JP6269069B2 - Concentrating device, photovoltaic device, and manufacturing method of concentrating device - Google Patents

Concentrating device, photovoltaic device, and manufacturing method of concentrating device Download PDF

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JP6269069B2
JP6269069B2 JP2014000861A JP2014000861A JP6269069B2 JP 6269069 B2 JP6269069 B2 JP 6269069B2 JP 2014000861 A JP2014000861 A JP 2014000861A JP 2014000861 A JP2014000861 A JP 2014000861A JP 6269069 B2 JP6269069 B2 JP 6269069B2
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JP2015130389A (en
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達雄 丹羽
達雄 丹羽
達也 千賀
達也 千賀
高広 倉島
高広 倉島
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Nikon Corp
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    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
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    • Y02E10/52—PV systems with concentrators

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Description

本発明は、集光装置、その集光装置を備える光発電装置、その集光装置の製造方法に関する。   The present invention relates to a light collecting device, a photovoltaic device including the light collecting device, and a method for manufacturing the light collecting device.

表面から入射した光を裏面から出射する第１プリズム部材と、その第１プリズム部材の裏面に対向して設けられた第２プリズム部材とを備える集光装置が知られている（特許文献１）。   A condensing device including a first prism member that emits light incident from the front surface from the back surface and a second prism member provided to face the back surface of the first prism member is known (Patent Document 1). .

国際公開第２０１３／０５８３８１号International Publication No. 2013/058381

特許文献１に記載の集光装置では、図１２に示されるように、第２プリズム部材３２０は、その入射面３２１が、導光面３２１１と連絡面３２１３が反射面３２１２から周期的に突出する複雑な形状を有している。このような複雑な形状の光学部材は、アクリルなどの樹脂材料を用いれば形成し易い。しかし、樹脂材料は紫外域と赤外域の光の透過率が低い。太陽光は第２プリズム部材３２０中の比較的長い距離を進むため、第２プリズム部材３２０が樹脂材料により形成されている場合には、太陽光に含まれている紫外光や赤外光が吸収されて集光効率が低下してしまう。特に、赤外光については相当量が吸収されてしまう。第２プリズム部材３２０がガラスにより形成されている場合には、樹脂により形成した場合に比べて集光率は高い。しかし、ガラスにより第２プリズム部材３２０のような複雑な形状を加工することは難しい。   In the light collecting device described in Patent Document 1, as shown in FIG. 12, the second prism member 320 has a light incident surface 321 and a light guide surface 3211 and a communication surface 3213 that periodically protrude from the reflective surface 3212. It has a complicated shape. Such a complicated-shaped optical member can be easily formed by using a resin material such as acrylic. However, the resin material has low light transmittance in the ultraviolet and infrared regions. Since sunlight travels a relatively long distance in the second prism member 320, when the second prism member 320 is formed of a resin material, ultraviolet light and infrared light contained in the sunlight are absorbed. As a result, the light collection efficiency decreases. In particular, a considerable amount of infrared light is absorbed. When the second prism member 320 is made of glass, the light collection rate is higher than when the second prism member 320 is made of resin. However, it is difficult to process a complicated shape such as the second prism member 320 with glass.

本発明は、以上のような事情に鑑みてなされたものであり、太陽光の透過率が優れた第２プリズム部材を用いることにより、集光効率に優れた集光装置、その集光装置を備える光発電装置、および、その集光装置の製造方法を提供することを目的とする。   The present invention has been made in view of the circumstances as described above. By using the second prism member having excellent sunlight transmittance, a light collecting device having excellent light collecting efficiency, and the light collecting device are provided. It is an object of the present invention to provide a photovoltaic device and a method for manufacturing the light collecting device.

本発明による集光装置は、互いに対向する第１の表面と第１の裏面とを有する第１の光学部材と、互いに対向する第２の表面と第２の裏面とを有し、第２の表面が第１の裏面に対向するように配置される第２の光学部材と、を備え、第１の光学部材は、第１の表面に入射する光束を集光する複数の集光構造が互いに平行に第１の表面に配列されるとともに、複数の集光構造によって集光された集光光束をそれぞれ偏向する複数の偏向構造が互いに平行に複数の集光構造に対応するように第１の裏面に配列され、複数の集光構造の各々は、光束の入射側に凸構造を有し、複数の偏向構造の各々は、偏向面と出射面とを有し、偏向面によって偏向された集光光束を出射面から出射し、第２の光学部材は、出射面から出射された集光光束を受光する複数の受光構造が互いに平行に複数の偏向構造に対応するように第２の表面に突設され、複数の受光構造の各々が受光した集光光束を第２の裏面が反射し、第２の光学部材の本体部はガラス材料からなり、複数の受光構造の各々は樹脂材料からなり、本体部に接合されていることを特徴とする。 The light collecting device according to the present invention includes a first optical member having a first surface and a first back surface facing each other, a second surface and a second back surface facing each other, and a second optical member. A second optical member disposed so that the front surface faces the first back surface, and the first optical member has a plurality of condensing structures that condense light beams incident on the first surface. A plurality of deflecting structures arranged in parallel on the first surface and deflecting the condensed light beams collected by the plurality of light collecting structures respectively correspond to the plurality of light collecting structures in parallel with each other. Arranged on the back surface, each of the plurality of condensing structures has a convex structure on the incident side of the light beam, and each of the plurality of deflecting structures has a deflecting surface and an exit surface, and is concentrated by the deflecting surface. The light beam is emitted from the emission surface, and the second optical member receives the condensed light beam emitted from the emission surface. The plurality of light receiving structures are projected on the second surface so as to correspond to the plurality of deflection structures in parallel with each other, and the second back surface reflects the condensed light beam received by each of the plurality of light receiving structures, The main body portion of the optical member is made of a glass material, and each of the plurality of light receiving structures is made of a resin material and is joined to the main body portion.

本発明によれば、集光効率に優れた集光装置、その集光装置を備える光発電装置、およびその集光装置の製造方法を提供することができる。   ADVANTAGE OF THE INVENTION According to this invention, the condensing apparatus excellent in condensing efficiency, a photovoltaic device provided with the condensing apparatus, and the manufacturing method of the condensing apparatus can be provided.

本発明の第１の実施の形態における集光装置を用いた光発電装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the photovoltaic device using the condensing apparatus in the 1st Embodiment of this invention. （ａ）ＡＭ１．５（Air Mass 1.5）の測定条件で測定された太陽光の直達日射量の波長特性を示す図である。（ｂ）樹脂材料の一例であるＰＭＭＡ（ポリメチルメタクリレート）と、ガラスの一例であるＢＫ７の各透過率の波長特性を示す図である。(A) It is a figure which shows the wavelength characteristic of the direct solar radiation amount of sunlight measured on the measurement conditions of AM1.5 (Air Mass 1.5). (B) It is a figure which shows the wavelength characteristic of each transmittance | permeability of PMMA (polymethylmethacrylate) which is an example of a resin material, and BK7 which is an example of glass. 多接合型の光電変換素子の構造の一例を模式的に表した図である。It is the figure which represented typically an example of the structure of a multijunction type photoelectric conversion element. 多接合型の光電変換素子の各層の量子効率の波長特性を示す。The wavelength characteristic of the quantum efficiency of each layer of a multi-junction photoelectric conversion element is shown. （ａ）ＰＭＭＡを介して多接合型の光電変換素子に太陽光を導いた場合の、ＰＭＭＡの厚さと各層の単位受光面積あたりの出力電流の関係示す図である。（ｂ）ＢＫ７を介して多接合型の光電変換素子に太陽光を導いた場合の、ＢＫ７の厚さと各層の単位受光面積あたりの出力電流の関係を示す図である。(A) It is a figure which shows the relationship between the thickness of PMMA and the output current per unit light-receiving area of each layer at the time of introduce | transducing sunlight to a multijunction type photoelectric conversion element through PMMA. (B) It is a figure which shows the relationship between the thickness of BK7 and the output current per unit light-receiving area of each layer at the time of introduce | transducing sunlight to a multijunction type photoelectric conversion element through BK7. 本発明の第２の実施の形態における集光装置を用いた光発電装置の概略構成図である。It is a schematic block diagram of the photovoltaic device using the condensing apparatus in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention. 本発明の第２の実施の形態における集光装置に備わる第２プリズム部材の樹脂部の近傍を拡大した図である。It is the figure which expanded the vicinity of the resin part of the 2nd prism member with which the condensing apparatus in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is equipped. （ａ），（ｂ）本発明の第２の実施の形態における集光装置に備わる第２プリズム部材の樹脂部の成形方法を示す図である。(A), (b) It is a figure which shows the shaping | molding method of the resin part of the 2nd prism member with which the condensing apparatus in the 2nd Embodiment of this invention is equipped. 本発明に係る集光装置の生産方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。It is a flowchart which shows an example of the manufacturing method of the condensing device which concerns on this invention. 第１プリズム部材を第２プリズム部材から剥離する方法を示す図である。It is a figure which shows the method of peeling a 1st prism member from a 2nd prism member. 本発明に係る集光装置の平面図の一例である。It is an example of the top view of the condensing apparatus which concerns on this invention. 従来の集光装置における接合部周辺の拡大図である。It is an enlarged view of a junction part periphery in the conventional light collecting device.

（第１の実施の形態）
図１は、本発明の第１の実施の形態における集光装置を用いた光発電装置の概略構成図である。図１に例示される光発電装置１は、第１プリズム部材３１０ａおよび第２プリズム部材３２０ａからなる集光装置３００ａと、多接合型の光電変換素子３３０とを備える。 (First embodiment)
FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram of a photovoltaic power generation device using a light condensing device according to a first embodiment of the present invention. The photovoltaic device 1 illustrated in FIG. 1 includes a condensing device 300a including a first prism member 310a and a second prism member 320a, and a multijunction photoelectric conversion element 330.

第１プリズム部材３１０ａは、図１２に示す特許文献１の第１プリズム部材３１０と同一である。すなわち、第１プリズム部材３１０ａは、光を入射させる表面に複数の集光構造３１１が互いに平行に配列されるとともに、集光構造３１１に集光された集光光束を斜めに偏向させて出射させる複数の偏向構造３１５が互いに平行に裏面に配列されている。複数の集光構造３１１と複数の偏向構造３１５は、ｘ軸方向に同一ピッチで配列されており、一対一の対応関係がある。   The first prism member 310a is the same as the first prism member 310 of Patent Document 1 shown in FIG. In other words, the first prism member 310a has a plurality of condensing structures 311 arranged in parallel to each other on the surface on which light is incident, and emits the condensed light beam condensed on the condensing structure 311 obliquely. A plurality of deflection structures 315 are arranged on the back surface in parallel to each other. The plurality of light collecting structures 311 and the plurality of deflection structures 315 are arranged at the same pitch in the x-axis direction and have a one-to-one correspondence.

第２プリズム部材３２０ａは、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの表面が第１プリズム部材３１０ａの裏面に対向するように設けられる。第２プリズム部材３２０ａは、三角柱形状の本体部３２７と、本体部３２７の上面３２７１の上にｘ軸方向に周期的に配列された複数の凸部３２８とを有する。本体部３２７には、太陽光の広い波長域に対して高い透過率を有するガラス、例えば光学ガラスＢＫ７を用いる。   The second prism member 320a is provided so that the surface of the second prism member 320a faces the back surface of the first prism member 310a. The second prism member 320a has a triangular prism main body 327 and a plurality of convex portions 328 arranged periodically on the upper surface 3271 of the main body 327 in the x-axis direction. For the main body 327, glass having high transmittance with respect to a wide wavelength range of sunlight, for example, optical glass BK7 is used.

第２プリズム部材３２０ａの凸部３２８は、第１プリズム部材３１０ａの出射光を受光する受光構造を構成する。第２プリズム部材３２０ａは、凸部３２８で受光した、すなわち凸部３２８に入射した光を出射面３２５に導く。出射面３２５は、上面３２７１および反射構造３２２のそれぞれと接しているとともに、光電変換素子３３０が接着されている。光電変換素子３３０は、出射面３２５に導かれ出射面３２５から出射した光を受光して光電変換する。   The convex portion 328 of the second prism member 320a constitutes a light receiving structure that receives the emitted light of the first prism member 310a. The second prism member 320 a guides the light received by the convex portion 328, that is, the light incident on the convex portion 328 to the emission surface 325. The emission surface 325 is in contact with each of the upper surface 3271 and the reflection structure 322, and the photoelectric conversion element 330 is bonded thereto. The photoelectric conversion element 330 receives the light guided to the emission surface 325 and emitted from the emission surface 325 and photoelectrically converts it.

凸部３２８には、複雑な形状を容易に形成可能な紫外線硬化樹脂を用いる。凸部３２８の屈折率は、本体部３２７の屈折率と略同一であることが好ましい。凸部３２８は、適当な型を用意し、本体部３２７の上面３２７１に紫外線硬化樹脂を塗布した後、型を紫外線硬化樹脂に押し当て、その状態で紫外線を照射して硬化させることで形成することができる。   For the convex portion 328, an ultraviolet curable resin capable of easily forming a complicated shape is used. The refractive index of the convex part 328 is preferably substantially the same as the refractive index of the main body part 327. The convex portion 328 is formed by preparing an appropriate mold, applying an ultraviolet curable resin to the upper surface 3271 of the main body 327, pressing the mold against the ultraviolet curable resin, and irradiating and curing the ultraviolet ray in that state. be able to.

偏向構造３１５の第２面３１７（図１２参照）と、凸部３２８の導光面３２１１とは、接合部３１９により接合されている。接合部３１９の屈折率は、第１プリズム部材３１０ａの屈折率と第２プリズム部材３２０ａの屈折率と略同一であることが好ましい。   The second surface 317 (see FIG. 12) of the deflection structure 315 and the light guide surface 3211 of the convex portion 328 are joined by a joint portion 319. The refractive index of the joint 319 is preferably substantially the same as the refractive index of the first prism member 310a and the refractive index of the second prism member 320a.

偏向構造３１５から出射した光は、接合部３１９を透過して導光面３２１１（図１２参照）から第２プリズム部材３２０ａに入射する。第２プリズム部材３２０ａに入射した光は、本体部３２７と凸部３２８との境界を透過して、本体部３２７の反射構造３２２で全反射され、再び本体部３２７と凸部３２８との境界を透過して、凸部３２８の反射面３２１２で全反射される。第２プリズム部材３２０ａの入射光は、本体部３２７の反射構造３２２と凸部３２８の反射面３２１２との間で繰り返し全反射して出射面３２５へ導かれる。   The light emitted from the deflection structure 315 passes through the joint portion 319 and enters the second prism member 320a from the light guide surface 3211 (see FIG. 12). The light incident on the second prism member 320a passes through the boundary between the main body portion 327 and the convex portion 328, is totally reflected by the reflection structure 322 of the main body portion 327, and again passes through the boundary between the main body portion 327 and the convex portion 328. The light is transmitted and totally reflected by the reflection surface 3212 of the convex portion 328. Incident light of the second prism member 320 a is repeatedly totally reflected between the reflection structure 322 of the main body 327 and the reflection surface 3212 of the convex portion 328 and guided to the emission surface 325.

次に、集光装置３００ａに用いる材料について説明する。図２（ａ）は、ＡＭ１．５の測定条件で測定された太陽光の直達日射量の波長特性を示す。図２（ａ）から明らかなように、太陽光は、紫外光と、可視光と、赤外光とを含み、特に、赤外域に広い波長域にわたる光を含む。   Next, the material used for the condensing device 300a will be described. Fig.2 (a) shows the wavelength characteristic of the direct solar radiation amount of sunlight measured on the measurement conditions of AM1.5. As is apparent from FIG. 2A, sunlight includes ultraviolet light, visible light, and infrared light, and particularly includes light over a wide wavelength range in the infrared region.

図２（ｂ）は、ＰＭＭＡおよび光学ガラスＢＫ７の厚さ１０ｍｍあたりのそれぞれ分光透過率を示す。図２（ｂ）からわかる通り、ＰＭＭＡは、ＢＫ７に比べて紫外域および赤外域の透過率が低い。第２プリズム部材３２０ａの内部では、太陽光は比較的長い距離を伝播する。従って、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの材料としてＰＭＭＡを用いた場合、かなりの量の紫外光および赤外光が第２プリズム部材３２０ａにより吸収されてしまう。一方、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの材料としてＢＫ７を用いた場合には、このような吸収を大幅に抑制できる。本発明にかかる集光装置では、太陽光が長い距離を伝播する第２プリズム部材３２０ａの本体部３２７にはガラスを用い、ガラスでは形成しにくい凸部３２８のみに樹脂材料（例えば、紫外線硬化樹脂）を用いることにより、太陽光が伝播する樹脂部の長さ（厚さ）をできるだけ小さくして、紫外光および赤外光の吸収を抑制する。   FIG. 2B shows the spectral transmittances per 10 mm thickness of PMMA and optical glass BK7. As can be seen from FIG. 2B, PMMA has lower transmittance in the ultraviolet region and infrared region than BK7. Within the second prism member 320a, sunlight propagates a relatively long distance. Therefore, when PMMA is used as the material of the second prism member 320a, a considerable amount of ultraviolet light and infrared light are absorbed by the second prism member 320a. On the other hand, when BK7 is used as the material of the second prism member 320a, such absorption can be significantly suppressed. In the light collecting device according to the present invention, glass is used for the main body portion 327 of the second prism member 320a through which sunlight propagates a long distance, and only a convex material 328 that is difficult to form with glass is made of a resin material (for example, an ultraviolet curable resin). ), The length (thickness) of the resin part through which sunlight propagates is made as small as possible to suppress the absorption of ultraviolet light and infrared light.

（光発電装置の発電効率）
図３は、光電変換素子３３０の構造の一例を模式的に表した図である。図３に例示された光電変換素子３３０は、光の入射面から順に、所定波長域の光を選択的に光電変換するＬ１層、Ｌ２層、Ｌ３層が配置され、これらは電気的に直列に接続される。 (Power generation efficiency of photovoltaic device)
FIG. 3 is a diagram schematically illustrating an example of the structure of the photoelectric conversion element 330. The photoelectric conversion element 330 illustrated in FIG. 3 includes, in order from the light incident surface, an L1 layer, an L2 layer, and an L3 layer that selectively photoelectrically convert light in a predetermined wavelength range, and these are electrically connected in series. Connected.

図４は、Ｌ１層、Ｌ２層、Ｌ３層の量子効率の波長特性を示す。ここで、量子効率とは、入射した光子の数と光子により励起したキャリアの数との比である。図４に示した例では、Ｌ１層は約６５０ｎｍ以下の波長の光に対して量子効率が高く、Ｌ２層は約６５０ｎｍから約９００ｎｍの光に対して量子効率が高く、Ｌ３層は約９００ｎｍ以上の波長の光に対して量子効率が高い。   FIG. 4 shows the wavelength characteristics of the quantum efficiencies of the L1, L2, and L3 layers. Here, the quantum efficiency is a ratio between the number of incident photons and the number of carriers excited by the photons. In the example shown in FIG. 4, the L1 layer has high quantum efficiency for light having a wavelength of about 650 nm or less, the L2 layer has high quantum efficiency for light of about 650 nm to about 900 nm, and the L3 layer has about 900 nm or more. Quantum efficiency is high for light of a wavelength of

太陽光に含まれる波長が約６５０ｎｍ以下の光は、Ｌ１層で光電変換される。太陽光に含まれる波長が約６５０ｎｍから約９００ｎｍの光は、Ｌ１層を通過してＬ２層で光電変換される。太陽光に含まれる波長が約９００ｎｍ以上の波長の光は、Ｌ１層とＬ２層を通過してＬ３層で光電変換される。   Light having a wavelength of about 650 nm or less contained in sunlight is photoelectrically converted in the L1 layer. Light having a wavelength of about 650 nm to about 900 nm contained in sunlight passes through the L1 layer and is photoelectrically converted in the L2 layer. Light having a wavelength of about 900 nm or more contained in sunlight passes through the L1 layer and the L2 layer and is photoelectrically converted in the L3 layer.

Ｌ１層、Ｌ２層、Ｌ３層は、直列接続されるため、光電変換素子３３０の出力電流ｉは、Ｌ１層の出力電流ｉＬ１、Ｌ２層の出力電流ｉＬ２、Ｌ３層の出力電流ｉＬ３のうちの最小値となる。 L1 layer, the L2 layer, the L3 layer, to be connected in series, the output current i of the photoelectric conversion element 330, the output current i L1, the output current of the L2 layer i L2, L3 layer of the output current i L3 L1 layer It becomes the minimum value of them.

太陽光が透過率τ（λ）の光学材料を透過してＬ１層に入射した際のＬ１層の出力電流ｉＬ１は、下式（１）で表される。
ｉＬ１＝∫｛ｑ・ＱＬ１（λ）・Ｓ・Ｐｉｎ（λ）・τ（λ）・λ／（ｈ・ｃ）｝ｄλ …（１）
λ：光の波長
ｑ：電子１個あたりの電荷１．６０２１７６４８７×１０−１９〔Ｃ〕
ＱＬ１（λ）：図５に示す波長λにおけるＬ１層の量子効率
Ｓ：Ｌ１層の受光面積〔ｍ２〕
Ｐｉｎ（λ）：図３（ａ）に示す波長λの光の強度〔Ｗ／ｍ２〕
τ（λ）：波長λの光に対する厚さ１０ｍｍの光学材料の透過率
ｈ：プランク定数６．６２６０６８９６×１０−３４〔Ｊ・ｓ〕
ｃ：光速２．９９７９２４５８×１０８〔ｍ／ｓ〕 The output current i L1 of the L1 layer when sunlight passes through the optical material having the transmittance τ (λ) and enters the L1 layer is expressed by the following equation (1).
i L1 = ∫ {q · Q L1 (λ) · S · P in (λ) · τ (λ) · λ / (h · c)} dλ (1)
λ: wavelength of light q: charge per electron 1.602176487 × 10 −19 [C]
Q L1 (λ): quantum efficiency of the L1 layer at the wavelength λ shown in FIG. 5 S: light receiving area of the L1 layer [m 2 ]
P in (λ): Intensity of light of wavelength λ shown in FIG. 3A [W / m 2 ]
τ (λ): Transmittance of optical material having a thickness of 10 mm for light of wavelength λ h: Planck's constant 6.6260896 × 10 −34 [J · s]
c: speed of light 2.99979458 × 10 8 [m / s]

太陽光が透過率τ（λ）の光学材料を透過してＬ２層およびＬ３層に入射した場合のＬ２層およびＬ３層の出力電流ｉＬ２およびｉＬ３も同様にして計算することができる。 The output currents i L2 and i L3 of the L2 layer and the L3 layer when sunlight passes through the optical material having the transmittance τ (λ) and enters the L2 layer and the L3 layer can be similarly calculated.

図５（ａ）は、ＰＭＭＡを介して光電変換素子に太陽光を導いた場合の、ＰＭＭＡの厚さとＬ１層、Ｌ２層、Ｌ３層の単位受光面積（ｃｍ２）あたりの出力電流〔ｍＡ／ｃｍ２〕の各計算値を示す。図５（ａ）に示されるように、Ｌ３層の単位受光面積あたりの出力電流は、ＰＭＭＡによる赤外光の吸収の影響により、ＰＭＭＡが厚くなるに従って大きく減少し、厚さが約２８ｍｍを超えると、Ｌ１層、Ｌ２層の出力電流よりも小さくなる。 FIG. 5A shows the thickness of the PMMA and the output current per unit light receiving area (cm 2 ) of the L1, L2, and L3 layers [mA / mA when sunlight is guided to the photoelectric conversion element via the PMMA. Each calculated value of cm 2 ] is shown. As shown in FIG. 5A, the output current per unit light-receiving area of the L3 layer greatly decreases as the PMMA becomes thicker due to the influence of absorption of infrared light by the PMMA, and the thickness exceeds about 28 mm. And smaller than the output current of the L1 layer and the L2 layer.

一方、図５（ｂ）には、ＢＫ７を介して光電変換素子に太陽光を導いた場合の、ＢＫ７の厚さとＬ１層、Ｌ２層、Ｌ３層の単位受光面積あたりの出力電流〔ｍＡ／ｃｍ２〕の各計算値を示す。図５（ｂ）に示されるように、ＢＫ７は赤外光をよく透過するため、ＰＭＭＡの場合のような出力電流の低下は起きていない。従って、太陽光がＰＭＭＡ中を伝播する距離はできるだけ小さくし、長い距離を伝播する部分はガラスにより構成されることが望ましいことがわかる。 On the other hand, FIG. 5B shows the thickness of BK7 and the output current per unit light-receiving area of the L1, L2, and L3 layers [mA / cm when sunlight is guided to the photoelectric conversion element via BK7. 2 ] shows each calculated value. As shown in FIG. 5B, since BK7 transmits infrared light well, the output current does not decrease as in the case of PMMA. Therefore, it can be seen that the distance that sunlight propagates through PMMA is as small as possible, and that the portion that propagates a long distance is preferably made of glass.

上述した第１の実施の形態によれば、次の作用効果が得られる。
（１）第１の実施の形態による集光装置３００ａの第２プリズム部材３２０ａは、ガラス材料で構成された本体部３２７に樹脂材料で構成された凸部３２８が接合されている。凸部３２８は、第１プリズム部材３１０ａの偏向構造３１５に対応するように、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの表面に一方向に配列されるとともに第１プリズム部材３１０ａの出射面から出射された集光光束を受光する複数の受光構造として用いられる。したがって、集光装置３００ａ、その集光装置３００ａを備える光発電装置１は、集光効率に優れている。 According to the first embodiment described above, the following operational effects are obtained.
(1) As for the 2nd prism member 320a of the condensing device 300a by 1st Embodiment, the convex part 328 comprised with the resin material is joined to the main-body part 327 comprised with the glass material. The convex portions 328 are arranged in one direction on the surface of the second prism member 320a so as to correspond to the deflection structure 315 of the first prism member 310a, and are condensed light beams emitted from the emission surface of the first prism member 310a. Are used as a plurality of light receiving structures. Therefore, the condensing device 300a and the photovoltaic device 1 including the condensing device 300a are excellent in condensing efficiency.

（第２の実施の形態）
図６は、本発明の第２の実施の形態における集光装置３００ｂを用いた光発電装置の概略構成図である。図６に例示される光発電装置２は、裏面形状が第１プリズム部材３１０ａと異なる第１プリズム部材３１０ｂを第１プリズム部材３１０ａの代わりに備える点が第１の実施の形態による光発電装置１と異なっている。 (Second Embodiment)
FIG. 6 is a schematic configuration diagram of a photovoltaic power generation apparatus using the condensing device 300b according to the second embodiment of the present invention. The photovoltaic device 2 illustrated in FIG. 6 includes the photovoltaic device 1 according to the first embodiment in that a first prism member 310b having a back surface shape different from the first prism member 310a is provided instead of the first prism member 310a. Is different.

第２の実施の形態では、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの裏面を、集光光束の偏向だけでなく、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの凸部３２８を形成するための型としても用いる。図７は、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの裏面と第２プリズム部材３２０ａの表面との対向部を拡大した様子を示す。図７に示されるように、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの裏面の形状は、成形すべき凸部３２８の形状に対応している。即ち、導光面３２１１は、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの第２面３１７に対応する。また、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの連絡面３２１３は、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの第２面３１７に接続する第４面３１７１に対応する。第２プリズム部材の反射面３２１２は、第４面３１７１と接続する第５面３１７２に対応する。   In the second embodiment, the back surface of the first prism member 310b is used as a mold for forming the convex portion 328 of the second prism member 320a as well as the deflection of the condensed light flux. FIG. 7 shows a state in which a facing portion between the back surface of the first prism member 310b and the front surface of the second prism member 320a is enlarged. As shown in FIG. 7, the shape of the back surface of the first prism member 310b corresponds to the shape of the convex portion 328 to be formed. That is, the light guide surface 3211 corresponds to the second surface 317 of the first prism member 310b. The communication surface 3213 of the second prism member 320a corresponds to the fourth surface 3171 connected to the second surface 317 of the first prism member 310b. The reflecting surface 3212 of the second prism member corresponds to the fifth surface 3172 connected to the fourth surface 3171.

第１プリズム部材３１０ｂには、空隙部３１７３が設けられ、空隙部３１７３は開口部３１７３ａにより、第３面３１８と第５面３１７２とを隔てている。空隙部３１７３は第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの第１面３１６において太陽光を全反射させるために設けられている。開口部３１７３ａは、凸部３２８を成形する際に、例えば紫外線硬化樹脂が空隙部３１７３に入り込むことを防ぐ意味から、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂを製造可能な範囲でできるだけ狭いことが好ましい。   The first prism member 310 b is provided with a gap 3173, and the gap 3173 separates the third surface 318 and the fifth surface 3172 by the opening 3173 a. The gap 3173 is provided to totally reflect sunlight on the first surface 316 of the first prism member 310b. The opening 3173a is preferably as narrow as possible within the range in which the first prism member 310b can be manufactured in order to prevent, for example, ultraviolet curable resin from entering the gap 3173 when the convex portion 328 is formed.

凸部３２８の形成は次のように行う。まず、図８(ａ)に示すように、凸部３２８を形成すべき第２プリズム部材３２０ａの上面３２７１に紫外線硬化樹脂３２８１を塗布する。紫外線硬化樹脂の塗布方法としては、ディスペンサーによる滴下、スピンコートによる塗布、スプレーによる塗布等、使用する紫外線硬化樹脂に適した種々の方法から選択することができる。次に、図８（ｂ）に示すように、塗布された紫外線硬化樹脂に第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの裏面を押し当て、その状態を維持して紫外線を照射し、紫外線硬化樹脂を硬化させる。次に、硬化した紫外線硬化樹脂から第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの裏面を剥離することで、凸部３２８の形成は完了する。   The convex portion 328 is formed as follows. First, as shown in FIG. 8A, an ultraviolet curable resin 3281 is applied to the upper surface 3271 of the second prism member 320a where the convex portion 328 is to be formed. The method of applying the ultraviolet curable resin can be selected from various methods suitable for the ultraviolet curable resin to be used, such as dropping by a dispenser, application by spin coating, and application by spraying. Next, as shown in FIG. 8B, the back surface of the first prism member 310b is pressed against the applied ultraviolet curable resin, and the ultraviolet curable resin is cured by irradiating ultraviolet rays while maintaining the state. Next, the back surface of the first prism member 310b is peeled from the cured ultraviolet curable resin, whereby the formation of the convex portion 328 is completed.

（集光装置３００の生産方法）
ここでは、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの裏面を型として用いて凸部３２８を形成する手順について説明する。図９は、集光装置３００の製造方法の一例を示すフローチャートである。 (Production method of concentrating device 300)
Here, a procedure for forming the convex portion 328 using the back surface of the first prism member 310b as a mold will be described. FIG. 9 is a flowchart illustrating an example of a method for manufacturing the light collecting device 300.

ステップＳ１０では、図８(ａ)に示したように、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの本体部３２７の上面３２７１に紫外線硬化樹脂３２８１を塗布する。なお、紫外線硬化樹脂の塗布に先立って、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの上面３２７１に対してシランカップリング処理をしておくことが望ましい。これは、紫外線硬化樹脂が硬化した際に確実に第２プリズム部材３２０ａの上面３２７１に付着させるためである。   In step S10, as shown in FIG. 8A, an ultraviolet curable resin 3281 is applied to the upper surface 3271 of the main body 327 of the second prism member 320a. Prior to the application of the ultraviolet curable resin, it is desirable to perform a silane coupling process on the upper surface 3271 of the second prism member 320a. This is because when the ultraviolet curable resin is cured, it is securely attached to the upper surface 3271 of the second prism member 320a.

ステップＳ２０では、図８（ｂ）に例示するように、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの上面３２７１に第１プリズム部材３１０ｂを押し付ける。これにより、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの本体部３２７と第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの裏面との間に紫外線硬化樹脂が閉じ込められる（充填される）。なお、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの上面３２７１に第１プリズム部材３１０ｂを押し付ける前に第１プリズム部材３１９ｂの裏面に離型剤を塗ることにしてもよい。離型剤には、例えばフッ素化合物などを用いればよい。離型剤は、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの光学的な性能に影響を与えない程度に非常に薄く塗ることが好ましい。   In step S20, as illustrated in FIG. 8B, the first prism member 310b is pressed against the upper surface 3271 of the second prism member 320a. Accordingly, the ultraviolet curable resin is confined (filled) between the main body portion 327 of the second prism member 320a and the back surface of the first prism member 310b. Note that a release agent may be applied to the back surface of the first prism member 319b before the first prism member 310b is pressed against the upper surface 3271 of the second prism member 320a. For example, a fluorine compound may be used as the release agent. The release agent is preferably applied very thinly so as not to affect the optical performance of the first prism member 310b.

ステップＳ３０では、紫外線硬化樹脂に紫外光を照射することにより紫外線硬化樹脂を硬化させ、凸部３２８を形成する。紫外光は第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの上面から照射してもよいし、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの裏面（反射構造）側から照射してもよい。   In step S <b> 30, the ultraviolet curable resin is cured by irradiating the ultraviolet curable resin with ultraviolet light, and the convex portion 328 is formed. The ultraviolet light may be irradiated from the upper surface of the first prism member 310b, or may be irradiated from the back surface (reflection structure) side of the second prism member 320a.

ステップＳ４０では、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの上面３２７１の上に硬化した紫外線硬化樹脂層から第１プリズム部材３１０ｂを剥離する。図１０は、剥離方法の一例を示す。図１０に示すように、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの一方の端面（ｚ軸に直交する側面の一方）に空隙部３１７３を塞ぐ封止部材６００を密接させ、反対側の端面に空隙部３１７３に窒素ガスを注入するための流路５２１を有する注入部材６０１を密接させる。その状態で、流路５２１を介して空隙部３１７３に所定圧力の窒素ガスを注入する。窒素ガスは、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂと第２プリズム部材３２０ａとの隙間に浸入し、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂを第２プリズム部材３２０ａ上に形成された紫外線硬化樹脂層３２８から剥離する。   In step S40, the first prism member 310b is peeled from the ultraviolet curable resin layer cured on the upper surface 3271 of the second prism member 320a. FIG. 10 shows an example of a peeling method. As shown in FIG. 10, a sealing member 600 that closes the gap 3173 is brought into close contact with one end face (one of the side surfaces orthogonal to the z-axis) of the first prism member 310b, and nitrogen is added to the gap 3173 at the opposite end face. An injection member 601 having a flow path 521 for injecting gas is brought into close contact. In this state, nitrogen gas having a predetermined pressure is injected into the gap 3173 through the flow path 521. Nitrogen gas enters the gap between the first prism member 310b and the second prism member 320a, and peels the first prism member 310b from the ultraviolet curable resin layer 328 formed on the second prism member 320a.

ステップＳ５０では、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの第３面３１８と第２プリズム部材３２０ａの反射面３２１２との間に適当な厚さの空気層が介在するように固定する。   In step S50, an air layer having an appropriate thickness is fixed between the third surface 318 of the first prism member 310b and the reflecting surface 3212 of the second prism member 320a.

ステップＳ６０では、必要に応じて、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの第２面３１７と、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの導光面３２１１との隙間に接合部３１９を形成する。例えば、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの第２面３１７と、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの導光面３２１１との隙間に毛細管現象により紫外線硬化樹脂を浸透させて、ステップＳ３０のように集光構造３１１に紫外光を照射する。   In step S60, a joint 319 is formed in the gap between the second surface 317 of the first prism member 310b and the light guide surface 3211 of the second prism member 320a as necessary. For example, an ultraviolet curable resin is infiltrated into the gap between the second surface 317 of the first prism member 310b and the light guide surface 3211 of the second prism member 320a by capillary action, and the ultraviolet rays are incident on the light collecting structure 311 as in step S30. Irradiate light.

上述した実施の形態によれば、次の作用効果が得られる。
（１）第２の実施の形態による集光装置３００ｂの第２プリズム部材３２０ａは、ガラス材料で構成された本体部３２７に樹脂材料で構成された凸部３２８が接合されている。凸部３２８は、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの偏向構造３１５に対応するように、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの表面に一方向に配列されるとともに第１プリズム部材３１０ｂの出射面から出射された集光光束を受光する複数の受光構造として用いられる。したがって、集光装置３００ｂ、その集光装置３００ｂを備える光発電装置２は、集光効率に優れている。 According to the embodiment described above, the following operational effects can be obtained.
(1) As for the 2nd prism member 320a of the condensing device 300b by 2nd Embodiment, the convex part 328 comprised with the resin material is joined to the main-body part 327 comprised with the glass material. The convex portions 328 are arranged in one direction on the surface of the second prism member 320a so as to correspond to the deflection structure 315 of the first prism member 310b, and are condensed light beams emitted from the emission surface of the first prism member 310b. Are used as a plurality of light receiving structures. Therefore, the condensing device 300b and the photovoltaic device 2 including the condensing device 300b are excellent in condensing efficiency.

次のような変形も本発明の範囲内であり、変形例の一つ、もしくは複数を上述の実施形態と組み合わせることも可能である。
（変形例１）上記の実施の形態では、本体部３２７の材料をＢＫ７としたが、他のガラスでもよい。例えば、ソーダライムガラス、無アルカリガラス、石英ガラスなどでもよい。 The following modifications are also within the scope of the present invention, and one or a plurality of modifications can be combined with the above-described embodiment.
(Modification 1) In the above embodiment, the material of the main body 327 is BK7, but other glass may be used. For example, soda lime glass, non-alkali glass, quartz glass and the like may be used.

（変形例２）上記の実施の形態では、第１プリズム部材３１０ａの第２面３１７と、第２プリズム部材３２０ａの導光面３２１１との隙間に接合部３１９を設けたが、設けないことにしてもよい。 (Modification 2) In the above embodiment, the joint 319 is provided in the gap between the second surface 317 of the first prism member 310a and the light guide surface 3211 of the second prism member 320a. May be.

（変形例３）上記の実施の形態では、第１プリズム部材３１０ａ、第１プリズム部材３１０ｂ、第２プリズム部材３２０ａは、ｚ軸方向に延在する形状を有するものとして説明したが、その形状に限定しない。例えば、第１プリズム部材３１０ａおよび３１０ｂの表面側から見た集光装置３００ａおよび３００ｂの平面図が図１１に示すようなほぼ同心円状の形状を有するものであってもよい。図１１のＸ−Ｘ断面は、図１に示す集光装置３００ａや図６に示す集光装置３００ｂの形状と同様の形状となる。 (Modification 3) In the above embodiment, the first prism member 310a, the first prism member 310b, and the second prism member 320a have been described as having shapes extending in the z-axis direction. Not limited. For example, the plan view of the light collecting devices 300a and 300b viewed from the surface side of the first prism members 310a and 310b may have a substantially concentric shape as shown in FIG. 11 has the same shape as the shape of the light collecting device 300a shown in FIG. 1 or the light collecting device 300b shown in FIG.

（変形例４）上記の実施の形態では、本体部３２７の断面形状を楔形としたが、上面３２７１と反射構造３２２との間をつなぐと共に出射面３２５と対向する面を本体部３２７にさらに設けて、本体部３２７の断面形状を台形として設けることにしてもよい。 (Modification 4) In the above embodiment, the cross-sectional shape of the main body 327 is wedge-shaped, but the main body 327 is further provided with a surface that connects the upper surface 3271 and the reflecting structure 322 and faces the emission surface 325. Thus, the cross-sectional shape of the main body portion 327 may be provided as a trapezoid.

（変形例５）上記の実施の形態では、ステップＳ４０において第１プリズム部材３１０ｂを第２プリズム部材３２０ａから剥離する際に空隙部３１７３に窒素ガスを注入することにした。しかし、窒素ガスを用いる代わりに、例えば、乾燥した空気やアルゴンガスなどを空隙部３１７３に注入することにしてもよい。 (Modification 5) In the above embodiment, nitrogen gas is injected into the gap 3173 when the first prism member 310b is peeled from the second prism member 320a in step S40. However, instead of using nitrogen gas, for example, dry air or argon gas may be injected into the gap 3173.

（変形例６）上記の実施の形態では、第２プリズム部材３２０の本体部３２７の上面３２７１に形成する凸部３２８の材料として紫外線硬化樹脂を用いたが、紫外線硬化樹脂以外の樹脂を塗布することにしてもよい。例えば、熱硬化性樹脂を用いてもよい。 (Modification 6) In the above embodiment, the ultraviolet curable resin is used as the material of the convex portion 328 formed on the upper surface 3271 of the main body 327 of the second prism member 320, but a resin other than the ultraviolet curable resin is applied. You may decide. For example, a thermosetting resin may be used.

上記では、種々の実施の形態および変形例を説明したが、本発明はこれらの内容に限定されるものではない。本発明の技術的思想の範囲内で考えられるその他の態様も本発明の範囲内に含まれる。   Although various embodiments and modifications have been described above, the present invention is not limited to these contents. Other embodiments conceivable within the scope of the technical idea of the present invention are also included in the scope of the present invention.

１，２ 光発電装置
３００ａ，３００ｂ 集光装置
３１０，３１０ａ，３１０ｂ 第１プリズム部材
３１１ 集光構造
３１５ 偏向構造
３１６ 第１面
３１７ 第２面
３１８ 第３面
３１９ 接合部
３２０，３２０ａ 第２プリズム部材
３２１ 入射面
３２２ 反射構造
３２５ 出射面
３２７ 本体部
３２８ 凸部（受光構造）
３３０ 光電変換素子 1, 2 Photovoltaic generators 300a, 300b Condensing devices 310, 310a, 310b First prism member 311 Condensing structure 315 Deflection structure 316 First surface 317 Second surface 318 Third surface 319 Joint portion 320, 320a Second prism member 321 Incident surface 322 Reflective structure 325 Output surface 327 Main body 328 Convex portion (light receiving structure)
330 photoelectric conversion element

Claims (6)

互いに対向する第１の表面と第１の裏面とを有する第１の光学部材と、
互いに対向する第２の表面と第２の裏面とを有し、前記第２の表面が前記第１の裏面に対向するように配置される第２の光学部材と、を備え、
前記第１の光学部材は、前記第１の表面に入射する光束を集光する複数の集光構造が互いに平行に前記第１の表面に配列されるとともに、前記複数の集光構造によって集光された集光光束をそれぞれ偏向する複数の偏向構造が互いに平行に前記複数の集光構造に対応するように前記第１の裏面に配列され、
前記複数の集光構造の各々は、光束の入射側に凸構造を有し、
前記複数の偏向構造の各々は、偏向面と出射面とを有し、前記偏向面によって偏向された集光光束を前記出射面から出射し、
前記第２の光学部材は、
前記出射面から出射された集光光束を受光する複数の受光構造が互いに平行に前記複数の偏向構造に対応するように前記第２の表面に突設され、
前記複数の受光構造の各々が受光した集光光束を前記第２の裏面が反射し、
前記第２の光学部材の本体部はガラス材料からなり、
前記複数の受光構造の各々は樹脂材料からなり、前記本体部に接合されていることを特徴とする集光装置。 A first optical member having a first surface and a first back surface facing each other;
A second optical member having a second surface and a second back surface facing each other, the second optical member being disposed such that the second surface faces the first back surface,
In the first optical member, a plurality of condensing structures for condensing a light beam incident on the first surface are arranged in parallel with each other on the first surface, and are condensed by the plurality of condensing structures. A plurality of deflecting structures for respectively deflecting the collected light flux are arranged on the first back surface so as to correspond to the plurality of light collecting structures in parallel with each other;
Each of the plurality of condensing structures has a convex structure on the incident side of the light beam,
Each of the plurality of deflection structures has a deflection surface and an emission surface, and emits the condensed light beam deflected by the deflection surface from the emission surface,
The second optical member is
A plurality of light receiving structures for receiving the condensed light beam emitted from the emission surface are provided on the second surface so as to correspond to the plurality of deflection structures in parallel with each other,
The second back surface reflects the condensed light beam received by each of the plurality of light receiving structures,
The main body of the second optical member is made of a glass material,
Each of the plurality of light receiving structures is made of a resin material, and is joined to the main body. 請求項１に記載の集光装置において、
前記樹脂材料は光硬化性樹脂であることを特徴とする集光装置。 The light collecting device according to claim 1,
The light collecting device, wherein the resin material is a photocurable resin. 請求項１または２に記載の集光装置と、
前記集光装置により集光された光を光電変換する光電変換素子と、
を備えることを特徴とする光発電装置。 The light collecting device according to claim 1 or 2,
A photoelectric conversion element that photoelectrically converts light collected by the light collecting device;
A photovoltaic power generation apparatus comprising: 請求項１または２に記載の集光装置を製造する方法において、
前記第２の光学部材の前記本体部の表面に液状の前記樹脂材料を塗布する塗布工程と、
前記樹脂材料が塗布された前記本体部の表面に前記第１の裏面が前記第２の表面に向き合うように前記第１の光学部材を重ねて、前記第２の光学部材の前記本体部の表面と前記第１の光学部材の前記第１の裏面との間に前記樹脂材料を充填する充填工程と、
前記第１の光学部材が前記第２の光学部材に重ねられた状態で、前記樹脂材料を硬化させる硬化工程とを備えることを特徴とする集光装置の製造方法。 In the manufacturing method of the condensing device of Claim 1 or 2,
An application step of applying the liquid resin material to the surface of the main body of the second optical member;
The surface of the body portion of the second optical member is overlapped with the surface of the body portion coated with the resin material such that the first back surface faces the second surface. Filling the resin material between the first optical member and the first back surface of the first optical member;
A condensing device manufacturing method comprising: a curing step of curing the resin material in a state where the first optical member is overlapped with the second optical member. 請求項４に記載の集光装置の製造方法において、
前記樹脂材料は、紫外線硬化樹脂であり、
前記硬化工程は、充填された前記紫外線硬化樹脂に紫外線を照射して、前記紫外線硬化樹脂を硬化することを特徴とする集光装置の製造方法。 In the manufacturing method of the condensing device of Claim 4,
The resin material is an ultraviolet curable resin,
In the curing step, the ultraviolet curable resin filled is irradiated with ultraviolet rays to cure the ultraviolet curable resin. 請求項４または５に記載の集光装置の製造方法において、
前記複数の偏向構造の各々は、当該偏向構造の前記偏向面と、当該偏向構造に隣接する偏向構造との間に空気層を有し、
前記硬化工程の後に、剥離用ガスを前記空気層へ注入して前記第１の光学部材を前記第２の光学部材の本体部表面に形成された樹脂層から剥離する剥離工程と、を備えることを特徴とする集光装置の製造方法。 In the manufacturing method of the condensing device of Claim 4 or 5,
Each of the plurality of deflection structures has an air layer between the deflection surface of the deflection structure and the deflection structure adjacent to the deflection structure;
A peeling step of injecting a peeling gas into the air layer and peeling the first optical member from the resin layer formed on the surface of the main body of the second optical member after the curing step. The manufacturing method of the condensing device characterized by these.
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