JP4881820B2 - Absorption refrigerator - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to an absorber main body provided with an introduction path for introducing refrigerant vapor connected to an evaporator on a lateral side surface, and an absorbing liquid spraying means provided on the upper part of the absorber main body for spraying the absorbing liquid as droplets. And an absorption refrigerator including a supercooler for supercooling the absorbent before being supplied to the absorbent spraying means.

As an absorber of an absorption refrigerator, a so-called cooling type absorber is known in which a cooling means is provided in the absorber body, and the absorbing liquid whose temperature has risen due to heat generated during absorption of refrigerant vapor in the absorber is cooled. ing.
However, since the structure is complicated and a dedicated heat exchanger is incorporated in the absorber body, there is a disadvantage that it is expensive.

In order to avoid such inconvenience, a so-called adiabatic absorber that can use an air heat exchanger used for a general-purpose heat exchanger or a packaged air conditioner as a subcooler is advantageous. Something like that is known.
That is, the evaporator is integrated into the cylindrical heat transfer body of the air-cooled absorber, and the lithium bromide concentrated solution from the regenerator is introduced into the upper space side solution spray tray, and the solution spray tray An air-cooled absorption liquid cooler having a cross-fin heat exchanger structure is used to cause the lithium bromide dilute solution after the refrigerant vapor absorption from the lower side liquid reservoir to flow down to the inner wall surface of the heat transfer body in a liquid film state by a solution pump. After being introduced into the spray nozzle through the intervening absorption liquid circulation path (diluted solution circulation path), it is sprayed on the inner wall surface of the upper space side of the heat transfer body in a mist form and gently flows downward from above. It evaporates with an evaporator and absorbs the refrigerant vapor diffused and supplied through an eliminator (see Patent Document 1).
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-122585

However, in the case where the refrigerant vapor is absorbed by the absorbing liquid flowing down the upper space side inner wall surface of the heat transfer body as described above, the portion in contact with the upper space side inner wall surface of the heat transfer body becomes the refrigerant vapor. There was a drawback that the refrigerant vapor absorption performance was low without contact.
Therefore, there is a configuration in which the absorbing liquid is sprayed from the upper part of the absorber body in the form of droplets, but there are the following problems.
In order to increase the contact area with the refrigerant vapor, it is preferable to disperse the absorbing liquid as fine droplets. However, when the droplets are densely dispersed, the flow of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the evaporator is hindered, and the refrigerant On the downstream side in the steam flow direction, it does not come into contact with the absorbing liquid, and the absorption performance decreases. On the other hand, when the droplets are sparsely distributed, the area of the absorber body in the horizontal direction has to be increased, and there is a problem of increasing the size.

  This invention is made | formed in view of such a situation, Comprising: The invention which concerns on Claim 1, 2, and 3 arrange | positions an absorption-liquid dispersion | distribution hole rationally, and enlarges a dispersion | spreading hole formation member. In order to improve the absorption performance by increasing the contact area with the liquid droplets without hindering the flow of the refrigerant vapor, the invention according to claim 4 provides a fine liquid from the absorption liquid spray hole. An object of the present invention is to make it possible to disperse with droplets, and an object of the invention according to claim 5 is to be able to disperse with fine droplets from an absorbing solution dispersal hole with simple manufacture and low cost.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention according to claim 1
An absorber body provided with an introduction path for introducing refrigerant vapor connected to the evaporator on a lateral side surface, an absorbing liquid spraying means provided on an upper part of the absorber body for spraying an absorbing liquid as droplets, and the absorption In an absorption refrigerator having a supercooler for supercooling the absorption liquid before being supplied to the liquid spraying means,
The absorbent spraying means,
Absorbing liquid spray holes for dispersing liquid droplets of absorbing liquid are distributed and configured,
In addition, an interval in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the introduction passage through the absorption liquid spray hole is smaller than an interval at a location closest to the introduction passage in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. In addition to being spaced apart, the refrigerant vapor is distributed so that the downstream side is more densely distributed than the upstream side in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the introduction path.

(Action / Effect)
According to the configuration of the absorption refrigerator of the invention according to claim 1, the refrigerant vapor is caused to flow through the droplets dispersed from the absorbing liquid spraying holes distributed in a state sparser than the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. The refrigerant is absorbed in the absorbing liquid by contacting the droplets distributed from the absorbing liquid spray holes distributed in a dense state along the flow direction of the refrigerant, and the denser the state is as it becomes downstream in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. The liquid droplets sprayed from the absorbing liquid spraying holes distributed in (1) can cause the refrigerant vapor to contact the liquid droplets while suppressing the passage of the flowing refrigerant vapor, and the refrigerant can be absorbed by the absorbing liquid.
Therefore, it is reasonable to distribute the absorbing liquid spray holes so that they are dense in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor, sparse in the horizontal direction perpendicular thereto, and further, the downstream side in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor is denser than the upstream side. This arrangement makes it possible to improve the absorption performance by increasing the contact area with the liquid droplets without hindering the flow of the refrigerant vapor, and also absorbs the refrigerant by sufficiently preventing the refrigerant vapor from passing through and contacting the liquid droplets. The amount absorbed into the liquid can be increased.
In addition, for example, it is dense in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor, sparse in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the flow direction, and more uniform in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. The area can be reduced, the sprinkling hole forming member does not need to be enlarged, and the airframe can be downsized.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention according to claim 2
The absorption refrigerator according to claim 1,
The dispersion state of the absorption liquid spray holes in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the introduction path is configured to be proportionally dense.

(Action / Effect)
According to the configuration of the absorption refrigerator of the invention according to claim 2, the refrigerant is suppressed while passing the flowing refrigerant vapor through the droplets from the absorption liquid spraying holes distributed so as to be proportionally dense. Steam can be contacted and the refrigerant can be absorbed by the absorbent.
Therefore, it is possible to improve the absorption performance by increasing the contact area with the liquid droplets without hindering the flow of the refrigerant vapor, and to suppress the passage of the refrigerant vapor and sufficiently contact the liquid droplets to the refrigerant absorption liquid. Absorption can be increased.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention according to claim 3
The absorption refrigerator according to claim 1,
The dispersion state of the absorbing liquid spraying holes in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the introduction path is configured so as to become dense stepwise.

(Action / Effect)
According to the configuration of the absorption refrigerator of the invention according to claim 3, the refrigerant is suppressed while passing the flowing refrigerant vapor through the droplets from the absorbing liquid spraying holes distributed so as to be dense in stages. Steam can be contacted and the refrigerant can be absorbed by the absorbent.
Therefore, it is possible to improve the absorption performance by increasing the contact area with the liquid droplets without hindering the flow of the refrigerant vapor, and to suppress the passage of the refrigerant vapor and sufficiently contact the liquid droplets to the refrigerant absorption liquid. Absorption can be increased.
And since it distributes so that it may become dense in steps, it has an advantage which is easy to form an absorption liquid dispersion | spreading hole.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention according to claim 4
In the absorption refrigerator according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3,
The absorbing liquid spraying means is configured by dispersing and arranging the absorbing liquid spraying holes on the bottom surface of the tray for receiving the absorbing liquid droplets, and from the bottom upper surface of the tray to the lower end of the absorbing liquid spraying hole. The length is configured to be 1.3 times or more the opening diameter of the absorbing liquid spray hole.

(Action / Effect)
In addition to the absorption liquid in the tray, there is a head difference of 1.3 times or more of the opening diameter in the absorption liquid spray hole, so that the weight of that part adds droplets at the lower end of the absorption liquid spray hole. The time until it leaves can be shortened, and it can be dropped with fine droplets, the surface area of the droplets can be increased, the surface area in contact with the refrigerant vapor can be increased, and the absorption performance can be improved.

In order to achieve the above-described object, the invention according to claim 5
In the absorption refrigerator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4,
The absorbing liquid spray hole is formed by burring so that the lower end of the hole protrudes from the bottom lower surface of the tray.

(Action / Effect)
According to the configuration of the absorption refrigerator of the invention according to claim 5, since the absorbing liquid spraying hole is formed by burring, a tray having the absorbing liquid spraying hole can be manufactured at low cost. Moreover, the lower end of the absorbing liquid spraying hole protrudes from the bottom bottom surface of the tray, the thickness of the peripheral edge of the lower end of the hole can be reduced, and the droplets can be easily separated from the peripheral edge of the hole as compared with the case where the hole is formed in the flat plate It can be dropped with fine droplets, the surface area of the droplets can be increased, the surface area in contact with the refrigerant vapor can be increased, and the absorption performance can be improved.

As is clear from the above description, according to the configuration of the absorption refrigerator of the invention according to claim 1, the droplets sprayed from the absorbing liquid spray holes distributed in a sparser state than the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. The refrigerant vapor is caused to flow through, and the refrigerant is absorbed in the absorbing liquid by contacting the droplets dispersed from the absorbing liquid spray holes distributed in a dense state along the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor, and the flow of the refrigerant vapor The liquid droplets sprayed from the absorbing liquid spray holes distributed more densely toward the downstream side in the direction of the liquid absorb the refrigerant by bringing the refrigerant vapor into contact with the liquid droplets while suppressing passage of the flowing refrigerant vapor. Can be absorbed.
Therefore, it is reasonable to distribute the absorbing liquid spray holes so that they are dense in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor, sparse in the horizontal direction perpendicular thereto, and further, the downstream side in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor is denser than the upstream side. This arrangement makes it possible to improve the absorption performance by increasing the contact area with the liquid droplets without hindering the flow of the refrigerant vapor, and also absorbs the refrigerant by sufficiently preventing the refrigerant vapor from passing through and contacting the liquid droplets. The amount absorbed into the liquid can be increased.
In addition, for example, it is dense in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor, sparse in the horizontal direction perpendicular to the flow direction, and more uniform in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. The area can be reduced, the sprinkling hole forming member does not need to be enlarged, and the airframe can be downsized.

  Next, embodiments of the present invention will be described in detail with reference to the drawings.

  FIG. 1 is an overall schematic configuration diagram showing an embodiment 1 of an absorption refrigerator according to the present invention, and exhaust heat (engine cooling water) from an engine cooling unit of a gas engine (not shown) is supplied as a heating medium. The regenerator 1 contains a lithium bromide aqueous solution (absorbing liquid) that can be boiled by engine cooling water (for example, a temperature of 85 ° C.) under a low pressure, using water as a refrigerant and lithium bromide as an absorbent. .

  A condenser 2 is connected to the regenerator 1 through a first pipe 3 so as to supply refrigerant vapor separated from the absorbent, and the absorber 5 is connected to the regenerator 1 through a second pipe 4. Is connected to the condenser 2 via the third pipe 6, and the absorber 5 and the evaporator 7 communicate with each other via an eliminator 8 that forms a refrigerant vapor introduction path. The absorption refrigerator is connected and configured.

  The condenser 2 includes a heat exchange pipe 9 with fins through which refrigerant vapor from the regenerator 1 flows, a fan 10 that supplies outside air to the heat exchange pipe 9, and a liquid reservoir 11. The refrigerant liquid is condensed by air cooling, the liquefied refrigerant liquid is stored in the liquid reservoir 11, and the liquefied refrigerant liquid is supplied to the evaporator 7.

The evaporator 7 includes a refrigerant liquid reservoir 13 provided with a spray nozzle 12 and a dispersion plate 14 for dispersing the refrigerant liquid flowing down from the refrigerant liquid reservoir 13.
A circulation pipe 17 including a refrigerant pump 15 and a cold heat extraction heat exchanger 16 is connected to the lower portion of the evaporator 7 and the liquid reservoir portion 13.
A refrigerant inlet pipe 18 and a refrigerant outlet pipe 19 for a gas heat pump are connected to the heat exchanger 16 for extracting cold heat, and the refrigerant liquid is evaporated and cooled along with absorption of the refrigerant by the absorbing liquid in the absorber 5, and the cooling refrigerant The refrigerant for the gas heat pump is cooled by the liquid.

  The absorber 5 includes an absorbing liquid spraying means 21 on an upper part of an absorber body 20 that is integrated with the evaporator 7. As shown in the plan view of the tray of FIG. 2 and the partially omitted cross-sectional side view of FIG. 3 (partially omitted sectional view taken along the line AA in FIG. 2), the absorbent spraying means 21 is the bottom surface of the tray 22. The absorbent solution spraying holes 23 are arranged in a distributed manner.

The tray 22 is filled with uneven filling material 25 in three steps and alternately in the uneven direction via a support member 24 as a spacer at the bottom. In the filler 25, through holes 26 are dispersedly formed at the bottom of the recess.
A spray nozzle 27 is provided above the filler 25, and the spray nozzle 27 and the lower part of the absorber 5 are connected via a fourth pipe 30 having an absorption liquid pump 28 and a supercooler 29 interposed therebetween. The refrigerant is supercooled while circulating the absorption liquid, the amount of refrigerant absorbed by the absorption liquid is increased, and the absorption liquid is sprayed on the filler 25 to increase the liquid depth in the tray 22 in the horizontal direction. The absorbing liquid is supplied after being dispersed, and the liquid can be dropped from the absorbing liquid spraying hole 23 in a droplet state. Reference numeral 29 a denotes a fan of the subcooler 29.

In the tray 22, the interval between the absorbing liquid spray holes 23 in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the eliminator 8 is smaller than the interval between the locations closest to the eliminator 8 in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. In addition to being spaced apart, they are distributed and distributed so that the downstream side is proportionally denser than the upstream side in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the eliminator 8.
As a result, the contact area with the droplets can be increased without impeding the flow of the refrigerant vapor and the absorption performance can be improved, and the refrigerant vapor can be suppressed and sufficiently brought into contact with the droplets to be absorbed into the refrigerant. It is comprised so that the amount of absorption of can be increased.

As shown in the enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part in FIG. 4, each of the absorbing liquid spray holes 23 is formed in a state where the lower end of the hole protrudes from the bottom lower surface of the tray 22 by burring.
Further, the length T from the upper surface of the bottom of the tray 22 to the lower end of the absorbing liquid spraying hole 23 is configured to be 1.3 times or more the opening diameter D of the absorbing liquid spraying hole 23.
The result of making the one with the ratio T / D of the length T and the opening diameter D changed to 1.0, 1.1, 1.2, 1.3, 1.4, 1.5 and observing it visually. When T / D is 1.3 or more, it is found that fine liquid droplets can be sprayed and supplied from the absorbing liquid spray hole 23. Based on this result, as described above, the absorbing liquid spray hole 23 is formed so that T / D is 1.3 or more.

Thereby, in addition to the absorbing liquid in the tray 22, a head difference of 1.3 times or more of the opening diameter is provided in the absorbing liquid spraying hole 23, and the weight of that portion is added to the lower end of the absorbing liquid spraying hole 23. The time until a liquid droplet is formed and separated can be shortened, the liquid droplet can be dropped with a fine liquid droplet, the surface area of the liquid droplet can be increased, the surface area in contact with the refrigerant vapor can be increased, and the absorption performance can be improved.
Moreover, the lower end of the absorbing liquid spraying hole 23 protrudes from the bottom surface of the bottom of the tray 22 by burring so that the thickness of the peripheral edge of the lower end of the hole can be reduced, and the liquid droplet can be easily separated from the peripheral edge of the hole. The absorption performance can be further improved.

  A fifth pipe 31 is connected across the portion of the fourth pipe 30 between the absorbent pump 28 and the subcooler 29 and the regenerator 1. A part of the fourth pipe 30 and the fifth pipe 31 constitute the second pipe 4. The lower part of the regenerator 1 and the absorber 5 are connected via a sixth pipe 32, and a heat exchanger 33 is provided between the sixth pipe 32 and the fifth pipe 31. The absorption liquid to be returned is heated by the absorption liquid flowing from the regenerator 1 to the absorber 5.

  In the regenerator 1, a plate 35 having a heat transfer surface in the vertical direction as a heat transfer member having an outer surface formed as a heat transfer surface is provided in the regenerator main body 34 in parallel in the horizontal direction, and engine cooling is performed below the plate 35. A heating medium supply pipe 36 for supplying the subsequent engine cooling water into the plate 35 is connected. On the other hand, an engine cooling water cooled by heat exchange with the absorbing liquid is taken out from the plate 35 to the upper part of the plate 35. The tube 37 is connected.

FIG. 5 is a plan view of a tray showing the second embodiment of the absorption refrigerator according to the present invention. The difference from the first embodiment is as follows.
That is, in the tray 22, the interval between the absorption liquid spray holes 23 in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the eliminator 8 is greater than the interval between the locations closest to the eliminator 8 in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. In the direction of the flow of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the eliminator 8 and distributed so that the downstream side is more densely distributed in the downstream side than the upstream side, thereby inhibiting the flow of the refrigerant vapor. The absorption area can be improved by increasing the contact area with the droplets, and the amount of refrigerant absorbed into the absorption liquid can be increased by suppressing the passage of the refrigerant vapor and sufficiently contacting the droplets. ing. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of the main part of the tray showing the third embodiment of the absorption refrigerator according to the present invention. The differences from the first embodiment are as follows.
That is, the thickness of the tray 22 is equal to the length T from the bottom upper surface to the lower end of the absorbing liquid spraying hole 23, and the length T is 1.3 times or more the opening diameter D of the absorbing liquid spraying hole 23. It is comprised so that it may become. Other configurations are the same as those of the first embodiment, and the same reference numerals are given, and descriptions thereof are omitted.

In the above embodiment, the absorbing liquid spraying means 21 is constituted by the tray 22 and the absorbing liquid spraying hole 23, and further, the filler 22 is provided in the tray 22, so that the liquid can be stored even if the amount of the absorbing liquid in the tray 22 is small Although the depth is increased, the present invention may be one without the filler 25.
Further, as the absorbing liquid spraying means 21, a branched pipe in which absorbing liquid spraying holes are formed so as to become denser in a proportional or stepwise manner toward the downstream side of the refrigerant vapor is orthogonal to the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. It may be configured to be arranged at sparse intervals in the horizontal direction.

It is a whole schematic block diagram which shows Example 1 of the absorption refrigerator which concerns on this invention. FIG. 3 is a plan view of the tray of Example 1. FIG. 3 is an enlarged cross-sectional view taken along line AA in FIG. 2. 2 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of Example 1. 6 is a plan view of a tray according to Embodiment 2. FIG. 6 is an enlarged cross-sectional view of a main part of Example 3. FIG.

Explanation of symbols

5 ... Absorber 7 ... Evaporator 8 ... Eliminator (introduction path)
DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 20 ... Absorber main body 21 ... Absorbing liquid spraying means 22 ... Tray 23 ... Absorbing liquid spraying hole 29 ... Supercooler D ... Opening diameter of the absorbing liquid spraying hole T ... Length from bottom upper surface of tray to lower end of absorbing liquid spraying hole The

Claims (5)

An absorber body provided with an introduction path for introducing refrigerant vapor connected to the evaporator on a lateral side surface, an absorbing liquid spraying means provided on an upper part of the absorber body for spraying an absorbing liquid as droplets, and the absorption In an absorption refrigerator having a supercooler for supercooling the absorption liquid before being supplied to the liquid spraying means,
The absorbent spraying means,
Absorbing liquid spray holes for dispersing liquid droplets of absorbing liquid are distributed and configured,
In addition, an interval in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the introduction passage through the absorption liquid spray hole is smaller than an interval at a location closest to the introduction passage in the horizontal direction orthogonal to the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor. The absorption refrigeration machine is characterized in that it is distributed so as to be distributed in a state where the downstream side is denser than the upstream side in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the introduction path. The absorption refrigerator according to claim 1,
An absorption refrigerating machine in which the dispersion state of the absorption liquid spray holes in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the introduction path is proportionally dense. The absorption refrigerator according to claim 1,
An absorption refrigerator in which the dispersion state of the absorption liquid spray holes in the flow direction of the refrigerant vapor introduced from the introduction path becomes dense in stages. In the absorption refrigerator according to any one of claims 1, 2, and 3,
The absorbing liquid spraying means is configured by dispersing and arranging the absorbing liquid spraying holes on the bottom surface of the tray for receiving the absorbing liquid droplets, and from the bottom upper surface of the tray to the lower end of the absorbing liquid spraying hole. An absorption refrigerator having a length that is at least 1.3 times the opening diameter of the absorption liquid spray hole. In the absorption refrigerator according to any one of claims 1, 2, 3, and 4,
An absorption refrigerator in which the absorbing liquid spraying hole is formed by burring so that the lower end of the hole protrudes from the bottom surface of the bottom of the tray.

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