JP6565380B2 - Cutting device, cutting method and annular tool - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a cutting device, a cutting method, and an annular tool.

  In a cutting device, when cutting a workpiece made of a difficult-to-cut material such as titanium alloy or Inconel with a cutting tool such as a cutting tool, the cutting edge of the cutting tool comes into contact with the workpiece for a long time with a large cutting resistance. Further, high-temperature cutting heat is likely to be generated at the contact portion of the cutting edge, which may reduce the tool life.

  In view of this, for example, Patent Document 1 proposes a rotary cutting method in which a rotating shaft of a rotatable circular piece-shaped cutting tool is arranged in parallel to a cutting direction, and a workpiece is cut while rotating the cutting tool. Yes. In this rotary cutting method, since the cutting tool is rotating, the cutting heat generated in the cutting edge is distributed over the entire circumference, and the tool life can be improved.

JP 2011-161628 A

  Generally, the amount of cut when cutting a workpiece made of difficult-to-cut material needs to be smaller than the amount of cut when cutting a workpiece other than difficult-to-cut material. Is the same. For this reason, the processing time of a workpiece made of a difficult-to-cut material tends to be long. In order to shorten the machining time of a workpiece made of a difficult-to-cut material, it is only necessary to increase the depth of cut, but the wear of the cutting edge becomes severe and the tool life is shortened.

  The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a cutting apparatus, a cutting method, and an annular tool capable of shortening the processing time and improving the tool life.

(Cutting device)
Cutting device of the present invention, possess one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool distal end side than the top edge and the top edge of the annular, it said formed as tool tip side finishing edges, the tool base side as a roughing cutting edge An annular tool that is formed and has a cut in the finishing blade smaller than the cut in the roughing blade, a tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool about the axis of the annular tool, and holds the workpiece A workpiece holding table, and a control device that controls a relative position between the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table and rotation of the tool spindle, and the control device includes the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table. The position where the outer peripheral surface of the leading edge is a rake face and the end face of the leading edge is a flank, and the workpiece is processed with the leading edge while processing the workpiece with the leading edge. For machining in the subsequent blade.

In the cutting process using the annular tool, the subsequent blade performs the processing while processing the machining portion of the workpiece machined by the leading edge. Therefore, the cutting amount per feed of the annular tool is the same as that of the conventional tool. The amount of cut becomes larger than the feed amount, and the machining time can be shortened. Moreover, when the same cutting amount as the cutting amount processed with the conventional tool is processed with the annular tool, the force acting on one blade can be reduced, and the tool life can be improved. Further, the annular tool is formed as a finishing blade on the tip side of the tool, and is formed as a roughing blade on the tool base side. Since the cutting of the finishing blade is smaller than the cutting of the roughing blade, the machining surface accuracy can be improved.

(Cutting method)
Cutting method of the present invention, possess one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool distal end side than the top edge and the top edge of the annular, it said formed as tool tip side finishing edges, the tool base side as a roughing cutting edge An annular tool that is formed and has a cut in the finishing blade smaller than the cut in the roughing blade, a tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool about the axis of the annular tool, and holds the workpiece A cutting method of a cutting apparatus comprising a workpiece holding table, wherein the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table are relative to each other such that an outer peripheral surface of the leading edge is a rake face and an end face of the leading edge is a relief surface. A placement step of placing the workpieces in a positional relationship; and a machining step of machining a portion machined by the leading blade while the machining of the workpiece is performed by the leading blade. According to the cutting method of the present invention, the same effects as those of the above-described cutting apparatus can be obtained.

(Annular tool)
The annular tool of the present invention has an annular leading edge whose outer peripheral surface is a rake face and an end face is a flank surface, and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool leading end side from the leading edge, and the tool leading end side is finished. It is formed as a cutting edge, the tool root side is formed as a roughing edge, the incision of the finishing edge is smaller than the incision of the roughing edge, and the workpiece is machined with the leading edge while machining the workpiece with the leading edge. The processed part is processed with the subsequent blade. In the annular tool of the present invention, the subsequent blade performs the processing while processing the processing portion of the workpiece processed by the leading edge. Therefore, the cutting amount per one annular tool feed is one feed of the conventional tool. Therefore, the cutting time can be shortened and the machining time can be shortened. Moreover, when the same cutting amount as the cutting amount processed with the conventional tool is processed with the annular tool, the force acting on one blade can be reduced, and the tool life can be improved. Further, the annular tool is formed as a finishing blade on the tip side of the tool, and is formed as a roughing blade on the tool base side. Since the cutting of the finishing blade is smaller than the cutting of the roughing blade, the machining surface accuracy can be improved.

It is a figure showing the whole cutting device composition concerning an embodiment of the invention. It is the figure which looked at the annular tool of the 1st form used for the cutting device of Drawing 1 from the direction of a tool axis. It is the figure which looked at the annular tool of Drawing 2A from the direction perpendicular to a tool axis. It is a flowchart for demonstrating the cutting method using an annular tool. It is the figure which looked at the cutting state using an annular tool from the tool axis direction. It is the figure which looked at the cutting state of FIG. 4A from the direction orthogonal to a tool axis. It is an enlarged view near the cutting edge of the annular tool of FIG. 4B. It is the enlarged view which looked at the annular tool which gave the blade edge | tip process to the cutting blade from the direction orthogonal to a tool axis. It is the enlarged view which looked at the annular tool which performed another blade edge | tip process to the cutting blade from the direction orthogonal to a tool axis. It is the figure which looked at the annular tool provided with the chip breaker from the direction perpendicular to the tool axis. It is the figure which looked at the annular tool which provided another chip breaker from the tool-axis direction. It is the figure which looked at the annular tool of the 2nd form used for the cutting device of Drawing 1 from the direction perpendicular to a tool axis. It is the figure which looked at the cutting state with the annular tool of FIG. 8A from the direction perpendicular to the tool axis. It is the figure which looked at the annular tool of the 3rd form used for the cutting device of Drawing 1 from the direction perpendicular to a tool axis. It is the figure which looked at the cutting state of the plunge direction by the annular tool of the 1st form from the direction perpendicular to a tool axis. It is the figure which looked at the cutting state of the traverse direction with the annular tool of the 1st form from the direction perpendicular to a tool axis.

(1. Machine configuration of the cutting device)
As an example of the cutting apparatus, a 5-axis vertical machining center will be described as an example and will be described with reference to FIG. That is, the cutting device 1 is a machine having three linear axes (X, Y, Z axes) and two rotation axes (A axis, C axis) orthogonal to each other as drive axes.
As shown in FIG. 1, a cutting apparatus 1 includes a bed 2, a feed table 3, a column 4, a slider 5, a spindle head 6, a tool spindle 7, a tilt table 8, and a turntable 9 (the present invention). 2), an automatic tool changer 30, and a controller 100 or the like.

The bed 2 is formed in a rectangular plate shape and disposed on the floor. A table 3 and an automatic tool changer 30 are disposed on the bed 2. A column 4 is erected on the rear side of the bed 2.
The feed table 3 is provided on a guide member 31 disposed on the bed 2 and extending in the front-rear direction (Y-axis direction) so as to be slidable in the Y-axis direction. A feed table motor 33 having a ball screw mechanism 32 for sliding the feed table 3 in the Y-axis direction is provided in the guide member 31.
The column 4 is formed in a gate shape, and a slider 5 is disposed on the upper member 41 of the column 4.

The slider 5 is provided so as to be movable in the left-right direction (X-axis direction) along a guide surface 41 a formed on the front surface of the upper member 41 of the column 4. A slider motor 52 having a ball screw mechanism 51 for moving the slider 5 in the X-axis direction is provided on the upper member 41 of the column 4.
The spindle head 6 is provided so as to be movable in the vertical direction (Z-axis direction) along a guide surface 5 a formed on the front surface of the slider 5. A spindle head motor 62 having a ball screw mechanism 61 for moving the spindle head 6 in the Z-axis direction is provided in the slider 5.

  The tool spindle 7 extends in the Z-axis direction on the spindle head 6 and is supported so as to be rotatable around the Z-axis. A spindle motor 72 having a gear mechanism 71 that rotates the tool spindle 7 around the Z-axis is incorporated in the spindle head 6. A tool holder 73 is attached to the lower end of the tool spindle 7, and an annular tool 90 (190, 290) for cutting the workpiece W is detachably attached to the tool holder 73. That is, the annular tool 90 (190, 290) is attached to the spindle head 6 so as to be rotatable around the Z axis.

  The tilt table 8 is formed in a cradle shape and is supported by a pair of tilt table support portions 81 so as to be rotatable (swingable) about the A axis parallel to the Y axis with respect to the feed table 3. A turntable 9 is disposed on the upper surface of the tilt table 8. A tilt table motor 82 that rotates (swings) the tilt table 8 about the A axis is provided on one tilt table support portion 81.

The turntable 9 is formed in a disc shape, and is supported by the tilt table 8 so as to be rotatable around the C axis parallel to the Z axis with respect to the tilt table 8. A turntable motor 99 that rotationally drives the turntable 9 about the C axis is provided in the tilt table 8. A workpiece W is placed and fixed on the turntable 9.
The automatic tool changer 30 is provided with a plurality of annular tools 90 (not shown). The automatic tool changer 30 is configured to automatically change the annular tool 90 (190, 290) with the tool spindle 7.

  The control device 100 includes a feed table movement control unit 101, a slider movement control unit 102, a head movement control unit 103, a spindle rotation control unit 104, a tilt table rotation control unit 105, a turntable rotation control unit 106, and the like. Is provided. Here, each of the units 101 to 106 can be configured by individual hardware, or can be configured by software.

The feed table movement control unit 101 controls the rotational drive of the feed table motor 33 to reciprocate the feed table 3 along the guide member 31 in the Y-axis direction.
The slider movement control unit 102 controls the rotational drive of the slider motor 52 to reciprocate the slider 5 in the X axis direction along the guide surface 41a.
The head movement control unit 103 controls the rotational drive of the spindle head motor 62 to reciprocate the spindle head 6 in the Z-axis direction along the guide surface 5a.

The spindle rotation control unit 104 controls the rotation drive of the spindle motor 72 to drive the tool spindle 7 to rotate around the Z axis.
The tilt table rotation control unit 105 controls the rotational drive of the tilt table motor 82 to rotate (swing) the tilt table 8 about the A axis by a predetermined angle.
The turntable rotation control unit 106 controls the rotation drive of the turntable motor 99 to drive the turntable 9 to rotate about the C axis or to rotate by a predetermined angle.

  For example, when cutting a flat surface of a rectangular parallelepiped workpiece W, the control device 100 drives and controls the tilt table motor 82 to incline the workpiece W at a predetermined angle, and drives and controls the spindle motor 72. Then, the annular tool 90 is rotated, and the feed table motor 33, the slider motor 52, and the spindle head motor 62 are driven and controlled, and the annular tool 90 (190, 290) and the workpiece W are moved in the X-axis direction, By making relative movement in the Y-axis direction and the Z-axis direction, the annular tool 90 (190, 290) is cut into, for example, a flat upper surface of the workpiece W to cut the upper surface of the workpiece W.

(2. Shape of the annular tool of the first form)
As shown in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the annular tool 90 according to the first embodiment includes three right truncated cone tool bodies 91A, 91B, and 91C that are provided coaxially with the tool axis Rt and at different positions in the tool axis Rt direction. And a cylindrical tool shaft 92 extending from the small diameter end surface 91Aa of the tool main body 91A. The three tool bodies 91A, 91B, 91C are arranged in this order from the tool base (tool axis 92 side) of the annular tool 90 toward the tool tip. In the annular tool 90 of the first form, the tool main body 91A corresponds to the leading blade, and the tool main body 91B and the tool main body 91C correspond to the subsequent blade.

  The outer peripheral surface of each tool main body 91A, 91B, 91C is formed as a rake face 91Ab, 91Bb, 91Cb in the shape of a right conical surface, and the large-diameter end face of each tool main body 91A, 91B, 91C is a flat relief surface 91Ac, 91Bc. , 91Cc. The small-diameter end surface 91Ba on the base side of the tool main body 91B is provided so as to be in close contact with the flank 91Ac of the tool main body 91A, and the small-diameter end surface 91Ca on the base side of the tool main body 91C is in close contact with the flank 91Bc of the tool main body 91B. Is provided. And tool main part 91A, 91B, 91C and the tool axis | shaft 92 are integrally formed.

  The ridgeline formed by the rake surfaces 91Ab, 91Bb, 91Cb and the flank surfaces 91Ac, 91Bc, 91Cc of the tool bodies 91A, 91B, 91C is a continuous circular shape, that is, a circular cutting edge 91Ar, 91Br that is not divided in the middle. , 91Cr. The diameters da, db, and dc of the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, and 91Cr are formed so that the diameters thereof become smaller toward the tip of the tool, that is, the diameter da of the cutting edge 91Ar is the largest, and the diameter dc of the cutting edge 91Cr is the largest. It is formed in a small diameter, and the diameter db of the cutting edge 91Br is formed in an intermediate diameter.

  The cutting edge angle α formed by the rake faces 91Ab, 91Bb, 91Cb and the flank faces 91Ac, 91Bc, 91Cc of the tool bodies 91A, 91B, 91C when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the tool axis Rt is formed at the same angle. The This cutting edge angle α is formed at 45 degrees or more, preferably 70 degrees to 80 degrees, in order to maintain the strength of the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, 91Cr. As shown in FIG. 5, when the annular tool 90 cuts the flat upper surface Ws of the rectangular parallelepiped workpiece W in the G direction, the rake angle φ of each of the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, 91Cr, that is, the tool axis Rt. The angles φ formed by the rake faces 91Ab, 91Bb, 91Cb and the straight line Lt perpendicular to the upper surface Ws when viewed from the direction perpendicular to each other are formed to be the same positive angle.

  As shown in FIG. 5, among the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, 91Cr of the annular tool 90, the cutting edge 91Ar that is first cut into the upper surface Ws of the workpiece W is formed as a roughing blade, and then cut. The cutting edge 91Br going on is formed as an intermediate finishing blade, and the cutting edge 91Cr cut last is formed as a finishing blade. That is, the cutting edge 91Ar is cut with the cutting amount tb (≦ ta) where the cutting edge 91Ar is cut with the cutting amount ta, and the cutting blade 91Cr is cut with the cutting amount tc (≦ tb) where the cutting blade 91Br is cut. Formed.

  The cutting edge 91Ar of the roughing blade is required to have high heat resistance and high durability because the cutting amount ta is larger than the other cutting amounts tb and tc, and the cutting blade 91Cr of the finishing processing blade is required to increase the processing accuracy. High cutting performance is required, and the cutting edge 91Br of the intermediate finishing blade is required to have intermediate heat resistance, durability, and machinability. Therefore, it is desirable that the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, and 91Cr are formed so as to become higher hardness blades toward the tool tip. For example, the cutting edge 91Cr is a diamond tool, and the cutting edges 91Ar and 91Br are ceramic tools.

  Furthermore, it is desirable that the cutting edge shape of the cutting edge 91Ar of the rough machining edge is different from the cutting edge shape of the cutting edge 91Br of the intermediate finishing machining edge and the cutting edge 91Cr of the finishing machining edge. For example, the cutting edges 91Br and 91Cr are formed with a sharp edge, that is, a shape with a sharp edge, and the cutting edge 91Ar is formed with a cutting edge process, that is, an R shape shown in FIG. 6A or a C chamfered shape shown in FIG. 6B. The Since the cutting edge 91Ar is formed with the largest diameter as described above, the cooling effect by rotation is high, and it is suitable for a roughing blade.

  Since the annular tool 90 having the shape as described above includes the three cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, and 91Cr, the amount of cutting in one feed of the annular tool 90 increases, and the machining time can be shortened. Moreover, when the same cutting amount as the cutting amount processed by the conventional tool is processed by the annular tool 90, the force acting on one cutting edge 91Ar, 91Br or 91Cr can be reduced, and the tool life can be improved. Further, since the three cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, 91Cr can be made into a roughing cutting edge, a semi-finishing cutting edge, and a finishing cutting edge, it is possible to improve the processing surface accuracy with one feed of the annular tool 90.

  Further, the speed ratio of the peripheral speed of the outer peripheral surface of the tool main body 91C of the annular tool 90, for example, the peripheral speed of the cutting edge 91Cr and the moving speed of the contact point (cutting point) between the workpiece W and the cutting edge 91Cr is +1. When 0 (peripheral speed ≧ moving speed) is set and the speed ratio is increased in the order of the tool body 91B and the tool body 91A, the following effects are obtained. That is, the finishing accuracy can be improved with the cutting edge 91Cr, and the cutting edges 91Br and 91Ar are separated by being pulled by the outer peripheral surfaces of the tool main body 91B and the tool main body 91A, thereby increasing the chip discharging effect. When the speed ratio of the tool main body 91A is 1.0 and the speed ratio is lowered in the order of the tool main body 91B and the tool main body 91C, wear occurs in the order of the cutting edge 91Ar, the cutting edge 91Br, and the cutting edge 91Cr. It can be suppressed. In addition, when the speed ratio of the tool main body 91B is set to 1.0, the above averaged effect can be obtained.

  In addition, when the speed ratio of the tool main body 91C is set to +1.0, it is difficult to obtain a chip discharging effect, but a chip discharging effect can be obtained by providing a chip breaker on the rake face 91Cb. Specifically, as shown in FIG. 7A, an annular groove 91Cd is provided near the center of the rake face 91Cb in the height direction, and as shown in FIG. 7B, the rake face 91Cb extends in the height direction. By providing the annular grooves 91Ce at intervals of 90 degrees in the circumferential direction of the rake face 91Cb, the chips are divided at the grooves 91Cd and 91Ce, so that a chip discharging effect is obtained. The number of grooves 91Cd and 91Ce formed may be any number.

(3. Cutting method using an annular tool)
Next, a cutting method using the annular tool 90 will be described in the case of cutting the flat upper surface Ws of the rectangular parallelepiped workpiece W with reference to the flowchart of FIG. 3 and the cutting state diagrams of FIGS. 4A and 4B. . In the initial state, it is assumed that the tilt table 8 is positioned so that the C axis and the Z axis are parallel.

  First, the control device 100 rotates (swings) the tilt table 8 about the A axis to tilt the upper surface Ws of the workpiece W (step S1 in FIG. 3). Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the tilt table rotation control unit 105 controls the rotation drive of the tilt table motor 82 to rotate the tilt table 8 by 90 degrees-θ degrees around the A axis (swing). Motion) to drive. Here, θ is the difference between the cutting edge angle α and the rake angle φ.

  And the control apparatus 100 rotates the annular tool 90 (step S2 of FIG. 3). Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the spindle rotation control unit 104 controls the rotation drive of the spindle motor 72 to rotate the tool spindle 7 together with the annular tool 90 in the rotation direction rt around the rotation axis Rt. Drive.

  Then, the control device 100 positions the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, 91Cr of the annular tool 90 at the cutting points Pta, Ptb, Ptc on the upper surface Ws of the workpiece W (step S3 in FIG. 3). Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the feed table movement control unit 101 controls the rotational drive of the feed table motor 33 to move the feed table 3 along the guide member 31 in the Y-axis direction. The slider movement control unit 102 controls the rotational drive of the slider motor 52 to move the slider 5 in the X-axis direction along the guide surface 41a, and the head movement control unit 103 rotates the spindle head motor 62. Is controlled to move the spindle head 6 along the guide surface 5a in the Z-axis direction, so that the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, 91Cr of the annular tool 90 are cut at the cutting points Pta, Ptb, Ptc of the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W. Position each.

  And the control apparatus 100 cuts the upper surface Ws of the workpiece W by moving the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W relatively (step S4 of FIG. 3). Specifically, as shown in FIGS. 4A and 4B, the feed table movement control unit 101 controls the rotational drive of the feed table motor 33 to move the feed table 3 along the guide member 31 in the Y-axis direction. The slider movement control unit 102 controls the rotational drive of the slider motor 52 to move the slider 5 in the X-axis direction along the guide surface 41a, and the head movement control unit 103 rotates the spindle head motor 62. Is controlled to move the spindle head 6 along the guide surface 5a in the Z-axis direction, thereby moving the annular tool 90 and the workpiece W in the X-axis direction, the Y-axis direction, and the Z-axis direction. The upper surface Ws is cut in the G direction.

  At this time, as shown in FIG. 5, the annular tool 90 cuts the portion where the cutting edge 91Ar is cut with the cutting amount ta, the cutting blade 91Br cuts with the cutting amount tb (≦ ta), and cuts the portion where the cutting blade 91Br is cut. The blade 91Cr cuts with a cutting amount tc (≦ tb). Therefore, the upper surface Ws of the workpiece W is subjected to roughing, intermediate finishing, and finishing with a single feed of the annular tool 90. Further, the annular tool 90 exhibits a pulling action in which the tool outer peripheral surfaces of the tool bodies 91A, 91B, 91C are cut into the outer peripheral surface Ws of the workpiece W while the scooping surfaces 91Ab, 91Bb, 91Cb rotate. For this reason, the cutting resistance can be reduced by the cutting action, and the temperature of the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, 91Cr can be reduced, so that the tool life of the annular tool 90 can be improved. Therefore, even when the workpiece W is formed of a difficult-to-cut material such as a titanium alloy or Inconel where the temperature of the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, and 91Cr is a problem, cutting with the annular tool 90 is more efficient. Is possible.

  Then, the control device 100 determines whether or not the cutting process is completed (step S5 in FIG. 3), and when it is determined that the cutting process is not completed, the cutting process is continued. On the other hand, when it is determined that the cutting has been completed, the presence / absence of the next workpiece W is determined (step S6 in FIG. 3), and when it is determined that the next workpiece W is present, the current workpiece W is designated as the next workpiece W. They are exchanged (step S7 in FIG. 5), and the process returns to step S1 to repeat the above processing. On the other hand, when it is determined that there is no next workpiece W, the rotation of the annular tool 90 is stopped (step S8 in FIG. 5), and all the processes are ended.

(4. Shape of the annular tool of the second form)
The annular tool 90 of the first embodiment is formed so that the rake angle φ of each of the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, 91Cr is the same positive positive angle when cutting the flat upper surface Ws of the workpiece W. An annular tool having a cutting edge with a negative rake angle may be used. For example, as shown in FIG. 8A, the annular tool 190 includes two right truncated cone tool bodies 91D and 91E that are coaxial with the tool axis Rt and are provided at different positions in the tool axis Rt direction, and a small diameter of the tool body 91D. The cylindrical tool shaft 92 extends from the end surface 91Da. The two tool bodies 91D and 91E are provided side by side in this order from the tool base (tool axis 92 side) of the annular tool 190 toward the tool tip. In the annular tool 190 of the second form, the tool body 91D corresponds to the leading edge, and the tool body 91E corresponds to the trailing edge.

  The outer peripheral surfaces of the tool bodies 91D and 91E are formed as rake faces 91Db and 91Eb having a right conical surface, and the large-diameter end faces of the tool bodies 91D and 91E are formed as flat relief surfaces 91Dc and 91Ec. The small-diameter end surface 91Ea on the base side of the tool main body 91E is provided so as to be in close contact with the flank 91Dc of the tool main body 91D. The tool bodies 91D and 91E and the tool shaft 92 are formed as a single body. The ridge lines formed by the rake surfaces 91Db and 91Eb and the flank surfaces 91Dc and 91Ec of the tool bodies 91D and 91E are formed as continuous circular shapes, that is, circular cutting edges 91Dr and 91Er that are not divided in the middle. The diameters dd and de of the cutting edges 91Dr and 91Er are formed so as to decrease in diameter toward the tool tip.

  The cutting edge angle αd formed by the rake face 91Db of the tool body 91D and the flank face 91Dc when viewed from the direction perpendicular to the tool axis Rt is greater than the cutting edge angle αe formed by the rake face 91Eb of the tool body 91E and the flank face 91Ec. It is formed to be large. That is, as shown in FIG. 8B, when the annular tool 190 cuts the flat upper surface Ws of the workpiece W, the rake angle φd of the cutting edge 91Dr is negative, and the rake angle φe of the cutting edge 91Er is positive. Formed as follows. Thereby, the cutting edge 91Dr is improved in rigidity, and the cutting edge 91Er is improved in machinability.

(5. Shape of the annular tool of the third form)
Although the annular tools 90 and 190 of the first and second forms are formed as tools having a cutting blade, they may be formed as tools having a cutting blade and a grindstone. For example, as shown in FIG. 9, the annular tool 290 includes one right truncated cone-shaped tool body 91 </ b> F and one hemispherical grindstone 91 </ b> G that are provided coaxially with the tool axis Rt and at different positions in the tool axis Rt direction. And a tool shaft 92F connected to the grindstone 91G. In the annular tool 290 of the third form, the tool body 91F corresponds to the leading edge, and the grindstone 91G corresponds to the trailing edge.

  The outer peripheral surface of the tool body 91F is formed as a rake face 91Fb having a right conical surface shape, and the large-diameter end face of the tool body 91F is formed as a flat flank 91Fc. The ridge line formed by the rake face 91Fb and the flank face 91Fc of the tool body 91F is formed as a continuous circular shape, that is, a circular cutting edge 91Fr that is not divided in the middle. The diameter of the grindstone 91G is formed to be smaller than the diameter of the cutting edge 91Fr of the tool body 91F.

  The tool shaft 92F is provided so that one end side is inserted through a bearing 91bb into a through hole 91Fd drilled in the center of the tool body 91F, and the other end side extends from the small diameter end surface 91Fa. The grindstone 91G is forcibly driven and rotated at an arbitrary speed by the spindle motor 72, and the tool body 91F includes a cutting force in a direction perpendicular to the feed direction of the annular tool 290, and a feed force in the feed direction of the annular tool 290. The first tool shaft 92F is driven and rotated in accordance with the combined force of the first tool shaft 92F. With this annular tool 290, superfinishing can be performed with the grindstone 91G, so that the accuracy of the machined surface with a single feed can be further improved.

(6. Others)
In the above-described embodiment, the tool bodies 91A, 91B, 91C and the tool shaft 92 of the annular tool 90 of the first embodiment are formed as a single unit. However, the tool bodies 91A, 91B, 91C and the tool shaft 92 are formed as one body. It is good also as a structure which provides a part or all of these separately, and connects with a volt | bolt etc. The same applies to the tool bodies 91D and 91E and the tool shaft 92 of the annular tool 190 of the second embodiment. Further, the annular tool 90 of the first embodiment is configured to include the three tool bodies 91A, 91B, and 91C, but may be configured to include two or four or more tool bodies. The annular tool 190 of the second form may also be configured to include three or more tool bodies.

  Further, the diameters da, db, and dc of the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, and 91Cr of the annular tool 90 according to the first embodiment are formed so as to become smaller toward the tool tip, but may be formed to have the same diameter. Good. The same applies to the annular tool 190 of the second form. Further, the cutting amounts ta, tb, and tc of the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, and 91Cr of the annular tool 90 of the first embodiment are configured to be adjusted by the diameters of the cutting edges 91Ar, 91Br, and 91Cr, but the tool bodies 91A, 91B, It is good also as a structure adjusted with the thickness of the tool axis line Rt direction of 91C, or a structure adjusted with a diameter and thickness.

  Moreover, although the tool main body 91 of the annular tool 90 is formed in a truncated cone shape, the cross section perpendicular to the axis may be a circle, and may be formed in, for example, a cylindrical shape or an inverted truncated cone shape. In this case, since the flank may interfere with the workpiece W when the rake face is positive, the annular tool in this case makes the rake face negative or dents the flank face to cause interference with the workpiece W. To prevent. Moreover, although the grindstone 91G is formed in a hemispherical shape, it may be an annular grindstone, and may be formed in a cylindrical shape or a truncated cone shape, for example.

  Moreover, although the above-mentioned embodiment demonstrated the case where the flat upper surface Ws of the rectangular parallelepiped workpiece W was cut, when cutting the outer peripheral surface WWs of the cylindrical workpiece WW in the circumferential direction, that is, X ( The same applies to the processing by plunge) direction feed. That is, as shown in FIG. 10, the angle between the tool axis Rt of the annular tool 90 and the tangent Lf passing through the cutting point Pta of the cutting edge 91Ar is set to be in the state of θ. Then, the outer peripheral surface WWs of the workpiece WW is cut in the Gp direction by rotating the annular tool 90 around the tool axis Rt in the rotation direction rt and rotating the workpiece W around the rotation axis Rw in the rotation direction rw. To do.

  The same applies to the case where the outer peripheral surface WWs of the cylindrical workpiece WW is cut in the direction of the rotation axis Rw, that is, the Z (traverse) direction feed. That is, as shown in FIG. 11, the angle between the tool axis Rt of the annular tool 90 and the workpiece WW and the rotation axis Rw is set so as to be in the state of θ. Then, the annular tool 90 is rotated in the rotation direction rt around the tool axis Rt, and the workpiece W is rotated in the rotation direction rw around the rotation axis Rw, so that the annular tool 90A is parallel to the rotation axis Rw of the workpiece WW. Or by sending the workpiece WW in a direction parallel to the rotation axis Rw without feeding the annular tool 90, the outer peripheral surface WWs of the workpiece WW is cut in the Gt direction.

(7. Effect)
The cutting apparatus 1 according to the present embodiment includes annular tool blades 90, 190 having annular leading blades 91A, 91D, 91F and trailing blades 91B, 91C, 91E, 91G provided on the tool tip side from the leading blades 91A, 91D, 91F. 290, an annular tool 90, 190, 290 is attached, a tool spindle 71 that rotates the annular tool 90, 190, 290 about the axis Rt of the annular tool, a workpiece holder 9 that holds the workpiece W, and a tool And a control device 100 that controls the relative position between the spindle 71 and the workpiece holder 9 and the rotation of the tool spindle 71. And the control apparatus 100 makes the tool spindle 71 and the workpiece holding base 9 the scooping surfaces 91Ab, 91Db, 91Fb on the outer peripheral surfaces of the leading blades 91A, 91D, 91F, and the flank surfaces of the leading blades 91A, 91D, 91F. The annular tools 90, 190, and 290 are arranged in a relative positional relationship of 91Ac, 91Dc, and 91Fc, and the workpiece W is processed with the leading edges 91A, 91D, and 91F, and the workpieces are processed with the leading edges 91A, 91D, and 91F. The part is processed by the subsequent blades 91B, 91C, 91E, 91G.

  Since the annular tools 90, 190, and 290 are provided with a plurality of blades, the cutting amount in one feed is larger than the cutting amount in one conventional tool feed, thereby shortening the machining time. I can plan. Moreover, when the same cutting amount as the cutting amount processed by the conventional tool is processed by the annular tool 90, the force acting on each blade can be reduced, and the tool life can be improved.

Further, since the leading blades 91A, 91D, 91F and the succeeding blades 91B, 91C, 91E, 91G are provided on the same axis, the force acting on each blade can be reliably reduced.
Further, since the annular tools 90 and 190 are formed so as to become small-diameter blades toward the tool tip, the tool base-side blades 91A and 91D have a large diameter, and a cooling effect by rotation is obtained.
In addition, the annular tool 90 is formed as a finishing blade on the tip side of the tool, and is formed as a roughing blade on the tool base side. Since the cutting of the finishing blade is smaller than the cutting of the roughing blade, the machining surface accuracy can be improved.

The annular tool 90 has a semi-finishing blade formed between the finishing blade and the roughing blade, and the cutting of the intermediate finishing blade is larger than the cutting of the finishing blade and smaller than the cutting of the roughing blade. The force acting on the blade can be further reduced, and the tool life can be further improved.
Further, since the annular tools 90 and 190 are formed so as to become high hardness blades toward the tool tip, the blades 91C and 91E on the tool tip side are suitable as finishing blades.

Further, since the annular tool 90 is formed so that the tool tip side is a sharp edge, and the tool root side is formed as a blade with a blade edge processed, the blade 91C on the tool tip side is suitable as a finishing blade. The blade 91A on the tool base side is suitable for a roughing blade.
Further, the trailing blade 91E is formed in an annular shape with the outer peripheral surface being a rake surface 91Eb, and the annular tool 190 has a larger rake angle of the outer peripheral surface when viewed from a direction perpendicular to the axis of the annular tool 190 toward the tool tip. The blade is formed to be a blade (in other words, a blade having a small blade edge angle formed by the outer peripheral surface and the end surface). That is, the leading edge 91D has a rake angle φd formed on the outer peripheral surface as a negative rake angle, and the trailing blade 91E has a rake angle φe formed on the outer peripheral surface as a positive rake angle (in other words, the outer peripheral surface of the subsequent blade 91E). The edge angle αe formed between the end face and the end face is smaller than the edge angle αd formed between the outer peripheral face of the leading edge 91D and the end face), so that the cutting edge 91Dr has improved rigidity, and the cutting edge 91Er has a cutting property. Can be enhanced.

Moreover, since the chip breaker 91Cd or 91Ce is formed in the blade 91C on the tool tip side, the annular tool 90 can prevent the chips from being entangled with the workpiece W or the like.
Further, the annular tool 290 is formed as a blade 91G that is forcibly driven by a driving source on the tool tip side, and is formed as a blade 91F that is driven by a cutting force, so that a grindstone can be applied as the blade 91G.
Moreover, since the grindstone 91G is formed in the tool cutting edge, and the cutting blade 91F is formed in parts other than a tool cutting edge, the cyclic | annular tool 290 can further improve a processing surface precision.

  The cutting method of the present embodiment is an annular tool 90, 190, 290 having annular leading blades 91A, 91D, 91F and subsequent blades 91B, 91C, 91E, 91G provided on the tool tip side from the leading blades 91A, 91D, 91F. A tool spindle 71 for attaching the annular tools 90, 190, 290, rotating the annular tools 90, 190, 290 about the axis Rt of the annular tools 90, 190, 290, and a workpiece holder for holding the workpiece W 9, the tool spindle 71 and the work holding base 9 are made to have the outer peripheral surfaces of the leading edges 91A, 91D, 91F as rake faces 91Ab, 91Db, 91Fb, and the leading edge 91A, An arrangement step of arranging the end faces of 91D and 91F in a relative positional relationship in which the flank faces 91Ac, 91Dc, and 91Fc and the leading edges 91A, 91D, and 91F While working crop W, provided the top edge 91A, 91D, subsequent blade 91B the processed portion with 91F, 91C, 91E, and machining process for machining at 91G, the. According to the cutting method of the present embodiment, the same effects as the effects in the cutting apparatus 1 described above can be obtained.

  The annular tools 90, 190, and 290 of the present embodiment have annular leading edges 91A, 91D, 91F, and leading edges 91A, whose outer peripheral surfaces are rake faces 91Ab, 91Db, 91Fb and whose end faces are flank faces 91Ac, 91Dc, 91Fc. It has subsequent blades 91B, 91C, 91E, 91G provided on the tool tip side from 91D, 91F, and is processed by the leading blades 91A, 91D, 91F while machining the workpiece W with the leading blades 91A, 91D, 91F. The processed part is processed by the subsequent blades 91B, 91C, 91E, 91G. In the annular tools 90, 190, and 290 of the present embodiment, the subsequent blades 91B, 91C, 91E, and 91G are processed while processing the processed portion of the workpiece W processed by the leading blades 91A, 91D, and 91F. The amount of cut when the annular tools 90, 190, and 290 are fed is larger than the amount of cut when the conventional tool is fed once, so that the machining time can be shortened. Moreover, when the same cutting amount as the cutting amount processed with the conventional tool is processed with the annular tool, the force acting on one blade can be reduced, and the tool life can be improved.

  DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1: Cutting apparatus, 9: Workpiece holding stand, 71: Tool spindle, 100: Control apparatus, 90, 190, 290: Annular tool, 91Ab, 91Bb, 91Cb, 91Db, 91Eb, 91Fb: Rake face, 91Ac, 91Bc, 91Cc, 91Fc: flank, 91Ar, 91Br, 91Cr, 91Dc, 91Ec, 91Dr, 91Er, 91Fr: cutting edge, 91G: grinding wheel, W, WW: workpiece

Claims (23)

Have a leading edge and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool distal end side than the leading edge of the annular, the tool tip side is formed as a finishing cutting edge, the tool base side is formed as a roughing cutter, said finishing cutter An annular tool whose cutting is smaller than the cutting of the roughing blade ,
A tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool;
A workpiece holder for holding the workpiece;
A control device for controlling the relative position between the tool spindle and the workpiece holder and the rotation of the tool spindle;
With
The controller is
The tool spindle and the workpiece holder are arranged in a relative positional relationship in which the outer peripheral surface of the leading edge is a rake face, and the end face of the leading edge is a flank face,
The cutting apparatus which processes the location processed with the leading blade with the trailing blade while processing the workpiece with the leading blade.   An annular head blade and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool tip side from the head blade, and an annular tool formed so as to become a high-hardness blade toward the tool tip;
  A tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool;
  A workpiece holder for holding the workpiece;
  A control device for controlling the relative position between the tool spindle and the workpiece holder and the rotation of the tool spindle;
  With
  The controller is
  The tool spindle and the workpiece holder are arranged in a relative positional relationship in which the outer peripheral surface of the leading edge is a rake face, and the end face of the leading edge is a flank face,
  The cutting apparatus which processes the location processed with the leading blade with the trailing blade while processing the workpiece with the leading blade.   An annular head blade and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool tip side from the head blade, and the subsequent blade is formed in an annular shape in which an outer peripheral surface is a rake face, and the tool axis is directed toward the tool tip. An annular tool formed so as to be a blade having a large rake angle of the outer peripheral surface viewed from a direction perpendicular to
  A tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool;
  A workpiece holder for holding the workpiece;
  A control device for controlling the relative position between the tool spindle and the workpiece holder and the rotation of the tool spindle;
  With
  The controller is
  The tool spindle and the workpiece holder are arranged in a relative positional relationship in which the outer peripheral surface of the leading edge is a rake face, and the end face of the leading edge is a flank face,
  The cutting apparatus which processes the location processed with the leading blade with the trailing blade while processing the workpiece with the leading blade.   It has an annular leading blade and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool tip side from the leading blade, the tool tip side is formed as a blade that is forcibly driven by a drive source, and the tool root side is driven by cutting force. An annular tool formed as a blade,
  A tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool;
  A workpiece holder for holding the workpiece;
  A control device for controlling the relative position between the tool spindle and the workpiece holder and the rotation of the tool spindle;
  With
  The controller is
  The tool spindle and the workpiece holder are arranged in a relative positional relationship in which the outer peripheral surface of the leading edge is a rake face, and the end face of the leading edge is a flank face,
  The cutting apparatus which processes the location processed with the leading blade with the trailing blade while processing the workpiece with the leading blade. The cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the leading blade and the trailing blade are provided coaxially. The cutting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the annular tool is formed to have a small-diameter blade toward the tool tip. Said annular tool, said formed as tool tip side finishing edges, formed as a roughing blades tool base side, the finishing smaller cuts of processing blade cuts said roughing blade claim 2-6 The cutting device according to one item. In the annular tool, an intermediate finishing blade is formed between the finishing blade and the roughing blade, and the cutting of the intermediate finishing blade is larger than the cutting of the finishing blade and smaller than the cutting of the roughing blade. The cutting device according to claim 1 or 7 . The cutting apparatus according to any one of claims 1 and 3-8 , wherein the annular tool is formed to have a high hardness blade toward the tool tip. 10. The cutting apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the annular tool is formed so that a tool tip side is a sharp-edged blade, and a tool base side is formed as a blade having a blade edge processed. The trailing blade is formed in an annular shape whose outer peripheral surface is a rake face,
It said annular tool is formed such that the blade rake angle is larger formed by the outer circumferential surface as viewed from a direction perpendicular to the axis of the annular tool toward the free tool tip, according to claim 1, 2,4-10 The cutting apparatus as described in any one of these. The leading edge has a negative rake angle formed on the outer peripheral surface,
The cutting device according to claim 3 or 11 , wherein the trailing blade has a rake angle formed on an outer peripheral surface as a positive rake angle. The cutting device according to any one of claims 1 to 12 , wherein the annular tool has a chip breaker formed on a blade on a tool tip side. It said annular tool is formed as a blade tool tip end is forced driven by the drive source, the tool base side is formed as a blade driven driven by a cutting force, any one of claims 1 -3,5-13 The cutting device described in 1. The cutting apparatus according to claim 4 or 14 , wherein the annular tool has a grindstone formed at a cutting edge of the tool and a cutting blade is formed at a portion other than the cutting edge of the tool. Have a leading edge and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool distal end side than the leading edge of the annular, the tool tip side is formed as a finishing cutting edge, the tool base side is formed as a roughing cutter, said finishing cutter An annular tool whose incision is smaller than that of the roughing blade, a tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool around the axis of the annular tool, and a workpiece holder that holds the workpiece. A cutting method for a cutting apparatus comprising:
An arrangement step of arranging the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table in a relative positional relationship in which an outer peripheral surface of the leading blade is a rake surface and an end surface of the leading blade is a flank surface;
While performing the workpiece with the leading blade, a processing step of processing the portion processed with the leading blade with the subsequent blade;
A cutting method comprising:   An annular tool having an annular leading blade and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool tip side from the leading blade, the annular tool being formed to become a high-hardness blade toward the tool tip, and the annular tool A cutting method of a cutting apparatus comprising: a tool spindle that rotates and rotates the annular tool around an axis of the annular tool; and a workpiece holding table that holds the workpiece,
  An arrangement step of arranging the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table in a relative positional relationship in which an outer peripheral surface of the leading blade is a rake surface and an end surface of the leading blade is a flank surface;
  While performing the workpiece with the leading blade, a processing step of processing the portion processed with the leading blade with the subsequent blade;
A cutting method comprising:   An annular head blade and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool tip side from the head blade, and the subsequent blade is formed in an annular shape in which an outer peripheral surface is a rake face, and the tool axis is directed toward the tool tip. An annular tool formed so as to be a blade having a large rake angle on the outer peripheral surface viewed from a direction perpendicular to the tool, and a tool spindle for attaching the annular tool and rotating the annular tool about the axis of the annular tool; A cutting method of a cutting device comprising a workpiece holding table for holding a workpiece,
  An arrangement step of arranging the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table in a relative positional relationship in which an outer peripheral surface of the leading blade is a rake surface and an end surface of the leading blade is a flank surface;
  While performing the workpiece with the leading blade, a processing step of processing the portion processed with the leading blade with the subsequent blade;
A cutting method comprising:   It has an annular leading blade and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool tip side from the leading blade, the tool tip side is formed as a blade that is forcibly driven by a drive source, and the tool root side is driven by cutting force. A cutting tool comprising: an annular tool formed as a cutting blade; a tool spindle that attaches the annular tool and rotates the annular tool around an axis of the annular tool; and a workpiece holder that holds the workpiece. A method,
  An arrangement step of arranging the tool spindle and the workpiece holding table in a relative positional relationship in which an outer peripheral surface of the leading blade is a rake surface and an end surface of the leading blade is a flank surface;
  While performing the workpiece with the leading blade, a processing step of processing the portion processed with the leading blade with the subsequent blade;
A cutting method comprising: An outer peripheral surface is a rake face and an end face is a flank face, and has an annular leading edge and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool tip side from the leading edge, and the tool tip side is formed as a finishing blade, The base side is formed as a roughing blade, the cut of the finishing blade is smaller than the cutting of the roughing blade, and the workpiece processed by the leading blade is processed by the trailing blade while the workpiece is processed by the leading blade. An annular tool for machining.   It has an annular leading edge whose outer peripheral surface is a rake surface and an end surface is a flank surface, and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool tip side from the leading blade, and becomes a blade with higher hardness toward the tool tip. An annular tool that is formed as described above, and that processes the workpiece with the leading edge while machining the portion machined with the leading edge with the trailing edge.   A ring-shaped leading edge whose outer peripheral surface is a rake surface and an end surface is a flank surface, and one or more subsequent blades provided on the tool tip side from the leading blade, and a direction perpendicular to the tool axis toward the tool tip An annular shape formed so as to be a blade having a large rake angle on the outer peripheral surface viewed from the above, and processing a workpiece with the leading blade while processing the portion processed with the leading blade with the subsequent blade. tool.   An annular leading edge whose outer peripheral surface is a rake face and an end face is a flank face and one or more subsequent blades provided closer to the tool tip side than the leading edge, and the tool tip side is forcibly driven by a drive source An annular tool that is formed as a blade whose tool base side is driven by a cutting force and that processes a workpiece with the leading edge while machining the portion machined with the leading edge with the trailing blade. .

Images