JPH08270003A - Soil-digging apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

PURPOSE: To improve the energy efficiency of a soil-digging apparatus, and to downsize the apparatus, by utilizing the exhaust and suction of an engine for a truck on which the apparatus is mounted as the power source of the apparatus which crushes and sucks soil by using compressed gas and of which the power is relatively small. CONSTITUTION: Exhaust gas from the engine 30 for the truck 60 is supplied to a soil-crushing unit 10 for the digging apparatus which digs soil 70 without damaging existing buried lines 80, and of which the power is relatively small, through an exhaust manifold block 43 having variable throttle valve 43a. Crushing edges 17 are rotated by the exhaust gas, and the soil 70 is digged. On the other hand, a soil-sucking unit 20 is connected to a soil-and dust-collecting part 25 having a collecting chamber 25a for earth and sand, and a filter chamber 25b. In the duct collecting part 25, vacuum suction force is generated by the suction of the engine 30. An air motor 16 is rotated by regulating the exhaust of the engine 30 with a throttle valve 43a, the soil is digged by crushing edges 17 and the soil digged is sucked, that is to say, a power source of digging is used together with that of sucking. In this way, the apparatus can be made compact.

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a soil excavating device, and more particularly to excavating soil without damaging existing earth-buried objects, mainly when excavating earth and sand when installing or repairing underground pipes. The present invention relates to improvement of a soil excavation device that can be taken.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art To dig up or dig up an asphalt pavement or the like, a crusher forcing a hammer with compressed air or the like and a power shovel for strongly scooping with a large bucket are generally used. But,
While these are strong and have good work efficiency, they have the disadvantage of producing a large impact noise and noise. In addition, if the buried pipe or the like is already installed underground and is accidentally touched, it may cause inconvenience such as destruction or extreme deformation of the contacted portion. Therefore, a crusher that can be manually operated and a vacuum excavator are also used for excavating in the ground so that it can be made in time even if the excavation ability is not so high.

Conventionally, as such a handy crusher, the one described in Japanese Utility Model Laid-Open No. 59-160174 is known. This crusher is provided with a chisel blade at the tip of a tubular body extending downward from the handle portion, and a passage for sending compressed air supplied from the compressor to the chisel blade tip,
The chisel blade is provided with an injection port for injecting a part of the compressed air. Then, in addition to mechanical crushing with a chisel blade, the crushing of the soil is also carried out by blowing off or subdividing the soil with compressed air injected from near the chisel blade.

This crusher was developed for the purpose of light and noiseless soil excavation. Due to its construction, when a buried pipe or the like is already installed underground, a chisel blade, etc. Even when touched, there is no risk of breaking the buried pipe or the like. From this point of view, even when it is known that it is close to the buried pipe, etc., it is also used to crush a relatively soft earth mass near the buried pipe in order to dig the buried pipe without damage when the exact position is unknown. Has been done.

Further, as a conventional vacuum excavator, for example, the one described in JP-A-58-222228 is known. This vacuum excavator is equipped with a suction port for earth and sand at the tip of a vacuum hose which is in communication with a suction blower. Then, when the worker brings the earth and sand suction port of the hose close to the soil surface to be excavated, the earth and sand are sucked up by the suction force from the blower. As a result, the soil can be dug up without damaging or destroying the buried object in the soil.

[0006]

However, such a vacuum excavator is rarely used alone because it has only a suction function and no crushing function. Even if it has a crushing function, it is often used with the above-mentioned crusher or the like, which is unsuitable for carrying out discharged soil. This is because, if the soil is first crushed by a crusher to make it suitable for suction, and then the soil is suction-transferred by a vacuum excavator, the advantages of both can be utilized and efficient work can be performed.

However, in order to perform the crushing work using the crusher, compressed air is used, and therefore a compressor for generating the compressed air and an engine for driving the compressor are required. Further, in order to perform suction transfer work using the vacuum excavation device, since a negative pressure suction force is used, a blower that produces this and an engine that drives the blower are required. Therefore, in order to excavate the soil using both the crusher and the vacuum excavator, a compressor, a blower, and 2
One engine is required. Since each of these is relatively expensive, it would be very costly to prepare such a large number, so it would be inconvenient as it is. Further, disposing many of these in the vicinity of the same work place is not only time-consuming, but may also be a hindrance to the work in some cases.

Therefore, it is a problem to reduce the cost and the size of the soil excavating device having both the crushing function and the suction transfer function.

The present invention has been made in view of such unsolved problems, and an object of the present invention is to provide an inexpensive and compact soil excavating device by reducing the number of engines and the like. Moreover, the objective of this invention is providing the soil excavation device which operate | moves stably in addition to this. Further, an object of the present invention is to provide a more inexpensive and compact soil excavating device.

[0010]

In order to achieve the above-mentioned object, the soil excavating device of the present invention was made paying attention to the common points of the engine, the compressor and the blower. That is, since the engine accompanies intake and exhaust during operation, the compressor accompanies intake during compression and discharge, and the blower accompanies exhaust during suction, both of which are common in that intake and exhaust are performed simultaneously.

The soil excavating device (according to claim 1) as a first solution means, a soil crushing unit for crushing the soil by introducing pressure gas and using this as a driving source or a fumarolic source, and a negative pressure suction force. In a soil excavation device equipped with a soil suction unit that introduces (a negative pressure gas as a source of) and sucks and transfers the soil by this force, an engine (operates by performing intake and exhaust) and (one end of the engine An exhaust gas feed path that feeds exhaust gas of the engine to the soil crushing unit as the pressure gas, with the other end being connected to an exhaust port and the other end being connected to the pressure gas introduction port of the soil crushing unit, The other end of the engine is connected to the intake port of the engine and the other end is connected to the inlet port of the negative pressure gas as the source of the negative pressure suction force in the soil suction unit). It is characterized in that it comprises an intake passage for circulating from the soil suction unit as.

Further, as a second solution means (claim 2
The soil excavation device (described) is the second solution means described above, and discharges at least a part of the exhaust gas of the engine to the outside of the exhaust gas supply passage by a variable throttle valve or the like.
An exhaust pressure reducing means for reducing the pressure in the exhaust gas supply passage, and a pressure in the intake air passage (by bypassing outside air into the intake air passage by a pressure regulating valve or the like) (for operating the engine). (Required) intake pressure adjusting means for maintaining a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value.

Further, the soil excavating device (according to claim 3) as the third solving means is the one of the above first or second solving means, wherein the engine is for transportation (such as a freight truck). (An engine provided with an intake port and an exhaust port of a vehicle body, the exhaust port being capable of attaching and detaching the exhaust gas supply passage, and the intake port being capable of attaching and detaching the intake air flow passage. ) It is characterized by being an engine.

Further, as a fourth solution means (claim 3
The soil excavating device (described) is one of the first or second means for solving the problems described above, wherein the engine (intake port and exhaust port of a main body of a civil engineering machine (which can be used for excavating soil such as a power shovel) is used. And an exhaust port for which the exhaust feed passage can be attached and detached, and an intake port for which the intake flow passage can be attached and detached) It is a thing.

Furthermore, the soil excavating device (according to claim 3) as the fifth solving means is the one of the above-mentioned first or second solving means, in which the engine (ejecting and discharging soil such as a belt conveyor). The engine provided with an intake port and an exhaust port of the main body of the transfer device, the exhaust port being capable of attaching / detaching the exhaust gas supply passage, and the intake port having the intake flow passage It is an engine that is detachable).

[0016]

In the soil excavating device of the first solving means as described above, one engine is provided in addition to the soil crushing unit and the soil suction unit, but the engine is accompanied by intake and exhaust during operation. . In addition, the exhaust gas is expanded by combustion and has a high pressure, and can be said to be a pressure gas. Then, the exhaust gas of the engine as the pressurized gas is fed to the soil crushing unit via the exhaust gas feeding passage. As a result, the soil crushing unit is supplied with the pressure gas required as its driving source or fumarolic source. Therefore, since the engine and the compressor can be commonly used, the soil can be crushed by the soil crushing unit without the compressor.

Further, since the intake air of the engine is due to the suction force from the combustion chamber having a negative pressure, it becomes a source of the negative pressure suction force. Then, the intake air of the engine as a source of the negative pressure suction force is circulated from the soil suction unit via the intake air flow passage. As a result, the negative pressure suction force required for the soil suction unit is introduced. Therefore, since the engine and the blower can be commonly used, the soil suction unit can suction and transfer the soil without using the blower.

Further, an engine as a prime mover of a compressor and an engine as a prime mover of a blower are also shared. That is, this soil excavating device can support the functions of both the soil crushing unit and the soil suction unit with one engine. On the other hand, since two engines, a compressor and a blower were conventionally required for such support, even if there is a slight increase in the amount of the exhaust gas supply passage and the intake flow passage, Significant reductions in engines and other equipment have been achieved in soil excavators.

Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to reduce the number of engines and the like to realize an inexpensive and compact soil excavating device. In addition, since the exhaust gas that has normally been released is also used for crushing and the energy of the exhaust gas also serves to improve the crushing efficiency, the energy efficiency is improved. further,
When crushing the exhaust of the engine by blowing it into the soil,
Due to the high temperature exhaust, the soil is quickly dried and finely divided, and the viscous resistance to crushing is lost, which also has the effect of facilitating crushing work.

In the soil excavating device of the second solving means, since the pressure in the exhaust gas supply passage is reduced by the exhaust pressure reducing means, the pressure on the exhaust side of the engine is restricted so as not to become abnormally high. It Further, since the pressure in the intake flow passage is maintained at a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value by the intake pressure adjusting means, it is adjusted so that the engine intake side does not reach an abnormal vacuum that may affect the operation of the engine. As a result, even if the exhaust air / intake air of the engine is fed to the soil crushing unit and the soil suction unit, the reliable operation of the engine can be ensured. Therefore, according to the present invention, in addition to the above-described effects, a soil excavating device that operates stably can be realized.

In the soil excavating device of the third means, the engine is shared by the vehicle and the soil excavating device because the engine is the main body of the transportation vehicle such as a freight truck. Further, in the soil excavating device of the fourth means, the engine is shared by the machine and the soil excavating device because the engine is the main body of the civil construction machine such as a power shovel. Further, in the soil excavating device of the fifth solving means, the engine is shared by the conveyor device and the soil excavating device because the engine is the one of the conveyor device main body such as the belt conveyor.
Therefore, these soil excavators are equipped with a dedicated engine.
It is no longer necessary to have a stand, and further reductions in engines etc. have been achieved. Therefore, according to the present invention, a more inexpensive and compact soil excavating device can be realized.

Particularly, in the soil excavating device of the third solving means, since the engine is always mounted on the vehicle, when the soil excavating device is carried into the work site and installed, the soil is excavated on the vehicle. Installation work can be easily performed by mounting a crushing unit, a soil suction unit, etc., and driving this vehicle to the site. Furthermore, even when carrying out and removing this soil excavator from the work site, it is easy to remove it by mounting a soil crushing unit, a soil suction unit, etc. on this vehicle and moving this vehicle from the site to another place. It can be carried out. Therefore, according to the present invention,
It is possible to realize a soil excavation device that is easy to install and remove, in addition to being more inexpensive and compact.

In particular, since the engine is always mounted on the civil engineering construction machine, when excavating work with the soil excavator after the initial soil excavation by this machine, it is not necessary to carry a heavy engine and the civil engineering is not required. It is not necessary to remove the construction machine, and the equipment for excavation work can be easily changed by carrying in a soil crushing unit and connecting it to the civil construction machine. In addition, when returning to the original excavation work with the soil excavator after digging the buried pipe, etc., the soil crushing unit etc. can be easily separated from the civil construction machine and carried away to facilitate the original excavation work machine. Can be returned to. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a soil excavating device which is cheaper and more compact, and in which excavation work can be easily replaced with another civil engineering construction machine.

In particular, in the soil excavating device of the fifth solving means, since the engine is incorporated in the conveying device, the conveying device can be easily installed together with the soil excavating device even in a narrow work site. . Therefore, the excavated soil excavated by the soil excavation device accumulates in the device, and it is necessary to discharge it and transfer it to the transfer device.At this time, even when the excavation work is temporarily interrupted, the transfer device is brought close to it. Therefore, it is possible to promptly deliver the soil to the transport device, and immediately restart the operation of the soil excavation device to continue excavation work. Therefore, according to the present invention, it is possible to realize a soil excavating device which is more inexpensive and small in size, and has a high operating rate in cooperation with the transfer device.

[0025]

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS A first embodiment of the soil excavating device of the present invention will be described below. The structure of this crusher, the appearance of which is shown in FIG. 1, is composed of a soil crushing unit 10, a soil suction unit 20, an engine 30, an exhaust gas supply passage 40, and an intake air passage 50.

The soil crushing unit 10 is a portion of the soil crusher excluding the compressed air supply section, and is a unit for introducing the exhaust gas of the engine 30 as a pressure gas and crushing the soil by using this as a driving source and a fumarolic source. is there. For this reason, this unit 10 is connected to the handle portion 11 for gripping with a hand, a tubular body 12 extending downward from this, and an upper portion of the tubular body 12 to introduce pressurized gas into the inner cavity of the tubular body 12. The introduction pipe 13, an air motor 16 fixed to the tip of the cylindrical body 12 and receiving the pressure gas from the cylindrical body 12 to rotate the rotary shaft 15 using this as a drive source, are fixed to the rotary shaft 15 at the center position and rotate. It is composed of a rotating plate 16. And the rotating plate 1
Along with the rotation of 6, the crushing blade 17 provided on the lower surface of the rotary plate 16 orbits, and through the through hole provided so as to reach from the drain port of the air motor 16 to the rotary shaft 15 and the rotary plate 16. Pressure gas, that is, exhaust gas of the engine 30 is injected below the rotary plate 16.

The soil suction unit 20 is a soil vacuum excavator from which a vacuum suction force generating / transmitting section is removed.
Negative pressure suction force is introduced to suck and transfer soil. For this reason, in this unit 20, the suction pipe 22 having the soil suction port portion 21 at the lower end, the upper end of this suction pipe 22 and the internal sediment collection chamber 25a and further the filter chamber 25b are connected via the vacuum duct 23. It is composed of the soil collecting and collecting section 25. Then, when vacuum suction is performed through the vacuum suction force introduction port 25c provided in the upper part of the filter chamber 25b, a high-speed air flow that entrains a part of the soil 70 is introduced from the suction port portion 21 into the suction pipe 22. The cavity and the vacuum duct 23 reach the sediment collection chamber 25a to decelerate, and fine dust is removed in the filter chamber 25b to form clean air, which is then sucked.
When the speed is reduced by a, the earth and sand are left there to collect the discharged soil transferred by suction.

The engine 30 is a diesel engine of a truck 60 as a transportation vehicle, and also serves as an engine of the soil excavator of the present invention. Therefore, in order to make it easier to use the intake air of the engine 30 in the soil suction unit 20, modification is made such as adding parts to the air cleaner of the truck 60 so that the intake port 31 of the engine 30 is an outer surface portion of the truck, for example, the truck 60. It is disposed on the cargo bed 61 or the like. Further, in order to make the exhaust gas of the engine 30 easier to use in the soil crushing unit 10, the engine 3
The exhaust port of 0, that is, the tip of the exhaust muffler 32 of the truck 60 is also provided at a place where mounting work from the outside is easy. In addition, the soil collecting and dust collecting unit 2 is provided on the loading platform 61 of the truck 60.
5 is placed so that the collected soil and sand can be quickly carried out.

The exhaust gas supply passage 40 is for supplying the exhaust gas of the engine 30 as a pressure gas to the soil crushing unit 10. Therefore, the exhaust gas supply passage 40 is connected to the muffler 3
Detachable attachment 4 attached to the tip of 2
1, a flexible hose 42 having one end connected to the attachment 41, a manifold block 43 having the other end of the flexible hose 42 connected to the import, and one end connected to the out port of the manifold block 43 and the other end having a soil crushing unit. 10 and the flexible hose 44 connected to the introduction pipe 13. Then, the exhaust gas of the engine 30 discharged from the muffler 32 is introduced into the soil crushing unit 10 via the flexible hose 42, the manifold block 43, and the flexible hose 44.

The intake air passage 50 is provided for allowing intake air of the engine 30 to flow from the soil suction unit 20 as a source of negative pressure suction force. Therefore, this intake air passage 50
Is a detachable attachment 51 attached to the intake port 31 of the engine 30, a flexible hose 52 having one end connected to the attachment 51, a manifold block 53 having the other end of the flexible hose 52 connected to an outport, One end is connected to the import of the manifold block 53, and the other end is composed of a flexible hose 54 connected to the vacuum suction force introduction port 25c of the soil dust collecting section 25 of the soil suction unit 20. Then, the vacuum suction force generated from the intake air of the engine 30 is introduced into the soil suction unit 20 via the flexible hose 52, the manifold block 53, and the flexible hose 54.

A variable throttle valve 43a is buried in the other port of the manifold block 43, but this port is open to the atmosphere, and when the variable throttle valve 43a is operated, a part of the exhaust gas being fed is discharged. It is possible to release and reduce the pressure in the feed passage 40. The pressure in the feeding passage 40 is 4 to 7 kgf / cm ² (about 0.4 to 0.7 MP under normal conditions).
The setting operation of the variable throttle valve 43a is performed so as to be about a). Therefore, the variable throttle valve 43a functions as an exhaust pressure reducing means. An accumulator (not shown) is connected to the port 43a of the block 43 in order to suppress pressure fluctuations in the feed passage 40 and the like.

A bypass valve 53a is buried in the other port of the manifold block 53, but this port is also open to the outside air. When the pressure difference between the intake air and the outside air in circulation exceeds a predetermined threshold value, the outside air is bypassed by the bypass valve 5
It is bypassed by 3a and flows into the flow passage, whereby the pressure in the flow passage 50 is maintained above the threshold value. Usually, this threshold value is about -500 to -600 mmHg (about-
0.06 to -0.08 MPa). Therefore,
The bypass valve 53a functions as an intake pressure adjusting means. By providing these exhaust pressure reducing means and intake pressure adjusting means, reliable operation of the diesel engine 30 is ensured.

With respect to the soil excavating device having such a structure,
The operation during use will be described. This soil excavating device comes into play when the asphalt or the like above the soil 70 is discharged by a power shovel or the like and the soil 70 covering the buried pipe 80 is exposed. First, in order to perform the installation work, the power shovel and the like are evacuated, and then the truck 60 is run backward and stopped immediately before the excavation site. Then, a cover (not shown) provided with a filter so as not to suck in foreign matters such as dust is removed from the intake port 31 of the engine 30, and the flexible hose 52 is connected by the attachment 51 instead. Further, the flexible hose 42 is connected to the tip of the muffler 32 with an attachment 42. Now you are ready.

Next, in order to perform soil excavation work, that is, to perform soil crushing and soil suction in parallel, one worker holds the handle portion 11 of the soil crushing unit 10 and uses the crushing blade 17 thereof. To the soil 70, the other worker holds the suction pipe 22 of the soil suction unit 20 and turns the soil suction port portion 21 toward the soil 70. Then, the engine 30 of the truck 60 is operated in the neutral gear state.

Then, the crushing blade 17 of the soil crushing unit 10 makes an orbiting motion using the exhaust gas of the engine 30 as a driving source, and the exhaust gas is also injected toward the soil below the crushing blade 17 using the exhaust gas of the engine 30 as a fumarolic source. It Therefore, one worker manipulates the handle portion 11 to crush the blade 17
When the soil 70 is brought into contact with the soil 70, the soil mass in that portion is rapidly dried by high-temperature exhaust gas injection and simultaneously mechanically crushed by the crushing blade 17, or mechanically crushed by the crushing blade 17 and exhausted simultaneously. The spray atomizes and blows it off, effectively crushing the soil.

After the engine 30 is operated, a vacuum suction force is introduced into the soil suction unit 20 by using the suction air of the engine 30 as a source to suck the outside air from the soil suction port portion 21. Therefore, when the other worker manipulates the suction pipe 22 of the soil suction unit 20 to bring the soil suction port portion 21 close to the soil crushed by the soil crushing unit 10, the soil is sucked and transferred by the soil suction unit 20. It is collected and collected in the sediment collection chamber 25a one after another.

Therefore, by appropriately moving the soil crushing unit 10 and the soil suction unit 20 and further digging the soil 70 that appears from below after crushing / suctioning, the existence of the buried pipe 80 can be confirmed. Since it is possible, the surroundings of the buried pipe 80 may be further dug down. As a result, the buried pipe 80 can be exposed without being damaged, the engine 30 is stopped, and the function of the soil excavator is completed.

Finally, in order to perform the removal work, the flexible hose 52 is removed from the intake port 31 of the engine 30 to cover it, and the flexible hose 42 is also removed from the muffler 32. After the soil crushing unit 10 and the soil suction unit 20 are placed on the bed 61 of the truck 60, the truck 60 is advanced to leave the excavation site. This completes the removal work.

When it is necessary to further dig further thereafter, excavation work using a power shovel or the like is performed again, but since the buried pipe 70 is exposed and the accurate position thereof is grasped, a shovel excavator is used. Even if it is used, it is possible to push the bucket into the soil while avoiding the buried object, so there is no problem such as crushing the buried object. Therefore, not only the excavation work by the soil excavator of the present invention, but also the entire excavation work combined with a power shovel,
Work can be performed with high efficiency without damaging buried objects.

Although the case where the engine of the truck is used as the engine of the soil excavator has been described above, the engine of the machine for civil engineering construction that can be used for excavating the soil of a power shovel, a belt conveyor, and the like. The engine of the main body of the transfer device that can be used for discharging and discharging the soil can also be used as the engine of the soil excavating device of the present invention. Also in this case, similarly to the above-described embodiment, the detachable exhaust gas supply passage may be attached to the exhaust port of the engine, and the detachable intake air flow passage may be attached to the intake port of the engine.

[0041]

As is apparent from the above description, in the soil excavating device of the present invention, the common use of the engine and the like makes it possible to significantly reduce the engine and the like. Therefore, an inexpensive and compact soil excavating device can be realized. Moreover, the energy efficiency is improved, and further, the crushing work is facilitated. Moreover, in addition to the above-described effects, a soil excavating device that operates stably can be realized. Further, it is possible to achieve an effect that it can be made more inexpensive and compact.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 shows an embodiment of a soil excavation device of the present invention,
FIG.

[Explanation of symbols]

 10 Soil Crushing Unit 20 Soil Suction Unit 30 Engine 40 Exhaust Feeding Channel 50 Intake Flow Channel 60 Truck 70 Soil 80 Buried Pipe

Claims (3)

[Claims] 1. A soil comprising a soil crushing unit for introducing pressure gas and crushing the soil by using this as a driving source or a fumarolic source, and a soil suction unit for introducing a negative pressure suction force and sucking and transferring the soil by this force. In an excavator, an engine, an exhaust feed path for feeding the exhaust gas of the engine as the pressure gas to the soil crushing unit, and an intake air of the engine as a source of the negative pressure suction force are circulated from the soil suction unit. A soil excavating device comprising an intake air passage. 2. An exhaust pressure reducing means for reducing the pressure in the exhaust gas supply passage, and an intake pressure adjusting means for keeping the pressure in the intake flow passage at a pressure equal to or higher than a predetermined threshold value. The soil excavator according to claim 1. 3. The soil excavating device according to claim 1, wherein the engine is an engine of a main body of any one of a transportation vehicle, a civil engineering construction machine, and a transportation device.