JP5329453B2 - 非水系二次電池 - Google Patents
非水系二次電池 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- JP5329453B2 JP5329453B2 JP2010016697A JP2010016697A JP5329453B2 JP 5329453 B2 JP5329453 B2 JP 5329453B2 JP 2010016697 A JP2010016697 A JP 2010016697A JP 2010016697 A JP2010016697 A JP 2010016697A JP 5329453 B2 JP5329453 B2 JP 5329453B2
- Authority
- JP
- Japan
- Prior art keywords
- positive electrode
- coupling agent
- mass
- active material
- electrode active
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000007822 coupling agent Substances 0.000 claims description 71
- 239000007774 positive electrode material Substances 0.000 claims description 59
- 239000011255 nonaqueous electrolyte Substances 0.000 claims description 49
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 40
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims description 31
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 15
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000006087 Silane Coupling Agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052744 lithium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium Chemical compound [Li] WHXSMMKQMYFTQS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 125000006702 (C1-C18) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000003903 2-propenyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001153 fluoro group Chemical group F* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000004432 carbon atom Chemical group C* 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 70
- VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C1COCOC1 VDFVNEFVBPFDSB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 34
- 229910012851 LiCoO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- -1 Lithium transition metal Chemical class 0.000 description 14
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 13
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 8
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 7
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene carbonate Chemical compound O=C1OCCO1 KMTRUDSVKNLOMY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N propylene carbonate Chemical compound CC1COC(=O)O1 RUOJZAUFBMNUDX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229910015643 LiMn 2 O 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- KEBBHXFLBGHGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-K aluminum;4-ethyl-3-oxohexanoate Chemical compound [Al+3].CCC(CC)C(=O)CC([O-])=O.CCC(CC)C(=O)CC([O-])=O.CCC(CC)C(=O)CC([O-])=O KEBBHXFLBGHGMA-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 239000003125 aqueous solvent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000006864 oxidative decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 239000002002 slurry Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052723 transition metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,4-Dioxane Chemical compound C1COCCO1 RYHBNJHYFVUHQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910013290 LiNiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M acetoacetate Chemical compound CC(=O)CC([O-])=O WDJHALXBUFZDSR-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 4
- 150000005678 chain carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N diphenyl Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 ZUOUZKKEUPVFJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N gamma-valerolactone Chemical compound CC1CCC(=O)O1 GAEKPEKOJKCEMS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003624 transition metals Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910013716 LiNi Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 229910013870 LiPF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silane Chemical compound [SiH4] BLRPTPMANUNPDV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 150000004649 carbonic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 150000005676 cyclic carbonates Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 125000000524 functional group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000005647 linker group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000002829 reductive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229910000077 silane Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-butylene carbonate Chemical compound CCC1COC(=O)O1 ZZXUZKXVROWEIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000000093 1,3-dioxanes Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-dioxol-2-one Chemical compound O=C1OC=CO1 VAYTZRYEBVHVLE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CGNOMSJAJQUXAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ol Chemical compound CC1(C)OCC(O)CO1 CGNOMSJAJQUXAT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- VUAXHMVRKOTJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 2,2-dimethylbutanoate Chemical class CCC(C)(C)C([O-])=O VUAXHMVRKOTJKP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- VREPYGYMOSZTKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound CC1CCOC(C)O1 VREPYGYMOSZTKJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(chloromethyl)pyridine-3-carbonitrile Chemical compound ClCC1=NC=CC=C1C#N FALRKNHUBBKYCC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HDGHQFQMWUTHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-methyl-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound CC1OCCCO1 HDGHQFQMWUTHKL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- INCCMBMMWVKEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-methyl-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound CC1CCOCO1 INCCMBMMWVKEGJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RCJRILMVFLGCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound O1COCCC1C1=CC=CC=C1 RCJRILMVFLGCJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- WNOLSROVVPUGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 5-ethoxy-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound CCOC1COCOC1 WNOLSROVVPUGTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetone Chemical compound CC(C)=O CSCPPACGZOOCGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OCC OIFBSDVPJOWBCH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910012391 LiCo0.99Al0.01O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014089 LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910014689 LiMnO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910015724 LiNi0.85Co0.15O2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Lithium ion Chemical compound [Li+] HBBGRARXTFLTSG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002033 PVDF binder Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910003481 amorphous carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 235000010290 biphenyl Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004305 biphenyl Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003575 carbonaceous material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007772 electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010828 elution Methods 0.000 description 2
- YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical compound CC(C)(C)C(=O)OC=C YCUBDDIKWLELPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000002170 ethers Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 125000001301 ethoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 2
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 125000003253 isopropoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])(O*)C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910001416 lithium ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 229910003002 lithium salt Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 159000000002 lithium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000000691 measurement method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 2
- KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCOC(=O)OC KKQAVHGECIBFRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000007773 negative electrode material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002981 polyvinylidene fluoride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229940014800 succinic anhydride Drugs 0.000 description 2
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- HMXHUUDRVBXHBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N (2-hydroxyacetyl) 2-hydroxyacetate Chemical compound OCC(=O)OC(=O)CO HMXHUUDRVBXHBQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3,2-dioxathiolane 2-oxide Chemical compound O=S1OCCO1 WDXYVJKNSMILOQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NZPSDGIEKAQVEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzodioxol-2-one Chemical compound C1=CC=CC2=C1OC(=O)O2 NZPSDGIEKAQVEZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Chemical compound CCN1C=C[N+](C)=C1 NJMWOUFKYKNWDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- MBUIVAAHRBEDCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-ethenyl-1,3-dioxane Chemical compound C=CC1OCCCO1 MBUIVAAHRBEDCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-methyl-1,3-oxazolidin-2-one Chemical compound CN1CCOC1=O VWIIJDNADIEEDB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M Butyrate Chemical compound CCCC([O-])=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyric acid Natural products CCCC(O)=O FERIUCNNQQJTOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002134 Carboxymethyl cellulose Polymers 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000733 Li alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015015 LiAsF 6 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013063 LiBF 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013684 LiClO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013733 LiCo Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010707 LiFePO 4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910015118 LiMO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910014093 LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910013705 LiNi 1-x Mn Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910012672 LiTiO Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N N,N-Dimethylformamide Chemical compound CN(C)C=O ZMXDDKWLCZADIW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910020810 Sn-Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910018757 Sn—Co Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910010413 TiO 2 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tin Chemical compound [Sn] ATJFFYVFTNAWJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000003277 amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 229910021383 artificial graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000006227 byproduct Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001733 carboxylic acid esters Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000748 compression moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006258 conductive agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011889 copper foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001351 cycling effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000001787 dendrite Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 1
- QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N dibutyl carbonate Chemical compound CCCCOC(=O)OCCCC QLVWOKQMDLQXNN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethyl carbonate Chemical compound COC(=O)OC IEJIGPNLZYLLBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N divinyl sulfone Chemical compound C=CS(=O)(=O)C=C AFOSIXZFDONLBT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000007606 doctor blade method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000003411 electrode reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- BPFOYPDHLJUICH-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethenyl ethyl carbonate Chemical compound CCOC(=O)OC=C BPFOYPDHLJUICH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HHEIMYAXCOIQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethyl 2,2-dimethylpropanoate Chemical class CCOC(=O)C(C)(C)C HHEIMYAXCOIQCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000001495 ethyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021469 graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010954 inorganic particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002576 ketones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002596 lactones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000000670 limiting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000001989 lithium alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N lithium;bis(1,1,2,2,2-pentafluoroethylsulfonyl)azanide Chemical compound [Li+].FC(F)(F)C(F)(F)S(=O)(=O)[N-]S(=O)(=O)C(F)(F)C(F)(F)F ACFSQHQYDZIPRL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002905 metal composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052752 metalloid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000000956 methoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])O* 0.000 description 1
- CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M methyl carbonate Chemical compound COC([O-])=O CXHHBNMLPJOKQD-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- UAITYUMHZBKNFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl propanoate phosphoric acid Chemical class C(CC)(=O)OC.OP(O)(O)=O UAITYUMHZBKNFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012982 microporous membrane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012046 mixed solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910021470 non-graphitizable carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010450 olivine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052609 olivine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxygen(2-);titanium(4+) Chemical class [O-2].[O-2].[Ti+4] SOQBVABWOPYFQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid Substances OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010298 pulverizing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrrolidin-2-one Chemical compound O=C1CCCN1 HNJBEVLQSNELDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000009257 reactivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000000087 stabilizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N sulfolane Chemical compound O=S1(=O)CCCC1 HXJUTPCZVOIRIF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003464 sulfur compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012756 surface treatment agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004213 tert-butoxy group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])C(O*)(C([H])([H])[H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
- 239000002562 thickening agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N triethoxy(methyl)silane Chemical compound CCO[Si](C)(OCC)OCC CPUDPFPXCZDNGI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000000725 trifluoropropyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])(*)C([H])([H])C(F)(F)F 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Condensed Matter Physics & Semiconductors (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Description
リチウム複合酸化物を正極活物質とする正極合剤層が形成された正極極板と、負極極板と、セパレータと、非水電解質とを備える非水系二次電池において、
前記正極活物質の平均粒径が4.5〜15.5μm、比表面積が0.13〜0.80m2/gであり、
前記正極合剤層がシランカップリング剤もしくは下記一般式(I)で表されるカップリング剤の少なくとも1種を前記正極活物質の質量に対して0.003質量%以上5質量%以下含有し、
前記非水電解質は、下記一般式(II)で表される1,3−ジオキサン誘導体を非水電解質総質量に対して0.05質量%以上3.0質量%以下含有することを特徴とする。
[正極の作製]
各種正極活物質を95質量%、導電剤としての無定形炭素HS−100(商品名)2.5質量%、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVdF)2.5質量%の割合で混合して正極合剤とし、これに正極合剤質量の50質量%のN−メチルピロリドン(NMP)を加えてスラリー状にした。得られたスラリーに各種カップリング剤を所定量添加し、十分に撹拌した後、ドクターブレード法により厚さ12μmのアルミ箔の両面に塗布(塗布量400g/m2)した。その後、加熱乾燥(70〜140℃)してNMPを除去した後、加圧成型して充填密度3.70g/cm3(LiMn2O4、LiMn1/3Ni1/3Co1/3O2については3.12g/cm3))となるようにし、所定の大きさに切り出して正極板を得た。
人造黒鉛(d=0.335nm)97質量%、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)2質量%、結着材としてのスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)1質量%の割合で混合し、これに水を加えてスラリー状にして厚さ8μmの銅箔の両面に塗布(塗布量210g/m2)した。その後、これを乾燥させて水分を除去した後、圧縮ローラーを用いて充填密度1.6g/cm3となるまで圧縮し、所定の大きさに切り出して負極極板を作製した。
所定の寸法にスリットした正極板と負極板に集電タブを溶接し、厚さ16μmのポリエチレン微多孔膜のセパレータを挟んで捲回し、巻回電極体を作製した。得られた巻回電極体をカップ成型したラミネート外装体内に収納し、注液口を除いて熱シールすることにより注液前電池を作製した。
非水電解質としては、EC/PC/ピバリン酸メチルをそれぞれ体積比で30/20/50となるように混合した非水溶媒を用い、これに電解質塩としてのLiPF6濃度が1Mとなるように溶解したものを用いた。更に、DOX誘導体を添加する場合には、非水電解質総質量に対して所定量添加した。この非水電解質6mlを注液口より注入した後に真空含浸処理を行い、その後注液口を熱シールして充放電を行い、設計容量1500mAh(1It=1500mA)の非水系二次電池を完成させた。
上述のようにして作製された各実施例及び比較例の電池のそれぞれに対し、以下の測定方法に従って、初期容量、高温サイクル特性、及び、自己放電量を求めた。
各実施例及び比較例の電池のそれぞれに対し、23℃の恒温槽中で、0.5It=750mAの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vに達するまで充電し、更に電池電圧が4.2Vに達した後は、4.2Vの定電圧で電流値が0.12It=180mAになるまで充電した。その後、0.5It=750mAの定電流で電池電圧が2.75Vになるまで放電した。このときの放電容量を初期容量として求めた。
各実施例及び比較例のそれぞれの電池について、60℃の恒温槽中で、1It=1500mAの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vに達するまで充電し、更に電池電圧が4.2Vに達した後は、4.2Vの定電圧で電流値が0.1It=150mAになるまで充電した。その後、20分間休止した後、1It=1500mAの定電流で電池電圧が2.75Vになるまで放電した。このときの放電容量を1サイクル時の放電容量として求めた。同様の充放電を60℃の恒温槽中で400回繰り返し、400回目の放電容量を400サイクル時の放電容量として求め、以下の計算式に基いて高温サイクル特性(%)を求めた。
高温サイクル特性(%)
=(400サイクル時の放電容量/1サイクル時の放電容量)×100
前記の高温サイクル特性の測定を行った各電池について、23℃の恒温槽中で、0.5It=750mAの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vに達するまで充電し、更に電池電圧が4.2Vに達した後は、4.2Vの定電圧で電流値が(1/50)It=30mAになるまで充電して満充電状態とした。この満充電状態の電池を23℃で3ヶ月間放置した。その後、0.01It=15mAの定電流で、電池の開回路電圧が保管前の電池の開回路電圧に等しくなるまで再充電を行い、このとき流れた充電量を自己放電量として求めた。
実施例1〜15、比較例1〜10の非水系二次電池としては、正極活物質として平均粒径が13.1μmであり、比表面積が0.25m2/gのLiCoO2を用いた。なお、以下においては、各種DOX誘導体の添加量は非水電解質の総質量に対する割合を示し、各種カップリング剤の添加量は正極活物質量に対する割合を示している。
実施例16〜33、比較例11及び12の非水系二次電池としては、正極活物質として平均粒径が13.1μmであり、比表面積が0.25m2/gのLiCoO2を用い、更に非水電解質中に添加するDOX誘導体としては1,3−ジオキサンを1.0質量%となるように添加したものを用いた。
実施例34〜46及び比較例13〜31の非水系二次電池としては、非水電解質中に添加するDOX誘導体としては1,3−ジオキサンを用い、正極合剤層中に添加するカップリング剤としてはアルミニウムビスエチルアセトアセテートモノアセチルアセトネートを用いた。
Claims (3)
- リチウム複合酸化物を正極活物質とする正極合剤層が形成された正極極板と、負極極板と、セパレータと、非水電解質とを備える非水系二次電池において、
前記正極活物質の平均粒径が4.5〜15.5μm、比表面積が0.13〜0.80m2/gであり、
前記正極合剤層がシランカップリング剤もしくは下記一般式(I)で表されるカップリング剤の少なくとも1種を前記正極活物質の質量に対して0.003質量%以上5質量%以下含有し、
前記非水電解質は、下記一般式(II)で表されるDOX誘導体を非水電解質総質量に対して0.05質量%以上3.0質量%以下含有することを特徴とする非水系二次電池。
(ただし、MはAl、Ti、Zrから選択される1種であり、R1及びR2は炭素原子数1〜18のアルキル基又はアルコキシ基であり、nは1〜4の整数を表す。)
(ただし、R1〜R4は、水素原子、フッ素原子、ヒドロキシル基、炭素数1〜4のアルキル基あるいはアルコキシ基、アリール基、ビニル基又はアリル基である。)。
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JP2013089468A (ja) * | 2011-10-18 | 2013-05-13 | Sony Corp | 非水電解質電池および非水電解質、並びに電池パック、電子機器、電動車両、蓄電装置および電力システム |
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