JP4629571B2 - Microwave circuit - Google Patents

Description

  The present invention relates to a microwave circuit that is used in an antenna device and a microwave device and has a band gap that prevents propagation of electromagnetic waves in a specific frequency band.

  Conventionally, a transmission line having a band gap is known that uses a structure called a left-handed medium (see, for example, Non-Patent Document 1). The left-handed medium is a medium whose dielectric constant and magnetic permeability are equivalently negative in a certain frequency band, and as a result, a backward wave whose phase velocity and group velocity are opposite to each other propagates.

  Here, the left-handed transmission line can be realized by taking a structure in which a series element capacitor and a parallel element inductor are periodically arranged. However, when a left-handed transmission line is actually constructed, a parasitic inductance is generated in the series element and a parasitic capacitance is generated in the parallel element, and the phase velocity and the group velocity are in phase and the traveling wave propagates. Combined right / left-handed transmission line.

  FIG. 20 is a diagram illustrating a top surface of a conventional microwave circuit. 20 is a diagram showing a composite right / left-handed transmission line described in Non-Patent Document 1. In FIG. The composite right / left-handed transmission line shown in FIG. 20 includes a substrate 1, an interdigital capacitor 2, a stub inductor 3, a through hole 4, a ground plane 5 (not shown), an input terminal 6, and an output terminal. 7. The substrate 1 includes a dielectric, and an interdigital capacitor 2 and a stub inductor 3 are formed on the surface of the substrate. A base plate 5 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 1. The composite right / left-handed transmission line is configured by periodically arranging circuits having an interdigital capacitor 2 as a series element and a stub inductor 3 as a parallel element. However, as described above, a parasitic inductance is generated in the series element, and a parasitic capacitance is generated in the parallel element. As a result, a composite right-hand / left-handed transmission line having both right-handed and left-handed characteristics is formed, and a band gap is formed in which the phase change becomes zero in the frequency band where the left-handed characteristics shift to the right-handed characteristics.

Atsushi Sanada, Christophe Caloz and Tatsuo Itoh “Characteristics of the Composite Right / Left-Handed Transmission Lines” IEEE Microwave and Wireless Components Letters, Vol. 14, No. 2, February 2004

  However, in the conventional composite right / left-handed transmission line, the band gap generated in the frequency band transitioning from the left-handed characteristic to the right-handed characteristic is the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 and the stub inductor 3. Depends on inductance. The conventional composite right / left-handed transmission line has a problem that the band gap of the band gap is narrow because the unit cells composed of the same interdigital capacitor 2 and stub inductor 3 are periodically arranged.

  The present invention has been made to solve the above-described problems, and an object thereof is a microwave circuit capable of blocking a specific wide frequency band and reliably transmitting other frequency components. Is what you get.

In the microwave circuit according to the present invention, a plurality of unit cells are electrically connected in series between an input terminal and an output terminal, and the unit cell includes a first capacitor or a first capacitor and a second inductor. A microwave circuit having a serial circuit configured as a serial element and a parallel circuit including a first inductor or a first inductor and a second capacitor as a parallel element, wherein the inductance of the first inductor is , at least 2 or more same, the capacitance of the first capacitor is gradually changed for each unit cell, the first change amount [Delta] C _L of the capacitance of the capacitor of an adjacent unit cell, a capacitance determined by the transition frequency characteristic from left-handed to right-handed transitions C _L, a capacitance determined by the lower end frequency of the band gap C _L ', of the unit cell The when the N, in which expressed as equation (9).

  The microwave circuit according to the present invention is a unit cell composed of a capacitor and an inductor, and is configured by electrically connecting cells in which the capacitance of the capacitor or the inductance of the inductor is gradually changed. There is an effect that the band gap generated in the frequency band that transitions from the right-handed characteristic to the right-handed characteristic can be widened.

Embodiment 1 FIG.
A microwave circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 is a diagram showing a top surface of a microwave circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Moreover, FIG. 2 is a figure which shows the cross section of the microwave circuit based on Embodiment 1 of this invention. In the following, in each figure, the same reference numerals indicate the same or corresponding parts.

  1 and 2, the illustrated microwave circuit shows an example of a composite right / left-handed transmission line. The microwave circuit according to the first embodiment includes a substrate 1, an interdigital capacitor 2, a stub inductor 3, a through hole 4, a ground plane 5, an input terminal 6, and an output terminal 7. .

  The substrate 1 includes a dielectric, and an interdigital capacitor 2 and a stub inductor 3 are formed on the surface of the substrate. A base plate 5 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 1. The interdigital capacitor 2 formed on the surface of the substrate 1 is composed of at least two electrodes and operates as a capacitor. The stub inductor 3 is connected to the ground plane 5 through the through hole 4 and operates as an inductor.

  On the surface of the substrate 1, the interdigital capacitor 2 and the stub inductor 3 are connected with the interdigital capacitor 2 as a series element and the stub inductor 3 as a parallel element to constitute a unit cell. A plurality of unit cells are arranged on the surface of the substrate 1. Each cell is electrically connected, and an input terminal 6 and an output terminal 7 are connected to both ends thereof to constitute a microwave circuit.

  Further, the interdigital capacitor 2 formed on the surface of the substrate 1 is different in electrostatic capacity from the interdigital capacitor 2 of adjacent cells, and the interdigital capacitor 2 in each cell arranged between the input terminal 6 and the output terminal 7 is different. The electrostatic capacitance of the digital capacitor 2 is gradually changing.

  Next, the operation of the microwave circuit according to the first embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings. FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of a unit cell in a dotted line portion of the transmission line shown in FIG. FIG. 4 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit of the microwave circuit according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention. FIG. 5 is a diagram showing the relationship between the phase constant and the frequency of the microwave circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention.

3 and FIG. 4, C _L interdigital capacitor (first capacitor) 2 of the capacitance, L _L stub inductor (first inductor) 3 of the inductance, C _R is the parasitic electrostatic occurring in parallel elements Capacitance (second capacitor), _LR is a parasitic inductance (second inductor) generated in the series element.

  The unit cell of the microwave circuit according to the first embodiment has an interdigital capacitor 2 as a capacitor as a series element and a stub inductor 3 as an inductor as a parallel element. Inductance and parasitic capacitance occurs in the parallel elements. Accordingly, the equivalent circuit of the unit cell indicated by the dotted line in FIG. 1 is the circuit shown in FIG. 3, where the series element is a series circuit of an inductor and a capacitor, and the parallel element is a parallel circuit of an inductor and a capacitor. The number of unit cells is set according to the microwave circuit characteristics to be obtained.

  In general, the propagation constant γ of a microwave circuit such as a transmission line can be expressed by the following equation (1).

  Here, α is an attenuation constant, β is a phase constant, and Z and Y are impedance and admittance in the circuit, respectively. Therefore, when the frequency is f, the impedance Z and admittance Y of the unit cell in FIG. 3 can be expressed by the following equations (2) and (3), respectively.

  Therefore, the dispersion relational expressions in the unit cell of FIG. 3 are the following expressions (4) and (5).

The phase constant β is a real number or a pure imaginary number depending on whether the square root is positive or negative. In the frequency range in which the phase constant β is a real number, γ = jβ, so that it becomes a pass band, and in the frequency range in which the phase constant β is a pure imaginary number, γ = β, so that it becomes a cut-off area, resulting in a band gap. For example, when C _R = 1 [pF], C _L = 2 [pF], L _R = 1 [pF], and L _L = 0.55 [nF], the relationship between the phase constant β and the frequency f is as shown in FIG. Thus, a cut-off region is generated in the vicinity of the frequency 4 [GHz] to 7 [GHz], and a band gap is generated. At this time, the left-handed characteristic is dominant in a frequency region lower than the band gap, and the right-handed characteristic is dominant in a frequency region higher than the band gap.

Here, the characteristic changes from left-handed to right-handed at the center frequency of the band gap. If that frequency is defined as a transition frequency, this transition frequency f ₀ can be determined by equation (6). Further, the lower end frequency f _gl of the band gap can be determined by Expression (7), and the upper end frequency f _gh of the band gap can be determined by Expression (8).

Next, the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 in each cell will be described. The capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 can be determined from the transition frequency f ₀ , the lower end frequency f _{gl of} the band gap, and the upper end frequency f _gh .

Inductance capacitance and stub inductor 3 interdigital capacitor 2 of each cell is determined from the transition frequency f _0. From Equation (6), C _L , L _L , C _R , and L _R are determined so that the transition frequency f ₀ becomes a desired frequency. Next, the lower end frequency f _gl of the band gap is set to a desired frequency. And C _L determined from the transition frequency, newly determines the C _L according to equation (7) from the lower end frequency f _gl desired band gap, which is referred to as C _{L '.}

Next, the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 constituting the connected unit cells to the input terminal 6 and C _L, the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 constituting the connected unit cells to an output terminal 7 C _{Let L} ′. The capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 between the interdigital capacitor 2 connected to the input terminal 6 and the unit cell connected to the output terminal 7 is between C _L and C _L ′ as it approaches the output terminal 7. Set to change gradually.

Variation [Delta] C _L of the electrostatic capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 between adjacent cells, when the number of cells constituting the microwave circuit and N, the following equation (9).

Therefore, since the number of cells is 5 in the microwave circuit of FIG. 1, the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 is C _L , C _L + ΔC _L , C _L + 2ΔC _L , C in order from the input terminal side 6. _L + 3ΔC _L , C _L ′.

  Here, the effect of this Embodiment 1 is demonstrated using FIG.6 and FIG.7. FIG. 6 is a diagram showing an example of pass characteristic calculation results of the microwave circuit according to the first embodiment of the present invention and the conventional example. In FIG. 6, the transmission characteristic calculation result 8 of the microwave circuit according to the first embodiment and the transmission characteristic calculation result 9 of the microwave circuit in which the same cells of the conventional example are arranged are illustrated.

  FIG. 7 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit used in the calculation of FIG. In FIG. 7, an equivalent circuit 10 that obtains the pass characteristic calculation result 8 and an equivalent circuit 11 that obtains the pass characteristic calculation result 9 are illustrated, and the number of cells is 16 in both cases.

  In FIG. 6, when the pass characteristic calculation result 8 of the first embodiment and the pass characteristic calculation result 9 of the conventional example are compared, the pass gap calculation result 8 of the first embodiment has a band gap generated at a frequency of 4 GHz. Thus, the effect of the first embodiment can be confirmed.

  As described above, in the first embodiment, the band gap can be widened by gradually changing the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 from the input terminal 6 to the output terminal 7. is there.

In the above description, connecting the interdigital capacitor 2 the capacitance becomes C _L to the input terminal 6, connected interdigital capacitor 2 the capacitance becomes C _{L 'to} the output terminal 7, and the input terminal 6 Although the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 between the output terminals 7 was gradually changed, the interdigital capacitor 2 having the capacitance C _L ′ was connected to the input terminal 6 and the capacitance was connected to the output terminal 7. There connect the interdigital capacitor 2 as a C _L, be gradually change the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 between the input terminal 6 output terminal 7, it is possible to obtain the same effect.

  In the first embodiment, an interdigital capacitor 2 is used as a series element. Since the interdigital capacitor 2 can adjust the capacitance by changing the electrode structure or the number of electrodes, it is easy to obtain a desired capacitance. Therefore, gradually changing the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 can be realized by gradually changing the electrode structure or the number of electrodes.

  In order to gradually change the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2, in addition to changing the electrode structure or the number of electrodes of the interdigital capacitor, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate 1 immediately below the interdigital capacitor is set for each cell. It may be changed gradually to obtain a desired capacitance.

  In the first embodiment, the interdigital capacitor 2 is used for the series element and the stub inductor 3 is used for the parallel element. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the same effect can be obtained by configuring a microwave circuit with a chip capacitor as a series element and a chip coil as a parallel element.

Embodiment 2. FIG.
A microwave circuit according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 8 is a diagram showing an upper surface of the microwave circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention.

  In FIG. 8, the illustrated microwave circuit shows an example of a composite right / left-handed transmission line. A microwave circuit according to a second embodiment of the present invention includes a substrate 1, an interdigital capacitor 2, a stub inductor 3, a through hole 4, a ground plane 5 (not shown), an input terminal 6, and an output terminal. 7 is provided.

  The substrate 1 includes a dielectric, and an interdigital capacitor 2 and a stub inductor 3 are formed on the surface of the substrate. A base plate 5 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 1. The interdigital capacitor 2 formed on the surface of the substrate 1 is composed of at least two electrodes and operates as a capacitor. The stub inductor 3 is connected to the ground plane 5 through the through hole 4 and operates as an inductor.

  On the surface of the substrate 1, the interdigital capacitor 2 and the stub inductor 3 are connected with the interdigital capacitor 2 as a series element and the stub inductor 3 as a parallel element to constitute a unit cell. A plurality of unit cells are arranged on the surface of the substrate 1. Each cell is electrically connected, and an input terminal 6 and an output terminal 7 are connected to both ends thereof to constitute a microwave circuit.

  The capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 in each cell of the series element gradually increases from the input terminal 6 side, gradually decreases from the cell in the center of the transmission line, and is connected to the input terminal 6. The capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 of the cell and the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 of the cell connected to the output terminal 7 are the same.

  Next, the operation of the microwave circuit according to the second embodiment will be described with reference to the drawings.

Since the operation principle of the second embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, description thereof is omitted here. Variation [Delta] C _L of the electrostatic capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 between adjacent cells, when the number of cells constituting the microwave circuit and N, the following equation (10).

Accordingly, the electrostatic capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 of the microwave circuit of FIG. 8 is C _L , C _L + ΔC _L , C _L ′, C _L + ΔC _L , C _{L in} order from the input terminal side 6.

  In the second embodiment, the band gap can be widened by gradually changing the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 from the input terminal 6 to the output terminal 7. Further, since the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 of the cell connected to the input terminal 6 and the cell connected to the output terminal 7 are the same, the characteristic impedance of the cell becomes equal, A microwave circuit having good impedance matching with an external circuit can be obtained.

  Here, the effect of the second embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 9 and 10. FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an example of pass characteristic calculation results of the microwave circuit according to the second embodiment of the present invention and the conventional example. FIG. 9 shows a transmission characteristic calculation result 12 of the transmission line according to the second embodiment and a transmission characteristic calculation result 9 of the transmission line in which the same cells of the conventional example are arranged. FIG. 10 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit used in the calculation of FIG. In FIG. 10, an equivalent circuit 13 for obtaining the pass characteristic calculation result 12 of the second embodiment is shown, and the number of unit cells is 16.

  Comparing the pass characteristic calculation result 12 of the second embodiment and the pass characteristic calculation result 9 of the conventional example, the pass characteristic calculation result 12 of the second embodiment has a wider band gap with a frequency of 4 GHz. Thus, the effect of the second embodiment can be confirmed.

  In the second embodiment, an interdigital capacitor 2 is used as a series element. Since the interdigital capacitor 2 can adjust the capacitance by changing the electrode structure or the number of electrodes, it is easy to obtain a desired capacitance. Therefore, gradually changing the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 can be realized by gradually changing the electrode structure or the number of electrodes.

  In order to gradually change the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2, in addition to changing the structure of the interdigital capacitor or the number of electrodes, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate 1 immediately below the interdigital capacitor is gradually changed for each cell. It may be changed to obtain a desired capacity.

  In the second embodiment, the interdigital capacitor 2 is used as the series element and the stub inductor 3 is used as the parallel element. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the same effect can be obtained by configuring a microwave circuit with a chip capacitor as a serial element and a chip coil as a parallel element.

    In the second embodiment, the capacitor of the interdigital capacitor 2 is gradually increased from the input terminal 6 side, and gradually decreased from the central cell of the circuit formed by connecting a plurality of cells. Although the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 of the connected cell and the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 of the cell connected to the output terminal 7 are the same, the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 is the same. The capacitance is gradually decreased from the input terminal 6 side and increased from the cell in the center of the circuit, and the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 of the cell connected to the input terminal 6 and the cell connected to the output terminal 7 are increased. Even if the interdigital capacitors 2 have the same capacitance, the same effect can be obtained.

In the case of the modification of the second embodiment, the configuration is as shown in FIG. 11, and the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 of each cell constituting the microwave circuit is, in order from the input terminal 6 side, C _L ′. , C _L + ΔC _L , C _L , C _L + ΔC _L , C _L ′.

In the second embodiment, the number of cells has been described as an odd number. However, when the number of cells is an even number, the static capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 in the two cells at the center of the circuit as shown in the equivalent circuit of FIG. What is necessary is just to make electric capacity the same. That is, in the case of the second embodiment, in order from the input terminal 6 side, C _L , C _L + ΔC _L , C _L ′, C _L ′, C _L + ΔC _L , C _L , or C _L ′, C _L + ΔC _L , C _L , C _L , C _L + ΔC _L , C _L ′.

Embodiment 3 FIG.
A microwave circuit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the top surface of the microwave circuit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a cross section of the microwave circuit according to Embodiment 3 of the present invention.

  12 and 13, the illustrated microwave circuit shows an example of a composite right / left-handed transmission line. The microwave circuit according to the third embodiment is provided with a substrate 1, an interdigital capacitor 2, a stub inductor 3, a through hole 4, a ground plane 5, an input terminal 6, and an output terminal 7. .

  The substrate 1 includes a dielectric, and an interdigital capacitor 2 and a stub inductor 3 are formed on the surface of the substrate. A base plate 5 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 1. The interdigital capacitor 2 formed on the surface of the substrate 1 is composed of at least two electrodes and operates as a capacitor. The stub inductor 3 is connected to the ground plane 5 through the through hole 4 and operates as an inductor.

  On the surface of the substrate 1, the interdigital capacitor 2 and the stub inductor 3 are connected with the interdigital capacitor 2 as a series element and the stub inductor 3 as a parallel element to constitute a unit cell. A plurality of unit cells are arranged on the surface of the substrate 1. Each cell is electrically connected, and an input terminal 6 and an output terminal 7 are connected to both ends thereof to constitute a microwave circuit.

  Further, the stub inductor 3 formed on the surface of the substrate 1 has a different inductance from the stub inductors 3 of adjacent cells, and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 in each cell arranged between the input terminal 6 and the output terminal 7. Is gradually changing.

  Since the operation principle of the microwave circuit according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, the description thereof is omitted here. Further, the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 in each cell can be determined in the same manner as in the first embodiment. Hereinafter, the determination method will be described.

The capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 can be determined from the transition frequency f ₀ , the band gap lower end frequency f _gl , and the band gap upper end frequency f _gh . Inductance capacitance and stub inductor 3 interdigital capacitor 2 of each cell is determined from the transition frequency f _0.

Since the equivalent circuit of the microwave circuit according to the third embodiment is the same as that of the first embodiment, FIG. 3 is used again. From Equation (6), C _L , L _L , C _R , and L _R are determined so that the transition frequency f ₀ becomes a desired frequency. Next, the upper end frequency f _gh of the band gap is set to a desired frequency. From L _L determined from the transition frequency f ₀ and the upper end frequency f _gh of the desired band gap, a new determination is made according to the equation (8), which is L _L ′.

Next, let L _L be the inductance of the stub inductor 3 constituting the cell connected to the input terminal 6, and let L _L ′ be the inductance of the stub inductor 3 constituting the cell connected to the output terminal 7. The inductance of the cell stub inductor 3 between the cell stub inductor 3 connected to the input terminal 6 and the output terminal 7 is set so as to gradually change between L _L and L _L ′ as the output terminal 7 is approached. To do.

The amount of change ΔL _{L in} the inductance of the stub inductor 3 between adjacent cells is expressed by the following equation (11), where N is the number of unit cells constituting the microwave circuit.

Accordingly, the inductances of the stub inductor 3 of the microwave circuit of FIG. 12 are L _L , L _L + ΔL _L , L _L + 2ΔL _L , L _L + 3ΔL _L , and L _L ′ in this order from the input terminal 6 side.

  Here, the effect of the third embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 14 and 15. FIG. 14 is a diagram illustrating an example of pass characteristic calculation results of the microwave circuit according to the third embodiment of the present invention and the conventional example. In FIG. 14, the transmission characteristic calculation result 14 of the microwave circuit of the third embodiment and the transmission characteristic calculation result 9 of the microwave circuit in which the same cells of the conventional example are arranged are illustrated. FIG. 15 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit used in the calculation of FIG. In FIG. 15, an equivalent circuit 15 for obtaining the pass characteristic calculation result 14 is shown. The number of cells is 16.

  Comparing the pass characteristic calculation result 14 of the third embodiment and the pass characteristic calculation result 9 of the conventional example, the pass characteristic calculation result 14 of the third embodiment has a wider band gap generated at a frequency of 4 GHz. Thus, the effect of the third embodiment can be confirmed.

  As described above, in the third embodiment, it is possible to increase the band gap by gradually changing the inductance of the stub inductor 3 from the input terminal 6 to the output terminal 7.

In the above description, connects the stub inductor 3 inductance is L _L to the input terminal 6, inductance connects the stub inductor 3 to be L _{L 'to} the output terminal 7, the stub between the input terminal 6 Output terminal 7 While the inductance of the inductor 3 was gradually changed to connect the stub inductor 3 inductance input terminal 6 is L _{L ',} inductance connects the stub inductor 3 which becomes L _L to the output terminal 7, an input terminal Even if the inductance of the stub inductor 3 between 6 and the output terminal 7 is gradually changed, the same effect can be obtained.

  In the third embodiment, a stub inductor 3 is used as a parallel element. Since the inductance of the stub inductor 3 can be adjusted by changing the length, shape, and position of the through hole of the stub, it is easy to obtain a desired inductance. Therefore, gradually changing the inductance of the stub inductor 3 can be realized by gradually changing the length, shape, or position of the through hole of the stub.

  In order to gradually change the inductance of the stub inductor 3, in addition to changing the length, shape, or position of the through hole of the stub inductor 3, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate 1 immediately below the stub inductor 3 is gradually changed for each cell. It may be changed to obtain a desired inductance.

  In the third embodiment, the interdigital capacitor 2 is used as the series element and the stub inductor 3 is used as the parallel element. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the same effect can be obtained by configuring a microwave circuit with a chip capacitor as a series element and a chip coil as a parallel element.

Embodiment 4 FIG.
A microwave circuit according to Embodiment 4 of the present invention will be described with reference to FIGS. FIG. 16 is a diagram showing an upper surface of the microwave circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention.

  16, the microwave circuit according to the fourth embodiment includes a substrate 1, an interdigital capacitor 2, a stub inductor 3, a through hole 4, a ground plane 5 (not shown), an input terminal 6, An output terminal 7 is provided.

  The substrate 1 includes a dielectric, and an interdigital capacitor 2 and a stub inductor 3 are formed on the surface of the substrate. A base plate 5 is formed on the back surface of the substrate 1. The interdigital capacitor 2 formed on the surface of the substrate 1 is composed of at least two electrodes and operates as a capacitor. The stub inductor 3 is connected to the ground plane 5 through the through hole 4 and operates as an inductor.

  On the surface of the substrate 1, the interdigital capacitor 2 and the stub inductor 3 are connected with the interdigital capacitor 2 as a series element and the stub inductor 3 as a parallel element to constitute a unit cell. A plurality of unit cells are arranged on the surface of the substrate 1. Each cell is electrically connected, and an input terminal 6 and an output terminal 7 are connected to both ends thereof to constitute a microwave circuit.

  In addition, the inductance of the stub inductor 3 of each cell of the parallel element gradually decreases from the input terminal 6 side, gradually increases from the cell in the center of the circuit, and the stub of the cell connected to the input terminal 6 The inductance of the inductor 3 and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 of the cell connected to the output terminal 7 are the same.

The amount of change in inductance ΔL _L of the stub inductor 3 between adjacent cells is expressed by the following equation (12), where N is the number of unit cells constituting the microwave circuit.

Therefore, the inductance of the stub inductor 3 of the microwave circuit of FIG. 16 is L _L , L _L + ΔL _L , L _L ′, L _L + ΔL _L , and L _{L in} order from the input terminal side 6.

  In the fourth embodiment, it is possible to increase the band gap by gradually changing the inductance of the stub inductor 3 from the input terminal 6 to the output terminal 7. Further, since the capacitance of the interdigital capacitor 2 and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 of the cell connected to the input terminal 6 and the cell connected to the output terminal 7 are the same, the characteristic impedance of the cell becomes equal, and the external circuit A microwave circuit with good impedance matching can be obtained.

  Here, the effect of the fourth embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 17 and 18. FIG. 17 is a diagram showing an example of pass characteristic calculation results of the microwave circuit according to the fourth embodiment of the present invention and the conventional example. FIG. 17 shows a transmission characteristic calculation result 16 of the microwave circuit of the fourth embodiment and a transmission characteristic calculation result 9 of a transmission line in which the same cells of the conventional example are arranged. FIG. 18 is a diagram showing an equivalent circuit used in the calculation of FIG. FIG. 18 shows an equivalent circuit 17 that obtains the pass characteristic calculation result 16 of the fourth embodiment. The number of cells is 16.

  Comparing the pass characteristic calculation result 16 of the fourth embodiment with the pass characteristic calculation result 9 of the conventional example, the pass characteristic calculation result 16 of the fourth embodiment has a wider band gap generated at a frequency of 4 GHz. Thus, the effect of the fourth embodiment can be confirmed.

  In the fourth embodiment, the stub inductor 3 is used as the parallel element. Since the inductance of the stub inductor 3 can be adjusted by changing the length, shape, or position of the through hole of the stub, it is easy to obtain a desired inductance. Therefore, gradually changing the inductance of the stub inductor 3 can be realized by gradually changing the length, shape, or position of the through hole of the stub.

  In order to gradually change the inductance of the stub inductor 3, in addition to changing the stub length, shape or the position of the through hole of the stub inductor 3, the relative dielectric constant of the substrate 1 immediately below the stub inductor 3 is changed to a cell. The desired inductance may be obtained by gradually changing each time.

  In the fourth embodiment, the interdigital capacitor 2 is used as the series element and the stub inductor 3 is used as the parallel element. However, the present invention is not limited to this. For example, the same effect can be obtained by configuring a microwave circuit with a chip capacitor as a series element and a chip coil as a parallel element.

  In the fourth embodiment, the inductance of the stub inductor 3 is gradually decreased from the input terminal 6 side and gradually increased from the cell in the center of the circuit, and the stub inductor 3 of the cell connected to the input terminal 6 is increased. The inductance and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 of the cell connected to the output terminal 7 are configured to be the same, but the inductance of the stub inductor 3 is gradually increased from the input terminal 6 side, and from the cell at the center of the circuit The same effect can be obtained even if the inductance of the stub inductor 3 of the cell connected to the input terminal 6 and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 of the cell connected to the output terminal 7 are made to be the same. It is done.

In the case of the modification of the above-described fourth embodiment, the circuit configuration is as shown in FIG. 19, and the inductance of the stub inductor 3 of each cell constituting the circuit is L _L ′, L _{L in} order from the input terminal 6 side. + ΔL _L , L _L , L _L + ΔL _L , L _L ′.

In the fourth embodiment, the odd number of cells has been described. However, when the number of cells is even, the inductances of the stub inductors 3 of the two cells at the center of the circuit are the same as in the equivalent circuit of FIG. And it is sufficient. That is, in the case of the fourth embodiment, in order from the input terminal 6 side, L _L , L _L + ΔL _L , L _L ′, L _L ′, L _L + ΔL _L , L _L , or L _L ′, L _L + ΔL _L , L _L , L _L , L _L + ΔL _L , L _L ′.

  As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to obtain a microwave circuit having a wide band gap in a frequency band that transitions from a left-handed characteristic to a right-handed characteristic. In addition, a microwave circuit having good impedance matching with respect to an external circuit can be obtained.

  A preferable application example of the present invention is a circuit element used in a satellite communication device, a mobile communication device, a wireless communication device, a high-frequency communication device, or the above base station, and includes a circuit board, a resonator, an oscillator, a direction Sex couplers, branch paths, filters, duplexers, or composite circuits thereof.

It is a figure which shows the upper surface of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the cross section of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit of the unit cell of the dotted-line part of the transmission line shown in FIG. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the relationship between the phase constant and frequency of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the passage characteristic calculation result of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention, and a prior art example. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit used for the calculation of FIG. It is a figure which shows the upper surface of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the passage characteristic calculation result of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention, and a prior art example. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit used for the calculation of FIG. It is a figure which shows the upper surface of the modification of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the upper surface of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the cross section of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the passage characteristic calculation result of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 3 of this invention, and a prior art example. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit used for the calculation of FIG. It is a figure which shows the upper surface of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the example of the passage characteristic calculation result of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention, and a prior art example. It is a figure which shows the equivalent circuit used for the calculation of FIG. It is a figure which shows the upper surface of the modification of the microwave circuit which concerns on Embodiment 4 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the upper surface of the conventional microwave circuit.

Explanation of symbols

  1 substrate, 2 interdigital capacitor, 3 stub inductor, 4 through hole, 5 ground plane, 6 input terminal, 7 output terminal.

Claims (11)

A plurality of unit cells are electrically connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal, and the unit cell includes a first capacitor or a series circuit including a first capacitor and a second inductor as a series element. A microwave circuit having a parallel circuit composed of the first inductor or the first inductor and the second capacitor as parallel elements,
The inductance of the first inductor is at least two or more the same,
The capacitance of the first capacitor is gradually changing for each unit cell ,
Variation [Delta] C _L of the capacitance of the first capacitor of an adjacent unit cell,
The capacitance determined by the transition frequency at which the characteristic transitions from the left-handed system to the right-handed system is C _L ,
The capacitance determined from the lower end frequency of the band gap is defined as C _L ′,
When the number of unit cells is N,

Microwave circuit, characterized in that expressed as. The microwave circuit according to claim 1, wherein the capacitance of the first capacitor gradually increases from the input terminal side and becomes maximum at the output terminal side. 2. The microwave circuit according to claim 1, wherein the capacitance of the first capacitor gradually decreases from the input terminal side and is minimized on the output terminal side. A plurality of unit cells are electrically connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal, and the unit cell includes a first capacitor or a series circuit including a first capacitor and a second inductor as a series element. A microwave circuit having a parallel circuit composed of the first inductor or the first inductor and the second capacitor as parallel elements,
The inductance of the first inductor is at least two or more the same,
The capacitance of the first capacitor is gradually changing for each unit cell,
The capacitance of the first capacitor gradually increases from the input terminal side, becomes maximum at the center between the input terminal and the output terminal, and gradually decreases toward the output terminal side. breath,
Ri first capacitance are the same der of the first capacitor of the capacitance and the connection to the output terminal to the unit cell of a capacitor connected to the unit cell to the input terminal,
Variation [Delta] C _L of the capacitance of the first capacitor of an adjacent unit cell,
The capacitance determined by the transition frequency at which the characteristic transitions from the left-handed system to the right-handed system is C _L ,
The capacitance determined from the lower end frequency of the band gap is defined as C _L ′,
When the number of unit cells is N,

Characterized in that expressed as a to luma microwave circuit. A plurality of unit cells are electrically connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal, and the unit cell includes a first capacitor or a series circuit including a first capacitor and a second inductor as a series element. A microwave circuit having a parallel circuit composed of the first inductor or the first inductor and the second capacitor as parallel elements,
The inductance of the first inductor is at least two or more the same,
The capacitance of the first capacitor is gradually changing for each unit cell,
The capacitance of the first capacitor gradually decreases from the input terminal side, becomes minimum at the center between the input terminal and the output terminal, and gradually increases toward the output terminal side. breath,
Ri first capacitance are the same der of the first capacitor of the capacitance and the connection to the output terminal to the unit cell of a capacitor connected to the unit cell to the input terminal,
Variation [Delta] C _L of the capacitance of the first capacitor of an adjacent unit cell,
The capacitance determined by the transition frequency at which the characteristic transitions from the left-handed system to the right-handed system is C _L ,
The capacitance determined from the lower end frequency of the band gap is defined as C _L ′,
When the number of unit cells is N,

Characterized in that expressed as a to luma microwave circuit. A plurality of unit cells are electrically connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal, and the unit cell includes a first capacitor or a series circuit including a first capacitor and a second inductor as a series element. A microwave circuit having a parallel circuit composed of the first inductor or the first inductor and the second capacitor as parallel elements,
The capacitance of the first capacitor is equal to at least 2 or more,
The inductance of the first inductor is gradually changed for each unit cell,
The amount of change ΔL _{L in} the inductance of the first inductor of the adjacent unit cell is
The inductance determined from the transition frequency at which the characteristic transitions from the left-handed system to the right-handed system is L _L ,
The inductance determined from the upper end frequency of the band gap is L _L ',
When the number of unit cells is N,

Characterized in that expressed as a to luma microwave circuit. The microwave circuit according to claim 6 , wherein the inductance of the first inductor gradually decreases from the input terminal side and becomes minimum on the output terminal side . The microwave circuit according to claim 6 , wherein the inductance of the first inductor gradually increases from the input terminal side and becomes maximum on the output terminal side . A plurality of unit cells are electrically connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal, and the unit cell includes a first capacitor or a series circuit including a first capacitor and a second inductor as a series element. A microwave circuit having a parallel circuit composed of the first inductor or the first inductor and the second capacitor as parallel elements,
The capacitance of the first capacitor is equal to at least 2 or more,
The inductance of the first inductor is gradually changed for each unit cell,
The inductance of the first inductor gradually decreases from the input terminal side, becomes minimum at the center between the input terminal and the output terminal, and gradually increases toward the output terminal side,
The inductance of the first inductor of the unit cell connected to the input terminal is the same as the inductance of the first inductor of the unit cell connected to the output terminal;
The amount of change ΔL _{L in} the inductance of the first inductor of the adjacent unit cell is
The inductance determined from the transition frequency at which the characteristic transitions from the left-handed system to the right-handed system is L _L ,
The inductance determined from the upper end frequency of the band gap is L _L ',
When the number of unit cells is N,

Characterized in that expressed as a to luma microwave circuit. A plurality of unit cells are electrically connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal, and the unit cell includes a first capacitor or a series circuit including a first capacitor and a second inductor as a series element. A microwave circuit having a parallel circuit composed of the first inductor or the first inductor and the second capacitor as parallel elements,
The capacitance of the first capacitor is equal to at least 2 or more,
The inductance of the first inductor is gradually changed for each unit cell,
The inductance of the first inductor gradually increases from the input terminal side, becomes maximum at the center between the input terminal and the output terminal, and gradually decreases toward the output terminal side,
The inductance of the first inductor of the unit cell connected to the input terminal is the same as the inductance of the first inductor of the unit cell connected to the output terminal;
The amount of change ΔL _{L in} the inductance of the first inductor of the adjacent unit cell is
The inductance determined from the transition frequency at which the characteristic transitions from the left-handed system to the right-handed system is L _L ,
The inductance determined from the upper end frequency of the band gap is L _L ',
When the number of unit cells is N,

Characterized in that expressed as a to luma microwave circuit. The first capacitor is an interdigital capacitor;
The microwave circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10 , wherein the first inductor is a stub inductor .

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