JP4734658B2 - Temperature difference generator for teaching materials - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a temperature difference power generation apparatus that obtains power generation by causing a working fluid that repeats phase changes to circulate while heating and cooling a working fluid using a high temperature source and a low temperature source having a predetermined temperature difference, In particular, while using a safe working fluid in an appropriate temperature range to reduce the size of each part of the system, it is possible to visually recognize the phase change state and working state of the working fluid, making it easier to understand the operation of the power generation device, as a teaching material The present invention relates to an optimal temperature difference power generation device for education.

  While environmental and energy issues are being addressed as an urgent international issue, ocean thermal power generation, which uses the temperature difference between hot seawater at high temperatures in the ocean surface and cold cold seawater at deep ocean depths, It is a sustainable energy system with no depletion, has features such as not generating emissions that lead to environmental degradation such as global warming, and is attracting attention not only by researchers but also from many other countries.

  An ocean thermal power generation system is conventionally composed of an evaporator, a turbine connected to the generator, a condenser, a pump, etc., and distributes warm seawater collected from the surface of the ocean to the evaporator and pumps it from the deep ocean. The cold seawater is circulated through the condenser, and the working fluid is evaporated and condensed by the temperature difference between the two, and the turbine is driven during that time to generate electricity. In this ocean temperature difference power generation, the temperature difference between the high temperature source (warm seawater) and the low temperature source (cold seawater) is small, so the amount of seawater to circulate becomes enormous, and the heat transfer surface of each heat exchange device also It was necessary to secure a sufficient area.

An example of a conventional temperature difference power generation apparatus used as such an ocean temperature difference power generation system is disclosed in Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-91361.
The conventional temperature difference power generation device has an evaporator, a turbine, a condenser and a pump as well as a general Rankine cycle as a steam power cycle. An absorber that is partially absorbed by the working fluid; and a regenerator that exchanges heat between the liquid working fluid heated by the evaporator and the liquid working fluid before the heat exchange of the liquid working fluid by the evaporator; It is a structure provided with the heater which heat-exchanges the high-temperature gaseous-phase working fluid extracted from the intermediate | middle of the turbine arrange | positioned in multiple stages with the working fluid of a low-temperature liquid phase.
Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 7-91361

The conventional temperature difference power generation device has a configuration shown in the above-mentioned patent document, and although the thermal efficiency can be increased as compared with that using a general Rankine cycle, the device becomes very large, and the entire device It was difficult for non-specialized engineers to grasp the situation where the engine was operating with a single power cycle.
It is important for non-professionals such as students and general learners to promote the understanding of ocean thermal energy generation for the spread and technological development of ocean thermal energy generation. It is desirable to use teaching materials that can actually be operated and observe the phenomenon of evaporation and condensation, rather than teaching materials only for printed materials and material images. However, the conventional temperature difference power generation device is large and difficult to grasp its operating state. As a problem. Other than this, there has not been a device that can be used as a teaching material for non-experts to learn ocean thermal power generation experientially and observationally. It is compact enough to grasp the entire system at a glance, and its operating state is easy to understand. There is a need for a simulated device that helps scholars understand.

  However, if such an ocean temperature differential power generation model device is manufactured using ammonia as the actual device for ocean thermal power generation, such as the device described in the above-mentioned patent document, each part can be handled in response to ammonia. However, there is a demand for a working fluid that is safe and easy to use instead of ammonia.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-mentioned problems, and is based on a temperature difference between a high-temperature heat source and a low-temperature heat source as a structure that is safe, simple, and easy to observe each device such as a heat exchanger in a power generation cycle. The operation of the power cycle and the mechanism of power generation can be easily understood by the observer through the operation of the device, and it is excellent as a teaching material, and the whole device can be made compact and low cost, and it can be used as a teaching material in various places. An object is to provide a temperature difference power generator that can be utilized.

The temperature difference power generation device for teaching materials according to the present invention uses an evaporator that exchanges heat between a predetermined high-temperature fluid and a liquid-phase working fluid to evaporate the working fluid, and powers the evaporated thermal energy. A prime mover that converts to a motor, a generator that generates power by being driven by the prime mover, a condenser that condenses the working fluid used in the prime mover with heat exchange with a predetermined low-temperature fluid, and a liquid phase that exits the condenser And a pump for feeding the working fluid to the evaporator, wherein the evaporator comprises at least a power cycle that repeatedly performs a phase change process by exchanging heat with the fluids. a portion of the outer shell container, it is the evaporation process of the working fluid from the outside and substantially transparent material made visible, the prime mover is a steam turbine to rotate the stage of the impeller by the vapor phase working fluid In both cases, the impeller is housed in a transparent housing so that the rotational state of the impeller can be visually recognized from the outside, and a generator case is disposed adjacent to the housing. Is connected to the impeller by a shaft and is disposed in the generator case, and can generate electric power by rotating the impeller, and the electric power generation state is indicated by lighting of a lamp, and the condenser is , At least a part of the outer shell container is made of a substantially transparent material from which the condensation process of the working fluid can be visually recognized from the outside, and the working fluid has a boiling point lower than the boiling point of water at least during the cycle operation and a freezing point There have lower properties than the freezing point of water, a fluorine-based liquid which is phase change occurs at a lower pressure than the ammonia, the hot fluid heated by the boiling point or higher during cycling of the working fluid Has been is water, the cold fluid is what is cooled is water, which is low enough temperature than the boiling point during the cycle operation of the working fluid.

  Thus, according to the present invention, instead of ammonia, a liquid that can reproduce each phenomenon of phase change at a lower pressure is used as a working fluid, and at least a part of the evaporator and the condenser are made of a substantially transparent material. The power cycle is executed by exchanging heat between the working fluid and the high-temperature fluid and the low-temperature fluid, respectively, so that the actual operation as the power cycle is ensured and the handling is simple, and the entire apparatus is low-cost. It can be configured compactly, and the phenomenon of evaporation and condensation can also be easily observed, and even non-experts can actually operate it to encourage the observer to understand the operation of the temperature difference power generation device. Is preferred.

In addition, the temperature difference power generation device for teaching materials according to the present invention heats the water with a predetermined high-temperature heat source while storing a predetermined amount of water as needed, supplies the high-temperature fluid to the evaporator, and heats it with the evaporator. A high-temperature fluid tank that collects the high-temperature fluid that has been replaced, and a predetermined low-temperature heat source that cools a predetermined amount of water and supplies the low-temperature fluid to the condenser, and the heat exchange is completed in the condenser A cryogenic fluid tank for collecting the cryogenic fluid, wherein the hot fluid and the water serving as the cryogenic fluid are colored in different colors that are different from each other and different from the working fluid, and the hot fluid tank and the cryogenic fluid tank are at least outside. A part of the shell container is made of a substantially transparent material that allows the storage state of each fluid to be visually recognized from the outside, and the evaporator has a structure that allows the flow of a high-temperature fluid to be visually recognized from the outside. , From outside Flow of hot fluid is also intended to be a visible structure.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the high temperature fluid tank and the low temperature fluid tank are provided, the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid are colored, and the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid can be visually recognized by the evaporator and the condenser. It becomes easier to grasp not only the fluid but also the distribution state of the high-temperature fluid and the low-temperature fluid in the device, and the mechanism and operation of the temperature difference power generation device can be understood more easily.

In addition, the temperature difference power generation device for teaching materials according to the present invention may be configured such that the high-temperature fluid is colored in a predetermined color in a warm color system and the low-temperature fluid is colored in a predetermined color in a cold color system as needed. Fluid tanks are arranged one above the other.
As described above, according to the present invention, the high-temperature fluid tank and the low-temperature fluid tank are arranged one above the other to imitate the ocean as a water supply source in the case of ocean temperature difference power generation, and the high-temperature fluid is made warm and the warm seawater The low temperature fluid is made into a cold color system and imitates cold seawater, making it easy to recall the ocean thermal power generation image from the entire device, and allowing the observer to further understand the mechanism of thermal power generation. I can urge you.

Further, materials for thermal energy conversion device according to the present invention, if necessary, before Symbol valve is provided in the working fluid flow path between the evaporator and the prime mover, and can adjust the inflow into the prime mover of the working fluid It is what is done.

As described above, according to the present invention, the rotational state of the impeller in the steam turbine as the prime mover can be confirmed from the outside, and the impeller is actually made of the working fluid by providing the valve between the evaporator and the prime mover. It is easy to understand how the working fluid performs work by adjusting the opening of the valve while changing the inflow of the working fluid to change the rotation of the impeller, and the temperature difference. It can help to understand the entire power generation device.

Moreover, the temperature difference power generation device for teaching materials according to the present invention is configured such that the evaporator and / or the condenser is a plate heat exchanger, and the heat transfer portion of each plate is at least a glass plate, if necessary. Is.
As described above, according to the present invention, the heat transfer portion of the evaporator and / or the condenser is a substantially transparent glass plate, and the portion separated by the heat transfer portion from the outside can be visually recognized. This makes it easier to grasp the phase change state and deepens the understanding of the evaporation and / or condensation process of the working fluid.

In addition, the temperature-difference power generator for teaching materials according to the present invention is configured so that at least a part of the high-temperature fluid that has exited the evaporator and / or a high-temperature fluid taken in a predetermined amount from the high-temperature fluid tank is supplied to the predetermined decompression space as necessary. Internally visible evaporation means for evaporating inside, and at least a part of the low temperature fluid exiting the condenser and / or a low temperature fluid taken in a predetermined amount from the low temperature fluid tank is introduced as a cooling medium. The apparatus includes at least a condensing unit, and includes a water producing device that obtains distilled water by cooling and condensing the water evaporated by the evaporating unit with the condensing unit.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the fresh water generating device including the evaporation means for evaporating the high temperature fluid and the condensation means for obtaining distilled water from the steam using the low temperature fluid is provided, and the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid are used. By making the water production process executable in parallel with temperature difference power generation, the process of seawater desalination, which is often performed in parallel with ocean temperature difference power generation, is regarded as hot fluid as warm seawater. Can be executed in a simulated manner assuming cold seawater, and it is easy to visually understand the desalination process, and it is possible to promote understanding of seawater desalination methods using seawater temperature differences.

In addition, the temperature difference power generation device for teaching material according to the present invention can store the working fluid that has exited the condenser temporarily between the condenser and the cryogenic fluid tank, as needed, while temporarily storing a predetermined amount of the working fluid. Working fluid tank that cools the stored working fluid by introducing and circulating at least a part of the cryogenic fluid exiting the working fluid and / or a cryogenic fluid taken from the cryogenic fluid tank in the vicinity of the working fluid as a cooling medium Is provided.

  As described above, according to the present invention, the working fluid tank is disposed on the rear stage side of the condenser, and the working fluid exiting the condenser is temporarily stored in a predetermined amount while being cooled with the low temperature fluid, and finally further in the latter stage. As a result, the re-evaporation of the working fluid that has become a liquid phase in the condenser can be reliably suppressed, and even when the gaseous working fluid flows out of the condenser without being condensed, By further cooling the fluid by heat exchange with the cryogenic fluid, it is completely condensed and its pressure is lowered, and the turbine outlet pressure can be lowered, and the turbine efficiency can be increased. Furthermore, since a predetermined amount of working fluid is stored, it has a buffering function with respect to changes in the flow rate of the working fluid accompanying the operation of the pump that generates the delivery pressure of the working fluid, and the influence of the change in flow rate can be reduced. it can.

1 is a schematic system diagram of a temperature difference power generator according to an embodiment of the present invention. It is a front view of the temperature difference power generation device concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a top view of the temperature difference power generator concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is a side view of the condenser in the temperature difference power generator concerning one embodiment of the present invention. It is the front view and bottom view of a turbine in the temperature difference power generation device concerning one embodiment of the present invention.

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Temperature difference power generator 10 Evaporator 11 Shell 11a, 11b Piping 11c, 11d Piping 11e Internal space 12 Heat exchange part 20 Turbine 21 Housing 21a Nozzle part 21b Pipe 22 Impeller 23 Generator 23a Generator case 24 Display part 25 Manual valve 26 Automatic valve 27 Lamp 30 Condenser 31 Plate 32 Spacer 33 Side plate 33a, 33b Piping 33c, 33d Piping 40 Working fluid tank 41 Inner vessel 42 Outer vessel 50 Working fluid pump 60 High temperature fluid tank 61 Heater 62, 72 Pump 70 Low temperature fluid Tank 71 Refrigerator 80 Fresh water generator 81 Evaporating section 82 Condensing section 83 Valve 84 Vacuum pump 85 Low temperature fluid supply pump 86 Water tank 90 Control section 91 Operation section

  Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is a schematic system diagram of a temperature difference power generator according to the present embodiment, FIG. 2 is a front view of the temperature difference power generator according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 3 is a plan view of the temperature difference power generator according to the present embodiment. FIG. 4 is a side view of a condenser in the temperature difference power generation device according to the present embodiment, and FIG. 5 is a front view and a bottom view of the turbine in the temperature difference power generation device according to the present embodiment.

  In each of the drawings, the temperature difference power generation device 1 according to the present embodiment operates with an evaporator 10 that exchanges heat between a working fluid and a high-temperature fluid to obtain steam of the working fluid, and the steam obtained by the evaporator 10. The turbine 20 as the prime mover, the condenser 30 that condenses the vapor that exits the turbine 20 to form a liquid phase, the working fluid tank 40 that temporarily stores the working fluid that has exited the condenser 30, and the working fluid A working fluid pump 50 for delivering to the evaporator 10, a high temperature fluid tank 60 for storing high temperature fluid, a low temperature fluid tank 70 for storing low temperature fluid, and a structure for producing distilled water by introducing high temperature fluid and low temperature fluid, respectively. It is a structure provided with the water apparatus 80 and the control part 90 which controls inflow / outflow of each fluid to each part of an electric power generating apparatus and enables automatic driving | operation. Among these, the working fluid pump 50 is a known device similar to that used in a general steam power cycle, and a description thereof will be omitted.

The evaporator 10 has a hollow shell 11 that forms an outermost shell and is connected to other equipment by piping, and a tubular heat exchange section 12 that is disposed inside the shell 11 and exchanges heat between the high-temperature fluid and the working fluid. And a simple shell and tube heat exchanger.
The shell 11 is a substantially box-shaped hollow container made of a transparent material, and is connected to a pipe 11a for flowing high-temperature fluid on one side and a pipe 11b for flowing high-temperature fluid on the other side. A pipe 11c that allows the working fluid to flow into the lower part and a pipe 11d that causes the working fluid to flow out to the upper part are connected to the lower part, and the pipes 11c and 11d communicate with the internal heat exchanging unit 12, respectively. . A pipe 11c for allowing the working fluid to flow into the shell 11 is connected to the outlet side of the working fluid pump 50, and a pipe 11d for letting the working fluid flow out is connected to the inlet side of the turbine 20. The internal space 11e of the shell 11 is in a heat-retaining state with respect to the outside, and the inside of the shell 11 is in a state where the evaporation process of the working fluid is visible from the outside.

The heat exchanging portion 12 is a glass tube, and upper and lower ends thereof are connected and integrated with working fluid inflow and outflow piping 11c and 11d, respectively, and are isolated in a watertight manner from the internal space 11e of the shell 11. It is the composition which is done. In this heat exchanging section 12, the working fluid that is heated by heat exchange with the high-temperature fluid while receiving the supply pressure from the working fluid pump 50 evaporates while going up the heat exchanging section 12, and becomes a gas phase. The working fluid that has become a gas phase flows out from the upper part of the heat exchanging section 12 to the pipe 11d outside the shell 11 and moves toward the turbine 20 on the rear stage side.
The working fluid used is hydrofluoroether, Fluorinert (registered trademark) or the like, which is a low boiling point fluorine-based liquid capable of causing a phase change at a low pressure, instead of ammonia normally used in an ocean thermal power generation system. .

  The turbine 20 is configured such that an impeller 22 is housed in a transparent housing 21, and a gas phase working fluid ejected from a nozzle portion 21 a in the housing 21 collides with the impeller 22 to rotate the impeller 22. It is a mechanism to let you. A generator case 23a is disposed adjacent to the housing 21, and a small generator 23 connected to the impeller 22 is disposed in the generator case 23a. Electric power is generated by the rotation of the impeller 22. It is possible. Since the turbine 20 is mainly for the purpose of observing the rotation state, the impeller 22 is only one stage, and is a small device that can be sufficiently rotated even if the working fluid vapor does not reach a high pressure.

The rotation speed of the impeller 22 is displayed on the display unit 24 through a sensor (not shown) provided therewith, while being transmitted to the control unit 90 and displayed on another display screen or the like. Further, a lamp 27 that is turned on by the electric power obtained by the generator 23 to indicate a power generation state is also provided in the vicinity of the turbine 20.
In this turbine 20, a part of the working fluid reaches from the impeller 22 side to the portion where the generator 23 is disposed in the generator case 23 a beyond the shaft seal portion, but there is no adverse effect on the generator 23. Rather, since a fluorinated liquid having a cleaning effect is used as the working fluid, the life of the brush of the generator 23 can be prolonged. The working fluid is condensed and liquefied to some extent while the impeller 22 is heated to a predetermined temperature, such as at the time of startup, due to its characteristics. Therefore, the working fluid liquid discharge pipe is provided below the housing 21 and the generator case 23a. 21 b is arranged and joined to the working fluid flow path of the condenser 30.
A manual valve 25 that can be manually opened and closed and an automatic valve 26 that is driven by a motor are provided on the front side of the turbine 20, respectively, and the inflow amount of the working fluid can be adjusted on-site or remotely.

  The condenser 30 is a general plate heat exchanger, and has a known configuration in which the introduced gas-phase working fluid is condensed by exchanging heat with a low-temperature fluid via the plate 31. Omitted. In the condenser 30, each plate 31 is made of transparent glass or polycarbonate, and the spacer 32 and the side plate 33 forming the condenser 30 are made of a transparent resin that allows the inside to be visually confirmed. The state in which the fluid condenses by heat exchange with the low-temperature fluid is visible from the outside.

  The lower part of the condenser 30 is connected to a pipe 33a for injecting a low-temperature fluid and a pipe 33d for discharging the condensed working fluid, and the upper part is connected to a pipe 33b for discharging a low-temperature fluid and a pipe 33c for injecting a gas-phase working fluid. Are connected to each other, the piping 33c for flowing the working fluid is connected to the outlet side of the turbine 20, and the piping 33d for discharging the working fluid is connected to the working fluid tank 40 on the rear stage side. is there.

  The working fluid tank 40 temporarily stores a liquid-phase working fluid on the rear stage side of the condenser 30 and a very small amount of the gas-phase working fluid that could not be condensed by the condenser 30 while being cooled by the low-temperature fluid. In the state where the re-evaporation of the working fluid is prevented, the work fluid is finally sent to the rear stage side. The inside of the tank has a double structure, and an inner container 41 for storing a working fluid is surrounded by an outer container 42 for storing a low-temperature fluid, and each container is made of a transparent material and operates from the outside. The storage state of the fluid and the cryogenic fluid is visible.

  The working fluid tank 40 stores a predetermined amount of working fluid, thereby reducing the influence of changes in the flow rate of the working fluid associated with the operation of the working fluid pump 50 that generates the delivery pressure of the working fluid on the subsequent stage side. Have. Further, by further cooling the working fluid including the remaining gas phase component that has come out of the condenser 30, the pressure at the outlet of the turbine 20 can be lowered, and the turbine efficiency can be increased.

  The high-temperature fluid tank 60 is a substantially box-shaped hollow container made of a transparent material and heated with a high-temperature heat source such as a heater 61 while storing a predetermined amount of water to obtain hot water having a temperature higher than the boiling point of the working fluid, that is, a high-temperature fluid. The high-temperature fluid that has been supplied to the evaporator 10 and has exchanged heat with the evaporator 10 is recovered, and the storage state of the high-temperature fluid is visible from the outside. A pump 62 for sending the high temperature fluid to the evaporator 10 is disposed at the subsequent stage of the high temperature fluid tank.

The low-temperature fluid tank 70 is a substantially box-shaped hollow container made of a transparent material, is cooled by a low-temperature heat source such as the refrigerator 71 while storing a predetermined amount of water, and is cold water sufficiently lower than the boiling point of the working fluid, that is, a low temperature. This is a fluid that is supplied to the condenser 30 and collects the low-temperature fluid that has undergone heat exchange in the condenser 30. The storage state of the low-temperature fluid is visible from the outside. A pump 72 for sending the low-temperature fluid to the condenser 30 is disposed at the subsequent stage of the low-temperature fluid tank 70.
The high-temperature fluid tank 60 and the low-temperature fluid tank 70 are arranged one above the other so that the ocean serving as a water supply source in the case of ocean temperature difference power generation, that is, warm seawater corresponding to a high-temperature fluid on the surface layer side and low-temperature fluid on the deep layer side. It is a simulation of the state where cold seawater corresponding to is present.

  The high-temperature fluid and the water used as the low-temperature fluid have different predetermined colors such that the high-temperature fluid is colored in a predetermined color of a warm color, for example, red, while the low-temperature fluid is colored in a predetermined color of a cold color, for example, blue. The high temperature fluid has a warm color and imitates the warm water of the ocean surface, and the low temperature fluid has a cold color and imitates the deep ocean of cold sea water. Thereby, the system of the high-temperature fluid tank 60 and the evaporator 10 through which the high-temperature fluid circulates can be clearly distinguished from the system of the low-temperature fluid tank 70, the condenser 30 and the working fluid tank 40 through which the low-temperature fluid circulates. Yes.

  The fresh water generator 80 includes an evaporation section 81 as the evaporation means, a condensation section 82 as the condensation means for condensing water vapor obtained by the evaporation section 81 to obtain water containing no impurities, and an evaporation section 81. And a plurality of conduits for introducing water to the condensing unit 82 and discharging the obtained distilled water or remaining water, and a pump (not shown). A valve 83 is provided in the high-temperature fluid flow path on the upstream side of the fresh water generator 80 so that whether or not the fresh water generator 80 performs the fresh water operation can be switched.

  The evaporating unit 81 is a known configuration that obtains water vapor by flash-evaporating a part of the high-temperature fluid exiting the evaporator 10 in a decompression vessel whose internal space is depressurized to atmospheric pressure or less by a connected vacuum pump 84. Therefore, detailed description is omitted. The condensing unit 82 is a plate heat exchanger using a transparent glass plate similar to the condenser 30, and cold water that is a low-temperature fluid obtained by taking a predetermined amount of the introduced working fluid from the low-temperature fluid tank 70. This is a well-known configuration for obtaining distilled water by cooling and condensing steam with heat exchange, and detailed description thereof is omitted. Also in the evaporation unit 81 and the condensing unit 82, the state in which the high-temperature fluid evaporates and the state in which the steam is condensed by heat exchange with cold water can be visually recognized from the outside. The distilled water obtained in the condensing unit 82 is temporarily stored in the water tank 86 and then taken out.

The control unit 90 adjusts and controls the inflow / outflow of each fluid to / from each part of the power generation device and the temperatures of the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid to execute automatic operation of the device, and also serves as a touch panel type display unit. The operation unit 91 is provided. In particular, the operation of the operation unit 91 starts the automatic valve 26 on the upstream side of the turbine 20, the pump 62 for sending high temperature fluid from the high temperature fluid tank 60 to the evaporator 10, and the pump for sending low temperature fluid from the low temperature fluid tank to the condenser 30. 72, the heater 61 as a high-temperature heat source of the high-temperature fluid tank 60, the refrigerator 71 as a low-temperature heat source of the low-temperature fluid tank 70, the valve 83 on the front side of the fresh water generator 80, and the like can be remotely operated in desired states, respectively. It has become.
The control unit 90 provides an operation interface similar to that of the operation unit 91 to the outside through a network, and is configured such that the power generator can be remotely operated from an external client computer via the network.

  Next, the operation state of the temperature difference power generation device according to the present embodiment will be described. As a premise, a predetermined amount of high-temperature fluid is stored from the high-temperature fluid tank 60 simulating the ocean surface layer, and a low-temperature fluid is stored in the low-temperature fluid tank 70 simulating the ocean deep layer while controlling the temperature, while the pumps 62 and 72 are stored. It is assumed that a predetermined flow rate is introduced into the evaporator 10 or the condenser 30, respectively.

  In the evaporator 10, a high-temperature fluid introduced from the pipe 11a on the side of the shell 11 and in a predetermined amount storage state, and a liquid-phase working fluid introduced into the heat exchange unit 12 from the lower pipe 11c, Heat exchange is performed via the heat exchange unit 12. The working fluid heated here evaporates as the temperature rises to become a gas phase. It can be easily confirmed from the outside of the evaporator 10 that the working fluid is evaporated by exchanging heat with the high-temperature fluid. The generated gas phase working fluid flows out from the upper part of the heat exchanging unit 12 to the pipe 11d outside the evaporator 10. In addition, the high-temperature fluid is stored for a predetermined time and then flows out to the pipe 11b outside the evaporator 10.

  The high-temperature gas-phase working fluid exiting the evaporator 10 reaches the turbine 20 through the valves 25 and 26, and rotates the impeller 22 to drive the generator 23 and use the thermal energy of the temperature difference. Energy, that is, electric power. The gas phase working fluid that has been expanded and worked in the turbine 20 in this manner exits the turbine 20 with the pressure and temperature reduced, and is introduced into the condenser 30.

  In the condenser 30, the gas phase working fluid introduced into the inside through the pipe 33 c proceeds to the internal space, and heat exchange is performed with the low-temperature fluid separately introduced from the pipe 33 a through the plate 31, thereby cooling the gas phase. The working fluid is condensed into a liquid phase. Thus, it can be easily confirmed from the outside of the condenser 30 that the working fluid is condensed by exchanging heat with the low-temperature fluid.

  The working fluid that has become a liquid phase by sufficiently lowering the temperature in the condenser 30 flows out to the external pipe 33d in a gas-liquid mixed phase state in which a part of the gas phase remains, and flows into the working fluid tank 40 on the rear stage side. To do. The uncondensed gas phase working fluid is finally all condensed in the tank and changed into a liquid phase working fluid. The liquid-phase working fluid existing in the working fluid tank 40 has the lowest temperature and pressure in the system. The liquid-phase working fluid that has reached the working fluid tank 40 travels again toward the evaporator 10 via the working fluid pump 50.

  Thus, the working fluid returns to the evaporator 10 and repeats the processes after the heat exchange in the evaporator 10 as described above. With respect to this working fluid, the low-temperature fluid used for heat exchange in the condenser 30 and the working fluid tank 40 is heated to a predetermined temperature by receiving heat from the working fluid. The cryogenic fluid is discharged out of the working fluid tank 40 and finally returns to the cryogenic fluid tank 70. While the low-temperature fluid is stored in the low-temperature fluid tank 70, the original sufficiently low-temperature state is recovered by cooling with the refrigerator 71, which is a low-temperature heat source. On the other hand, the high-temperature fluid whose temperature has decreased due to heat exchange with the working fluid in the evaporator 10 also returns to the high-temperature fluid tank 60 after the heat exchange and is stored in the high-temperature fluid tank 60. The original high-temperature state is restored by heating with.

  While the temperature difference power generation device 1 is in operation, a process similar to seawater desalination can be observed by operating the desalinator 80 simulating a seawater desalination system. That is, the vacuum pump 84 and the low-temperature fluid supply pump 85 of the fresh water generator 80 are operated, and the valve 83 on the front stage side of the fresh water generator 80 is opened so that a high-temperature fluid imitating seawater on the ocean surface is generated in the fresh water generator 80. When this is introduced into the evaporation section 81, the high-temperature fluid is flash-evaporated to obtain water vapor, and this water vapor reaches the condensing section 82 and is cooled by heat exchange with a low-temperature fluid imitating deep sea water. Distilled water will be obtained. The state in which the high-temperature fluid in the evaporator 81 of the fresh water generator 80 evaporates and the state in which the water vapor in the condenser 82 condenses can be easily confirmed from the outside of the fresh water generator 80.

  Thus, in the temperature difference power generation device according to the present embodiment, instead of ammonia used as a working fluid in a general ocean temperature difference power generation device, a fluorine-based one that can reproduce each phenomenon of phase change at a lower pressure. The liquid is used as a working fluid, and the outer shell of each device such as the evaporator 10, the turbine 20, and the condenser 30 is made of a transparent material, and a power cycle is performed by exchanging heat between the working fluid and a high-temperature fluid and a low-temperature fluid, respectively. Can be viewed from the outside of each device, so that the actual operation as a power cycle is ensured and handling is simple, and the entire device is configured at low cost and compactly. In addition, the phenomenon of evaporation and condensation can be easily observed, and even non-experts can actually operate to understand the operation and mechanism of the temperature difference power generation device for the observer. Succoth can.

  In the temperature difference power generation device according to the embodiment, the evaporator 10 is a simple shell and tube heat exchanger, and the condenser 30 is a simple plate heat exchanger. Also, a reverse combination or a configuration using any one type of heat exchanger can be employed. In addition, a completely different type of heat exchanger other than the above may be used as the evaporator 10 or the condenser as long as it has a sufficient heat exchange capability and can be configured compactly.

  In the temperature difference power generation device according to the embodiment, the high-temperature fluid tank 60 is provided as a high-temperature fluid supply source, and the low-temperature fluid tank 70 is provided as a low-temperature fluid supply source. The heat source is also used to control the temperature of the high-temperature fluid and low-temperature fluid.However, this is not a limitation, and if there are heat sources such as a hot water source and a cold water source that can be used easily outside the equipment, It is also possible to store only high-temperature fluid or low-temperature fluid without performing temperature control. Further, when there is a hot water source or a cold water source having sufficient supply capacity without temperature fluctuation outside the apparatus, one or both of the high temperature fluid tank 60 and the low temperature fluid tank 70 are not used, and the high temperature fluid and the low temperature fluid are not used. It can also be supplied directly from the outside.

  Moreover, in the temperature difference power generation device according to the above-described embodiment, while the temperature difference power generation is observed, a process similar to seawater desalination can be observed using the fresh water generator 80. Electrolysis is performed using the obtained electric power and the water obtained by the fresh water generator 80 to generate hydrogen and oxygen, or the hydrogen and oxygen thus obtained are reacted to generate electric power. The fuel cell system to be obtained can be additionally provided, and various processes derived from the temperature difference power generation can be actually operated and observed to deepen the understanding.

  Furthermore, in the temperature difference power generation device according to the embodiment, the control unit 90 is used to control each unit to enable automatic operation. However, the present invention is not limited thereto, and the control unit 90 is not provided, and each pump It is also possible to configure the device to operate by manually adjusting the valves and valves, etc., and by allowing the observer to perform each operation to move the device along with observation, the understanding of the device mechanism can be further deepened. It will be.

Claims (7)

An evaporator that exchanges heat between a predetermined high-temperature fluid and a liquid-phase working fluid to evaporate the working fluid, a prime mover that converts thermal energy of the evaporated working fluid into power, and a motor driven by the prime mover A generator for generating electricity, a condenser for exchanging heat with a predetermined low-temperature fluid to condense the working fluid used in the prime mover, and a pump for sending the liquid-phase working fluid that has exited the condenser to the evaporator In a temperature difference power generation device comprising a power cycle that repeatedly performs a process of changing the phase by exchanging heat with each of the fluids.
The evaporator is made of a substantially transparent material in which at least a part of the outer shell container can visually recognize the evaporation process of the working fluid from the outside.
The prime mover is a steam turbine that rotates a single-stage impeller by a gas-phase working fluid, and the impeller is housed in a transparent housing so that the rotational state of the impeller can be visually recognized from the outside. And a generator case is disposed adjacent to the housing,
The generator is connected to the impeller by a shaft and disposed in the generator case, and can generate electric power by rotating the impeller, and the electric power generation state is indicated by lighting of a lamp,
The condenser is made of a substantially transparent material in which at least a part of the outer shell container can visually recognize the process of condensing the working fluid from the outside.
The working fluid is a fluorinated liquid that has a property that the boiling point at the time of cycle operation is lower than the boiling point of water and the freezing point is lower than the freezing point of water, and can cause a phase change at a pressure lower than that of ammonia .
The high-temperature fluid is water heated to a boiling point or higher at the time of cycle operation of the working fluid;
The temperature-difference generator for teaching materials , wherein the low-temperature fluid is water that has been cooled to a temperature sufficiently lower than a boiling point of the working fluid during a cycle operation. In the temperature difference power generator for teaching materials according to claim 1,
A high-temperature fluid tank for storing a predetermined amount of water and heating it with a predetermined high-temperature heat source to form the high-temperature fluid, supplying the high-temperature fluid to the evaporator, and recovering the high-temperature fluid after heat exchange in the evaporator;
Cooling with a predetermined low-temperature heat source while storing a predetermined amount of water to provide the low-temperature fluid, and supplying the condenser, a low-temperature fluid tank that collects the low-temperature fluid after the heat exchange in the condenser,
The high-temperature fluid and the water to be the low-temperature fluid are colored in predetermined colors different from each other and different from the working fluid,
The high-temperature fluid tank and the low-temperature fluid tank are made of a substantially transparent material in which at least a part of the outer shell container can visually recognize the storage state of each fluid,
The evaporator has a structure in which a flow of a high-temperature fluid can be visually recognized from the outside,
The temperature difference power generator for teaching materials , wherein the condenser has a structure in which a flow of a low-temperature fluid can be visually recognized from the outside. In the temperature difference power generator for teaching materials according to claim 2,
The high temperature fluid is colored in a predetermined color of a warm color system,
The low temperature fluid is colored in a predetermined color of a cold color system,
The temperature-difference generator for teaching materials, wherein the high-temperature fluid tank and the low-temperature fluid tank are arranged one above the other. In the temperature difference power generation device for teaching materials according to any one of claims 1 to 3 ,
Before SL valve is provided in the working fluid flow path between the evaporator and the prime mover, materials for thermal energy conversion device, characterized in that it is adjustable for inflow into the prime mover of the working fluid. In the temperature difference power generator for teaching materials according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
The temperature difference power generator for teaching materials, wherein the evaporator and / or the condenser is a plate heat exchanger, and the heat transfer portion of each plate is at least a transparent plate. In the temperature difference power generator for teaching materials according to any one of claims 1 to 5,
Evaporating means visible inside for evaporating at least a part of the high-temperature fluid exiting the evaporator and / or high-temperature fluid taken in a predetermined amount from the high-temperature fluid tank in a predetermined decompression space, and exiting the condenser At least a part of the cryogenic fluid and / or a cryogenic fluid taken in a predetermined amount from the cryogenic fluid tank is introduced as a cooling medium. A temperature difference power generation apparatus for teaching materials, comprising a fresh water generator that cools and condenses with the condensing means to obtain distilled water. In the temperature difference power generation device for teaching materials according to any one of claims 1 to 6,
A predetermined amount of working fluid exiting the condenser is temporarily stored between the condenser and the cryogenic fluid tank, while at least a part of the cryogenic fluid exiting the condenser and / or from the cryogenic fluid tank. A temperature difference power generator for teaching materials, comprising a working fluid tank that cools a stored working fluid by introducing and circulating a low-temperature fluid that has been taken in a fixed amount as a cooling medium in the vicinity of the working fluid.

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