JPH09211010A - Electrophyiological characteristic measuring device - Google Patents

Abstract

PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To enable microscopic observation or the measurement of electrophysiological characteristics with high position resolving power by integrally analyzing local image data obtained by a scanning type proximity field optical microscope part and electrophysiological characteristic data obtained by a patch clamp measuring part. SOLUTION: An optical microscope part 100 observes the wide area image of a sample 900. Then, the local image of the sample 900 is observed by a scanning type proximity field optical microscope part 300 while the sample is scanned by a glass micropipette electrode outputting evanescent light from the fine aperture of the leading end thereof. An electrode height setting part 400 sets the leading end of a glass micropipette electrode 200 to the distance within 200mm from the surface of the sample 900 and a current is led out through the glass micropipette electrode 200 by a patch clamp measuring part 500 to be recorded. These phsycological data are collected and analyzed to be recorded and the whole of the apparatus is controlled by an analysis control part 600.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to an electrophysiological characteristic measuring device for simultaneously performing electrophysiological measurement and recording of cells and the like and near-field microscopic observation.

[0002]

In observing the characteristics of living cells, attention has been paid to the observation of electrophysiological characteristics in addition to the conventional morphological observation using an optical microscope.

As a device for complex microscopic observation in which the electrophysiological characteristic measurement recording method typified by the patch clamp method and the optical microscopic observation method are combined, a video of a differential interference microscope and an image enhancing apparatus accompanying it are used. A multi-measurement microscope incorporating a laser tweezers and a patch clamp current measuring device in a video-enhanced differential interference microscope for observation and recording has been proposed (Tatsumi et al., Proceedings of the 2nd Research Symposium of the Near Field Optics Research Group, pp75- 80, 1994
November).

In this multi-measurement microscope apparatus, a water immersion type objective lens having a large numerical aperture is used as the first objective lens for collecting the incident illumination light and irradiating it onto the sample. And enables Ar
-The light of wavelength = 643 nm output from the Kr laser light source is introduced into the optical path of epi-fluorescence, and is collected by the second objective lens having a large numerical aperture, which is installed to face the first objective lens with the sample in between. The sample is illuminated with light to perform the laser tweezers function.

In this apparatus, the patch electrode is brought close to the sample under an optical microscope using an ordinary lens optical system, and then an electric signal generated according to a pulse electric signal given from the electrode is detected by the electrode. The patch electrode is brought into contact with the sample surface by using the amplitude of the detected electric signal as an index. After that, the inside of the patch electrode is set to a negative pressure, and the film of the sample is drawn into the electrode to form a gigaohm (GΩ) seal.

In this way, in this apparatus, the optical image of the cell membrane is captured by the video enhanced differential interference microscope, and the change in the biomembrane current when the laser tweezers function is turned on / off is observed.

[0007]

In complex observation, which is a fusion of electrophysiological characteristic measurement represented by the patch clamp method and optical microscopic observation, information on electrophysiological characteristic from a very small area that is precisely defined is selected. It is a condition that the property is acquired and acquired.

In response to this condition, in the conventional patch clamp device, (i) the patch electrode is operated to approach the film of the sample by operating the micromanipulator using the amplitude of the detected electric signal and the optical microscope image as an index. Therefore, the amplitude of the electrical signal does not change after contact, and it is difficult to observe the electrode tip precisely even under optical microscope observation.
In many cases, the position of the electrode is advanced too much and the sample is damaged.

Further, in a conventional device using laser tweezers as an optical probe, (ii) laser tweezers are used to introduce laser light into the optical path of epifluorescence, focus it with an objective lens having a large numerical aperture, and irradiate a sample. There has been a problem that the region where light acts is not limited to the direction of the optical axis of the irradiation light.

The present invention has been made in view of the above, and provides an electrophysiological characteristic measuring device capable of forming a GΩ seal easily and reliably and capable of microscopic observation and electrophysiological characteristic measurement with high position resolution. The purpose is to provide.

[0011]

An electrophysiological characteristic measuring apparatus according to claim 1 has: (a) an optical microscope section for observing a wide area image of a sample; A reflective film and an insulating film are formed, an electrode liquid is stored in the internal space, and when light having a wavelength longer than the diameter of the minute opening is introduced from the opening at the rear end, evanescent light is output from the minute opening. Glass micropipette electrode, (c)
Equipped with a light irradiation unit that generates irradiation light, while moving the glass micropipette electrode, irradiate the sample with evanescent light through the glass micropipette electrode, and a scanning near-field optical microscope unit that observes a local image of the sample. , (D) The distance between the glass micropipette electrode and the sample is 200n.
A voltage is applied through an electrode height setting means to be brought close to m or less and (e) a glass micropipette electrode, and the resulting current is detected, and a single living cell or biological membrane in a sample A patch clamp measurement unit for deriving and recording the electric current across the biological membrane from the region via the electrode liquid, (f) a local image of the sample obtained from the scanning near field optical microscope unit, and a scanning near field optical microscope The electrophysiological information obtained from the patch clamp measurement unit is collected, recorded and analyzed for each light irradiation position of each part, and an analysis control unit for controlling the entire apparatus is provided.

Here, the patch clamp measuring unit is (i)
A preamplifier that inputs a current signal that crosses a biological membrane, which is a bioelectric signal detected by a glass micropipette electrode, converts it into a voltage signal, amplifies and outputs it, and (ii) by an instruction from an analysis control unit, Measurement of seal resistance, fixed membrane potential,
Alternatively, an electric signal generator that outputs a command signal for fixing the membrane current and (iii) the voltage signal output from the preamplifier is input, amplified, processed, and output to the analysis control unit, and at the same time, the electric signal. It may be characterized by further comprising a main amplifier which receives the command signal output from the generator, performs arithmetic processing, and outputs the processed signal to the preamplifier.

Further, as the electrode height setting means, the resonance phase detection method adopted in the shear force non-contact atomic force microscope can be preferably adopted.

Further, in the optical microscope section, a Hoffman modulation system, a phase contrast microscope or a differential interference microscope capable of enhancing contrast can be preferably used.

The light irradiator may be provided with a tunable laser, and (i) a white light source and (i)
i) a spectroscope for spectrally outputting the white light output from the white light source, and (iii) an optical selector for selecting and outputting light of a specific wavelength from all wavelength components of the light output from the spectroscope. May be provided.

In the electrophysiological property measuring apparatus of the first aspect, first, a wide area image of the sample is obtained by the optical microscope section. Based on the thus obtained wide area image of the sample, the glass micropipette electrode is moved to a position on a biological sample such as a cell which is an object of morphological observation. Subsequently, the tip of the glass micropipette electrode is brought close to the initial position, which is the near-field region of the sample surface. In moving the glass micropipette electrode to the near field region, a system such as a non-contact scanning microscope mode or a shear force non-contact scanning microscope mode can be preferably used.

Thus, the geometric preparation for the morphological observation of the sample by the near-field microscopic observation is completed, and the morphological observation is started.

First, the irradiation light generated by the light irradiation unit is irradiated through the glass micropipette electrode set at the initial position. Here, the irradiation light irradiated to the sample through the glass micropipette electrode is evanescent light which is non-emission light and does not use a lens for image formation, so that it is not restricted by the diffraction of the lens aperture. The position resolution is determined only by the opening diameter of the tip of the glass micropipette electrode. As a result, if the diameter of the tip of the glass micropipette electrode is set to several hundred nm and the distance between the glass micropipette electrode and the sample is set to several hundred nm or less, which is a near-field region, a fraction of the irradiation light wavelength With a resolution of one-half, it is possible to observe the fine shape and structure of the sample, or the optical characteristics in a minute region. The local image of the sample thus observed is notified to the analysis control unit.

The analysis control unit collects the local image information of the sample notified from the scanning near-field optical microscope unit and the electrophysiological characteristic information notified from the patch clamp measurement unit, and stores it together with the initial position information.

Next, the analysis control unit instructs the scanning near-field optical microscope unit to perform scanning. Then, local image information of the sample is collected for each scanning position and stored together with the scanning position information.

In order to secure the scanning in the near-field region in scanning, a method such as constant height mode control, non-contact scanning microscope mode control, or shear force non-contact scanning microscope mode control is suitable. Can be used.

After the completion of scanning, information collection, and information storage, the analysis control unit is based on the stored information, and the analysis control unit is
The optical image information of the entire scanning area of the sample is analyzed, and the microscopic observation image is reconstructed for display and recording. As a result, the morphology of the sample can be observed with a higher spatial resolution as compared with the morphological observation with a normal optical microscope.

Further, the wavelength of the irradiation light is changed, and the scanning, information collection and information storage are performed for each wavelength in the same manner as described above, the optical image information of the entire scanning region of the sample is analyzed, and the microscopic observation image is obtained. Is reconfigured and displayed and recorded. As a result, it is possible to observe a multidimensional sample according to the wavelength of the irradiation light.

Next, based on the above-mentioned microscopic observation image, the glass micropipette electrode is moved above the electrophysiological measurement point by using the scanning means of the near-field microscope section.

Then, the electrode height setting means is used to bring the glass micropipette electrode close to the sample surface. At the same time, a voltage is applied through the glass micropipette electrode and the resulting current is monitored.

Then, the approach operation is stopped on the condition that the electrode height setting means determines that the distance is within 200 nm and that the monitor current is sufficiently small.

As a result, the distance from the surface of the sample is 200
The tip of the glass micropipette electrode is reliably set to a height that is not more than nm and does not damage the sample.

Next, a negative pressure is applied to the inside of the electrode to draw the sample film into the electrode to form a GΩ seal, and the electrolytic solution is introduced into the electrode. Since an insulating film is formed on the outer periphery of the glass micropipette electrode, a gigaohm (G
Ω) The seal is reliably formed.

Thus, the geometric preparation for electrophysiological observation of the sample is completed. Then, a current that crosses the biological membrane from a single living cell in the sample or a minute area of the biological membrane is derived at the patch clamp measurement unit via the electrode liquid, and converted to a voltage signal or amplified to perform analysis control. Notify the department. The analysis control unit collects, records, and analyzes the electrophysiological information notified from the patch clamp measurement unit.

Further, when the irradiation light generated by the light irradiation unit is irradiated through the glass micropipette electrode, the current flowing across the biological membrane due to the electrophysiological change in the sample generated by the irradiation of the light is the glass micropipette electrode. The measurement result is notified to the analysis control unit.

The analysis control unit collects the electrophysiological characteristic information notified from the patch clamp measuring unit in addition to the local image information of the sample notified from the scanning near-field optical microscope unit, and the electrophysiological measurement point information. Store with.

Further, the wavelength of the irradiation light is changed to collect and store information for each wavelength, and the electrophysiological characteristic information corresponding to the light irradiation position of the sample is analyzed to obtain a microscopic observation image and bioelectricity. Correspond to the reaction and reconfigure to display and record. As a result, it is possible to observe a multidimensional sample according to the wavelength of the irradiation light.

[0033]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the optical probe microscope apparatus of the present invention will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. In the description of the drawings, the same elements will be denoted by the same reference symbols, without redundant description.

FIG. 1 is an overall configuration diagram of the electrophysiological characteristic measuring device of the present invention. This device is a device that obtains an optical image of a sample with a high position resolution by a near-field microscope function and measures changes in electrophysiological properties due to optical stimulation by a patch clamp measurement function.

As shown in FIG. 1, this apparatus comprises (a) an optical microscope section 100 for observing a wide area image of a sample 900;
(B) A micro-opening is formed at the tip, a light-reflecting film and an insulating film are formed on the outer periphery, and an electrode liquid is stored in the internal space, so that light with a wavelength longer than the diameter of the micro-opening is emitted from the rear-end opening. When introduced, the glass micropipette electrode 200 that outputs evanescent light from the minute opening and the variable wavelength light irradiation unit 310 that generates (c) irradiation light are provided, and the glass micropipette electrode 200 is moved while the glass micropipette electrode 200 is being moved. Evanescent light is transmitted through the electrode 200 to the sample 9
00, and the scanning near-field optical microscope unit 300 for observing a local image of the sample 900, and (d) the distance between the glass micropipette electrode 200 and the sample 900 is 200 nm.
A voltage is applied through the electrode height setting unit 400 and the glass micropipette electrode 200 (e), which are brought close to each other as described below, and the resulting current is detected, and at the same time, a single living cell or biological membrane in the sample is minute. A patch clamp measurement unit 500 for deriving and recording a current across a biological membrane from a different region via an electrode solution, (f) a local image of a sample 900 obtained from a scanning near-field optical microscope unit 200, and a scanning type An electrophysiological information obtained from the patch clamp measurement unit 500 for each irradiation of light from the near-field optical microscope unit 300 is collected, recorded, and analyzed, and an analysis control unit 600 that controls the entire apparatus is provided. Then, the water-immersed sample 900 stored in the container 700 is observed.

In the optical microscope section 100, a Hoffman condenser, a phase contrast microscope, or a differential interference microscope can be preferably used.

The glass micropipette electrode 200 has an opening with a diameter of about several hundred nm at the tip.

The scanning near-field optical microscope unit 300 is
(I) Wavelength variable light irradiation unit 310, and (ii) Imaging unit that captures an optical image generated by irradiation of the irradiation light output from the wavelength variable light irradiation unit 310 onto the sample 900 via the glass micropipette electrode 200. 320, and (iii) the scanning unit 33 that moves the position of the glass micropipette electrode 200.
0.

FIG. 2 is a block diagram of the variable wavelength light irradiation section 310. FIG. 2A shows a wavelength tunable light source, and an analysis control unit 6
00 shows a case in which the wavelength tunable laser 312 that outputs the light of the wavelength instructed from 00 is used, and FIG. 3B shows the wavelength tunable light source as (i) white light source 313 and (ii) white light source 313. Spectroscope 3 for spectrally outputting the white light output from the
14 and (iii) a movable slit 315 that selects and outputs the light of the wavelength instructed by the analysis control unit from the light output from the spectroscope 314.

The image pickup section 320 includes (i) an objective lens 321 that collects light from the sample, (ii) an image forming optical system 322 that forms an image of the light through the objective lens 321, and (iii) an image forming surface. And an image pickup device 323 having a light receiving surface.

In the electrode height setting section 400, the resonance phase detection method adopted in the shear force non-contact atomic force microscope is adopted.

The patch clamp measuring section 500 (i) inputs a current signal which is a bioelectric signal detected by a glass micropipette electrode and which crosses a biological membrane, converts it into a voltage signal, and amplifies and outputs it. 520, (ii) an electric signal generator 530 that outputs a command signal related to the measurement of the seal resistance, the membrane potential fixation, or the membrane current fixation according to an instruction from the analysis control unit 600, and (iii) the preamplifier 52.
The voltage signal output from 0 is input, amplified, processed, and output to the analysis control unit, and the command signal output from the electric signal generation device is input, arithmetic processing is performed, and the preamplifier 520 is input. And a main amplifier 540 that outputs the signal to the main amplifier.

In the electrophysiological characteristic measuring apparatus of this embodiment,
First, a wide area image of the sample 900 is obtained by the optical microscope unit 100. Based on the wide area image of the sample 900 thus obtained,
The glass micropipette electrode 200 is moved to a position on the biological sample 900 such as a cell whose shape is to be observed. Subsequently, the tip of the glass micropipette electrode 200 is brought close to the initial position which is the near-field region on the sample surface. In moving the glass micropipette electrode 200 to the near field region, a method such as a non-contact scanning microscope mode or a shear force non-contact scanning microscope mode can be preferably used.

Thus, the geometric preparation for the morphological observation of the sample by the near-field microscopic observation is completed, and the morphological observation is started (see FIG. 3).

First, the irradiation light generated by the light irradiation unit 310 is set at the initial position of the glass micropipette electrode 20.
Irradiate through 0. Here, the irradiation light with which the sample is irradiated through the glass micropipette electrode 200 is evanescent light that is non-emission light, and since a lens for image formation is not used, there is a limit of diffraction due to the aperture of the lens. Instead, the positional resolution is determined only by the opening diameter of the tip of the glass micropipette electrode 200. As a result, the diameter of the tip of the glass micropipette electrode is set to about several 100 nm,
If the distance between the glass micropipette electrode and the sample is set to several hundred nm or less, which is a near-field region, the fine shape and structure of the sample 900 can be obtained with a resolution of several 1 to several tens of the wavelength of irradiation light. Alternatively, the optical characteristics in the micro area can be imaged and observed by the imaging unit 320. The local image of the sample thus observed is notified to the analysis control unit 600.

The analysis control unit 600 collects the local image information of the sample 900 notified from the scanning near-field optical microscope unit 200 and stores it together with the initial position information.

Next, the analysis control section 600 instructs the scanning near-field optical microscope section 300 to perform scanning. Then, local image information of the sample 900 is collected for each scanning position and stored together with the scanning position information.

In order to secure the scanning in the near field region, a method such as constant height mode control, non-contact scanning type microscope mode control, or shear force non-contact scanning type microscope mode control is suitable for scanning. Can be used.

After the completion of scanning, information collection, and information storage, the analysis control unit 600 analyzes the optical image information of the entire scanning region of the sample based on the stored information, and reconstructs the microscopic observation image. Configure and display and record. As a result, the morphology of the sample 900 can be observed with a higher spatial resolution than the morphology observation with a normal optical microscope.

Further, the wavelength of the irradiation light is changed, and the scanning, information collection and information storage are performed for each wavelength in the same manner as described above, the optical image information of the entire scanning region of the sample 900 is analyzed, and microscopic observation is performed. Images are reconstructed for display and recording. As a result, it is possible to observe a multidimensional sample according to the wavelength of the irradiation light.

Next, based on the above-mentioned microscopic observation image, the glass micropipette electrode 200 is mounted on the near-field microscope section 200.
The scanning means is used to move above the electrophysiological measurement point.

Next, using the electrode height setting unit 400,
The glass micropipette electrode 200 is brought close to the sample surface. At the same time, a voltage is applied through the glass micropipette electrode 200 and the resulting current is monitored.

Then, the approach operation is stopped on the condition that the electrode height setting unit determines that the distance is within 200 nm and that the monitor current is sufficiently small.

As a result, the distance from the surface of the sample 900 is 200 nm or less, and the tip of the glass micropipette electrode 200 is reliably set to a height that does not damage the sample (see FIG. 4).

Next, the inside of the electrode 200 is made a negative pressure, and the sample 9
The 00 film is pulled into the electrode to form a GΩ seal (see FIG. 5). At this time, in order to electrically monitor the process up to the formation of the GΩ seal, command pulses for measuring the seal resistance value, fixing the membrane potential and fixing the membrane current are output to the preamplifier 520 via the main amplifier 540. for,
The pulse generator 5 under the control of the analysis control unit 600
Use 30. The glass micropipette electrode 20
Since the insulating film is formed on the outer periphery of 0, a gigaohm (GΩ) seal is reliably formed.

Thus, the geometric preparation for the electrophysiological observation of the sample 900 is completed. And sample 9
A current crossing the biological membrane from a single living cell in 00 or a minute region of the biological membrane is derived from the micropipette electrode 200 and measured by the patch clamp measurement unit, and the measurement result is notified to the analysis control unit 600. Note that the patch electrode 310
The current / potential derived in step S4 is converted into a voltage signal by the current / voltage converter in the preamplifier 520, but since it is a minute signal, it passes through the main amplifier 540 that performs processing such as amplification, calculation, and reduction of current noise. The analysis control unit 600 is notified.

The analysis control unit 600 collects the electrophysiological information notified from the patch clamp measurement unit 500,
Record and analyze.

When the irradiation light generated by the light irradiation unit 310 is irradiated through the glass micropipette electrode 200, the current across the biological membrane caused by the electrophysiological changes in the sample generated by the irradiation of light is The result is derived from the pipette electrode 200, measured by the patch clamp measurement unit, and the measurement result is notified to the analysis control unit 600 (see FIG. 6).

The analysis control section 600 collects the electrophysiological characteristic information notified from the patch clamp measurement section 500 in addition to the local image information of the sample 900 notified from the scanning near-field optical microscope section 200, and It is stored together with physiological measurement point information and irradiation light information (irradiation light intensity).

Further, the wavelength of the irradiation light is changed to collect and store the information for each wavelength, and the electrophysiological characteristic information according to the light irradiation position of the sample 900 is analyzed to obtain a microscopic observation image and a living body. Corresponding to the electric reaction, it is reconfigured and displayed and recorded. As a result, it is possible to observe a multidimensional sample according to the wavelength of the irradiation light.

By collecting information over time using the apparatus of this embodiment, it is possible to observe over time the changes in the electrophysiological characteristics of the sample 900 that occur in response to the irradiation light.

[0062]

As described in detail above, according to the electrophysiological property measuring apparatus of the present invention, an optical microscope observation is performed by the scanning near-field optical microscope unit, which is essential for the scanning near-field optical microscope function. Electrophysiological changes caused by light irradiation to a microscopic area by a glass micropipette electrode with a microaperture are measured by the patch clamp measurement unit via this glass micropipette electrode, and both information are integrated by the analysis control unit. With such a configuration, it is possible to observe changes in the optical aspect of the sample and the electrophysiological aspect depending on the photostimulation position with high positional resolution.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a configuration diagram of an electrophysiological characteristic measuring device according to a first embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a configuration diagram of a wavelength variable light irradiation unit.

FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram of a geometrical arrangement in the vicinity of a sample at the time of near-field microscopic observation.

FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of a geometrical arrangement in the vicinity of a sample immediately before formation of a GΩ seal.

FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram of a geometrical arrangement in the vicinity of a sample after forming a GΩ seal.

FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram of the vicinity of a sample when measuring electrophysiological characteristics.

[Explanation of symbols]

100 ... Optical microscope section, 200 ... Glass micropipette electrode, 300 ... Scanning near-field optical microscope section, 310 ...
Wavelength variable light irradiator, 311 ... Wavelength variable laser, 312 ...
White light source, 313 ... Spectrometer, 314 ... Slit, 400
… Electrode height setting unit, 500… Patch clamp measuring unit, 5
10 ... Micromanipulator, 520 ... Preamplifier,
530 ... Pulse generator, 540 ... Main amplifier, 60
0 ... Analysis control unit.

Claims (6)

[Claims] 1. An optical microscope section for observing a wide area image of a sample, a micro-opening at the tip, a light-reflecting film and an insulating film are formed on the outer periphery, and an electrode solution is housed in an internal space. The glass micropipette includes a glass micropipette electrode that outputs evanescent light from the microaperture when light with a wavelength longer than the diameter of the microaperture is introduced from the end opening, and a light irradiation unit that generates irradiation light. While moving the electrode, irradiate the sample with evanescent light through the glass micropipette electrode, a scanning near-field optical microscope section for observing a local image of the sample, and between the glass micropipette electrode and the sample Of electrode height setting means for bringing the distance between the electrodes to 200 nm or less and a voltage is applied through the glass micropipette electrode, and the resulting current is detected. In addition, a patch clamp measuring unit for recording and recording a current across a biological membrane from a single living cell in the sample or a minute area of the biological membrane via the electrode solution, and the scanning near-field optical microscope. Local image of the sample obtained from the section, and the electrophysiological information obtained from the patch clamp measurement unit for each irradiation position of light of the scanning near-field optical microscope unit is collected, recorded, and analyzed. In addition, an electrophysiological characteristic measurement device comprising: an analysis control unit that controls the entire device. 2. The patch clamp measuring unit receives a bioelectric signal detected by the glass micropipette electrode, that is, a current signal that crosses the biological membrane, converts the signal into a voltage signal, amplifies and outputs the signal. An amplifier and a seal resistance measurement by an instruction from the analysis control unit,
An electric signal generator that outputs a command signal related to membrane potential fixation or membrane current fixation, and a voltage signal output from the preamplifier is input, amplified, processed, and output toward the analysis control unit. 2. The electrophysiological characteristic measurement according to claim 1, further comprising: a main amplifier that receives the command signal output from the electrical signal generator, performs an arithmetic process on the command signal, and outputs the processed signal toward the preamplifier. apparatus. 3. The electrophysiological characteristic measuring device according to claim 1, wherein the electrode height setting means uses a resonance phase detection method. 4. The optical microscope unit comprises any one of a Hoffman modulation system, a phase contrast microscope, and a differential interference microscope.
The electrophysiological property measuring device described. 5. The electrophysiological characteristic measurement device according to claim 1, wherein the light irradiation unit includes a variable wavelength laser. 6. The light irradiating section has a specific wavelength from among a white light source, a spectroscope for spectrally outputting the white light output from the white light source, and all wavelength components of the light output from the spectroscope. An electrophysiological characteristic measuring device according to claim 1, further comprising: a light selector that selects and outputs the light.