JP4642526B2 - Disaster prevention equipment - Google Patents
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- JP4642526B2 JP4642526B2 JP2005100206A JP2005100206A JP4642526B2 JP 4642526 B2 JP4642526 B2 JP 4642526B2 JP 2005100206 A JP2005100206 A JP 2005100206A JP 2005100206 A JP2005100206 A JP 2005100206A JP 4642526 B2 JP4642526 B2 JP 4642526B2
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Description
本発明は防災設備に関し、特に水素ステーションなどの水素設備での水素ガスの爆発を防止又は抑制する防災設備に関するものである。 The present invention relates to a disaster prevention facility, and more particularly to a disaster prevention facility that prevents or suppresses the explosion of hydrogen gas in a hydrogen facility such as a hydrogen station.
近年、新しいエネルギーとして水素が注目され、燃料電池により動く自動車が開発されてきている。また燃料電池自動車に水素を供給する水素ステーション(水素スタンド)も建設されてきている。 In recent years, hydrogen has attracted attention as a new energy, and automobiles powered by fuel cells have been developed. In addition, hydrogen stations (hydrogen stations) that supply hydrogen to fuel cell vehicles have been constructed.
ところで、水素は、低い濃度で漏洩しても、爆発の恐れのあるガスであり水素を扱う設備には、水素ガスの漏洩時の爆発対策を施すことが望まれている。このような水素ガスの爆発対策として、閉鎖空間を形成し、その閉鎖空間内に不活性ガスを充填する水素爆発防止方法がある(特許文献1参照)。
しかし、特許文献1の方法では、閉鎖空間にしか使用できず、水素ステーションなどの屋外施設においては、水素ガスによる爆発を防止することができないという問題点があった。 However, the method of Patent Document 1 can be used only in a closed space, and there is a problem that explosion due to hydrogen gas cannot be prevented in outdoor facilities such as a hydrogen station.
そこで、本発明は、屋外での水素設備でも十分に爆発防止効果のある防災設備を提供することを目的とする。 Accordingly, an object of the present invention is to provide a disaster prevention facility that is sufficiently effective in preventing explosion even in an outdoor hydrogen facility.
本発明は以上の課題を解決するためになされたもので、防護区域内に、水素を貯蔵又は供給する水素設備が設けられた水素ステーションの防災設備において、前記防護区域の湿度を高める水分発生装置と、前記防護区域に漏洩した水素ガスを検知する水素検知手段と、を設け、前記水分発生装置は、前記水素ステーションを構成する屋根の下に設けられた配管に取り付けられた複数のミストノズルを有し、前記水素検知手段が前記水素設備から水素の漏洩を検知した時、前記ミストノズルから前記防護区域全体にミストを出して、前記防護区域内の湿度を高めることを特徴とするものである。
The present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and in a disaster prevention facility of a hydrogen station provided with a hydrogen facility for storing or supplying hydrogen in the protected area, a moisture generating device for increasing the humidity of the protected area. And hydrogen detection means for detecting hydrogen gas leaked into the protection area, and the moisture generating device includes a plurality of mist nozzles attached to piping provided under the roof constituting the hydrogen station. And when the hydrogen detecting means detects leakage of hydrogen from the hydrogen facility, the mist is discharged from the mist nozzle to the entire protected area to increase the humidity in the protected area. .
本発明は、水素設備のある防護区域に、湿度を高める水分発生装置を備え、水素検知手段が水素設備から水素の漏洩を検知した時、水分発生装置から水分を出すように構成した。より具体的には、水分発生装置を、ミストを出すミストノズルから構成し、水素漏洩時に、ミストノズルからミストを出して、防護区域全体を、あたかも霧でつつむようにして、防護区域内の湿度を高める。 According to the present invention, a moisture generating device for increasing humidity is provided in a protected area where a hydrogen facility is provided, and when the hydrogen detection means detects leakage of hydrogen from the hydrogen facility, moisture is discharged from the moisture generating device. More specifically, the moisture generating device is composed of a mist nozzle that emits mist, and at the time of hydrogen leakage, the mist is discharged from the mist nozzle so that the entire protected area is covered with mist to increase the humidity in the protected area. .
このように水素ガスの漏洩時に、その漏洩した領域内の湿度を高めると、いくつかの相乗効果により燃焼爆発を抑制することができ、事故があっても災害を最小限に食い止める事が可能となる。すなわち防護区域内に、水分が有ると周囲の装置や壁に貯まっている電荷が水分が導電性であるためにリークしてアースに落ち、結果として装置や壁に電荷が貯まらずに火花が起きにくくなる。このため、主に静電気火花による着火現象で燃焼爆発を生ずる水素の爆発を防止することができる。 In this way, when hydrogen gas leaks, if the humidity in the leaked area is increased, combustion explosion can be suppressed by several synergistic effects, and even if there is an accident, it is possible to prevent disasters to a minimum. Become. In other words, if there is moisture in the protected area, the charge stored in the surrounding devices and walls leaks due to the conductivity of the water and falls to the ground, resulting in a spark that does not accumulate charges on the devices and walls. It becomes difficult. For this reason, it is possible to prevent an explosion of hydrogen that causes a combustion explosion mainly due to an ignition phenomenon caused by electrostatic sparks.
図1は、本発明における防災設備のシステム図である。図において、1は水素を貯蔵又は供給する水素設備の一例である水素ステーションで防護区域内に設けられる。水素ステーション1は、水素を貯蔵する貯蔵タンク2、水素を供給する水素ディスペンサ3などを備えている。
FIG. 1 is a system diagram of disaster prevention equipment in the present invention. In the figure, reference numeral 1 denotes a hydrogen station which is an example of a hydrogen facility for storing or supplying hydrogen, and is provided in a protected area. The hydrogen station 1 includes a
5は水分発生装置で、水素ステーション1が設けられる防護区域の湿度を高める装置である。水分発生装置5は、防護区域に対して複数配置され、ミストを出すミストノズル6,起動弁7,ポンプ8及び水源としての水槽9から構成されている。 Reference numeral 5 denotes a moisture generator, which is a device for increasing the humidity of the protected area where the hydrogen station 1 is provided. A plurality of moisture generators 5 are arranged with respect to the protection area, and include a mist nozzle 6, a start valve 7, a pump 8, and a water tank 9 as a water source.
水素ステーション1を構成する屋根C(キャノピー)の下には、配管10が設けられ、その配管10には複数のミストノズル6が取付けられている。配管10の基端側には、常時は閉じた起動弁7を介してポンプ8と水槽9が設けられている。 A pipe 10 is provided under the roof C (canopy) constituting the hydrogen station 1, and a plurality of mist nozzles 6 are attached to the pipe 10. On the proximal end side of the pipe 10, a pump 8 and a water tank 9 are provided via a start valve 7 that is normally closed.
13は水素検知手段で、防護区域内の水素ガスを検知する。水素検知手段は、接触燃焼式、焼結型半導体、又は質量分析計などから構成される水素を検知する水素センサである。水素センサ13は、例えばサンプリング式で使用され、屋根Cや床面上に設置された、いくつかのサンプリング管14が接続されている。サンプリング管14の先端には吸引口15が設けられ、吸引口15は、貯蔵タンク2や水素ディスペンサ3の近傍に設置される。またサンプリング管14の基端側には図示しない吸引ポンプが取り付けられ、常時、吸引口15から吸引した空気を水素センサ13に導いている。
A hydrogen detection means 13 detects hydrogen gas in the protected area. The hydrogen detection means is a hydrogen sensor configured to detect hydrogen composed of a catalytic combustion type, a sintered semiconductor, a mass spectrometer, or the like. The hydrogen sensor 13 is used in, for example, a sampling type, and several sampling pipes 14 installed on the roof C or the floor are connected. A
18は制御盤で、水素センサ13,起動弁7及びポンプ8が接続され、水素センサ13が水素設備2,3から水素の漏洩を検知した時、起動弁7を開放させると共に、ポンプ8を起動させ、水分発生装置5から水分を出すように制御する。
18 is a control panel to which the hydrogen sensor 13, the start valve 7 and the pump 8 are connected. When the hydrogen sensor 13 detects the leakage of hydrogen from the
次に本発明の動作について説明する。通常状態において、水素センサ13に取り付けられた吸引ポンプが起動しており、貯蔵タンク2や水素ディスペンサ3などの水素設備の近傍に設置された吸引口15から空気が吸引されている。吸引された空気は、サンプリング管14を介して水素センサ13に導かれており、水素センサ13は、水素設備2,3から水素が洩れていないかどうかを検知する。ここで水素センサ13が水素ガスの漏洩を検知すると、ガス漏れ信号を制御盤18に出力する。
Next, the operation of the present invention will be described. In a normal state, a suction pump attached to the hydrogen sensor 13 is activated, and air is sucked from a
制御盤18は、起動弁7を開放させる開弁信号を出力すると共に、ポンプ8に起動信号を出力する。こうしてポンプ8が起動して、水槽9の水がポンプ8及び起動弁7を介して配管10に供給され、全てのミストノズル6からミスト(微粒子状の水)が出される。ミストノズル6から噴出される水は、防護区域内全体に出され、あたかも水素ステーション全体を霧で包み込む。そして、放水されたミストから蒸気が発散することで、防護区域内の湿度が非常に高まる。 The control panel 18 outputs a valve opening signal for opening the start valve 7 and outputs a start signal to the pump 8. Thus, the pump 8 is activated, the water in the water tank 9 is supplied to the pipe 10 through the pump 8 and the activation valve 7, and mist (particulate water) is discharged from all the mist nozzles 6. The water ejected from the mist nozzle 6 is discharged throughout the protected area, as if wrapping the entire hydrogen station with fog. And the vapor | steam diverges from the discharged mist, and the humidity in a protection area increases very much.
このように水素ガスの漏洩時に、その漏洩した領域内の湿度を高めると、いくつかの相乗効果により燃焼爆発を抑制することができ、事故があっても災害を最小限に食い止める事が可能となる。すなわち防護区域内に、水分が有ると周囲の装置や壁に貯まっている電荷が水分が導電性であるためにリークしてアースに落ち、結果として装置や壁に電荷が貯まらずに火花が起きにくくなる。このため、主に静電気火花による着火現象で燃焼爆発を生ずる水素の爆発を防止することができる。 In this way, when hydrogen gas leaks, if the humidity in the leaked area is increased, combustion explosion can be suppressed by several synergistic effects, and even if there is an accident, it is possible to prevent disasters to a minimum. Become. In other words, if there is moisture in the protected area, the charge stored in the surrounding devices and walls leaks due to the conductivity of the water and falls to the ground, resulting in a spark that does not accumulate charges on the devices and walls. It becomes difficult. For this reason, it is possible to prevent an explosion of hydrogen that causes a combustion explosion mainly due to an ignition phenomenon caused by electrostatic sparks.
一方、着火した後は燃焼爆発は連鎖反応によって炎が広がり、結果として燃焼爆発が拡大する。しかし、連鎖反応を連続して起こすためには活性化された気体分子が衝突して他を活性化して、この事が連続して起こる必要がある。しかし、湿度が高く水分が有ると活性化した分子(ラジカルやイオン等)ができにくく、例えできたとしても、寿命が短くなり連鎖反応が起こりにくくなる。この結果燃焼爆発が連続して起こらず、結果として拡大することはない。 On the other hand, after ignition, the combustion explosion spreads through a chain reaction, resulting in an expansion of the combustion explosion. However, in order for chain reactions to occur continuously, activated gas molecules collide and activate others, and this must occur continuously. However, when the humidity is high and moisture is present, activated molecules (radicals, ions, etc.) are difficult to form, and even if they can be compared, the lifetime is shortened and chain reactions are unlikely to occur. As a result, the combustion explosion does not occur continuously, and as a result, it does not expand.
また、爆発現象等が起こったとしても威力が小さくなる。さらに水分子が多量に空気中に存在すると空気中の酸素の分圧が低下する。すなわち、酸化反応が起きにくくなる。 Even if an explosion occurs, the power is reduced. Further, when a large amount of water molecules are present in the air, the partial pressure of oxygen in the air is lowered. That is, the oxidation reaction is less likely to occur.
また、壁等や装置に水分子が吸着するために、表面酸素分子による酸化加速の影響が少なくなり、燃焼爆発が壁の存在によって加速されなくなる。以上の結果、装置やシステム全体に水や湿気を与える事により水素による燃焼爆発が起こりにくくなる、又起きたとしても威力が少なくなるという効果が得られる。このため、水素が漏洩したとしても、水素ガスによる爆発が起こりにくくなる。 In addition, since water molecules are adsorbed on the wall or the like or the apparatus, the influence of oxidation acceleration by surface oxygen molecules is reduced, and the combustion explosion is not accelerated by the presence of the walls. As a result of the above, by providing water and moisture to the entire apparatus and system, it is difficult to cause a combustion explosion due to hydrogen, and even if it occurs, the effect is reduced. For this reason, even if hydrogen leaks, explosion due to hydrogen gas is less likely to occur.
本実施形態においては、防護区域の湿度を高める水分発生装置として、消火装置に使用されるミストノズルを例に説明した。このミストノズルを使用することで、水素ガスの漏洩による爆発事故を防止できると共に、水素設備内の火災事故にも対処できる。なお、水分発生装置には、火災抑制用のドレンチャ設備、手動起動装置を備えた水噴霧消火設備、調湿装置など、防護区域の湿度を高められるものであれば何を使用してもよい。 In this embodiment, the mist nozzle used for a fire extinguishing apparatus was demonstrated to the example as a moisture generating apparatus which raises the humidity of a protection area. By using this mist nozzle, an explosion accident due to leakage of hydrogen gas can be prevented, and a fire accident in the hydrogen facility can be dealt with. As the moisture generation device, any device capable of increasing the humidity of the protection area, such as a fire prevention drainage facility, a water spray fire extinguishing facility equipped with a manual activation device, or a humidity control device may be used.
また、本実施形態においては、水素検知手段が水素設備から水素の漏洩をした時に、水分発生装置から水分を出すようにしたが、調湿装置のように、常時、又は周囲の湿度が低下した時に、水分発生装置から水分を出すようにしてもよい。 Further, in the present embodiment, when the hydrogen detector leaks hydrogen from the hydrogen facility, the moisture is discharged from the moisture generating device. However, like the humidity control device, the ambient humidity has been reduced at all times. Sometimes, moisture may be removed from the moisture generator.
1 水素ステーション、 2 貯蔵タンク、 3 水素ディスペンサ、
5 水分発生装置、 6 ミストノズル、 7 起動弁、 8 ポンプ、
9 水槽、 10 配管、 13 水素センサ、 14 サンプリング管、
15 吸引口、 18 制御盤、 C 屋根、 tt
1 hydrogen station, 2 storage tank, 3 hydrogen dispenser,
5 Moisture generator, 6 Mist nozzle, 7 Start valve, 8 Pump,
9 water tank, 10 piping, 13 hydrogen sensor, 14 sampling tube,
15 suction port, 18 control panel, C roof, tt
Claims (3)
前記防護区域の湿度を高める水分発生装置と、
前記防護区域に漏洩した水素ガスを検知する水素検知手段と、を設け、
前記水分発生装置は、前記水素ステーションを構成する屋根の下に設けられた配管に取り付けられた複数のミストノズルを有し、
前記水素検知手段が前記水素設備から水素の漏洩を検知した時、前記ミストノズルから前記防護区域全体にミストを出して、前記防護区域内の湿度を高めることを特徴とする防災設備。 In the disaster prevention facility of the hydrogen station where hydrogen facilities for storing or supplying hydrogen are provided in the protected area,
A moisture generator for increasing the humidity of the protected area;
A hydrogen detection means for detecting hydrogen gas leaked into the protected area; and
The moisture generation device has a plurality of mist nozzles attached to pipes provided under the roof constituting the hydrogen station,
When the hydrogen detection means detects leakage of hydrogen from the hydrogen facility, the mist nozzle emits mist from the mist nozzle to the entire protection area to increase the humidity in the protection area .
前記防護区域内の水素ガスを検知する水素センサと、
該水素センサに取り付けられ、前記水素設備の近傍に吸引口が設けられるサンプリング管と、
該サンプリング管の基端側に設けられ、前記吸引口から空気を吸引する吸引ポンプと、
から構成されることを特徴とする請求項1記載の防災設備。 The hydrogen detection means includes
A hydrogen sensor for detecting hydrogen gas in the protected area;
A sampling tube attached to the hydrogen sensor and provided with a suction port in the vicinity of the hydrogen facility;
A suction pump provided on the proximal end side of the sampling tube and sucking air from the suction port;
Prevention equipment according to claim 1, wherein the composed.
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JP2010148668A (en) * | 2008-12-25 | 2010-07-08 | Shimizu Corp | Hydrogen combustion control system |
JP6430780B2 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2018-11-28 | ホーチキ株式会社 | Disaster prevention equipment for hybrid stations |
CN105013122A (en) * | 2015-07-10 | 2015-11-04 | 常州市南飞机械有限公司 | Fire self-spraying control system and self-spraying method |
JP6514992B2 (en) * | 2015-08-20 | 2019-05-15 | ホーチキ株式会社 | Disaster prevention equipment of hydrogen station |
JP7320395B2 (en) | 2019-07-03 | 2023-08-03 | ホーチキ株式会社 | Disaster prevention equipment for hydrogen stations |
JP7212740B2 (en) * | 2020-10-14 | 2023-01-25 | ホーチキ株式会社 | Protective wall device and hydrogen station |
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JPS60248462A (en) * | 1984-05-21 | 1985-12-09 | Tokyo Tatsuno Co Ltd | Gasoline service station |
JPH0724800U (en) * | 1993-10-14 | 1995-05-12 | 株式会社サイサン | Gas supply stand |
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