JP5094175B2 - Lithium ion secondary battery pack - Google Patents

Lithium ion secondary battery pack Download PDF

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JP5094175B2
JP5094175B2 JP2007076535A JP2007076535A JP5094175B2 JP 5094175 B2 JP5094175 B2 JP 5094175B2 JP 2007076535 A JP2007076535 A JP 2007076535A JP 2007076535 A JP2007076535 A JP 2007076535A JP 5094175 B2 JP5094175 B2 JP 5094175B2
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lithium ion
battery pack
ion secondary
secondary battery
case
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JP2008235170A (en
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正勝 笠井
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Envision AESC Energy Devices Ltd
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NEC Energy Devices Ltd
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    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02EREDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/10Energy storage using batteries

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Description

本発明はリチウムイオン電池やリチウムイオンポリマー電池を用いたリチウムイオン二次電池パックに関し、特に大容量化に適した耐震構造及び放熱構造を有するリチウムイオン二次電池パックに関する。   The present invention relates to a lithium ion secondary battery pack using a lithium ion battery or a lithium ion polymer battery, and more particularly to a lithium ion secondary battery pack having an earthquake-resistant structure and a heat dissipation structure suitable for increasing the capacity.

近年の電子機器、特に携帯電話、ノート型パーソナルコンピュータ、ビデオカメラなどの携帯用情報機器の発達や普及に伴い、小型、軽量で、かつエネルギー密度が高い二次電池の需要が大きく伸張し、なお、高性能化の検討がなされている。このような二次電池として特にリチウムイオン二次電池が注目されている。   With the development and popularization of portable information devices such as mobile phones, notebook personal computers, and video cameras in recent years, the demand for secondary batteries that are small, lightweight, and have high energy density has greatly increased. Considering higher performance. As such a secondary battery, a lithium ion secondary battery is particularly attracting attention.

リチウムイオン二次電池の一般的な構造は、リチウム−コバルト複合酸化物などの正極活物質粉末、導電性粉末、及びバインダからなる正極活物質層をアルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体表面に形成してなる正極と、炭素系の負極活物質粉末、及びバインダからなる負極活物質層を銅箔からなる負極集電体表面に形成してなる負極を、多孔質のフィルムからなるセパレータを介して重ね、電解液を含浸し発電素子としたものである。   The general structure of a lithium ion secondary battery is that a positive electrode active material layer made of a positive electrode active material powder such as lithium-cobalt composite oxide, a conductive powder, and a binder is formed on the surface of a positive electrode current collector made of aluminum foil. A negative electrode formed by forming a negative electrode active material layer made of a copper foil and a negative electrode active material layer made of a copper foil on a surface of a negative electrode current collector made of a porous film. The power generation element is impregnated with an electrolytic solution.

小型化、軽量化のために、電解液を高分子電解質に替えたリチウムイオンポリマー電池が用いられ、また発電素子を封入する外装材としてアルミニウムなどの金属箔と高分子フィルムからなるラミネートフィルムが用いられている。   In order to reduce size and weight, lithium ion polymer batteries whose electrolytes are replaced with polymer electrolytes are used, and laminate films made of metal foil such as aluminum and polymer films are used as exterior materials to enclose power generation elements. It has been.

図5は従来のラミネートフィルムを外装に用いた二次電池の一例を示す斜視図である。図5において、発電素子をラミネートフィルム13により封入してリチウムイオン電池が構成され、発電素子の正極に接続された正極タブ14と負極に接続された負極タブ15をそれぞれラミネートフィルムより突出させて設けている(例えば特許文献1参照)。   FIG. 5 is a perspective view showing an example of a secondary battery using a conventional laminate film as an exterior. In FIG. 5, a power generation element is enclosed with a laminate film 13 to constitute a lithium ion battery, and a positive electrode tab 14 connected to the positive electrode of the power generation element and a negative electrode tab 15 connected to the negative electrode are provided so as to protrude from the laminate film. (See, for example, Patent Document 1).

図8は従来のラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池パック内部の分解斜視図である。従来、ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池の組電池のケースへの装着については、図8に示すように組電池3の周囲を弾性体10、11、12で覆い、組み込む構造が主流であった(例えば特許文献2、図5参照)。   FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the inside of a conventional laminated lithium ion secondary battery pack. Conventionally, as for the mounting of a laminated type lithium ion secondary battery to a case of an assembled battery, a structure in which the periphery of the assembled battery 3 is covered with elastic bodies 10, 11, and 12 as shown in FIG. For example, see Patent Document 2 and FIG.

しかし、近年のラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池を搭載する装置の多様化から、例えば、業務用電動機器のように高い機械的強度(10G程度を数十時間加える程度)を要求されながら同時に、使用時に流れる大電流による電池の発熱を抑制するよう要求されるような用途も出てきており以下のような問題があった。   However, due to the diversification of devices equipped with laminate-type lithium ion secondary batteries in recent years, high mechanical strength (about 10G is added for several tens of hours) is required at the same time as, for example, commercial electric equipment. Applications that are required to suppress the heat generation of the battery due to the large current that flows sometimes have come out and have the following problems.

図6はラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池の組電池の部分断面図であり、図7はラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池の組電池の平面図である。通常、隣接する電池同士を粘着材などで固定されたラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池に振動を加えると、図6に示すように電池内部で電極積層体16が電解液中に浮いているような状態となり、電極積層体16のエッジ部と絞り加工を施したラミネート外装材のエンボスの角部17が擦れあうことになる。振動が弱い場合、加震時間が短い場合には問題が無いが、加速度が大きい場合や長時間の振動にさらされる場合にはラミネート外装材の絶縁性の低下からくる腐食や機械的破壊により、図7に示す外装体の側面部および底面部において稜18の中央部付近から漏液を起こす事があった。   FIG. 6 is a partial cross-sectional view of an assembled battery of a laminated lithium ion secondary battery, and FIG. 7 is a plan view of the assembled battery of a laminated lithium ion secondary battery. Normally, when a laminate type lithium ion secondary battery in which adjacent batteries are fixed with an adhesive or the like is vibrated, the electrode laminate 16 floats in the electrolyte inside the battery as shown in FIG. As a result, the edge portions of the electrode laminate 16 and the corner portions 17 of the embossed laminate exterior material rub against each other. When the vibration is weak, there is no problem when the shaking time is short, but when the acceleration is large or when exposed to vibration for a long time, due to the corrosion and mechanical destruction resulting from the deterioration of the insulation of the laminate exterior material, In some cases, leakage occurred from the vicinity of the center of the ridge 18 in the side surface and bottom surface of the exterior body shown in FIG.

また、このようなラミネート外装材の脆弱性の課題を解決するために、従来は積層方向にある一定以上の加重を加えて電池同士または電池内の積層された電極が動かないように加圧する必要があった。図9は従来の電池パックの斜視図である。図9に示されるように、ラミネート型リチウムイオン単電池を積層した組電池(単電池積層体)3を剛性のある金属板32で挟み込み、ボルトまたはナット33等で締め付けたりしていた(例えば特許文献3、図1参照)。また図8のように弾性体を用いる場合には、弾性体を厚くし(5.0〜7.0mm程度)元の厚みの1/2程度まで大きく圧縮してケース内に入れ込み積層方向の加重を得る方法があった。また、加重を掛ける方法以外には電池パックのケース内の組電池全体を樹脂で封止する方法もあった(例えば特許文献4参照)。   In addition, in order to solve the problem of the weakness of the laminate outer packaging material, it is conventionally necessary to apply pressure above a certain level in the stacking direction and pressurize so that the batteries or stacked electrodes in the battery do not move. was there. FIG. 9 is a perspective view of a conventional battery pack. As shown in FIG. 9, an assembled battery (single cell laminate) 3 in which laminated lithium ion cells are stacked is sandwiched between rigid metal plates 32 and tightened with bolts or nuts 33 (for example, patents). Reference 3, see FIG. 1). Further, when using an elastic body as shown in FIG. 8, the elastic body is thickened (about 5.0 to 7.0 mm) and compressed to about half of the original thickness and inserted into the case to load in the stacking direction. There was a way to get. In addition to the method of applying a load, there is also a method of sealing the entire assembled battery in the battery pack case with a resin (see, for example, Patent Document 4).

しかし、図8で示される組電池の周囲を弾性体で覆い組み込む構造や、図9で示される組電池を金属板等で挟み込む構造においては電池パック内で組電池が占める部分以外にも比較的広い空間を必要とし小型化に不向きであり、また、組電池全体を樹脂で封止する方法や、組電池を金属板等で挟み込む構造の場合には全体の重量が増し、ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池の軽量性という特性を生かせなかった。また、空気による組電池の冷却を考慮した場合、組電池の周囲全体を弾性体で覆い組み込む構造や、組電池全体を樹脂で封止する方法は不向きであった。さらに、組電池の周囲を弾性体で覆い組み込み大きく圧縮する構造では、緩衝材となる弾性体の反発力により、電池パックのケース表面が変形するなどの不具合を生じる可能性もあった。   However, in the structure in which the periphery of the assembled battery shown in FIG. 8 is covered with an elastic body, or in the structure in which the assembled battery shown in FIG. It requires a large space and is unsuitable for miniaturization. Also, when the entire assembled battery is sealed with a resin, or when the assembled battery is sandwiched between metal plates, the overall weight increases, resulting in a laminated lithium ion secondary battery. I could not take advantage of the light weight of the secondary battery. In consideration of cooling of the assembled battery by air, a structure in which the entire periphery of the assembled battery is covered with an elastic body and a method of sealing the entire assembled battery with a resin are unsuitable. Furthermore, in the structure in which the periphery of the assembled battery is covered with an elastic body and greatly compressed, there is a possibility that the battery pack case surface is deformed due to the repulsive force of the elastic body serving as a buffer material.

特開2005−129234号公報JP 2005-129234 A 特開2004−139924号公報JP 2004-139924 A 特開2005−116427号公報JP-A-2005-116427 特開2003−162989号公報JP 2003-162989 A

このような状況にあって、本発明の課題は、比較的少ない体積および重量で対振動性および空気冷却性のよいリチウムイオン二次電池パックを提供することにある。   Under such circumstances, it is an object of the present invention to provide a lithium ion secondary battery pack having good vibration resistance and air cooling performance with a relatively small volume and weight.

上記課題を解決するため、本発明のリチウムイオン二次電池パックは、ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池からなる少なくとも一個の単電池から構成される組電池をケースに収納したリチウムイオン二次電池パックにおいて、前記組電池と前記ケース間に前記組電池の上下面を全面に亘り覆い、側面を部分的に覆う弾性体と、前記組電池の側面の角部に発泡性充填材を有し、前記ケースに前記組電池の側面の中央部との間に空間を保ち、前記組電池を保持するリブを設けたことを特徴とする。   In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, a lithium ion secondary battery pack according to the present invention is a lithium ion secondary battery pack in which an assembled battery composed of at least one single cell composed of a laminated lithium ion secondary battery is housed in a case. An elastic body covering the entire upper and lower surfaces of the assembled battery between the assembled battery and the case and partially covering a side surface; and a foaming filler at a corner of the side surface of the assembled battery; Further, a rib is provided to maintain a space between the battery pack and a central portion of a side surface of the battery pack and to hold the battery pack.

また、前記発泡性充填材を組電池の側面の角部において前記リブにより仕切られた各辺の1/4〜1/3の部分に接するように充填してもよい。   In addition, the foamable filler may be filled so as to be in contact with 1/4 to 1/3 of each side partitioned by the ribs at the corners of the side surface of the assembled battery.

また、前記側面を部分的に覆う弾性体を前記リブ上に設けてもよい。   Further, an elastic body that partially covers the side surface may be provided on the rib.

また、前記組電池は複数の単電池を接着剤または粘着剤で固定され積層されてもよい。   In the assembled battery, a plurality of unit cells may be fixed with an adhesive or a pressure-sensitive adhesive and stacked.

また、前記組電池の容量が1Ah以上18Ah以下であることが好ましい。   Moreover, it is preferable that the capacity | capacitance of the said assembled battery is 1 Ah or more and 18 Ah or less.

以上のように、本発明では、ケースと組電池間の一部を弾性体と発泡性充填材により固定することにより耐震性を向上させ且つ、組電池を完全に覆わないことにより空冷のための通路を確保し、比較的小さな容積と重量で耐震性と冷却性に優れたリチウムイオン二次電池パックを供給することが出来る。   As described above, in the present invention, a part of the space between the case and the assembled battery is fixed by the elastic body and the foaming filler, thereby improving the earthquake resistance and not completely covering the assembled battery for air cooling. A lithium ion secondary battery pack that secures a passage and is excellent in earthquake resistance and cooling performance with a relatively small volume and weight can be supplied.

次に、本発明の実施の形態について図面を参照して詳細に説明する。   Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

図3は本発明の実施の形態のリチウムイオン二次電池パックの製造途中工程を示す分解斜視図である。正極、負極、および電解質を有する発電素子を金属箔と樹脂からなるラミネートフィルムで封入してなるラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池を複数積層して構成された組電池3を上下面の全面および側面を部分的に覆う弾性体4、5、6を介し蓋状の上ケース1と箱状の下ケース2からなるケースに収納された構成となっている。ここで上ケース1の一方の端部には空冷の為の吸気口7が、反対側の端部には排気口8が設けてある。   FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view showing a process in the middle of manufacturing the lithium ion secondary battery pack according to the embodiment of the present invention. An assembled battery 3 formed by laminating a plurality of laminate-type lithium ion secondary batteries in which a power generation element having a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte is sealed with a laminate film made of a metal foil and a resin is formed on the entire upper and lower surfaces and side surfaces. It is configured to be housed in a case made up of a lid-like upper case 1 and a box-like lower case 2 via elastic bodies 4, 5 and 6 that are partially covered. Here, an air inlet 7 for air cooling is provided at one end of the upper case 1, and an air outlet 8 is provided at the opposite end.

組電池は、複数の単電池同士を両面粘着テープ、接着剤等で固定する。これは、ラミネート形電池の特徴である薄さを損なわずに組み電池を構成するのに適している。   An assembled battery fixes a plurality of single cells with a double-sided adhesive tape, an adhesive, or the like. This is suitable for constructing the assembled battery without impairing the thinness characteristic of the laminate battery.

図4は本発明の実施の形態のリチウムイオン二次電池パックに用いられる下ケースの斜視図である。図4に示すように組電池を収める下ケース2には、組電池をケース内壁から距離をとって位置決めを行う為のリブ29が設けられており、そのリブは、図中斜線で示す空気の流路21を確保すべく中央部では一部が切り欠いてある。このとき、下ケース2のリブ29と組電池のラミネート外装材の表面が直接触れないように緩衝材となる弾性体4、5を間に挟んでおく。(図3参照)しかし、この緩衝材となる弾性体は、図8の従来例で示したほどの厚さは必要なく、おおよそ1.0〜2.0mm程度で十分であることが振動試験による比較実験により明らかになった。この為、緩衝材の使用量を削減出来、さらにケース変形などの可能性も低くなる。   FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a lower case used in the lithium ion secondary battery pack according to the embodiment of the present invention. As shown in FIG. 4, the lower case 2 for housing the assembled battery is provided with ribs 29 for positioning the assembled battery at a distance from the inner wall of the case. In order to ensure the flow path 21, a part is notched in the center part. At this time, the elastic bodies 4 and 5 serving as cushioning materials are sandwiched between the ribs 29 of the lower case 2 and the surface of the laminate outer packaging material of the assembled battery. (Refer to FIG. 3) However, the elastic body serving as the buffer material does not need to have a thickness as shown in the conventional example of FIG. 8, and approximately 1.0 to 2.0 mm is sufficient according to the vibration test. It became clear by the comparative experiment. For this reason, the amount of use of the cushioning material can be reduced, and the possibility of deformation of the case is reduced.

図1は本発明の実施の形態のリチウムイオン二次電池パックの製造途中工程を示す平面透視図であり、図2は図1のA−A線における断面図である。図1に示すように下ケース2に組電池3を組み込んだ後、発泡性充填材24を組電池3の4隅の側面の角部に注入する。このときの吐出量は発泡後、図7で示した角部における電池各辺の1/4〜1/3の範囲19に行き渡る量に管理される必要があることが振動試験による比較実験により明らかになったが、空気の流路とはリブ29で隔離される為、さほど厳密な管理を必要としない。また、図2に示すように、充填材は発泡性であるため、複雑な形状にも追従して発泡性充填材24が組電池3と下ケース2間を埋める。注入される発泡性充填材は、作業性の面および硬化時に発熱を伴わないことから一液性のウレタン系発泡充填材がよい。   FIG. 1 is a plan perspective view showing a process in the middle of manufacturing a lithium ion secondary battery pack according to an embodiment of the present invention, and FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. As shown in FIG. 1, after the assembled battery 3 is assembled into the lower case 2, the foamable filler 24 is injected into the corners of the four corners of the assembled battery 3. It is clear from a comparative experiment by a vibration test that the discharge amount at this time needs to be controlled to an amount that reaches a range 19 of ¼ to 3 of each side of the battery at the corner shown in FIG. 7 after foaming. However, since it is isolated from the air flow path by the ribs 29, it does not require so strict management. As shown in FIG. 2, since the filler is foamable, the foamable filler 24 fills the space between the assembled battery 3 and the lower case 2 following a complicated shape. The foamable filler to be injected is preferably a one-component urethane-based foam filler because it is easy to work and does not generate heat during curing.

なお、一般的に1Ah未満の電池は容積、重量共に小さく、組電池としてよりも単電池の状態で電池パックを構成する場合も多く、また、このクラスの単電池の多くは比較的強固なAl缶ケースを持っている場合の方が多い為、あまり耐震性を考慮する必要性がない。また、現在想定している単電池の最大容量は18Ahである。   In general, a battery of less than 1 Ah is small in both volume and weight, and in many cases, a battery pack is configured in a single battery state as an assembled battery, and many of this class of single batteries are relatively strong Al. Because there are many cases that have a can case, there is no need to consider earthquake resistance too much. Moreover, the maximum capacity of the cell currently assumed is 18 Ah.

以上のように、本発明により比較的少ない重量、容積で対振動性が高く且つ空気による冷却も可能な電池パックを得られる。   As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a battery pack that has a relatively low weight and volume, has high vibration resistance, and can be cooled by air.

本発明の実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池パックの製造途中工程を示す平面透視図。FIG. 3 is a perspective plan view showing a process in the middle of manufacturing the lithium ion secondary battery pack according to the embodiment of the present invention. 図1のA−A線における断面図。Sectional drawing in the AA of FIG. 本発明の実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池パックを示す分解斜視図。The disassembled perspective view which shows the lithium ion secondary battery pack of embodiment of this invention. 本発明の実施形態のリチウムイオン二次電池パックに用いられる下ケースの斜視図。The perspective view of the lower case used for the lithium ion secondary battery pack of embodiment of this invention. 従来のラミネートフィルムを外装に用いた二次電池の斜視図。The perspective view of the secondary battery which used the conventional laminate film for the exterior. ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池の組電池の部分断面図。The fragmentary sectional view of the assembled battery of a laminate type lithium ion secondary battery. ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池の組電池の平面図。The top view of the assembled battery of a laminate type lithium ion secondary battery. 従来のラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池パック内部の分解斜視図。The exploded perspective view inside the conventional lamination type lithium ion secondary battery pack. 従来の電池パックの斜視図。The perspective view of the conventional battery pack.

符号の説明Explanation of symbols

1 上ケース
2 下ケース
3 組電池
4、5、6 弾性体
7 吸気口
8 排気口
10、11、12 弾性体
13 ラミネートフィルム
14 正極タブ
15 負極タブ
16 電極積層体
17 エンボスの角部
18 稜
19 各辺の1/4〜1/3の範囲
21 空気の流路
24 発泡性充填材
29 リブ
30 組電池保護板
32 金属板
33 ボルトまたはナット
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Upper case 2 Lower case 3 Battery assembly 4, 5, 6 Elastic body 7 Intake port 8 Exhaust port 10, 11, 12 Elastic body 13 Laminated film 14 Positive electrode tab 15 Negative electrode tab 16 Electrode laminated body 17 Embossed corner 18 Edge 19 Range of 1/4 to 1/3 of each side 21 Air flow path 24 Foamable filler 29 Rib 30 Battery pack protection plate 32 Metal plate 33 Bolt or nut

Claims (7)

ラミネート型リチウムイオン二次電池からなる少なくとも一個の単電池から構成される組電池をケースに収容したリチウムイオン二次電池パックにおいて、前記組電池と前記ケース間に前記組電池の上下面を全面に亘り覆い、側面を部分的に覆う弾性体と、前記組電池の側面の角部に発泡性充填材を有し、前記ケース前記組電池の側面の中央部との間に空間を保ち、前記ケースに前記組電池を保持するリブを設けたことを特徴とするリチウムイオン二次電池パック。 In a lithium ion secondary battery pack in which an assembled battery composed of at least one single cell made of a laminate type lithium ion secondary battery is housed in a case, the upper and lower surfaces of the assembled battery are entirely disposed between the assembled battery and the case. over covering, an elastic member covering the side surfaces partially have a foam filler in the corner portion of the side surface of the battery pack, keeping the space between the central portion of the side surface of the assembled battery and the case, the A lithium ion secondary battery pack , wherein a rib for holding the assembled battery is provided in a case. 前記発泡性充填材を組電池の側面の角部において前記リブにより仕切られた各辺の1/4〜1/3の部分に接するように充填したことを特徴とする請求項1に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池パック。   2. The lithium according to claim 1, wherein the foamable filler is filled so as to be in contact with a portion of ¼ to 辺 of each side partitioned by the rib at a corner portion of a side surface of the assembled battery. Ion secondary battery pack. 前記側面を部分的に覆う弾性体を前記リブ上に設けたことを特徴とする請求項1または2に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池パック。   The lithium ion secondary battery pack according to claim 1, wherein an elastic body that partially covers the side surface is provided on the rib. 前記組電池は複数の単電池接着剤または粘着剤で固定され積層されたことを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池パック。 The battery pack is a lithium ion secondary battery pack according to claim 1, wherein a plurality of unit cells are fixed with an adhesive or pressure-sensitive adhesive laminate. 前記単電池の容量が1Ah以上18Ah以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池パック。   5. The lithium ion secondary battery pack according to claim 1, wherein the unit cell has a capacity of 1 Ah or more and 18 Ah or less. 前記ケースの一方の端部に吸気口が設けられ、前記ケースの他方の端部に排気口が設けられていることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池パック。6. The lithium ion battery according to claim 1, wherein an air inlet is provided at one end of the case, and an air outlet is provided at the other end of the case. Next battery pack. 前記リブの一部に切り欠きが設けられている請求項1〜6のいずれか1項に記載のリチウムイオン二次電池パック。The lithium ion secondary battery pack according to claim 1, wherein a notch is provided in a part of the rib.
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