JP5602020B2 - Ngfに対するアプタマー及びその使用 - Google Patents
Ngfに対するアプタマー及びその使用 Download PDFInfo
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- JP5602020B2 JP5602020B2 JP2010530841A JP2010530841A JP5602020B2 JP 5602020 B2 JP5602020 B2 JP 5602020B2 JP 2010530841 A JP2010530841 A JP 2010530841A JP 2010530841 A JP2010530841 A JP 2010530841A JP 5602020 B2 JP5602020 B2 JP 5602020B2
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- aptamer
- nucleotide
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07K—PEPTIDES
- C07K1/00—General methods for the preparation of peptides, i.e. processes for the organic chemical preparation of peptides or proteins of any length
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- C07K1/22—Affinity chromatography or related techniques based upon selective absorption processes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12N—MICROORGANISMS OR ENZYMES; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF; PROPAGATING, PRESERVING, OR MAINTAINING MICROORGANISMS; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING; CULTURE MEDIA
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- Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
Description
TrkAのファミリー受容体としてTrkBとTrkCが知られている。TrkBはBDNFおよびNT−4/5と結合し、TrkCはNT−3と結合する。p75はTrkAに比べてリガンド特異性が低く、NGF以外にもBDNF、NT−3、NT−4/5と結合する。p75は一回膜貫通型受容体であるが、細胞質側にチロシンキナーゼドメインはない。TrkA同様、神経細胞だけでなく非神経細胞にも発現している。この受容体は細胞の分化促進や生存維持に関与しているほか、アポトーシスの誘導や細胞遊走とも関係していることが知られている。結晶構造解析の結果から、ホモ二量体のNGFはTrkAと2:2で結合するが、p75とは2:1で結合することが示唆された。ホモ二量体のNGFがTrkAとp75のヘテロ二量体に結合することもある。
Tanezumab(PF−4383119またはRN624)はNGFに対する抗体で、変形性関節炎モデル動物を用いた疼痛モデル実験で効果を示し、現在臨床試験が行われている。また、NGFとNGF受容体の阻害活性の有無は不明であるが、NGFに結合する天然のRNAに関する報告がある(非特許文献1)。
[1] NGFに結合し、NGFとNGF受容体の結合を阻害するアプタマー;
[2] NGFに結合し、NGFの神経細胞突起伸長活性を阻害するアプタマー;
[3] 50%阻害濃度(IC50)が100nM以下である、[2]に記載のアプタマー;
[4] 50%阻害濃度(IC50)が10nM以下である、[2]に記載のアプタマー;
[5] 少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドが修飾されている、[1]〜[4]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマー;
[6] HGAANNNANCY(配列番号106)で表される配列を含み、ここでNは任意のヌクレオチド、HはGを除くヌクレオチド、Yはピリミジンヌクレオチドであり、前記配列の少なくとも一つのヌクレオチドが修飾されている、[1]〜[4]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマー;
[7] UGAAANNANCY(配列番号107)、CGAANNAAACY(配列番号108)又はAGAANNAAACY(配列番号109)で表される配列を含み、ここでNは任意のヌクレオチド、Yはピリミジンヌクレオチドであり、前記配列の少なくとも一つのヌクレオチドが修飾されている、[1]〜[4]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマー;
[8] UGAAAAAAACY(配列番号110)、UGAAAGAAACY(配列番号111)、CGAACAAAACY(配列番号112)又はCGAAAGAAACY(配列番号113)で表される配列を含み、ここでYはピリミジンヌクレオチドであり、前記配列の少なくとも一つのヌクレオチドが修飾されている、[1]〜[4]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマー;
[9] 各ピリミジンヌクレオチドのリボースの2’位のヒドロキシル基が、同一又は異なって、無置換であるか、水素原子、フッ素原子及びメトキシ基からなる群より選ばれる原子又は基で置換されている、[5]〜[8]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマー;
[10] 各プリンヌクレオチドのリボースの2’位のヒドロキシル基が、同一又は異なって、無置換であるか、水素原子、フッ素原子及びメトキシ基からなる群より選ばれる原子又は基で置換されている、[5]〜[8]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマー;
[11] 以下の(a)、(b)又は(c)のいずれかのヌクレオチド配列を含む、[1]に記載のアプタマー:
(a)配列番号1〜9、12、24〜55、57〜90のいずれかから選択されるヌクレオチド配列(但し、ウラシルはチミンであってもよい);
(b)配列番号1〜9、12、24〜55、57〜90のいずれかから選択されるヌクレオチド配列(但し、ウラシルはチミンであってもよい)において、1又は数個のヌクレオチドが置換、欠失、挿入又は付加されたヌクレオチド配列;又は
(c)配列番号1〜9、12、24〜55、57〜90のいずれかから選択されるヌクレオチド配列(但し、ウラシルはチミンであってもよい)と70%以上の同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列;
[12] 少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドが修飾されている、[11]に記載のアプタマー;
[13] 各ピリミジンヌクレオチドのリボースの2’位のヒドロキシル基が、同一又は異なって、無置換であるか、水素原子、フッ素原子及びメトキシ基からなる群より選ばれる原子又は基で置換されている、[12]に記載のアプタマー;
[14] 各プリンヌクレオチドのリボースの2’位のヒドロキシル基が、同一又は異なって、無置換であるか、水素原子、フッ素原子及びメトキシ基からなる群より選ばれる原子又は基で置換されている、[12]に記載のアプタマー;
[15] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマー及び機能性物質を含む複合体;
[16] 機能性物質が、親和性物質、標識用物質、酵素、薬物送達媒体又は薬物である、[15]に記載の複合体;
[17] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体を含む医薬;
[18] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体を含む抗疼痛剤;
[19] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体を含む抗炎症剤;
[20] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体を含む診断薬;
[21] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体を含むNGF検出用プローブ;
[22] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体を含む、NGF精製用固相担体;
[23] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体を用いることを特徴とする、NGFの検出方法;
[24] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体を用いることを特徴とする、NGFの精製方法;
[25] [1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体を、それを必要とする対象に投与することを特徴とする、疼痛や炎症を伴う疾患を治療又は予防する方法;
[26] 疼痛や炎症を伴う疾患の治療又は予防用医薬のための、[1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体の使用;
[27] 疼痛や炎症を伴う疾患の治療又は予防用医薬としての使用のための、[1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体;
[28] 疼痛や炎症を伴う疾患を治療又は予防するための、[1]〜[14]のいずれか一に記載のアプタマーあるいは[15]又は[16]に記載の複合体の使用;
[29] 疼痛や炎症を伴う疾患に対する治療剤又は予防剤の製造のための、請求項1〜14のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項15又は16に記載の複合体の使用。
測定にはBIAcore社製のBIAcore2000を用いる。センサーチップにアプタマーを固定化する。固定化量は1000RUとする。0.3MのNaClを含有する生理的な緩衝液(溶液A:実施例1参照)によりNGF溶液(0.5μM)を調製する。このNGF溶液を20μL注入し、NGFのアプタマーへの結合を検出する。40ヌクレオチドからなるランダムなヌクレオチド配列を含むRNAをネガティブコントロールとし、該コントロールRNAと比較してNGFが有意に強くアプタマーに結合した場合、該アプタマーはNGFへの結合能を有すると判定する。
また、他の「NGFに対する阻害活性」としては、NGFがNGF受容体に結合することによって生じる、NGF受容体の下流のシグナル伝達(Ras−MAPキナーゼ経路、PI3キナーゼ経路)の阻害、TRPV1、SP、BDNFなどの発現上昇の阻害、肥満細胞などから放出されるHA、BK、PG、NGF、その他サイトカインの発現の阻害活性などが挙げられる。
更に、NGFにより誘導される神経細胞の分化、生存、神経突起伸長、血管透過性の増大、T細胞やB細胞の免疫応答の増強、リンパ球の分化、肥満細胞や赤白血病細胞、癌細胞など各種細胞の増殖などの阻害、疼痛、痛覚過敏の軽減などが挙げられる。
本発明のアプタマーが有する好ましい「NGFに対する阻害活性」は、NGFがNGF受容体に結合することを阻害する活性であり、NGFにより誘導される神経突起伸長活性を阻害する活性である。
測定にはBIAcore社製のBIAcore2000を用いる。CM5センサーチップにNGF受容体とFcとの融合タンパク質(例えば、Trk A−Fc(175−TK,R&D systems))又はp75−Fc(R&D systems))を固定化する。固定化量は1100RUとする。生理的な緩衝液(溶液A:実施例1参照)中でNGF(0.1μM)とアプタマー(0.33μM)を混合し、30分調製する。この混合液20μLを注入し、NGFのNGF受容体への結合を検出する。阻害活性%が60%以上だった場合、該アプタマーはNGFのNGF受容体への結合を阻害すると判定する。阻害活性%は、アプタマーを含まないNGFとNGF受容体の結合量を0、NGFを含まない溶液をインジェクションした場合の結合量を100として計算される。ここで結合量は、BIAcoreのセンサーグラムのピークトップでのRU値(NGFのインジェクション終了直後のRU値)を意味する。
(a)配列番号1〜9、12、24〜55、57〜90のいずれかから選択されるヌクレオチド配列(但し、ウラシルはチミンであってもよい)を含むアプタマー;
(b)配列番号1〜9、12、24〜55、57〜90のいずれかから選択されるヌクレオチド配列(但し、ウラシルはチミンであってもよい)において1又は数個のヌクレオチドが置換、欠失、挿入又は付加されたヌクレオチド配列を含むアプタマー;
(c)配列番号1〜9、12、24〜55、57〜90のいずれかから選択されるヌクレオチド配列(但し、ウラシルはチミンであってもよい)と70%以上(好ましくは80%以上、より好ましくは90%以上、最も好ましくは95%以上)の同一性を有するヌクレオチド配列を含むアプタマー;或いは
(d)上記(a)の複数の連結物、上記(b)の複数の連結物、上記(c)の複数の連結物、上記(a)、(b)及び(c)の複数の連結物からなる群より選ばれる連結物
であり得る。
また好ましくは、上記(b)〜(d)のアプタマーは、NGFに結合し、NGFとNGF受容体との結合を阻害するアプタマー、および/またはNGFに結合し、NGFの神経細胞突起伸長活性を阻害するアプタマーである。
さらに好ましくは、上記(b)〜(d)のアプタマーは、NGFの神経細胞突起伸長の阻害濃度が100nM以下であるアプタマーであり、より好ましくは、NGFの神経細胞突起伸長の阻害濃度が10nM以下であるアプタマーである。
連結基としては、−O−、−N−又は−S−が例示され、これらの連結基を通じて隣接するヌクレオチドに結合し得る。
改変はまた、キャッピングのような3’及び5’の改変を含んでもよい。
NGFに特異的に結合するRNAアプタマーはSELEX法を用いて作製した。SELEXはEllingtonらの方法(Ellington and Szostak,Nature 346,818−822,1990)及びTuerkらの方法(Tuerk and Gold,Science 249,505−510,1990)を参考にして行った。標的物質としてヒトNGF(R&D Systems社製)を用いた。
最初のラウンドで用いたRNA(40N−RNA)は、化学合成によって得られたDNAをDuraScribeTMT7 Transcription Kit(Epicentre社製)を用いて転写して得た。この方法によって得られたRNAはピリミジンヌクレオチドのリボースの2’位がフルオロ化されたものである。DNA鋳型として以下に示す40ヌクレオチドのランダム配列の両端にプライマー配列を持った長さ79ヌクレオチドのDNAを用いた。DNA鋳型とプライマーは化学合成によって作製した。
プライマーFwd:5’-taatacgactcactatagggaagcctgtggagctgc-3’(配列番号115)
プライマーRev:5’-ccagttgttggtgacaatgc-3’(配列番号116)
配列番号1:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaaac(F)aaagac(F)aau(F)gau(F)u(F)gagu(F)agc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号2:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)c(F)u(F)ac(F)ac(F)u(F)u(F)u(F)agu(F)au(F)gac(F)aaac(F)c(F)u(F)agagu(F)gu(F)aaau(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号3:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)aagu(F)agaaau(F)gac(F)agaau(F)ggc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号4:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)au(F)gac(F)aaau(F)aaaac(F)ggc(F)aac(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号5:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)aaac(F)aagc(F)aagu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)ac(F)agc(F)aaau(F)gu(F)aaaaagc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号6:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)u(F)aaau(F)aaaaaau(F)agac(F)ggu(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号7:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)u(F)agau(F)aaaaaau(F)agac(F)ggu(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号8:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)ggau(F)aaaaau(F)agagu(F)u(F)u(F)gau(F)aaac(F)ac(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)aaaac(F)c(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号9:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)ac(F)aaggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)aau(F)au(F)au(F)u(F)u(F)aau(F)c(F)agc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号10:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)u(F)aaagagc(F)u(F)u(F)gac(F)aaaac(F)au(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号11:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)ac(F)aaggau(F)gaaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)aau(F)au(F)au(F)u(F)u(F)aau(F)c(F)agc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号12:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)gaaac(F)agu(F)gaaac(F)aaac(F)c(F)ac(F)agac(F)u(F)gagaaagc(F)agu(F)aac(F)agc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号13:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)u(F)aaau(F)aaaaaaaaau(F)ggac(F)ggu(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号14:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)gaau(F)u(F)ggau(F)ac(F)agau(F)agu(F)u(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)aau(F)gau(F)c(F)agc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号15:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)ac(F)aaggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)aau(F)au(F)au(F)u(F)u(F)gau(F)c(F)agc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号16:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)ac(F)aaggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)aau(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)u(F)aau(F)c(F)agc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号17:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)ggaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)aagu(F)agaaau(F)gac(F)agaau(F)ggc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号18:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)c(F)gaaau(F)ggac(F)u(F)gu(F)aaagc(F)au(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)au(F)u(F)c(F)aau(F)c(F)gaggc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号19:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaac(F)u(F)aaagu(F)u(F)u(F)aaaac(F)u(F)gau(F)ac(F)gagc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号20:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)u(F)aaaaac(F)u(F)u(F)gc(F)c(F)gagc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号21:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaaac(F)aaagac(F)aac(F)gau(F)u(F)gagu(F)agc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号22:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)c(F)ac(F)agaaaau(F)ggau(F)u(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
配列番号23:
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)gaaac(F)agu(F)gaaac(F)aaac(F)c(F)ac(F)agac(F)u(F)gagaaagc(F)agu(F)aaaagc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)aac(F)aac(F)u(F)gg
ランダム配列が30ヌクレオチドでプライマー配列を実施例1で用いたものと変えた鋳型を用いて、実施例1と同様のSELEXをおこなった。使用した鋳型とプライマーの配列を以下に示す。鋳型には30ヌクレオチドのランダム配列を用いた。DNA鋳型とプライマーは化学合成によって作製した。
プライマーFwd:5’-cggaattctaatacgactcactatagggagaacttcgaccagaag-3’(配列番号118)
プライマーRev:5’-tgaggatccatgtatgcgcacata-3’(配列番号119)
また、一次配列は少し異なるが、MFOLDプログラムにより同じようなバルジ構造が予想された配列としてAGAAUGAAACU(配列番号102)が存在した。
それらの一部の配列を配列番号37〜42に示す。
それらの配列の一部を配列番号43〜53に示す。
これらの配列の一部を配列番号54〜59に示す。
これらの配列の一部を配列番号60〜68に示す。
配列番号37:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaagaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaggu(F)gaaac(F)aac(F)aau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号38:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagagaau(F)gaaac(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)ac(F)aaagu(F)ac(F)au(F)aaaac(F)au(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号39:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gu(F)gaaaagaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)aaaac(F)aac(F)aau(F)gu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号40:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aggaaaau(F)ggaagac(F)gu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号41:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaggaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaagc(F)gaaac(F)aaaac(F)gu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号42:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaagagc(F)agc(F)agagau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号43:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagc(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)aau(F)au(F)gagaau(F)c(F)au(F)au(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号44:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaagaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)u(F)agc(F)ac(F)c(F)au(F)aau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号45:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagagaau(F)gaaac(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)c(F)aaggac(F)aau(F)gau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号46:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaac(F)aaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaagu(F)u(F)ac(F)gc(F)ac(F)aaaau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号47:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaagaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)gagc(F)aaaau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号48:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaagaac(F)c(F)c(F)gaaaaac(F)gc(F)au(F)aau(F)aau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号49:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gaaagaaac(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)aagac(F)ggu(F)aac(F)gaaagu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号50:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gaaaaaac(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)aau(F)ac(F)aaac(F)ac(F)aaaaau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号51:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaagaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaaaaac(F)aac(F)au(F)au(F)gaac(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号52:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaagaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)au(F)ac(F)aaaac(F)ac(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号53:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaggaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaaac(F)ac(F)aaaau(F)gu(F)c(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号54:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)c(F)gaaagu(F)gaaagaaac(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)aac(F)gaaagc(F)au(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号55:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaagaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaaau(F)gaau(F)gc(F)aac(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggac(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号56:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gaaagaaac(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)aac(F)ac(F)aaau(F)gc(F)ac(F)aac(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号57:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaac(F)ac(F)c(F)gaagc(F)ac(F)aaau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号58:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaagaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)ac(F)agaau(F)aaau(F)gu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号59:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)c(F)gaaac(F)gu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaggaggau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号60:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagau(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)gaau(F)aaagau(F)aac(F)agu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号61:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaaggu(F)c(F)gu(F)aac(F)gaau(F)aaaac(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)gc(F)ac(F)aaaaau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号62:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaagaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)u(F)aaagu(F)gaac(F)agu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号63:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagau(F)u(F)u(F)gaaagaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaac(F)u(F)aagc(F)ac(F)aaaau(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号64:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaagaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaac(F)au(F)u(F)agc(F)ac(F)ac(F)au(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号65:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaau(F)c(F)gagc(F)ac(F)aaaau(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号66:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaagc(F)aagc(F)ac(F)aac(F)au(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号67:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)c(F)gau(F)aac(F)gaac(F)aaaac(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)aaaggaau(F)au(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
配列番号68:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)c(F)gagagc(F)gaaagaaac(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)aaaac(F)ac(F)agu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)a
プリンヌクレオチドがRNA、ピリミジンヌクレオチドがDNAのモザイクアプタマーをSELEX法により作製した。鋳型は40ヌクレオチドのランダム配列を含みプライマーが実施例1と2で用いたものと異なるものを使用した。最初のラウンドで用いたRNA−DNAモザイク核酸のプールは、化学合成によって得られたDNAを鋳型とし、rATP、rGTP、dCTP、dTTPを基質として転写して得た。ここでrNTPはリボヌクレオチド、dNTPはデオキシリボヌクレオチドを示す。その他の実験方法は実施例1で示した方法とほぼ同じである。用いた鋳型とプライマー配列を以下に示す。
プライマーFwd:5’-taatacgactcactatagggagaggcaagaatagggc-3’(配列番号121)
プライマーRev:5’-tcctaatgtctcttctcttcac-3’(配列番号122)
配列番号69:
gggagaggCaagaaTagggCCCagCTgaaaaaaaCCTggaCgTaCaCCgTTCgCCgagCgggTgaagagaagagaCaTTagga
配列番号70:
gggagaggCaagaaTagggCTggaaaTagaaCCgCgCTgTCTTCaTTaagCCgCCCaaCggTgaagagaagagaCaTTagga
配列番号71:
gggagaggCaagaaTagggCaCTTgaaaaaaaCCCaaaTTTaCCgTCTTCagCgTCgggTgTgaagagaagagaCaTTagga
配列番号72:
gggagaggCaagaaTagggCTggaTgggCagTaaCCTgaaaaaaaCCaCCCaCCTCTaCCgTgaagagaagagaCaTTagga
配列番号73:
gggagaggCaagaaTagggCaCTTgaaaaaaaCCCaaagaaagaaTaCTTaCCCggCgCgTgaagagaagagaCaTTagga
配列番号74:
gggagaggCaagaaTagggCaTagTgTagaCCCCTCTCaagaTaCCCCaTgaaTTgCCCCgTgaagagaagagaCaTTagga
配列番号36で表される配列に30%のランダム配列をドープし、その両端に新しいプライマー配列を付加したRNAプールを用いてSELEXをおこなった。SELEXは実施例1とほぼ同様におこなった。その鋳型とプライマーの配列を以下に示す。
5’- GAGGATCCATGTATGCGCACATAgggtttttttcatcctgcagctccacaggcttcccCTTCTGGTCGAAGTTCT-3’
a:a(70%), g(10%), c(10%), t(10%)
g:g(70%), a(10%), c(10%), t(10%)
c:c(70%), a(10%), g(10%), t(10%)
t:t(70%), a(10%), c(10%), g(10%)
(配列番号123)
プライマーFwd:
5’−CGGAATTCTAATACGACTCACTATAGGGAGAACTTCGACCAGAAG−3’(配列番号124)
プライマーRev:5’−GAGGATCCATGTATGCGCACATA−3’ (配列番号125)
また、UGAAAAAAACC(配列番号91)の共通配列に変異が入ったUGAAAGAAACC(配列番号92)、UGAAAGAAACU(配列番号93)、UGAAAACAACC(配列番号98)、UGAAAUAAACC(配列番号99)、UGAAAUAAACU(配列番号100)、UGAAAAAAUCU(配列番号101)なども存在した。
その中から12配列をランダムに選び、表面プラズモン共鳴法でNGFに対する結合活性を調べた。測定方法は実施例1に示した通りである。測定の結果、これら12配列の全てが、30%のランダム配列をドープした最初の鋳型よりも有意にNGFに結合することがわかった。以下に各配列番号に対応する実際に得られたヌクレオチド配列を示す。
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gaaagaau(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)aaagac(F)aagau(F)aaaaac(F)aac(F)c(F)gu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号76:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaaggau(F)aaac(F)gc(F)au(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)u(F)gc(F)agu(F)au(F)u(F)aaaaau(F)gc(F)c(F)u(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号77:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gaaaaaau(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)agu(F)u(F)gc(F)aagac(F)gaaac(F)aaac(F)c(F)u(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号78:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gu(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)u(F)c(F)agggu(F)gu(F)gc(F)c(F)c(F)agc(F)c(F)u(F)au(F)aac(F)c(F)au(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号79:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaaggau(F)agc(F)c(F)au(F)gu(F)ggaggu(F)gaagac(F)u(F)gaaau(F)aaac(F)c(F)au(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号80:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gaaaac(F)aac(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)aau(F)aau(F)gau(F)c(F)ac(F)agaaau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号81:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaaggagau(F)gac(F)u(F)gu(F)gu(F)aac(F)c(F)ac(F)agu(F)au(F)gaaau(F)aaac(F)u(F)c(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号82:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagaggau(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)gu(F)u(F)u(F)ggu(F)u(F)ac(F)aagc(F)u(F)gaaagaaac(F)c(F)u(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号83:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)u(F)gaagc(F)u(F)u(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aggau(F)u(F)aaac(F)agac(F)agu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号84:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagu(F)gaaagaaac(F)u(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)gau(F)gaaagau(F)gu(F)aac(F)aaac(F)c(F)au(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号85:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaagc(F)ggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gc(F)gu(F)aac(F)c(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaac(F)aac(F)c(F)gu(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号86:
gggagaac(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gac(F)c(F)agaaggagu(F)agc(F)c(F)agu(F)gaac(F)c(F)u(F)ggaau(F)au(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)u(F)u(F)au(F)gu(F)gc(F)gc(F)au(F)ac(F)au(F)ggau(F)c(F)c(F)u(F)c(F)
NGFに特異的に結合するDNAアプタマーはSELEX法を用いて作製した。SELEX法はFitzwaterとPoliskyらの方法(Fitzwater and Polisky,Methods Enzymol.267,275−301,1996)を改良して行った。標的物質として実施例1で用いたヒトNGFを用いた。最初のラウンドのプールには、40ヌクレオチドのランダム配列の両端にプライマー配列を付加した長さ71のDNA(40N−DNA)を用いた。一本鎖DNAを得るために、プライマーRevの5’末端にはビオチン(bio)を付加した。
プライマーFwd:5’-GGGATCGACAGGGCT-3’(配列番号127)
プライマーRev:bio-AGATGGCACGACTCGG-3’(配列番号128)
GGGATCGACAGGGCTGCAGCACTGGCGTAGGTTGGAATATGGGTATTTTTGTGGTCCGAGTCGTGCCATCT
配列番号1〜9、12、37〜55、57〜87で表されるアプタマーがNGFとNGF受容体(TrkAおよびP75)の結合を阻害するかどうか表面プラズモン共鳴法を用いて調べた。BIAcore社のプロトコールに従って、CM5センサーチップにProtein A(21181,PIERCE)を固定化した。そこに、IgGのFc部分が融合したヒトTrk A−Fc(175−TK,R&D systems)を約1100RU固定化した。アナライトとしてNGF(0.1μM)とアプタマー(0.33μM)を混合して30分保持したものをインジェクションした。もしアプタマーがNGFとTrkAの結合を阻害する場合はセンサーグラムのシグナルは上がらないが、もし阻害しない場合は三者複合体を形成しシグナルが上がることが予想される。また、NGFがアプタマーよりも受容体に強く結合する場合は、アプタマーがはずれて、NGFが受容体と結合する場合もある。阻害実験を開始する前にTrkAにNGFが結合することを確認した。アプタマーを含まないNGFとNGF受容体の結合量を100とし、アプタマーを添加した場合のNGFとNGF受容体の結合量を補正値として求めた。ここで結合量は、BIAcoreのセンサーグラムのピークトップでのRU値(NGFのインジェクション終了直後のRU値)とした。100からこの補正値を引いた値を阻害活性%とし、60%以上を阻害活性ありとした。実験の結果、配列番号1〜9、12、37〜55、57〜87で表されるアプタマーの全てがNGFとTrkAの結合を阻害することがわかった(表1)。一例として配列番号6で表されるアプタマーがNGFとTrkAの結合を阻害している様子を図12に示す。もう一つの受容体P75(p75−Fc;R&D systems)に対しても同様な実験をおこなった。その結果、配列番号1〜9、12、37〜55、57〜87で表されるアプタマーの全てがNGFとP75の結合を60%以上阻害することがわかった(表1)。一例として配列番号6で表されるアプタマーがNGFとP75の結合を阻害している様子を図13に示す。
PC−12細胞を用いた突起伸長抑制実験でアプタマーの生理活性を評価した。ラット副腎褐色細胞腫由来の細胞株であるPC−12細胞は、神経系のモデル細胞であり、NGF刺激によって突起を伸長し、神経細胞様に分化する。この突起伸長をアプタマーが阻害するか否か評価した。PC−12細胞をコラーゲンコートした96ウェル平底プレートに播種し、そこに1時間37℃で予め反応させたNGF(最終濃度25ng/mLまたは1.9nM)とアプタマー(最終濃度500nM)の混合溶液を添加し細胞培養を開始した。その後24時間おきに2回、同量のアプタマーを添加し、3日目に突起伸長の程度を顕微鏡で観察し評価した。評価にはスコア0〜3を用い、スコア0は突起伸長なし、スコア1はわずかに突起伸長あり、スコア2は近傍の細胞まで突起が伸長、スコア3は突起伸長が著しく網状、とした。NGFのみの添加でPC−12細胞を3日間培養する系をネガティブコントロールとし、NGF無添加で同細胞を3日間培養する系をポジティブコントロールとした。また、NGF阻害剤によって突起伸長が抑制されることを確認するために、コントロールのNGF阻害剤として133nMの抗NGF抗体(MAB2561,R&D Systems)をNGFと共に添加して同細胞を3日間培養し、突起伸長が抑制されることを確認した。ネガティブコントロールのスコアを阻害活性0%、ポジティブコントロールのスコアを阻害活性100%と設定し、アプタマーの阻害活性%を算出した。その結果を表2に示す。阻害活性が50%以上を+、50%未満を−と表記した。配列番号1、3〜9および12で表されるアプタマーが突起伸長を顕著に阻害することが明らかとなった(表2)。共通配列を含まない配列番号2で表わされるアプタマーは阻害活性を示さなかった。一方、共通配列を含む配列番号5や6などで表わされるアプタマーは阻害活性を示した。配列番号8で表わされるアプタマーは共通配列を含んでいないが阻害活性を示した。以上より、配列番号1、3〜9および12で表されるアプタマーはNGFの阻害剤となり得ることが示された。
PC12細胞のサブクローンであるNeuroscreen−1細胞を用いて、アプタマーの神経突起伸長阻害活性を評価した。コラーゲンタイプIVでコートした96ウェル平底プレートに1ウェルあたり2500個の細胞を2.5%ウマ血清と1.25%胎児ウシ血清を含むRPMI−1640培地で1日培養した。そこに室温もしくは37℃にて30分間から1時間無血清のRPMI−1640培地中で予め反応させたNGF(最終濃度15ng/mLまたは1.1nM)とアプタマー(最終濃度500〜3nM)の混合溶液を添加した。2日後もしくは3日後にCellomics Neurite Outgrowth Kits(Thermo Scientific社製)を使用して細胞質と核を染色し、Cellomics ArrayScan VTI(Thermo Scientific社製)によって1細胞あたりの神経突起長を測定した。NGFのみの添加で細胞を2日間培養して得られた1細胞あたりの神経突起長を阻害活性0%、NGF無添加で2日間培養して得られた1細胞あたりの神経突起長を阻害活性100%として、NGFとアプタマーを混合添加した場合に得られた1細胞あたりの神経突起長から、アプタマーの阻害活性を算出した。アプタマー濃度が100nMと10nMの場合の阻害活性と50%阻害濃度(IC50)を表3に示す。阻害活性が0%以下の場合は0%とした。100%以上の場合は100%とした。50%阻害濃度は、50%阻害活性を挟む上下二点の濃度より求めた。IC50値を<と記載したものは、測定最低濃度においても阻害活性が50%以上であった場合で、表示数字は最低測定濃度を示す。実験の結果、IC50が10nM以下の高い活性を有するアプタマーが存在することがわかった。
これらのアプタマーはUGAAAAAAACC(配列番号91)、UGAAAGAAACC(配列番号92)、UGAAAGAAACU(配列番号93)、UGAAAAGAACC(配列番号95)、UGAAAAAACCC(配列番号96)、UGAAAGGAACC(配列番号105)、CGAACAAAACU(配列番号103)、CGAAAGAAACU(配列番号104)、AGAAUGAAACU(配列番号102)、の共通配列を含んでいた。UGAAAAAAACC(配列番号91)とUGAAAGAAACC(配列番号92)の共通配列を含むアプタマーはそれぞれ6種類および5種類存在した。
配列番号2、5、6、8で表されるアプタマーの短鎖化を行った。配列番号5、6で表されるアプタマーはUGAAAAAAACC(配列番号91)の共通配列を含む。配列番号2および8はこれらの共通配列を含まないアプタマーである。改変体の配列は以下の通りである。
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)c(F)u(F)ac(F)ac(F)u(F)u(F)u(F)agu(F)au(F)gac(F)aaac(F)c(F)u(F)agagu(F)gu(F)aaau(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)
配列番号25:配列番号2で表されるアプタマーの改変体で47ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)c(F)u(F)ac(F)ac(F)u(F)u(F)u(F)agu(F)au(F)gac(F)aaac(F)c(F)u(F)agagu(F)gu(F)aaau(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)c(F)
配列番号26:配列番号5で表されるアプタマーの改変体で46ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggc(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)aaac(F)aagc(F)aagu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)ac(F)agc(F)c(F)c(F)
配列番号27:配列番号6で表されるアプタマーの改変体で45ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)u(F)aaau(F)
配列番号28:配列番号6で表されるアプタマーの改変体で40ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaaau(F)
配列番号29:配列番号8で表されるアプタマーの改変体で61ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
ggu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)ggau(F)aaaaau(F)agagu(F)u(F)u(F)gau(F)aaac(F)ac(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)aaaac(F)c(F)gc(F)au(F)u(F)gu(F)c(F)ac(F)c(F)
配列番号30:配列番号8で表されるアプタマーの改変体で41ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggau(F)aaaaau(F)agagu(F)u(F)u(F)gau(F)aaac(F)ac(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)aaaac(F)c(F)c(F)
配列番号31:配列番号26で表されるアプタマーの改変体で34ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)aaac(F)aagc(F)aagu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)
配列番号32:配列番号26で表されるアプタマーの改変体で38ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)aaac(F)aagc(F)aagu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)ac(F)a
配列番号33:配列番号26で表されるアプタマーの改変体で36ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)aaac(F)agc(F)aagu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)ac(F)a
配列番号34:配列番号26で表されるアプタマーの改変体で34ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gu(F)u(F)aaac(F)aac(F)aagu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)ac(F)
配列番号35:配列番号28で表されるアプタマーの改変体で38ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaa
配列番号36:配列番号28で表されるアプタマーの改変体で35ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)
配列番号88:配列番号36で表されるアプタマーの改変体で33ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggaagc(F)c(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)ggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)
配列番号89:配列番号36で表されるアプタマーの改変体で34ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)aaac(F)agc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)
配列番号90:配列番号36で表されるアプタマーの改変体で32ヌクレオチドの長さのアプタマー
gggagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)aaac(F)agc(F)aggu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)
また、PC12細胞の神経突起伸長阻害活性を実施例7と同様に調べたが、配列番号28〜30、32、35に強い阻害活性が認められた(表2)。
配列番号32で表わされるアプタマーは配列番号5で表わされるアプタマーの共通配列を残して38ヌクレオチドまで短鎖化したものである。また、配列番号35で表わされるアプタマーは配列番号6で表わされるアプタマーの共通配列を残して38ヌクレオチドまで短鎖化したものである。以上より、少なくとも配列番号5および6に関しては共通配列が重要であることが示された。
一方、配列番号30で表わされるアプタマーは、共通配列を含まない配列番号8で表わされるアプタマーを短鎖化したものであり、41ヌクレオチドの長さで活性が確認された。これらのアプタマーはNGF阻害剤として使用可能であることが示された。
配列番号30、32、35で表されるアプタマーの血液中での安定性を高めるために、リボースの2’位の水酸基をo−メチル基に置き換えた改変体を作製した。実施例7と同様に、PC12細胞の神経突起伸長阻害を調べたところ、これらのアプタマー全てに強い阻害活性があることがわかった。
idT-gggau(F)aaaaau(F)a(M)g(M)a(M)g(M)u(F)u(F)u(F)g(M)a(M)u(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)a(M)c(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)aaaac(F)c(F)c(F)-idT
配列番号30(2):
gggau(F)aaaa(M)a(M)u(F)agagu(F)u(F)u(F)gau(F)aaac(F)ac(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)aaaac(F)c(F)c(F)
配列番号30(3):
gggau(F)aaaaau(F)agagu(F)u(F)u(F)gau(F)aaac(F)ac(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)a(M)a(M)aac(F)c(F)c(F)
配列番号30(4):
idT-gggau(F)aaaa(M)a(M)u(F)a(M)g(M)a(M)g(M)u(F)u(F)u(F)g(M)a(M)u(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)a(M)c(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)au(F)u(F)a(M)a(M)aac(F)c(F)c(F)-idT
配列番号30(5):
idT-gggau(F)aaaa(M)a(M)u(F)a(M)g(M)a(M)g(M)u(F)u(F)u(F)g(M)a(M)u(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)a(M)c(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)a(F)u(F)u(F)a(M)a(M)a(F)a(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)-idT
配列番号30(6):
idT-g(M)g(M)g(M)au(F)a(M)aa(M)a(M)a(M)u(F)a(M)g(M)a(M)g(M)u(F)u(F)u(F)g(M)a(M)u(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)a(M)c(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)a(M)u(F)u(F)a(M)a(M)a(F)a(F)c(F)c(F)c(F)-idT
配列番号32(1):
idT-u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)g(M)c(F)u(F)u(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)a(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)a(M)a(M)g(M)u(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)ac(F)a-idT
配列番号32(2):
u(F)g(M)u(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)aaac(F)aagc(F)aagu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)ac(F)a(M)
配列番号32(3):
u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)aaac(F)aagc(F)aagu(F)gaaaa(M)a(M)aac(F)c(F)ac(F)a
配列番号32(4):
u(F)gu(F)gga(M)gc(F)u(F)gc(F)u(F)u(F)aaac(F)aagc(F)aagu(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)ac(F)a
配列番号32(5):
idT-u(F)g(M)u(F)gga(M)gc(F)u(F)g(M)c(F)u(F)u(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)a(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)aagu(F)gaaaa(M)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)c(F)ac(F)a-idT
配列番号32(6):
idT-u(F)g(M)u(F)g(M)ga(M)gc(F)u(F)g(M)c(F)u(F)u(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)a(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)a(M)a(M)g(M)u(F)gaaaa(M)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)c(F)ac(F)a-idT
配列番号35(1):
idT-ggga(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)c(F)u(F)g(M)u(F)g(M)g(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)u(F)g(M)c(F)a(M)g(M)g(M)au(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)aaa-idT
配列番号35(2):
idT-ggga(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)c(F)u(F)g(M)u(F)ggagc(F)u(F)g(M)c(F)a(M)g(M)g(M)au(F)gaaaa(M)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)c(F)c(F)aaa-idT
配列番号35(3):
gggaagc(F)c(F)u(F)gu(F)ggagc(F)u(F)gc(F)aggau(F)gaaaaaaac(F)c(F)c(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)
配列番号35(4):
idT-ggga(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)c(F)u(F)g(M)u(F)g(M)g(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)u(F)g(M)c(F)a(M)g(M)g(M)au(F)gaaaa(M)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)c(F)c(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)-idT
配列番号35(5):
idT-g(M)g(M)ga(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)c(F)u(F)g(M)u(F)g(M)g(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)u(F)g(M)c(F)a(M)g(M)g(M)au(F)gaaaa(M)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)c(F)c(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)-idT
配列番号35(6):
idT-g(M)g(M)ga(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)c(F)u(F)g(M)u(F)g(M)g(M)a(M)g(M)c(F)u(F)g(M)c(F)a(M)g(M)g(M)a(F)u(F)gaaaa(M)a(M)a(M)a(M)c(F)c(F)c(F)a(M)a(M)a(M)-idT
共通配列がNGFの結合部位であることを確認するために、NGF非存在下および存在下で酵素消化実験を行った。共通配列がNGFの結合部位である場合、NGF非存在下では酵素消化されるが、NGF存在下ではヌクレアーゼが共通配列に結合することができないので、酵素消化されないという結果を得るはずである。配列番号62で表わされるアプタマーの5’末端または3’末端に蛍光物質(FAM6)を結合したアプタマーを用いて実験を行った。配列番号62で表わされるアプタマーはUGAAAGAAACC(配列番号92)の共通配列を含んでいる。ヌクレアーゼとしては、一本鎖を選択的に切断するS1ヌクレアーゼ(タカラバイオ社製)、二本鎖を選択的に切断するV1ヌクレアーゼ(アンビオン社製)、一本鎖のGを選択的に切断するT1ヌクレアーゼ(アンビオン社製)の3種類を用いた。各酵素反応は添付の仕様書を参考にして、表4の条件で行った。S1ヌクレアーゼの反応溶液には0.833mMのZnCl2を添加した。
酵素反応後、フェノール・クロロホルム処理により反応を停止し、水溶性画分を回収して濃縮した後、アルカリフォスファターゼ(タカラバイオ社製)により末端のリン酸を取り除いた。アルカリホスファターゼによる酵素処理は、添付の仕様書を参考にして、37℃で1.5時間行った。これらのサンプルは20%の変性ポリアクリルアミド電気泳動法により分析した。蛍光検出にはStorm850(GEヘルスケアー社製)を用いた。実験の結果、NGF非存在下ではUGAAAGAAACC(配列番号92)のGAAAGAがS1およびT1ヌクレアーゼにより切断された。一方、NGF存在下ではこれらの切断は顕著に抑制された。ここで、ピリミジンヌクレオチドはフルオロ修飾体である。以上より、共通配列部分はNGFの結合部位であることが示された。
共通配列の部分に変異を導入し、活性の変化を実施例8と同様にNeuroscreen−1細胞を用いて評価した。共通配列UGAAAAAAACC(配列番号91)を含むアプタマーとして配列番号35で表わされる38ヌクレオチド長のものを用いた。その結果を表5に示す。
変異導入していないアプタマーを300nM添加した場合、92%の神経突起伸長の阻害が見られた。一方、1ヌクレオチドの変異を導入すると活性は完全に消失した。また、UGAAAAAAACC(配列番号91)の3〜5番目のAをDNAタイプに置換すると活性が完全に消失した。以上より、共通配列はNGFの活性を阻害する上で重要であることが示された。
本実験において、プールやプライマー配列など、条件を変えたSELEXで常に高頻度に共通配列が出現した(実施例1〜4)。SELEXで得られた74配列中、UGAAANNANCY(配列番号107)の共通配列を含むアプタマーは59配列存在した。ここで、NはA、G、C、Uの任意のヌクレオチドで、UはTであってもよい。Yはピリミジンヌクレオチドを示す。このうち、UGAAAAAAACY(配列番号110)は29配列、UGAAAGAAACY(配列番号111)は13配列存在した。
一方、一般式CGAANNAAACY(配列番号108)およびAGAANNAAACY(配列番号109)で表わされる共通配列もそれぞれ3個と2個存在していた。このうち、CGAACAAAACY(配列番号112)は1配列、CGAAAGAAACY(配列番号113)は1配列存在した。これらはHGAANNNANCY(配列番号106)という一般式で表示できる。
これらの共通配列は、38ヌクレオチド長の短鎖化体に必要であること(実施例9)、酵素消化の実験でNGFを添加することで保護されること(実施例11)、変異導入で生理活性が大きく低下すること(実施例12)からも、NGFの機能を阻害する上で重要であることがわかる。
短鎖化したアプタマーに変異を導入した場合、活性が保持できるかどうか確認した。配列番号30(6)のアプタマーは41ヌクレオチドの長さで共通配列を含んでいない。5’及び3’末端はinverted dTが付加している。活性は実施例8と同様にNeuroscreen−1細胞を用いて評価した。結果を表6に示す。
MFOLDプログラムで予測されたステム部分のG1:C41、A10:U33、A12:U31塩基対をC1:G41、U10:A33、U12:A31に入れ替えたところ、活性の顕著な低下は見られなかった。また、ループ部分のG20とG23をA20とA23に置換したところ、同様に活性の顕著な低下は見られなかった。以上より、配列番号30(6)で表わされるアプタマーは数個の変異が入っても活性が保持されていることが示された。
配列番号30、32、35で表わされるアプタマーと、先行文献(Binkley J et al.,(1995)Nucleic Acids Res.23, 3198)に記載のNGFアプタマーの、NGFへの結合活性、NGFとNGF受容体との結合阻害活性、神経突起伸長阻害活性の比較を行った。
先行文献記載のアプタマーは全て未修飾RNAであり、本明細書記載の配列と一致するものはない。先行文献記載のアプタマーとして結合活性が高いH1、L2、L6を選び、T7ポリメラーゼで転写して作製した。結合活性は実施例1、NGFとNGF受容体の結合阻害活性は実施例6、神経突起伸長阻害活性は実施例8と同様な方法で評価した。
その結果、H1、L2、L6はNGFと結合するものの配列番号30、32、35で表わされるアプタマーよりも活性が低いことがわかった(表7)。また、H1、L2、L6はNGFとNGF受容体の結合を阻害せず、突起伸長阻害実験において500nM添加した場合でも阻害活性を示さなかった(表7)。以上より、本明細書記載のアプタマーは先行文献記載のアプタマーよりも高い活性を有していることが示された。
NGFとの結合活性については、NGFに配列番号35が結合した場合の最大RU値を100%として評価した。80%以上の場合は“++”、50%以上の場合は“+”、50%以下の場合は“−”で表す。NGFとNGF受容体との結合阻害については、“+”は阻害活性%が60%以上であること、“−”は60%未満であることを表す。
NGFによる神経突起伸張の阻害活性は、それぞれのアプタマーの最終濃度が500nMおよび250nMである場合の阻害活性(%)を示す。
Claims (22)
- NGFに結合し、NGFとNGF受容体の結合を阻害する、ヌクレオチド数が38〜80のアプタマーであって、HGAANNNANCY(配列番号106)で表される配列を含み、ここでNは任意のヌクレオチド、HはGを除くヌクレオチド、Yはピリミジンヌクレオチドであり、前記配列は、
UGAAAAAAACC(配列番号91)、
UGAAAGAAACC(配列番号92)、
UGAAAGAAACU(配列番号93)、
UGAAACAAACC(配列番号94)、
UGAAAAGAACC(配列番号95)、
UGAAAAAACCC(配列番号96)、
UGAAAAAACCU(配列番号97)、
UGAAAACAACC(配列番号98)、
UGAAAUAAACC(配列番号99)、
UGAAAUAAACU(配列番号100)、
UGAAAAAAUCU(配列番号101)、
AGAAUGAAACU(配列番号102)、
CGAACAAAACU(配列番号103)、
CGAAAGAAACU(配列番号104)、又は
UGAAAGGAACC(配列番号105)
であり、前記配列の少なくとも一つのヌクレオチドが修飾されているアプタマー。 - 前記配列が、
UGAAAAAAACC(配列番号91)、
UGAAAGAAACC(配列番号92)、
UGAAACAAACC(配列番号94)、
UGAAAAGAACC(配列番号95)、又は
UGAAAGGAACC(配列番号105)
であり、当該配列が下記式(I):
(式中、VはA、G又はCを示す。)
で表わされる潜在的二次構造をとり得る、請求項1に記載のアプタマー。 - 前記配列が、
UGAAAAAAACC(配列番号91)、
UGAAAGAAACC(配列番号92)、又は
UGAAAAGAACC(配列番号95)
である、請求項2記載のアプタマー。 - 各ピリミジンヌクレオチドのリボースの2’位のヒドロキシル基が、同一又は異なって、無置換であるか、水素原子、フッ素原子及びメトキシ基からなる群より選ばれる原子又は基で置換されている、請求項1〜3のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- 各プリンヌクレオチドのリボースの2’位のヒドロキシル基が、同一又は異なって、無置換であるか、水素原子、フッ素原子及びメトキシ基からなる群より選ばれる原子又は基で置換されている、請求項1〜4のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- NGFに結合し、NGFとNGF受容体の結合を阻害するアプタマーであって、以下の(a)、(b)又は(c)のいずれかのヌクレオチド配列を含む、アプタマー:
(a)配列番号1〜9、12、24〜55、57〜90のいずれかから選択されるヌクレオチド配列(但し、ウラシルはチミンであってもよい);
(b)配列番号1〜9、12、24〜55、57〜90のいずれかから選択されるヌクレオチド配列(但し、ウラシルはチミンであってもよい)において、HGAANNNANCY(Nは任意のヌクレオチドであり、HはGを除くヌクレオチドであり、Yはピリミジンヌクレオチドである)で表される配列を除く1〜4個のヌクレオチドが置換、欠失、挿入又は付加されたヌクレオチド配列;又は
(c)配列番号1〜9、12、24〜55、57〜90のいずれかから選択されるヌクレオチド配列(但し、ウラシルはチミンであってもよい)と90%以上の同一性を有する(但し、HGAANNNANCY(Nは任意のヌクレオチドであり、HはGを除くヌクレオチドであり、Yはピリミジンヌクレオチドである)で表わされる配列は同一である)、ヌクレオチド配列。 - 少なくとも1つのヌクレオチドが修飾されている、請求項6に記載のアプタマー。
- 各ピリミジンヌクレオチドのリボースの2’位のヒドロキシル基が、同一又は異なって、無置換であるか、水素原子、フッ素原子及びメトキシ基からなる群より選ばれる原子又は基で置換されている、請求項7に記載のアプタマー。
- 各プリンヌクレオチドのリボースの2’位のヒドロキシル基が、同一又は異なって、無置換であるか、水素原子、フッ素原子及びメトキシ基からなる群より選ばれる原子又は基で置換されている、請求項7に記載のアプタマー。
- NGFに結合し、NGFの神経細胞突起伸長活性を阻害する、請求項1〜9のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー。
- 50%阻害濃度(IC50)が100nM以下である、請求項10に記載のアプタマー。
- 50%阻害濃度(IC50)が10nM以下である、請求項10に記載のアプタマー。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマー及びそれと結合する標識用物質、酵素、薬物送達媒体又は薬物を含む複合体。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項13に記載の複合体を含む医薬。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項13に記載の複合体を含む抗疼痛剤。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項13に記載の複合体を含む抗炎症剤。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項13に記載の複合体を含む診断薬。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項13に記載の複合体を含むNGF検出用プローブ。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項13に記載の複合体を含む、NGF精製用固相担体。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項13に記載の複合体を用いることを特徴とする、NGFの検出方法。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項13に記載の複合体を用いることを特徴とする、NGFの精製方法。
- 請求項1〜12のいずれか一項に記載のアプタマーあるいは請求項13に記載の複合体を含む、NGFとNGF受容体との結合阻害剤。
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Non-Patent Citations (1)
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JPN6009066334; BINKLEY J., et al.: 'RNA ligands to human nerve growth factor' Nucleic Acids Research vol.23, No.16, 1995, p.3198-3205 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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BRPI0919268B8 (pt) | 2021-05-25 |
WO2010035725A1 (ja) | 2010-04-01 |
EP2354225A4 (en) | 2012-03-21 |
ZA201102682B (en) | 2012-06-27 |
CA2738129C (en) | 2017-11-14 |
CN102171339B (zh) | 2017-06-09 |
US10260070B2 (en) | 2019-04-16 |
IL211929A0 (en) | 2011-06-30 |
BRPI0919268A2 (pt) | 2017-11-07 |
EP2354225B1 (en) | 2015-04-22 |
CN102171339A (zh) | 2011-08-31 |
DK2354225T3 (en) | 2015-06-29 |
CA2738129A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
AU2009297626B2 (en) | 2016-01-14 |
MX2011003144A (es) | 2011-05-19 |
JPWO2010035725A1 (ja) | 2012-02-23 |
AU2009297626A2 (en) | 2011-05-19 |
BRPI0919268A8 (pt) | 2018-02-06 |
EP2354225A9 (en) | 2012-06-27 |
EP2354225A1 (en) | 2011-08-10 |
US20110251266A1 (en) | 2011-10-13 |
HUE026595T2 (hu) | 2016-06-28 |
AU2009297626A1 (en) | 2010-04-01 |
RU2011116175A (ru) | 2012-10-27 |
KR20110059888A (ko) | 2011-06-07 |
KR101694559B1 (ko) | 2017-01-09 |
BRPI0919268B1 (pt) | 2021-01-12 |
ES2543222T3 (es) | 2015-08-17 |
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