圧接合用銅ペーストを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてサイズ3×3mmの接合面全面にチタン/ニッケルがこの順でスパッタされたSiチップを用いた接合サンプル(Si)を作製し、ダイシェア強度を測定した。その結果、ダイシェア強度は26MPaと良好な値を示した。
分散媒としてジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル(沸点230℃、以下DEGBEと略す)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして無加圧接合用銅ペーストを調製した。この無加圧接合用銅ペーストを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてサイズ3×3mmの接合面全面にチタン/ニッケルがこの順でスパッタされたSiチップを用いた接合サンプル(Si)を作製し、ダイシェア強度を測定した。その結果、ダイシェア強度は6MPaであり、接続不良と判断した。
分散媒としてジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート(沸点247℃、以下BDGACと略す)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして無加圧接合用銅ペーストを調製した。この無加圧接合用銅ペーストを用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてサイズ3×3mmの接合面全面にチタン/ニッケルがこの順でスパッタされたSiチップを用いた接合サンプル(Si)を作製し、ダイシェア強度を測定した。その結果、ダイシェア強度は5MPaであり、接続不良と判断した。
Claims (8)
- 金属粒子と、分散媒と、を含む無加圧接合用銅ペーストであって、
前記金属粒子が、体積平均粒径が0.01μm以上0.8μm以下のサブマイクロ銅粒子と、体積平均粒径が2.0μm以上50μm以下のマイクロ銅粒子とを含み、
前記分散媒が300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒を含み、前記300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒の含有量が、前記無加圧接合用銅ペーストの全質量を基準として、2質量%以上である、無加圧接合用銅ペースト。 - 金属粒子と、分散媒と、を含む無加圧接合用銅ペーストであって、
前記金属粒子が、体積平均粒径が0.01μm以上0.8μm以下のサブマイクロ銅粒子と、体積平均粒径が2.0μm以上50μm以下のマイクロ銅粒子とを含み、
前記分散媒が300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒を含み、前記300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒の含有量が、前記無加圧接合用銅ペーストの全容量を基準として、8体積%以上である、無加圧接合用銅ペースト。 - 前記300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒が、ヒドロキシ基、エーテル基、及びエステル基からなる群から選択された少なくとも一種の基を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の無加圧接合用銅ペースト。
- 2つの部材間に存在する無加圧接合用銅ペーストを250℃以上350℃未満の温度で加熱したときに、前記マイクロ銅粒子及び前記サブマイクロ銅粒子が焼結して金属結合を形成し、前記2つの部材間がダイシェア強度10MPa以上、熱伝導率100W/(m・K)以上で接合される、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載の無加圧接合用銅ペースト。
- 25℃から300℃まで昇温させたときに残存する前記300℃以上の沸点を有する溶媒の含有量が、300℃まで昇温させたときの無加圧接合用銅ペーストの質量を基準として、1質量%以上である、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載の無加圧接合用銅ペースト。
- 第一の部材と、前記第一の部材とは異なる熱膨張率を有する第二の部材と、前記第一の部材と前記第二の部材とを接合する請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の無加圧接合用銅ペーストの焼結体と、を備える、接合体。
- 第一の部材、該第一の部材の自重が働く方向側に、請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の無加圧接合用銅ペースト、及び前記第一の部材とは異なる熱膨張率を有する第二の部材がこの順に積層されている積層体を用意し、前記無加圧接合用銅ペーストを、前記第一の部材の自重、又は前記第一の部材の自重及び0.01MPa以下の圧力を受けた状態で焼結する工程を備える、接合体の製造方法。
- 第一の部材と、前記第一の部材とは異なる熱膨張率を有する第二の部材と、前記第一の部材と前記第二の部材とを接合する請求項1〜5のいずれか一項に記載の無加圧接合用銅ペーストの焼結体と、を備え、
前記第一の部材及び前記第二の部材の少なくとも一方が半導体素子である、半導体装置。
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JP6988831B2 (ja) | 2022-01-05 |
US11532588B2 (en) | 2022-12-20 |
KR102687424B1 (ko) | 2024-07-22 |
EP3569329A4 (en) | 2020-08-05 |
WO2018131095A1 (ja) | 2018-07-19 |
MY195254A (en) | 2023-01-11 |
US20210143121A1 (en) | 2021-05-13 |
US20190355690A1 (en) | 2019-11-21 |
EP3569329B1 (en) | 2023-11-01 |
SG11201906411TA (en) | 2019-08-27 |
KR20190105610A (ko) | 2019-09-17 |
EP3569329A1 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
US10930612B2 (en) | 2021-02-23 |
CN110167695A (zh) | 2019-08-23 |
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