JP5006330B2 - Il13に対するヒト抗体および治療的使用 - Google Patents
Il13に対するヒト抗体および治療的使用 Download PDFInfo
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Description
本発明は、特異的結合メンバー、特に、ヒト抗IL-13抗体分子およびとりわけIL-13活性を中和するものに関する。それはさらに、IL-13関連障害、例えば、喘息、アトピー性皮膚炎、アレルギー性鼻炎、線維症、炎症性腸疾患およびホジキンリンパ腫の診断または処置における抗IL-13抗体分子を使用するための方法に関する。
インターロイキン(IL)-13は、およそ12 kDaの非修飾分子量を有する114個のアミノ酸のサイトカインである[McKenzie, A. N., et al. J Immunol, 1993.150 (12): p. 5436-44、およびMinty, A., et al. Nature, 1993.362 (6417): p. 248-50.]。IL-13は、アミノ酸レベルで30%の配列類似性を共有するIL-4と最も密接に関連する。ヒトIL-13遺伝子は、IL-4遺伝子に隣接した染色体5q31に位置する。染色体5qのこの領域は、GM-CSFおよびIL-5を含む他のTh2リンパ球由来サイトカインのための遺伝子配列を含み、IL-4と共にそのレベルは、喘息患者およびアレルギー性炎症の齧歯類モデルにおいて疾患重篤度と相関することが示された[Nakamura, Y., et al. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 1996. 15 (5): p. 680-7, Robinson, D. S., et al. N Engl J Med, 1992.326 (5): p. 298-304, Walker, C., et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1994. 150 (4): p. 1038-48, Humbert, M., et al. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1996,154 (5): p. 1497-504, Corrigan, C. J. and A. B. Kay Int Arch Allergy Appl Immunol, 1991. 94 (1-4): p.270-1, Bentley, A. M., et al. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 1993.]。
本発明の態様は、抗原結合領域を有し、標的タンパク質IL-13に特異的な単離したヒトもしくはヒト化抗体またはその機能的断片およびIL-13に結合する抗体またはその機能的断片を提供する。関連する態様では、IL-13への結合は、少なくとも、炎症性メディエーター放出を妨げる、細胞表面IL-13受容体結合により決定される。
777-85, Chiaramonte, M. G., et al. Hepatology, 2001.34(2) : p. 273-82.]。
本発明は、IL-13に特異的に結合し、IL-13の機能的特性を阻害する、単離した抗体、特に、ヒト抗体に関する。ある態様では、本発明の抗体は、特定の重鎖および軽鎖配列に由来し、そして/または、例えば、特定のアミノ酸配列を含むCDR領域のような特定の構造的特徴を含む。本発明は、単離した抗体、そのような抗体を製造する方法、免疫抱合体および二重特異性分子を提供し、そのような抗体および本発明の抗体、免疫抱合体または二重特異性分子を含む医薬組成物を含む。本発明はまた、細胞受容体標的IL-13の存在に関連する障害または疾患を阻害するために、例えば、炎症性またはアレルギー性疾患、とりわけ、炎症性または閉塞性気道疾患の処置において抗体を使用する方法に関する。
本発明の抗体は、単離し、上記で構造的に特徴づけられた、実施例1-5のヒトモノクローナル抗体である。抗体のVHアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ、配列番号6-10で示す。抗体のVLアミノ酸配列は、それぞれ、配列番号16-22で示す。本発明の他の抗体は、突然変異したアミノ酸を含み、また上記の配列に記載したCDR領域と、CDR領域で少なくとも60、70、80、90または95%同一性を有する。
また他の態様では、本発明の抗体は、本明細書に記載した抗体のアミノ酸配列に相同なアミノ酸配列を有する重鎖および軽鎖可変領域を有し、ここで、該抗体は、本発明の抗IL-13抗体の望む機能的特性を保持する。
ある態様では、本発明の抗体は、CDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3配列からなる重鎖可変領域ならびにCDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3配列からなる軽鎖可変領域を有し、ここで、これらのCDR配列の1個またはそれ以上が、本明細書に記載の抗体またはその保存的修飾に基づく特定のアミノ酸配列を有し、そしてここで、該抗体は、本発明の抗IL-13抗体の望む機能的特性を保持する。したがって、本発明は、CDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3配列からなる重鎖可変領域ならびにCDR1、CDR2、およびCDR3配列からなる軽鎖可変領域からなる単離したモノクローナル抗体、またはその抗原結合部分を提供し、ここで:CDR1の重鎖可変領域は、配列番号6-7のアミノ酸配列からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列からなる配列、およびその保存的修飾であり; CDR2の重鎖可変領域は、配列番号8のアミノ酸配列からなる配列、およびその保存的修飾であり; CDR3の重鎖可変領域は、配列番号9-10のアミノ酸配列からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列からなる配列、およびその保存的修飾であり; CDR1の軽鎖可変領域は、配列番号16-18のアミノ酸配列からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列からなる配列、およびその保存的修飾であり; CDR2の軽鎖可変領域は、配列番号19のアミノ酸配列からなる配列、およびその保存的修飾であり; CDR3の軽鎖可変領域は、配列番号20-22のアミノ酸配列からなる群から選択されるアミノ酸配列からなる配列、およびその保存的修飾であり;抗体は、IL-13に特異的に結合し;そして抗体は、IL-13受容体結合を阻害し、炎症性メディエーター放出を妨げる。
他の態様では、本発明は、本明細書で提供した本発明の様々な抗IL-13抗体が結合するのと同じエピトープに結合する抗体を提供する。そのようなさらなる抗体は、標準的なIL-13結合アッセイで本発明の他の抗体とそれらの交差競合する(cross-compete)(例えば、統計的に有意な方法で、競合的に結合を阻害する)能力に基づいて同定し得る。ヒトIL-13への本発明の抗体の結合を阻害する試験抗体の能力は、試験抗体が、ヒトIL-13への結合に関して該抗体と競合し得る;例えば、抗体は、非限定的な見解にしたがって、同じであるか、または関連する(例えば、構造的に類似しているか、または空間的に近接している)ヒトIL-13上のエピトープに、それが競合する抗体として結合し得ることを証明する。ある態様では、本発明の抗体とヒトIL-13上の同じエピトープに結合する抗体は、ヒトモノクローナル抗体である。そのようなヒトモノクローナル抗体は、実施例に記載したとおり、製造し、単離し得る。
本発明の抗体はさらに、修飾抗体を設計するために、出発物質として、本明細書に示した1個またはそれ以上のVHおよび/またはVL配列を有する抗体を用いて製造し得て、その修飾抗体は、出発抗体からの変えられた特性を有し得る。抗体は、1個または両方の可変領域(すなわち、VHおよび/またはVL)内の、例えば、1個またはそれ以上のCDR領域内のまたは1個またはそれ以上のフレームワーク内の、1個またはそれ以上の残基を修飾することにより設計し得る。さらにまたはあるいは、抗体は、定常領域(複数もある)内の残基を修飾することにより設計し得て、例えば、抗体のエフェクター機能(複数もある)を変える。
を製造し得る。そのような変えられたグリコシル化パターンは、抗体のADCC能力を増加させることが証明されている。そのような糖鎖修飾は、例えば、変えられたグリコシル化機構を有する宿主細胞で、抗体を発現させることにより達成し得る。変えられたグリコシル化機構を有する細胞は、当分野で記載されていて、本発明の組み換え抗体を発現させる宿主細胞として使用し得て、それにより、変えられたグリコシル化を有する抗体を産生する。例えば、Hang et al.によるEP 1,176,195は、機能的に破壊されたフコシルトランスフェラーゼをコードするFUT8遺伝子を有する細胞株を記載していて、その結果、そのような細胞株で発現した抗体は、低フコシル化を示す。PrestaによるPCT公開WO 03/035835は、Asn(297)結合糖鎖にフコースが結合する減少した能力を有する変異型CHO細胞株、Lecl3細胞を記載していて、それはまた、宿主細胞で発現する抗体の低フコース化を生じる(また、Shields, R.L. et al., 2002 J. Biol. Chem. 277:26733-26740を参照のこと)。Umana et al.のPCT公開WO 99/54342は、糖タンパク質修飾グリコシルトランスフェラーゼ(例えば、ベータ(1,4)-NアセチルグルコサミニルトランスフェラーゼIII (GnTIII))を発現するように改変した細胞株を記載していて、その結果、改変細胞株で発現した抗体は、抗体の増加したADCC活性を生じる、増加した交差GlcNac構造を示す(また、Umana et al., 1999 Nat. Biotech. 17:176-180を参照のこと)。
上記に記載したとおり、本明細書で示されたVHおよびVL配列を有する抗IL-13抗体は、VHおよび/またはVL配列、またはそれに結合した定常領域(複数もある)を修飾することにより、新規抗IL-13抗体を作製し得る。したがって、本発明の他の局面では、本発明の抗IL-13抗体の構造的特徴を、少なくとも1個の本発明の抗体の機能的特性、例えば、ヒトIL-13に結合し、また、IL-13の1個またはそれ以上の機能的特性を阻害する(例えば、受容体結合、メディエーター放出の阻害)機能的特性を保持する、構造的に関連した抗IL-13抗体を作製するために使用する。
。
本発明のほかの局面は、本発明の抗体をコードする核酸分子に関する。核酸は、全細胞中、もしくは細胞ライセート中に存在し得るか、または特に精製されたもしくは実質的に純粋な形態の核酸であり得る。核酸は、他の細胞コンポーネントまたは他の混入物質、例えば、他の細胞核酸またはタンパク質から、アルカリ/SDS処理、CsClバンディング、カラムクロマトグラフィー、アガロースゲル電気泳動および当分野で既知の他の技術を含む標準的な技術により、分離して精製するとき、“単離され”または“実質的に純粋”である。F. Ausubel, et al., ed. 1987 Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Greene Publishing and Wiley Interscience, New Yorkを参照のこと。本発明の核酸は、例えば、DNAもしくはRNAであり得て、イントロン配列を含むか、または含み得ない。ある態様では、核酸はcDNA分子である。核酸は、ベクター、例えば、ファージディスプレイベクター中、または組み換えプラスミドベクター中に存在し得る。
モノクローナル抗体(mAb)は、慣用的なモノクローナル抗体方法論、例えば、Kohler and Milstein, 1975 Nature 256: 495の標準的な体細胞ハイブリダイゼーション技術を含む、様々な技術により産生し得る。モノクローナル抗体を産生するための多くの技術、例えば、ウイルスまたはBリンパ球の発癌性形質転換を使用し得る。
Pan DR Tヘルパーエピトープ(PADRE)に結合した精製組み換えヒト(hr)IL-13を、抗原として使用した。IL-13に対する完全なヒトモノクローナル抗体を、ヒト抗体遺伝子を発現するHuMabトランスジェニックマウスのHCo7株を用いて製造する。このマウス株では、内在性マウスカッパ軽鎖遺伝子を、Chen et al., 1993 EMBO J.12:811-820に記載されたとおり、ホモ接合的に破壊し得て、内在性マウス重鎖遺伝子を、PCT公開WO 01109187の実施例1に記載されたホモ接合的に破壊し得る。このマウス株は、Fishwild et al., 1996 Nature Biotechnology 14:845-851に記載されたとおりのヒトカッパ軽鎖トランスジーン、KCo5および米国特許第5,545,806号; 第5,625,825号;および第5,545,807号に記載されたとおりのHCo7ヒト重鎖トランスジーンを有する。
本発明の抗体はまた、例えば、当分野で既知であるような組み換えDNA技術および遺伝子トランスフェクション法の組合せを用いて、宿主細胞形質転換体で産生し得る(例えば、Morrison, S. (1985) Science 229:1202)。
他の局面では、本発明は、治療部分に結合する抗IL-13抗体、またはその断片、例えば、細胞毒素、薬剤(例えば、免疫抑制剤)または放射性毒素を特徴とする。そのような抱合体は、本明細書では、“免疫抱合体”と言う。1個またはそれ以上の細胞毒素を含む免疫抱合体は、“抗毒素”と言う。細胞毒素または細胞毒性薬は、細胞に有害な(例えば、殺傷)すべての薬剤を含む。例えば、タキソン、サイトカラシンB、グラミシジンD、エチジウムブロマイド、エメチン、マイトマイシン、エトポシド、テノポシド、ビンクリスチン、ビンブラスチン、t.コルヒチン、ドキソルビシン、ダウノルビシン、ジヒドロキシアントラシスジオン、ミトキサントロン、ミトラマイシン、アクチノマイシンD、1-ジヒドロテストステロン、グルココルチコイド、プロカイン、テトラカイン、リドカイン、プロプラノール、およびピューロマイシンならびにその類似体もしくはホモログを含む。治療剤はまた、例えば、代謝拮抗剤(例えば、メトトレキサート、6-メルカプトプリン、6-チオグアニン、シタラビン、5-フルオロウラシルデカルバジン)、融除剤(例えば、メクロレタミン、チオエパクロラムブシル、メイファラン、カルムスチン(BSNU)およびロムスチン(CCNU)、シクロホスファミド、ブスルファン、ジブロモマンニトール、ストレプトゾトシン、マイトマイシンC、およびシス-ジクロロジアミン白金(II) (DDP) シスプラチン、アントラサイクリン(例えば、ダウノルビシン(もともとは、ダウノマイシン)およびドキソルビシン)、抗生物質(例えば、ダクチノマイシン(もともとは、アクチノマイシン)、ブレオマイシン、ミトラマイシン、およびアントラマイシン(AMC))、ならびに抗増殖剤(例えば、ビンクリスチンおよびビンブラスチン)を含む。
他の局面では、本発明は、本発明の抗IL-13抗体、またはその断片を含む二重特異性分子を特徴とする。本発明の抗体、またはその抗原結合タンパク質は、少なくとも2個の異なる結合部位または標的分子に結合する二重特異性分子を作製するために、他の機能的分子、例えば、他のペプチドまたはタンパク質(例えば、受容体のための他の抗体またはリガンド)に誘導体化されるか、または結合し得る。本発明の抗体は、実際に、2個以上の異なる結合部位および/または標的分子に結合する多特異的分子を作製するために、2個以上の他の機能的分子に誘導体化されるか、または結合し得て;そのような多特異的分子はまた、本明細書で使用する“二重特異性分子”なる用語により包含されることを意図する。本発明の二重特異性分子を作製するために、本発明の抗体は、1個またはそれ以上の他の結合分子、例えば、他の抗体、抗体断片、ペプチドまたはペプチド模倣剤に、機能的に結合し得て(例えば、化学結合、遺伝的融合、非共有結合性会合または他のものにより)、その結果、二重特異性分子が生じる。
他の局面では、本発明は、組成物、例えば、薬学的に許容される担体と共に製剤し得る、モノクローナル抗体、もしくはその抗原結合部分(複数もある)の1個または組み合わせを含む、医薬組成物を提供する。そのような組成物は、本発明の(例えば、2個またはそれ以上の異なる)抗体、もしくは免疫抱合体もしくは二重特異性分子の1個または組み合わせを含み得る。例えば、本発明の医薬組成物は、標的抗原上の異なるエピトープに結合するか、または相補活性を有する抗体(もしくは免疫抱合体もしくは二重特異性分子)の組み合わせを含み得る。
本発明の抗体(および免疫抱合体および二重特異性分子)は、インビトロおよびインビボでの診断的および治療的利用を有する。例えば、これらの分子は、様々な障害の処置、予防また診断のために、培養中の細胞に、例えば、インビトロまたはインビボで、または対象に、例えば、インビボで、投与し得る。本明細書で使用するとき“対象”なる用語は、ヒトおよび非ヒト動物を含むことを意図する。非ヒト動物は、あらゆる脊椎動物、例えば、ほ乳類および非ほ乳類、例えば、非ヒト霊長類、ヒツジ、イヌ、ネコ、ウシ、ウマ、ニワトリ、両生類、およびは虫類を含む。該方法は、特に、異常なIL-13発現と関連する障害を有するヒト患者を処置するために適当である。IL-13に対する抗体は、他の薬剤と一緒に投与されるとき、該2つの薬剤は、順にまたは同時に投与し得る。
実施例1: 免疫脾臓ライブラリーからのヒトIL-13特異的抗体の産生
脾臓からのRNAを、米国特許第6,794,132号に記載されたとおり、Fabファージディスプレイベクター中に、無秩序に詰められたH鎖およびL鎖可変ドメインのファージディスプレイライブラリーを産生するために使用した。ファージディスプレイライブラリーは、特許明細書に記載されたとおり、溶液相平衡結合プロトコールで、ビオチン化hrIL-13を用いて、5回の選択を受けた。最初の4回の選択は、10-8 MのhrIL-13を使用し、最後の回の選択は、10-9 MのhrIL-13を使用した。抗原の存在下で回収されたpfu/抗原の非存在下で回収されたpfuを計算することにより決定される最終のシグナル対ノイズは、このライブラリーに関しては、37であり、これは、選択したファージの90%以上が、hrIL-13に結合する抗体を発現したことを示している。次いで、ファージライブラリーを、米国特許第6,794,132号に記載されたとおり、可溶性Fabの発現のためにプラスミドベクター中にサブクローン化する。E. coli中にプラスミドベクターを含むライブラリーを、サブクローン化する(各プラスミドは、モノクローナルFab断片をコードする)。サブクローンライブラリーをプレートし、個々のクローンを表すコロニーを選択し、96ウェルプレートに接種した。一晩増殖後、プレート培養を、96ウェルプレートでのクローンのための凍結細胞バンクを達成し、レプリカ96ウェルプレートに播種するために使用し、モノクローナル抗体の発現を誘導した。次の日、これらの96ウェルプレート培養を、界面活性剤抽出および精製にかけ、マイクログラム量の抗体を回収した。精製した抗体は、エンドトキシンを除去するように処理し、末端を、滅菌ろ過した。ELISAアッセイは、アビジンプレート上にコートしたビオチン化rhIL-13を用いて行い、機能的にポジティブを含むウェルを同定した。抗体の定常領域を標的とするサンドウィッチアッセイは、異なるウェルでの抗体濃度を決定するために使用した。抗体を含む96ウェルプレートおよびアッセイデータを、生物学的活性に関して評価した。96ウェル凍結細胞バンクでの関心のあるクローンを、次いで、独特の抗体を発現する細胞を同定するために配列決定した。その後、これらの独特のクローンの凍結細胞バンクを、小規模振盪フラスコ培養に播種し、一晩増殖させるために使用した。大規模フラスコを、一晩培養を用いて播種し、次いで、抗体を発現するように誘導した。次の日、フラスコ培養を、機械的にホモジナイズし、精製し、ミリグラム量の抗体を生じた。精製したFabは、エンドトキシン除去のために加工し、末端滅菌ろ過を受けた。これらの抗体の機能的活性は、アビジンプレート上にコートしたビオチン化rhIL-13を用いて、ELISAにより証明した。抗体濃度は、280 nmでの吸光度測定により決定した。精製したFabは、細胞に基づくアッセイで、インビトロ結合および活性に関して評価した。
抗IL-13 FabといくつかのhrIL-13の相互作用を定量化する表面プラズモン共鳴測定を、最適バイオセンサー、BIAcore 2000を用いて行う。BIAcoreに固定化された各IL-13 FabへのIL-13の特異的結合は、受容体における下記のリガンドの蓄積により測定し得る。顕微的結合(microscopic association) (kon)および解離速度(koff)は、チップ上の大量蓄積速度(mass accumulation rates)から、直接取得し得て、応答単位(RUs)で発現する。抗IL-13 Fabを、二次抗ヒトLκ抗体(Jackson Immunochemicals)により、チップ表面上に固定化する。この捕捉抗体を、製造者のプロトコールで推薦されたとおり、‘アミンカップリングキット’(BIAcore, Cat.No. BR-1000-50)を用いて、共有的に結合させた。250 μlの各種hrIL-13濃度を、20 μl/分の流速で注入し、動態トレースを記録した。チップ表面は、100 mM HClを用いた2回の酸洗浄工程で再生し、20 μl/分の流速で10 μlを注入した。この処理は、可逆的酸変性によるFab IL-13複合体の解離を生じた。抗体を、次のランのために再注入したとき、結合活性の重大な欠損は、観察されなかった。動態トレースは、1:1 Langmuir結合モデルを適用するBIAcoreソフトウェアで評価した。
抗体DNA配列決定鋳型は、QIAprepミニプレップ(Qiagen Inc.)を用いて、3 mlの培養から精製した。鋳型は、Applied Biosystems 3100 Avant Genetic Analyzerを用いて、製造者の指示に従い、配列決定した。選択したクローンの重鎖およびカッパ鎖可変領域は、別々に、配列決定鋳型からPCRにより増幅し、アガロースゲル電気泳動により精製し、そしてゲルから切り出し精製した。VHおよびVLをコードするプラスミドを、ヒトカッパ軽鎖およびヒトIgG1重鎖に関して、発現カセットにクローン化した。Sp2/0親細胞株を、2個のベクターでトランスフェクトした(軽鎖ベクターに関して1個、重鎖ベクターに関して1個)。トランスフェクト細胞は、それぞれ、G418およびメトトレキサートを用いて選択および増幅し、耐性の出現を生じ、増幅した細胞プールは、5mg/Lから30mg/Lの範囲の力価を有する抗体を産生する。次いで、希釈クローニングを使用し、6個の96ウェルプレートから127個の生存クローンの単離を生じる。生じた細胞株を、次いで、fed-batchシェーカーフォーマットで、生産性に関して試験した。発現コンストラクトの安定した統合および強固な生成物の発現を確認するための安定性試験を、また、90日の間行った。ノーザンブロットは、等しいバンド強度を有する単一完全長RNAを示し、これは、重鎖および軽鎖の両方に関して、類似した発現レベルを示す。
IL-13は、ヒト肺繊維芽細胞からのエオタキシン放出の有力なインデューサーである。IL-13の生物活性を中和する抗体の能力を、ヒト肺繊維芽細胞を用いて、IL-13誘導エオタキシン放出アッセイで評価した。簡潔には、細胞を、96ウェル組織培養プレートの各ウェルにプレートした(100μlの容量で、ウェルあたり2 x 104細胞)。細胞を、最大エオタキシン放出の80%を与えるIL-13の濃度で刺激し、0-100ng/ml IL-13の標準曲線を用いて、細胞の各バッチに関して前決定した。抗体の各種濃度を、細胞に共適用した。細胞を、24時間、37℃、5% CO2でインキュベートできるようにし、培養培地を収集し、必要とされるまで-20℃で保存した。培地中のエオタキシンレベルを、特異的ELISA (R&D systems)により測定し、そこでは、アッセイの感度は、15-1000 pg/mlの間であった。
すべての抗体の重鎖および軽鎖可変領域(VHおよびVL)のヌクレオチド配列を決定した。相補性決定領域(CDR)のアミノ酸配列は、本明細書の表3および4に記載する。Kabat定義(E. Kabat et al, 1991, Sequences of Proteins of Immunological Interest, 5th edition, Public Health Service, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, MD)に従うCDRは、表3aおよび4aに記載する。
Claims (7)
- H-CDR1、H-CDR2およびH-CDR3ならびにL-CDR1、L-CDR2およびL-CDR3領域が、
順に配列番号7、配列番号8、配列番号10、および配列番号17、配列番号19、配列番号21
である、抗原結合領域を含む単離されたヒトまたはヒト化IL13抗体。 - 配列番号31に記載のHC可変領域および配列番号33に記載のLC可変領域を含む、請求項1に記載の抗体。
- 配列番号39に記載の軽鎖および配列番号41に記載の重鎖を含む、請求項2に記載の抗体。
- IgG1またはIgG4である、請求項1-2のいずれか1項に記載の抗体。
- 請求項1-4のいずれか1項に記載の抗体およびその薬学的に許容される担体または賦形剤を含む、医薬組成物。
- 細胞受容体標的IL-13の存在と関連する障害または状態を処置するための、請求項5に記載の医薬組成物。
- 障害または状態が、喘息である、請求項6に記載の医薬組成物。
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