JPH08277544A - Soil excavator - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve operating efficiency by providing a feed path for feeding exhaust from a prime mover and compressed air from a compressed air blower to a soil crushing unit as pressure gases and a flow path for flowing the exhaust and the compressed air from a soil suction unit. CONSTITUTION: A prime mover 30, a compression air blower 60, a feed path 40 for feeding exhaust from the prime mover 30 and compressed air from the compression air blower 60 to a soil crushing unit 10 as pressure gases, and a flow path flowing the intake air of the compression air blower 60 from a soil suction unit 20 as the source of vacuum suction force are provided. A crushing blade for the unit 10 conducts a revolving motion while using the pressure gases as driving sources, the pressure gases are blown off towards soil in the lower section of the crushing blade while employing the pressure gases as blow-off sources, soil is crushed efficiently, and the soil is sucked and transferred by the unit 20. Accordingly, not only compressed air from the compressed air blower 60 but also the exhaust of the engine 30 are used as a driving source and a suction source, thus making the flow rate of the pressure gas larger than conventional devices, then improving operating efficiency.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil excavating device, and more particularly to excavating soil without damaging existing earth-buried objects, mainly when excavating earth and sand when installing or repairing underground pipes. The present invention relates to improvement of a soil excavation device that can be taken.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art To dig up or dig up an asphalt pavement or the like, a crusher forcing a hammer with compressed air or the like and a power shovel for strongly scooping with a large bucket are generally used. But,
While these are strong and have good work efficiency, they have the disadvantage of producing a large impact noise and noise. In addition, if the buried pipe or the like is already installed underground and is accidentally touched, it may cause inconvenience such as destruction or extreme deformation of the contacted portion. Therefore, when excavating in the ground so that it can be made in time even if it does not have that much excavation capacity, a crusher that can be operated by hand and a vacuum excavator are also used so that the buried pipe etc. will not be broken. ing.

Conventionally, as such a handy crusher, the one described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-160174 is known. This crusher is provided with a chisel blade at the tip of a tubular body extending downward from the handle portion, and a passage for sending compressed air supplied from the compressor to the chisel blade tip,
The chisel blade is provided with an injection port for injecting a part of the compressed air. Then, in addition to mechanical crushing with a chisel blade, the crushing of the soil is also carried out by blowing off or subdividing the soil with compressed air injected from near the chisel blade.

Further, as a conventional vacuum excavator, for example, the one described in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 58-222228 is known. This vacuum excavator is equipped with a suction port for earth and sand at the tip of a vacuum hose which is in communication with a suction blower. Then, when the worker brings the earth and sand suction port of the hose close to the soil surface to be excavated, the earth and sand are sucked up by the suction force from the blower. As a result, the soil can be dug up without damaging or destroying the buried object in the soil.

The crusher and the vacuum suction device are often used at the same time. This is because, if the soil is first crushed by a crusher to make it suitable for suction, and then the soil is suction-transferred by a vacuum excavator, the advantages of both can be utilized and efficient work can be performed. Further, for example, there is a soil excavating device in which a crushing section and a suction transfer section are integrated as in the embodiment of Japanese Patent Application No. 3-123040. In this method, a single compressor driven by an engine both supplies compressed air to a crushing section and vacuum suction from a suction transfer section to dig up soil.

[0006]

Whether the crushing unit and the suction unit are separate or integrated, a soil excavator having both a crushing function and a suction transfer function has been conventionally used. , At least one compressor (or blower) is provided because it is necessary to supply a compressed gas such as compressed air and generate a vacuum suction force (negative pressure suction force).
Further, due to restrictions on the received electric power and the like, an engine is provided instead of a motor, and this engine generates rotational force to drive the compressor.

However, the larger the engine and the compressor, the more expensive the engine and the larger the output. Therefore, under a certain cost constraint, a large engine cannot be adopted, and a relatively small engine can be used. I have no choice. For this reason, the supply amount of the pressure gas and the vacuum suction force are limited, which makes it difficult to raise the efficiency of soil excavation work such as soil crushing work and suction transfer work to a certain level or more.

The present invention has been made in view of such unsolved problems, and an object of the present invention is to increase a supply amount of pressure gas and a vacuum suction force by a prime mover such as an engine and a compression blower of a compressor / blower. By
An object of the present invention is to provide a soil excavation device with high work efficiency in soil excavation. Moreover, the objective of this invention is providing the soil excavation device which operate | moves stably in addition to this.

[0009]

In order to achieve the above object, the present invention is such that both the engine and the compressor / blower perform suction and discharge during operation, and that intake and exhaust of the engine are not utilized. It was made paying attention to.

Therefore, the soil excavating device (according to claim 1) as the first solving means, as shown in FIG. 1 (a), introduces a pressure gas and crushes the soil by using this as a driving source or a fumarolic source. In a soil excavating device comprising a soil crushing unit 10 and a soil suction unit 20 which introduces a vacuum suction force (a negative pressure gas as a source of the vacuum suction force) and sucks and transfers the soil by this force,
A prime mover 30 (which is an engine such as a diesel engine with intake and exhaust during operation), and compression (of a compressor or blower) that is driven by this prime mover to perform air intake, compression of this intake air, and discharge of this compressed air A blower 60,
(One end of the exhaust air supply passage connected to the exhaust port of the prime mover, one end connected to the discharge port of the compression blower compressed air supply passage, the other end of the exhaust supply passage and the compressed air supply passage A part of exhaust gas from the prime mover, which is composed of a pressure gas feed path whose one end is connected to a connection point with the other end of the feed path and the other end of which is connected to an inlet for the pressure gas in the soil crushing unit) A supply path (40 or the like) for supplying all and compressed air from the compression blower to the soil crushing unit as the pressure gas, and (at least one end is connected to an air inlet of the compression blower and the other end is A flow passage for connecting at least the suction air of the compressed blower from the soil suction unit as the source of the vacuum suction force, which is connected to an inlet of the negative pressure gas as the source of the vacuum suction force in the soil suction unit. When It is characterized in that it comprises.

Further, as a second solution means (claim 2
As shown in FIG. 1 (b), the soil excavating device described above includes a soil crushing unit 10 for crushing the soil by introducing a pressure gas and using it as a driving source or a fumarolic source, and a vacuum suction force (a negative pressure source). Gas) and a soil suction unit 20 for sucking and transferring soil by this force,
A prime mover 30 (which is an engine such as a diesel engine with intake and exhaust during operation), and compression (of a compressor or blower) that is driven by this prime mover to perform air intake, compression of this intake air, and discharge of this compressed air A blower 60,
(At least one end is connected to the discharge port of the compression blower and the other end is connected to the inlet of the pressure gas of the soil crushing unit) At least the compressed air from the compression blower to the soil crushing unit as the pressure gas A feed passage for feeding, (an intake air passage whose one end is connected to an inlet of the prime mover, an inlet air passage whose one end is connected to an air inlet of the compression blower, and an intake passage Negative pressure gas, one end of which is connected to a connection point between the end and the other end of the inflow air flow passage, and the other end of which is connected to an inlet of the negative pressure gas as a source of the vacuum suction force in the soil suction unit. A flow passage (50 or the like) for circulating a part or all of the intake air of the prime mover and the intake air of the compression blower from the soil suction unit as a source of the vacuum suction force.
It is characterized by having and.

Further, the soil excavating device (according to claim 3) as a third solving means is, as shown in FIG.
Which is provided in the flow passage or a portion communicating with the flow passage (for example, an extension path or a branch passage of the flow passage, a suction port of the prime mover or the compression blower, etc.) An intake pressure adjusting means (pressure control means) for maintaining the pressure (intake pressure of the prime mover) above a predetermined lower limit value (determined corresponding to the minimum intake pressure that can secure the operation of the prime mover). The soil excavating device according to claim 2, which is characterized in that.

A soil excavating device as a fourth solving means is the same as the first solving means, and is a portion of the feed passage on the exhaust port side of the prime mover (exhaust feed passage portion). Inflow of compressed air from the compressed blower (inflow from the compressed air supply passage to the exhaust supply passage) and reverse flow of the pressure gas from the soil crushing unit (from the pressure gas supply passage to the (Inflow) check means for preventing (reverse flow to the exhaust gas supply passage), and a portion of the supply passage that is closer to the exhaust port of the engine than the check means, and is located inside the supply passage. Exhaust pressure adjusting means (pressure control means) for maintaining the pressure (exhaust pressure of the prime mover) below a predetermined upper limit value (determined corresponding to the maximum exhaust pressure capable of ensuring the operation of the prime mover). It is a feature.

A soil excavating device as a fifth solving means is the same as the second solving means, and is provided at a portion of the flow passage on the intake port side of the prime mover (the intake flow passage portion). And the intake air of the prime mover flows out to the compression blower side (outflow from the intake air flow passage to the intake air flow passage) and reversely flows to the soil crushing unit side (the negative pressure gas flow from the intake air flow passage). (Outflow) check means for preventing (reverse flow to the passage), and pressure in the flow passage of this portion which is provided in a portion of the flow passage closer to the intake port of the prime mover than the check means. Intake pressure adjusting means (pressure control means) for keeping intake pressure) above a predetermined lower limit value (determined corresponding to the minimum intake pressure that can secure the operation of the prime mover). is there.

In the soil excavating device of the above-mentioned first means, "at least ..." is not limited to the use of exhaust gas on the side of the supply passage, but is not limited to the intake air of the compression blower even on the side of the flow passage. This is also intended to include the case of using intake air in which a part or all of the intake air of the prime mover is distributed, and the above-mentioned second
In the soil excavator of the solution means, "at least ..." is not limited to the use of intake air on the side of the flow passage, but not only the compressed air of the compressed blower but also a part or all of the exhaust gas of the prime mover even on the side of the supply passage. This also includes the case of using exhaust gas to be sent. Therefore, the soil excavator of either solution includes the following:

In a soil excavating device equipped with a soil crushing unit that introduces a pressure gas and crushes the soil by using this as a driving source or a fumarolic source, and a soil suction unit that introduces a vacuum suction force and sucks and transfers the soil by this force. A prime mover, a compression blower driven by the prime mover to perform air intake, compression of the intake air, and discharge of the compressed air; and a part or all of exhaust from the prime mover and compressed air from the compression blower. And a supply path for supplying the compressed air as the pressure gas to the soil crushing unit, and a part or all of the intake air of the prime mover and the intake air of the compressed air blower are circulated from the soil suction unit as a source of the vacuum suction force. A soil excavating device comprising a flow passage.

[0017]

In the soil excavating device of the first solving means as described above, in addition to the soil crushing unit and the soil suction unit, usually one compression blower such as a compressor is provided. Then, the compressed air from the compressed air blower is fed as a pressure gas to the soil crushing unit via the feeding path, so that the pressure gas required as a drive source or a fumarolic source for the soil crushing unit can be supplied. Since this is done, the soil crushing unit can crush the soil. Moreover,
Since the suction air of the same compressed air blower is circulated from the soil suction unit through the flow passage as a source of the vacuum suction force (negative pressure suction force), the vacuum suction force required for the soil suction unit is introduced. The soil suction unit can also suck and transfer soil.

Further, this soil excavating device also includes a prime mover such as a diesel engine for driving the above-mentioned compression blower, which is accompanied by intake and exhaust during operation. In addition, the exhaust gas is expanded by combustion and has a high pressure, and can be said to be a pressure gas. Then, this exhaust gas is also sent to the soil crushing unit as a pressure gas together with the compressed gas from the compressor or the like through the exhaust gas feed path. As a result, the amount of pressurized gas supplied to the soil crushing unit is increased by the amount of this exhaust gas. Therefore, soil crushing is performed with a larger driving force and a larger amount of fumes, so the work efficiency of soil crushing improves.

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to increase the amount of pressure gas supplied by the prime mover and the compressed air blower, and to realize a soil excavating device having a high working efficiency for soil excavation, particularly soil crushing. In addition, since the exhaust gas that has normally been released is also used for crushing and the energy of the exhaust gas also serves to improve the crushing efficiency, the energy efficiency is improved. Furthermore, when the exhaust of the prime mover is blown into the soil for crushing, the high-temperature exhaust causes the soil to quickly dry and become fine-grained, losing viscous resistance to crushing, which facilitates crushing work. It also has an effect.

In the soil excavating device of the second solution means, the soil can be crushed and suction-transferred by the compressed air and the intake air of the same compressed air blower, and the prime mover for driving the compressed air blower is also included. To prepare is the first
However, since the intake air of the prime mover is due to the suction force from the combustion chamber having a negative pressure, it is a source of the vacuum suction force. Then, the intake air of the prime mover as a source of the vacuum suction force is circulated from the soil suction unit through the flow passage together with the intake air of the compression blower.

As a result, the vacuum suction force introduced into the soil suction unit is increased by this suction. Therefore, since suction transfer is performed with a larger vacuum suction force,
Work efficiency of soil suction is improved. Therefore, according to the present invention, the vacuum suction force by the prime mover or the compression blower can be increased, and a soil excavation device with good work efficiency for soil excavation, particularly soil suction, can be realized.

In the soil excavating device of the third solving means, when the suction path is blocked in the soil suction unit or another unexpected situation occurs, and the pressure in the flow passage is reduced due to this, that is, a vacuum is further reduced. Even if it becomes, the pressure in the flow passage is kept above the predetermined lower limit value by the intake pressure adjusting means. Moreover, the intake port of the prime mover communicates with this flow passage. Therefore, even in such a situation, the intake pressure of the prime mover is prevented from being undesirably lowered, and the intake side of the prime mover is adjusted and controlled so as not to reach an abnormal vacuum that affects the operation of the prime mover. . Thereby, even if the intake air of the prime mover is circulated from the soil suction unit, stable and reliable operation of the prime mover can be ensured. Therefore, it is possible to realize a soil excavating device which has good soil suction work efficiency and operates stably.

In the soil excavator of the fourth solution means, the exhaust pressure adjusting means allows the exhaust port of the prime mover to operate even when the pressure in the supply path rises due to a change in load condition or other unforeseen circumstances. Since the pressure in the feed passage of the side part is maintained below the predetermined upper limit value, the exhaust pressure of the prime mover is prevented from undesirably rising, and the exhaust side of the prime mover becomes abnormally high enough to affect the operation of the prime mover. Is adjusted and controlled so that it does not reach. Thereby, even if the exhaust gas of the prime mover is sent to the soil crushing unit, stable and reliable operation of the prime mover can be ensured.

Even when the exhaust pressure of the prime mover becomes relatively low due to the function of the exhaust pressure adjusting means, the check means is provided because the exhaust pressure adjusting means is provided closer to the prime mover than the check means. As a result, reverse flow from the compression blower or soil crushing unit to the prime mover is prevented, so that the function of the exhaust pressure adjusting means is not obstructed by the compressed air from the compression blower. Further, since the compressed air from the compression blower is reliably sent to the crushing unit side due to the presence of the check means, the supply amount of the pressurized gas to the crushing unit does not become smaller than the conventional amount. Therefore, the efficiency of the crushing work is certainly higher than the conventional one. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a soil excavating device which is surely more efficient than the conventional one and which operates stably.

In the soil excavating device of the fifth solving means, even if the pressure in the flow passage is lowered due to a change in load condition or other unforeseen circumstances, that is, even if the pressure in the flow passage becomes more vacuum, the intake pressure adjustment is performed. By means of the means, the pressure in the flow passage of the inlet side portion of the prime mover is maintained at a predetermined lower limit value or more, so that the intake pressure of the prime mover is prevented from undesirably dropping, and the prime mover intake side affects the operation of the prime mover. It is adjusted and controlled so that it does not reach an abnormal vacuum. Thereby, even if the intake air of the prime mover is circulated from the soil suction unit, stable and reliable operation of the prime mover can be ensured.

Even when the intake pressure of the prime mover becomes relatively high due to the action of the intake pressure adjusting means, the check means is provided because the intake pressure adjusting means is provided closer to the prime mover than the check means. As a result, the backflow from the prime mover side to the compression blower or the soil suction unit side is prevented, so that the function of the intake pressure adjusting means is not hindered by the intake air or the like of the compression blower. In addition, since the compressed air sucked by the compression blower is surely circulated from the suction unit side due to the presence of the check means, the vacuum suction force to the suction unit does not become smaller than the conventional one. Therefore, the efficiency of the suction transfer work is certainly higher than the conventional one. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a soil excavating device which is surely more efficient than the conventional one and which operates stably.

[0027]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the soil excavating device of the present invention will be described below. The construction of this soil excavator is shown in FIG. 2 showing its pneumatic circuit and FIG. 3 showing its appearance.
, An engine 30 as a prime mover, and a feeding path (40-4
3), the flow passages (50 to 53), and the compressor 60 as a compression blower.

The soil crushing unit 10 is a portion of the soil crusher excluding the compressed air supply portion. The compressed air from the compressor 60 and the exhaust gas from the engine 30 are introduced as pressure gas, which is used as a drive source and fumes. It crushes soil as a source. To this end, this unit 10
Is a handle portion 11 to be grasped by hand, a tubular body 12 extending downward from the handle portion 11, an introduction pipe 13 connected to the tubular body 12 at an upper portion thereof for introducing pressurized gas into an inner cavity of the tubular body 12, and a tubular body The air motor 16 is fixed to the tip of the cylinder 12 and receives the pressure gas from the cylinder 12 to rotate the rotary shaft 15 using this as a drive source. The rotary plate 16 is fixed to the rotary shaft 15 at the center position and rotates. It Then, as the rotary plate 16 rotates, the crushing blade 17 provided on the lower surface of the rotary plate 16 makes an orbital motion, and the penetration port provided from the drain port of the air motor 16 to the rotary shaft 15 and the rotary plate 16 is also penetrated. Pressure gas is jetted below the rotary plate 16 through the holes.

The soil suction unit 20 is a soil vacuum excavator from which a vacuum suction force generation / transmission unit is removed.
A vacuum suction force is introduced to suck and transfer soil. For this reason, in this unit 20, the suction pipe 22 having the soil suction port portion 21 at the lower end, and the internal sediment collection chamber 25a and further the filter chamber 25b are provided at the upper end of the suction pipe 22 via the vacuum duct 23. It is composed of the soil collecting and dust collecting section 25 communicating with each other. And the filter chamber 2
When vacuum suction is performed through the vacuum suction force inlet port 25c provided on the upper portion of 5b, a high-speed airflow that entrains a part of the soil 70 is sucked from the suction port portion 21 into the inner space of the suction pipe 22 and further to the vacuum. After passing through the duct 23 to the sediment collection chamber 25a, the speed is reduced, and fine dust is removed in the filter chamber 25b to form a clean air flow. When the speed is reduced in the sediment collection chamber 25a, the sediment is left there. As a result, the soil discharged by suction is collected.

The engine 30 operates to generate a rotational force, and the rotational force is driven by the rotational force to generate a compressor 60.
The output shaft is connected to the drive shaft of the compressor 60 via a coupling for this purpose. Further, the engine 30 is preferably a diesel engine which is relatively resistant to fluctuations in intake / exhaust pressure, and is accompanied by intake and exhaust during operation. The compressor 60 is preferably a reciprocating compressor or a screw compressor. In order to bring out the crushing ability of the crushing unit 10 sufficiently, it is 5 to 7 kgf / cm ² (about 0.
This is because the pressure of about 5 to 0.7 MPa) is desired, but the discharge pressure of these types of compressors reaches that pressure or higher. Of course, even if the discharge pressure is lower than that, it can be driven accordingly, so long as it can suck air, compress the intake air, and discharge the compressed air, other types of compressors can be used. Alternatively, it may be a blower.

The feeding path (40 to 43) is provided with the compressor 6
In addition to the compressed air from 0, the exhaust gas from the engine 30 is also sent to the soil crushing unit 10 as a pressure gas. Therefore, this feed passage is connected to the end of the muffler 32 of the engine 30, that is, the pipe passage 41 having one end connected to the exhaust port and the extension passage (exhaust feed passage) at the other end, and one end connected to the discharge port of the compressor 60. Pipe line 42 and extended path at other end (compressed air feed path), flexible hose 43 and extended path at one end (pressure gas feed path)
Etc. Here, each extension path is a flow path formed in the manifold block 40 and communicates with the corresponding pipeline or the like.

The extension path of the flexible hose 43 is also connected in the manifold block 40 to the connection point between the extension path of the conduit 41 and the extension path of the conduit 42, and the other end of the flexible hose 43 is connected to the soil crushing unit 10. Is connected to the introduction pipe 13 of. As a result, the exhaust gas of the engine 30 passes through the pipe line 41 and the compressed air from the compressor 60 passes through the pipe line 42.
It joins in 0, and after joining, it is introduced through the flexible hose 43 into the soil crushing unit 10.

The flow passages (50 to 53) are connected to the compressor 6
In addition to the intake air of 0, the intake air of the engine 30 is also circulated from the soil suction unit 20 as a source of the vacuum suction force. Therefore, this flow passage has a pipe line 51 whose one end is connected to the intake port 31 of the engine 30 and an extension line (intake flow passage) at the other end, and a pipe line 52 whose one end is connected to the air intake port of the compressor 60. And an extension path (intake air flow passage) at the other end, and a conduit 53 and an extension path (negative pressure gas flow passage) at one end thereof. Here, each extension path is a flow path provided in the manifold block 50 and communicates with the corresponding pipeline. Then, the extension path of the pipeline 53 is also connected in the manifold block 50 to the connection point of the extension path of the pipeline 51 and the extension path of the pipeline 52, and the other end of the pipeline 53 collects soil from the soil suction unit 20. Dust collector 25
Is connected to the vacuum suction force introduction port 25c.

As a result, the vacuum suction force generated by using the intake air of the engine 30 as a source passes through the pipe line 51 and the vacuum suction force generated by using the suction air of the compressor 60 as the source passes through the pipe line 52. Block 5
0, and the resultant force is introduced into the soil suction unit 20 via the conduit 53. A stop valve may be inserted in series with the conduit 53. In this case, it is possible to easily disconnect the vacuum suction input transmission connection between the compressor 60 and the soil suction unit 20 by operating that valve, so that even if the engine 30 is still operating, It is convenient to be able to perform the work such as discharging the soil collected in.

In the manifold block 40, a relief valve 40a as an exhaust pressure adjusting means (pressure control means) and a variable throttle valve 40b as a bypass means have their input ports connected to the extension passage of the pipe passage 41, Road 41
A check valve 40c as an inflow check means is inserted in series between the connection point of the relief valve 40a and the like and the connection point of the pipe line 42 in the extension path of. Therefore, check valve 4
0c is provided in the exhaust gas supply passage portion, and the relief valve 40a is provided closer to the muffler 32 side of the engine 30 than the check valve 40c.

The check valve 40c is embedded in the manifold block 40 in such a direction that the exhaust gas of the engine 30 flows through the conduit 41 to the conduit 42 and the conduit 43, whereby the exhaust air from the compressed air supply conduit is exhausted. The inflow to the supply passage and the reverse flow from the pressurized gas supply passage to the exhaust supply passage are prevented. The variable throttle valve 40b is capable of changing the setting of the throttle amount by a manual operation or the like, but it is interposed between the pipe 41 and the atmosphere, and the flow rate corresponding to the throttle amount is supplied from the pipe 41 to the atmosphere. To bypass. Therefore, the engine 30 fed to the soil crushing unit 10 side via the pipe 41
The exhaust gas can be sent in whole or in part. It also changes the amount of hot exhaust mixed with the relatively cool compressed air,
It is also possible to some extent to adjust the temperature of the pressurized gas.

The relief valve 40a is interposed between the pipe 41 and the atmosphere, and when the pressure in the pipe 41 rises above a set value (predetermined upper limit value), excess exhaust gas from the engine 30 is discharged to the atmosphere. The pressure is released to keep the pressure in the pipe 41 below the set value. The set value is determined so that the exhaust pressure of the engine 30 does not significantly affect the operation of the engine 30. For a diesel engine, for example, usually 4
It is about 7 kgf / cm ² (about 0.4 to 0.7 MPa). An accumulator (not shown) is also attached to the manifold block 40, but the accumulator is connected to an extension of the conduit 43 in order to suppress pressure fluctuations in the pressure gas supply passage. .

In the manifold block 50, a pressure reducing valve 40a as an intake pressure adjusting means (pressure control means) and a variable throttle valve 50b as a bypass means have their output ports connected to the extension of the pipe line 51. A check valve 5 as an outflow check means in series between the connection point of the pressure reducing valve 50a and the connection point of the pipe 52 in the extension of the path 51.
0c is inserted. Therefore, the check valve 50c is provided in the intake flow passage portion, and the pressure reducing valve 50a is used as the check valve 5.
It is provided closer to the intake port 31 side of the engine 30 than 0c.

The check valve 50c is embedded in the manifold block 50 in such a direction that the intake air of the engine 30 flows from the pipe line 53 and the pipe line 52 side to the pipe line 51. The outflow to the passage and the reverse flow from the intake flow passage to the negative pressure gas flow passage are prevented. The variable throttle valve 50b is capable of setting and changing the throttle amount by a manual operation or the like, but it is interposed between the pipe line 51 and the atmosphere, and the flow rate according to the throttle amount is changed from the atmosphere to the pipe line 51. To bypass. So engine 3
With respect to the intake air of 0, all or only a part of the intake air can be introduced from the soil suction unit side.

The pressure reducing valve 50a is interposed between the pipe line 51 and the atmosphere, and the pressure in the pipe line 51 is a set value (a predetermined lower limit value).
When the pressure exceeds the set value, the shortage of the intake air of the engine 30 is supplemented from the atmosphere to keep the pressure in the pipe line 51 at the set value or more. The set value is determined so that the intake pressure of the engine 30 does not significantly affect the operation of the engine 30. For example, in the case of a diesel engine, it is usually -500 to -600 mmHg (about -0.06 to-).
It is about 0.08 MPa). By providing these exhaust pressure adjusting means and intake pressure adjusting means (pressure control means), reliable operation of the engine 30 is ensured.

With respect to the soil excavator having such a structure,
The operation during use will be described.

This soil excavating device comes into play when the asphalt or the like above the soil 70 is discharged by a power shovel or the like, and the soil 70 covering the buried pipe 80 is exposed. Therefore, after the power shovel or the like is evacuated, the soil excavation device is carried to the excavation site by a truck (not shown) or the like, and the engine 30 or the like is installed near the excavation hole.

Next, in order to perform soil excavation work, that is, to perform soil crushing and soil suction in parallel, one worker holds the handle portion 11 of the soil crushing unit 10 and uses the crushing blade 17 thereof. To the soil 70, the other worker holds the suction pipe 22 of the soil suction unit 20 and turns the soil suction port portion 21 toward the soil 70. Then, when the engine 30 is started to operate the compressor 60, the compressed air is discharged from the compressor 60 and the exhaust gas is also discharged from the engine 30. At the time of starting the engine 30, the variable throttle valves 40b and 50b are fully opened in order to keep the engine load light, and the variable throttle valves 40b and 50b are set to an appropriate degree of opening after the completion of the start. Is desirable.

Then, the crushing blade 17 of the soil crushing unit 10 makes an orbital motion by using these compressed air and exhaust gas as driving sources, and also the compressed air and exhaust gas are used as fumarolic sources to the soil below the crushing blade 17. A fumarole is performed toward it. Therefore, when one worker manipulates the handle portion 11 to bring the crushing blade 17 into contact with the soil 70, the lump of soil in that portion is rapidly dried by the jet of gas containing high-temperature exhaust gas, and at the same time, the crushing blade. The soil is mechanically crushed by 17, or mechanically crushed by the crushing blade 17, and at the same time, the soil is efficiently crushed by being atomized and blown off by injection of exhaust gas. Thus, not only the compressed air from the compressor 60 but also the exhaust gas of the engine 30 is used as the drive source and the fumarolic source, so that the flow rate of the pressure gas is higher than in the conventional case, and the work efficiency of soil crushing is improved. .

During operation of the engine 30 and the like, air is taken in by the compressor 60 and the engine 30
But intake is done. Then, a vacuum suction force is introduced into the soil suction unit 20 by using these intake air as a source,
Fresh air is inhaled from the soil inlet 21. Therefore, when the other worker manipulates the suction pipe 22 of the soil suction unit 20 to bring the soil suction port portion 21 close to the soil crushed by the soil crushing unit 10, the soil is sucked and transferred by the soil suction unit 20. It is collected and collected in the sediment collection chamber 25a one after another. Thus, not only the intake air of the compressor 60 but also the engine 3 can be used as the source of the vacuum suction force.
Since the suction of 0 is also used, the vacuum suction force is higher than in the past, and the work efficiency of soil suction transfer is improved.

Therefore, by moving the soil crushing unit 10 and the soil suction unit 20 appropriately and further digging the soil 70 that appears from under the soil crushing / suctioning, the existence of the buried pipe 80 can be confirmed. Since it is possible, the surroundings of the buried pipe 80 may be further dug down. As a result, the buried pipe 80 can be exposed without being damaged, and the function of the soil excavating device is completed.

Finally, after stopping the engine 30, the engine 30, the units 20, 30 and the like are mounted on a truck or the like and removed from the excavation site. This completes the removal work by the soil excavator of the first embodiment.

When it is necessary to further dig further thereafter, excavation work using a power shovel or the like is performed again, but since the buried pipe 70 is exposed and its accurate position is grasped, a shovel excavator is used. Even if it is used, it is possible to push the bucket into the soil while avoiding the buried object, so there is no problem such as crushing the buried object. Therefore, not only the excavation work by the soil excavator of the present invention, but also the entire excavation work combined with a power shovel,
Work can be performed with high efficiency without damaging buried objects.

A second embodiment of the soil excavating device of the present invention will be described. The construction of this soil excavator, whose pneumatic circuit is shown in FIG. 4, has the relief valve 40a, the check valve 40c, and the check valve 5 from the first embodiment described above.
0c is equivalent to the one removed. Such a configuration practically ensures stable and reliable operation of the engine 30, and also meets the demands for cost reduction and size reduction.

Specifically, since it is relatively rare that the flow of the pressure gas completely stops in the soil crushing unit 10, it cannot be said that it is practically necessary to completely prepare for this. On the exhaust side, the relief valve 40a and the check valve 40c are removed from the manifold block 40 side. On the other hand, regarding the intake side, the check valve 50c is excluded from the manifold 50, but in the soil suction unit 20, the soil collecting unit 25 is likely to cause clogging of the flow path due to soil discharge or the like. The pressure reducing valve 50a as the intake pressure adjusting means is still attached to the manifold 50.

Even without the check valve 50c, the pressure reducing valve 50
If a is attached, the intake pressure of the engine 30 is maintained at a predetermined lower limit value or more, so that the operation of the engine can be ensured. Therefore, there is no problem with respect to the blockage of the flow path on the soil suction unit 20 side. Absent. However, in order for the pressure reducing valve 50a to function normally as the intake pressure adjusting means (pressure control means) when the check valve 50c is not attached, the pressure reducing valve 50a should be compressed more than the flow rate when the check valve 50c is attached. It must be able to flow as much as 60 inhalations. Therefore, the pressure reducing valve 50a may require a large rated flow rate.

The operation of the soil excavator having such a structure is as follows.
Since it is practically the same as that of the above-described first embodiment, the description thereof will be omitted.

In the above, the case of the soil excavating device in which the soil crushing unit and the soil suction unit are mechanically separated separate items has been described, but these units do not necessarily have to be separate items. Instead, they may be mechanically integrated. In the case of such a soil excavating device, it is not necessary to individually assign workers, but the operation and effect of the present invention in this case is similar to that of the above-described embodiment. Also,
Although the soil crushing unit using the pressure gas as the driving source and the fumarolic source has been described as an example, even if the soil crushing unit requires only one of the driving source and the fumarolic source, the present invention is applicable, Even in that case, the effect is exerted as such.

[0054]

As is apparent from the above description, in the first soil excavating device of the present invention, the exhaust gas of the prime mover is also sent to the soil crushing unit together with the compressed gas from the compression blower. As a result, the amount of pressurized gas supplied to the soil crushing unit is increased by the amount of this exhaust gas. Therefore, it is possible to realize a soil excavating device having a high work efficiency for soil excavation, particularly soil crushing. Moreover, the energy efficiency is improved, and further, the crushing work is facilitated. (In other words, the same working efficiency can be achieved with a prime mover and a compression blower that are smaller than conventional ones, so a compact and inexpensive soil excavator can be realized.)

Further, in the second soil excavating device of the present invention, the intake air of the prime mover is also circulated from the soil suction unit together with the intake air of the compression blower. As a result, the vacuum suction force introduced into the soil suction unit is increased by this suction. Therefore, there is an effect that the work efficiency of soil excavation, especially soil suction, is good.

Further, in the third soil excavating device of the present invention, since the intake pressure adjusting means prevents the intake pressure of the prime mover from being undesirably lowered, the intake air of the prime mover is extracted from the soil suction unit. Even if it is distributed, the prime mover operates stably and reliably. Therefore, in addition to the effect that the work efficiency of soil suction is good, there is an effect that the prime mover operates stably.

Further, in the fourth soil excavating device of the present invention, the presence of the exhaust pressure adjusting means prevents the exhaust pressure of the prime mover from undesirably rising, so that the exhaust of the prime mover is sent to the soil crushing unit. Even if it is sent, the prime mover operates stably and reliably. Moreover, the existence of the check means ensures that the compressed air from the compression blower is fed to the crushing unit side, so that the efficiency of the crushing work does not at least drop as compared with the conventional case. Therefore, the work efficiency of soil crushing is certainly higher than the conventional one, and the prime mover operates stably.

Further, in the fifth soil excavating device of the present invention, since the intake pressure adjusting means prevents the intake pressure of the prime mover from being undesirably lowered, the intake air of the prime mover is extracted from the soil suction unit. Even if it is distributed, the prime mover operates stably and reliably. Moreover, the presence of the non-return means ensures that the suction air of the compression blower is circulated from the soil suction unit side, so that the suction work efficiency does not lower at least as compared with the conventional case. Therefore, the work efficiency of soil suction and transfer is surely higher than the conventional one, and the prime mover operates stably.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 (a) is a pneumatic circuit diagram of a first soil excavating device of the present invention. (B) is the second aspect of the present invention.
FIG. 3 is a pneumatic circuit diagram of the soil excavator of FIG.

FIG. 2 is a pneumatic circuit diagram of the first embodiment of the soil excavating device of the present invention.

FIG. 3 is an external view of a first embodiment of the soil excavation device of the present invention.

FIG. 4 is a pneumatic circuit diagram of a soil excavating device according to a second embodiment of the present invention.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Soil Crushing Unit 20 Soil Suction Unit 30 Engine (Motor) 40 Manifold Block (Sending Line Side) 40a Relief Valve (Exhaust Pressure Adjusting Means) 40b Variable Throttle Valve 40c Check Valve (Checking Means) 50 Manifold Block (Flow Path Side) 50a Pressure reducing valve (intake pressure adjusting means) 50b Variable throttle valve 50c Check valve (checking means) 60 Compressor (compression blower) 70 Soil 80 Buried pipe

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. Soil excavation provided with a soil crushing unit for crushing soil by introducing a pressure gas and using this as a driving source or a fumarolic source, and a soil suction unit for introducing a vacuum suction force to suck and transfer the soil by this force. In the device, a prime mover, a compression blower that is driven by the prime mover to perform air intake, compression of the intake air, and discharge of the compressed air, and a part or all of exhaust gas from the prime mover and compression from the compression blower. A supply passage for supplying air and the soil as a pressure gas to the soil crushing unit; and a flow passage for circulating at least the intake air of the compression blower as a source of the vacuum suction force from the soil suction unit. A characteristic soil excavator. 2. Soil excavation provided with a soil crushing unit for introducing pressure gas and crushing soil by using this as a driving source or a fumarolic source, and a soil suction unit for introducing vacuum suction force and sucking and transferring soil with this force. In the device, a prime mover, a compression blower driven by the prime mover to perform air intake, compression of the intake air and discharge of the compressed air, and at least the compressed air from the compression blower as the pressure gas to the soil crushing unit. And a flow passage for circulating a part or all of the intake air of the prime mover and the intake air of the compression blower from the soil suction unit as a source of the vacuum suction force. Soil excavation equipment. 3. The soil excavation according to claim 2, further comprising an intake pressure adjusting means provided in the flow passage or a portion communicating with the flow passage for keeping the pressure in the flow passage at a predetermined lower limit value or more. apparatus.