JP4040204B2 - Oil composition - Google Patents

Oil composition Download PDF

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Publication number
JP4040204B2
JP4040204B2 JP10314099A JP10314099A JP4040204B2 JP 4040204 B2 JP4040204 B2 JP 4040204B2 JP 10314099 A JP10314099 A JP 10314099A JP 10314099 A JP10314099 A JP 10314099A JP 4040204 B2 JP4040204 B2 JP 4040204B2
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Japan
Prior art keywords
oil
fatty acid
monoester
fat
acid
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JP10314099A
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Japanese (ja)
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JP2000290681A (en
Inventor
淳一 生稲
敏 田代
丈志 長沢
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Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd
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Nisshin Oillio Group Ltd
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Description

【0001】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は汎用食用油に用いられる油脂組成物に関する。さらに詳しくは脂肪酸とグリセリン、ジグリセリンのモノエステルを含有する、調理時適性の優れた油脂組成物に関する。
【0002】
【従来の技術】
フライ調理、炒め調理などに用いられる加熱調理用油脂として、従来から大豆油、菜種油、コーン油、綿実油、米糠油、紅花油、ヒマワリ油、ゴマ油、オリーブ油、ヤシ油、パーム油、ラード、およびそれらの改質油(エステル交換油、水素添加油)等が単独あるいは混合されて用いられている。
通常、油脂を用いてフライ調理を行う場合、揚げ種から蒸気が発生し泡立つが、フライ調理を繰り返すことで、油脂の劣化および揚げ種からの溶出成分の影響で泡立ちが激しくなる。ひどい泡立ちの場合、泡により揚げ種が見えないばかりか、容器からあふれるなどの作業上の安全性が悪化する。そのため、一定量以上のフライ調理はできず、特に卵や肉を含む揚げ種をフライ調理すると油脂の劣化が早い。これらフライ調理時の泡を抑える方法として、シリコーンオイルの添加が行われてきたが、シリコーンオイルは効果が限定的な上、近年、その生分解性の悪さから使用を避ける傾向にある。
【0003】
また、ヤシ油と大豆油の混合油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリドと菜種油などのエステル交換油は特にひどい泡立ちであり、このような構成脂肪酸が炭素数6〜12の脂肪酸と炭素数14〜22脂肪酸の両者を含むトリグリセリドは、シリコーンの添加でも泡を抑えることができない。
一方、炒め調理には、焦付き防止や離型性防止のためにポリグリセリンエステルやレシチン等の乳化剤が添加されている。しかしながら、これら乳化剤を添加した炒め調理用専用油脂は泡立ちがひどく、フライ調理には不適である。
【0004】
【発明が解決しようとする課題】
本発明の目的は、フライ調理における泡立ちを抑え、調理作業性が良好で、フライ調理時の寿命の長い汎用性の油脂組成物を提供することである。
【0005】
【発明が解決するための手段】
本発明者らは上記課題を達成するために、鋭意検討を重ねた結果、油脂組成物中にグリセリン誘導体を添加することでフライ時に発生する泡の泡切れを改善し、フライ調理特性が改善されることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
すなわち本発明は、トリグリセリドを主体とし、グリセリンまたはジグリセリンから選ばれる多価アルコールと脂肪酸のモノエステルを0.2〜20%含有することを特徴とする油脂組成物に関する。上記脂肪酸は、脂肪酸が炭素数4〜22の直鎖飽和脂肪酸、不飽和脂肪酸であり、モノエステルは減圧水蒸気蒸留等で低沸点分を除去したものであることが好ましい。
【0006】
【発明の実施の形態】
以下本発明を詳しく説明する。
本発明の油脂組成物はトリグリセリドを主体とし、グリセリンまたはジグリセリンから選ばれる多価アルコールと脂肪酸のモノエステルを0.2〜20重量%からなる。「トリグリセリドを主体とし」は、トリグリセリドが50重量%以上存在し、トリグリセリド以外の成分としてジグリセリド、モノグリセリド成分が合計50重量%未満であることを意味する。また、夾雑物としての非グリセリド成分として、油脂中に一般的に含まれる不けん化物、例えばグリセリン、ステロール類、トコフェロール類等や、食品添加物、例えば乳化剤、抗酸化剤等が10重量%以下、好ましくは5重量%以下しか含まれていないことを意味するものとする。トリグリセリドを主体とするグリセリドとしては、通常の食用油、エステル交換油、グリセリンのエステル化物、およびそれらの加水分解物等の油脂原料が挙げられる。油脂原料としては大豆油、菜種油、コーン油、ゴマ油、ゴマサラダ油、シソ油、亜麻仁油、落花生油、紅花油、高オレイン酸紅花油、ひまわり油、高オレイン酸ひまわり油、綿実油、ブドウ種子油、マカデミアナッツ油、ヘーゼルナッツ油、カボチャ種子油、クルミ油、椿油、茶実油、エゴマ油、ボラージ油、オリーブ油、米糠油、小麦胚芽油、パーム油、パーム核油、ヤシ油、カカオ脂、牛脂、ラード、鶏脂、乳脂、魚油、アザラシ油、藻類油、中鎖脂肪酸トリグリセリド、品種改良によって低飽和化されたこれらの油脂およびこれらの水素添加油脂、分別油脂等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではない。
【0007】
グリセリンまたはジグリセリンと脂肪酸のモノエステルは、化学合成もしくは酵素合成品、およびその蒸留品を用いることができる。製造方法としてはグリセリンまたはジグリセリンと脂肪酸をエステル化するか、グリセリンまたはジグリセリンと油脂とをエステル交換するか、油脂原料を加水分解して得ることができる。モノエステルを構成するグリセリンは上記油脂原料由来、化学合成品を問わず用いることができる。ジグリセリンはグリセリンを重合して得たものを用いることができるが、重合度が高いポリグリセリンのエステルは消泡効果がなく逆効果で、しかも苦味を有するため、トリグリセリン以上の重合物が50%以下のものが好ましい。最も好ましくは、トリグリセリン以上の重合物が30%以下のものである。
【0008】
モノエステルを構成する油脂原料としては、上記油脂原料等を用いることができ、脂肪酸としては炭素数が6〜22の脂肪酸の直鎖飽和脂肪酸もしくは直鎖不飽和脂肪酸を用いることができる。例としては、カプロン酸、カプリル酸、カプリン酸、ラウリン酸ミリスチン酸、パルミチン酸、ステアリン酸、アラキジン酸、ベヘン酸、リグノセリン酸、セロチン酸、パルミトオレイン酸、オレイン酸、エライジン酸、リノール酸、リノレン酸、エイコサペンタエン酸、ドコサヘキサエン酸、アラキドン酸、エルカ酸等が挙げられるがこれに限定するものではない。油脂組成物が液状油である場合は、低温での沈澱、曇りを保つために脂肪酸が炭素数16〜22の不飽和脂肪酸が好ましい。
【0009】
本発明の油脂組成物においては、上記モノエステルが0.2〜20重量%含有することが必要である。これ以下の含量では消泡効果がなく、逆に含有量が多いと発煙したり、天ぷら等の調理時に衣が剥離したりするなどの問題を生じる。最も調理特性の良い配合量はジエステル等の含量によるが、概ね2〜8%である。
なお、これらモノエステルは減圧水蒸気蒸留にて低沸点分を除去することで発煙を抑えることができる。このとき、モノエステル単独で減圧水蒸気蒸留を実施することもできるが、油脂組成物中に含まれている状態で減圧水蒸気蒸留を実施すると発煙を抑える効果が高い。例えば、水蒸気を吹き込みながら0.01〜10Torrの減圧にし、140〜220℃で1〜12時間蒸留することで目的の油脂組成物を得ることができる。
【0010】
本発明の油脂組成物は、また、遺伝子組換えの技術を用いて、本発明の油脂組成物を生産するように品種改良した植物、例えば大豆、菜種、コーン、ヤシ、パーム、オリーブ、亜麻仁、ひまわり、紅花、椿、綿実、クヘア等から抽出によって得ることも可能である。
上記のようにして得られる本発明の油脂組成物は、そのままで、もしくは調理用油脂組成物に通常用いられる添加剤を配合して、調理用油脂組成物として使用することができる。かかる添加剤としては、保存安定性向上、酸化安定性向上、熱安定性向上、低温での結晶抑制等を目的とした、グリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ポリグリセリン脂肪酸エステル、ショ糖脂肪酸エステル、ソルビトール脂肪酸エステル、ビタミンE、アスコルビン酸脂肪酸エステル、リグナン、コエンザイムQ、リン脂質、シリコーンオイル、オリザノール等、成人病予防作用、生活習慣病予防作用、生体内酸化抑制作用、肥満症予防作用を期待したビタミンE、アスコルビン酸脂肪酸エステル、リグナン、コエンザイムQ、リン脂質、オリザノール等が挙げられる。
【0011】
本発明の調理用油脂組成物は、菜種油、コーン油、紅花油、大豆油といった一般に市販されている通常の植物油と同等あるいはそれ以上の風味を持ち、炒め物、揚げ物、マリネなどの調理に使用できることはもちろんのこと、油脂を含有する食品であるドレッシング、マヨネーズ、マーガリン、菓子類、ケーキ、飲料等にも使用可能である。
【0012】
【実施例】
以下に実施例を挙げて本発明を具体的に説明するが、本発明はそれらによって限定されるものではない。
【0013】
<フライ調理試験>
家庭用電気フライヤーにサンプル油600gを入れ、180℃で、海老の天ぷらを6尾、コロッケを4枚、鳥の唐揚を10個、豚カツを10枚揚げた。油の泡立ち、および試験終了時の発煙と油の泡立ちを評価した。
(泡立ちの評価)
◎:良好な泡立ち
○通常の泡立ち
△激しい泡立ち
×かなりひどい泡立ち
(発煙の評価)
○:発煙しない
△:若干発煙
×:激しい発煙
【0014】
<比較例1〜6および実施例1〜7>
表2〜3に示す比較油脂組成物、および本発明油脂組成物を調整し、フライ調理試験を行った。比較例、実施例に用いたモノエステルを表1)に記載した。
【0015】

Figure 0004040204
【0016】
Figure 0004040204
【0017】
Figure 0004040204
【0018】
<実施例8〜11>
ジグリセリンモノオレイン酸エステルおよびカプリル酸モノグリセリドを0.1Torrの減圧にし、蒸気を吹き込みながら200℃で2時間水蒸気蒸留を行ったところ酸価が0.1になり、発煙も改善された(実施例8および9)。さらに実施例5のサンプルを1Torrの減圧で、蒸気を吹き込みながら200℃で2時間水蒸気蒸留を行ったところ、さらに発煙が改善された(実施例10)。同様に実施例7のサンプルを5Torrの減圧で、蒸気を吹き込みながら145℃で4時間水蒸気蒸留を行ったところ、発煙が改善された(実施例11)。
【0019】
Figure 0004040204
【0020】
<実施例12>
(炒め調理試験)
直径24cmのテフロン加工フライパンを予め30秒加熱し、実施例8のサンプル油を15g入れ、さらに30秒間加熱した。その後、野菜炒めの具をフライパンに投入し、3分間加熱した時点で、塩とコショウを適量添加した。
特に、問題なく野菜炒めが調理できた。
【0021】
【発明の効果】
以上、詳述したように本発明は、フライ調理における泡立ちを抑え、調理作業性が良好で、フライ調理時の寿命の長い汎用性の油脂組成物である。[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to an oil and fat composition used for general-purpose edible oils. More specifically, the present invention relates to an oil and fat composition excellent in suitability for cooking, which contains a fatty acid, glycerin and a monoester of diglycerin.
[0002]
[Prior art]
Conventionally, as a cooking oil used in frying and fried cooking, soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, cottonseed oil, rice bran oil, safflower oil, sunflower oil, sesame oil, olive oil, palm oil, palm oil, lard, and the like These modified oils (transesterified oil, hydrogenated oil) and the like are used alone or in combination.
Usually, when fry cooking is performed using fats and oils, steam is generated from the fried seeds and foams. However, by repeating fry cooking, foaming becomes intense due to the deterioration of the fats and oils and the influence of elution components from the fried seeds. In the case of severe foaming, not only the frying seeds are not visible due to the foam, but also the work safety such as overflowing from the container deteriorates. Therefore, fried cooking of a certain amount or more is not possible, and especially when frying the fried seeds including eggs and meat, the fats and oils deteriorate quickly. Silicone oil has been added as a method for suppressing froth during frying, but silicone oil has a limited effect and has recently tended to be avoided due to its poor biodegradability.
[0003]
In addition, transesterified oils such as mixed oil of coconut oil and soybean oil, medium chain fatty acid triglyceride and rapeseed oil are particularly severely foamed, and such constituent fatty acids are composed of fatty acids having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and 14 to 22 carbon atoms. Triglycerides containing both cannot suppress foaming even with the addition of silicone.
On the other hand, in stir-fried cooking, an emulsifier such as polyglycerin ester or lecithin is added to prevent scorching and releasability. However, the dedicated oil for frying cooking to which these emulsifiers are added has severe foaming and is not suitable for frying.
[0004]
[Problems to be solved by the invention]
An object of the present invention is to provide a versatile oil and fat composition that suppresses foaming in frying, has good cooking workability, and has a long life during frying.
[0005]
[Means for Solving the Invention]
As a result of intensive studies in order to achieve the above-mentioned problems, the inventors have improved the frying characteristics of the froth generated during frying by adding a glycerin derivative to the oil and fat composition, and the frying cooking characteristics are improved. The present invention has been completed.
That is, the present invention relates to an oil-and-fat composition characterized by containing 0.2 to 20% of a monoester of a polyhydric alcohol selected from glycerin or diglycerin and a fatty acid, mainly composed of triglyceride. The fatty acid is preferably a straight-chain saturated fatty acid or unsaturated fatty acid having 4 to 22 carbon atoms, and the monoester is preferably obtained by removing low boiling point components by reduced-pressure steam distillation or the like.
[0006]
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention will be described in detail below.
The oil and fat composition of the present invention is mainly composed of triglyceride, and comprises 0.2 to 20% by weight of a monoester of a polyhydric alcohol selected from glycerin or diglycerin and a fatty acid. “Mainly composed of triglyceride” means that 50% by weight or more of triglyceride is present, and diglyceride and monoglyceride components other than triglyceride are less than 50% by weight in total. In addition, as non-glyceride components as impurities, unsaponifiable substances generally contained in fats and oils, such as glycerin, sterols, tocopherols, and food additives such as emulsifiers, antioxidants, etc. are 10% by weight or less. , Preferably 5% by weight or less. Examples of glycerides mainly composed of triglycerides include oil and fat raw materials such as ordinary edible oils, transesterified oils, esterified products of glycerin, and hydrolysates thereof. Oils and fats include soybean oil, rapeseed oil, corn oil, sesame oil, sesame salad oil, perilla oil, linseed oil, peanut oil, safflower oil, high oleic safflower oil, sunflower oil, high oleic sunflower oil, cottonseed oil, grape seed oil, Macadamia nut oil, hazelnut oil, pumpkin seed oil, walnut oil, coconut oil, tea seed oil, egoma oil, borage oil, olive oil, rice bran oil, wheat germ oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, coconut oil, cacao butter, beef tallow, lard , Chicken fat, milk fat, fish oil, seal oil, algae oil, medium chain fatty acid triglycerides, these oils and fats that have been low-saturated by breed improvement, these hydrogenated fats and oils, fractionated fats and oils, etc. Absent.
[0007]
As the monoester of glycerin or diglycerin and a fatty acid, a chemically synthesized or enzymatically synthesized product and a distilled product thereof can be used. The production method can be obtained by esterifying glycerin or diglycerin and a fatty acid, transesterifying glycerin or diglycerin and a fat or oil, or hydrolyzing a fat or oil raw material. The glycerin constituting the monoester can be used regardless of whether it is derived from the above oil or fat raw material or a chemically synthesized product. Diglycerin can be obtained by polymerizing glycerin, but the ester of polyglycerin having a high degree of polymerization has no defoaming effect, has an adverse effect, and has a bitter taste. % Or less is preferable. Most preferably, the polymer of triglycerin or higher is 30% or lower.
[0008]
As the fat and oil raw material constituting the monoester, the above fat and oil raw material can be used, and as the fatty acid, a linear saturated fatty acid or a linear unsaturated fatty acid having 6 to 22 carbon atoms can be used. Examples include caproic acid, caprylic acid, capric acid, lauric acid myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, arachidic acid, behenic acid, lignoceric acid, serotic acid, palmitooleic acid, oleic acid, elaidic acid, linoleic acid, Examples include, but are not limited to, linolenic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, docosahexaenoic acid, arachidonic acid, erucic acid, and the like. When the oil / fat composition is a liquid oil, the fatty acid is preferably an unsaturated fatty acid having 16 to 22 carbon atoms in order to maintain precipitation and cloudiness at a low temperature.
[0009]
In the oil and fat composition of the present invention, the monoester must be contained in an amount of 0.2 to 20% by weight. If the content is less than this, there is no defoaming effect. Conversely, if the content is large, problems such as smoke generation and peeling of the clothing during cooking such as tempura occur. The blending amount with the best cooking characteristics depends on the content of diester or the like, but is generally 2 to 8%.
In addition, these monoesters can suppress fuming by removing low boiling point components under reduced pressure steam distillation. At this time, the vacuum steam distillation can be carried out with the monoester alone, but if the vacuum steam distillation is carried out in a state where it is contained in the oil or fat composition, the effect of suppressing fuming is high. For example, the target oil composition can be obtained by reducing the pressure to 0.01 to 10 Torr while blowing water vapor and distilling at 140 to 220 ° C. for 1 to 12 hours.
[0010]
The oil and fat composition of the present invention is also a plant that has been cultivated using the technology of genetic recombination to produce the oil and fat composition of the present invention, such as soybean, rapeseed, corn, palm, palm, olive, flaxseed, It can also be obtained by extraction from sunflower, safflower, camellia, cottonseed, khair, and the like.
The oil-and-fat composition of the present invention obtained as described above can be used as a cooking oil-and-fat composition as it is or by blending additives commonly used in cooking oil-and-fat compositions. Such additives include glycerin fatty acid ester, polyglycerin fatty acid ester, sucrose fatty acid ester, sorbitol fatty acid ester, for the purpose of improving storage stability, improving oxidation stability, improving thermal stability, suppressing crystallization at low temperature, and the like. Vitamin E, ascorbic acid fatty acid ester, lignan, coenzyme Q, phospholipid, silicone oil, oryzanol, etc., anti-adult disease, lifestyle-related disease prevention, in vivo oxidation inhibition, obesity prevention Acid fatty acid ester, lignan, coenzyme Q, phospholipid, oryzanol and the like can be mentioned.
[0011]
The cooking oil / fat composition of the present invention has a flavor equivalent to or higher than ordinary vegetable oils such as rapeseed oil, corn oil, safflower oil, and soybean oil, and is used for cooking fried foods, fried foods, marinades, etc. Of course, it can also be used for dressings, mayonnaise, margarines, confectionery, cakes, beverages, etc., which are foods containing oils and fats.
[0012]
【Example】
EXAMPLES The present invention will be specifically described below with reference to examples, but the present invention is not limited thereto.
[0013]
<Fry cooking test>
A household electric fryer was charged with 600 g of sample oil, and at 180 ° C., 6 shrimp tempura, 4 croquettes, 10 fried chicken and 10 pork cutlets were fried. Oil foaming and smoke and oil foaming at the end of the test were evaluated.
(Evaluation of foaming)
◎: Good foaming ○ Normal foaming △ Vigorous foaming × Pretty bad foaming (evaluation of smoke generation)
○: No smoke △: Smoke slightly x: Vigorous smoke [0014]
<Comparative Examples 1-6 and Examples 1-7>
The comparative oil and fat composition shown in Tables 2 to 3 and the oil and fat composition of the present invention were prepared, and a fry cooking test was performed. Monoesters used in Comparative Examples and Examples are listed in Table 1).
[0015]
Figure 0004040204
[0016]
Figure 0004040204
[0017]
Figure 0004040204
[0018]
<Examples 8 to 11>
Diglycerin monooleate and caprylic acid monoglyceride were reduced to 0.1 Torr, and steam distillation was performed at 200 ° C. for 2 hours while blowing steam. As a result, the acid value became 0.1 and fuming was improved (Examples) 8 and 9). Further, when the sample of Example 5 was subjected to steam distillation at 200 ° C. for 2 hours while blowing steam at a reduced pressure of 1 Torr, smoke generation was further improved (Example 10). Similarly, when the sample of Example 7 was subjected to steam distillation at 145 ° C. for 4 hours while blowing steam at a reduced pressure of 5 Torr, fuming was improved (Example 11).
[0019]
Figure 0004040204
[0020]
<Example 12>
(Fry cooking test)
A Teflon-processed frying pan having a diameter of 24 cm was heated in advance for 30 seconds, 15 g of the sample oil of Example 8 was added, and further heated for 30 seconds. After that, when the stir-fried vegetables were put into a frying pan and heated for 3 minutes, an appropriate amount of salt and pepper was added.
In particular, I was able to cook fried vegetables without problems.
[0021]
【The invention's effect】
As described above in detail, the present invention is a versatile oil and fat composition that suppresses foaming in frying, has good cooking workability, and has a long life during frying.

Claims (6)

トリグリセリドを主体とし、グリセリンおよび/またはジグリセリンから選ばれる多価アルコールと脂肪酸のモノエステルを0.2〜20重量%含有し、
前記トリグリセリドの構成脂肪酸が炭素数6〜12の脂肪酸と炭素数14〜22脂肪酸の両者を含み、
前記トリグリセリドを主体とするグリセリドがエステル交換油である、
揚げ物用油脂組成物。
The main component is triglyceride, 0.2 to 20% by weight of a monoester of a polyhydric alcohol and a fatty acid selected from glycerin and / or diglycerin,
The constituent fatty acids of the triglyceride include both fatty acids having 6 to 12 carbon atoms and fatty acids having 14 to 22 carbon atoms,
The glyceride mainly composed of the triglyceride is a transesterified oil,
Oil composition for fried foods .
モノエステルの構成脂肪酸が炭素数6〜22の直鎖飽和脂肪酸および/または不飽和脂肪酸であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の揚げ物用油脂組成物。The fatty acid composition for fried food according to claim 1, wherein the constituent fatty acid of the monoester is a linear saturated fatty acid and / or an unsaturated fatty acid having 6 to 22 carbon atoms. グリセリンおよび/またはジグリセリンのモノエステルの合計が2〜8重量%であることを特徴とする請求項1または2記載の揚げ物用油脂組成物。The fat and oil composition for deep-fried food according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the total of glycerol and / or diglycerol monoester is 2 to 8% by weight. 脂肪酸が炭素数16〜22の不飽和脂肪酸であることを特徴とする請求項1〜3のいずれか1項記載の揚げ物用油脂組成物。The fat and oil composition for fried food according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the fatty acid is an unsaturated fatty acid having 16 to 22 carbon atoms. グリセリンおよび/またはジグリセリンのモノエステルが減圧水蒸気蒸留したものであり、酸価0.2以下であることを特徴とする請求項1〜4のいずれか1項記載の揚げ物用油脂組成物。The fat and oil composition for deep-fried food according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein the monoester of glycerin and / or diglycerin is obtained by steam distillation under reduced pressure and has an acid value of 0.2 or less. グリセリンおよび/またはジグリセリンのモノエステルが140℃以上の温度で減圧水蒸気蒸留処理したものであることを特徴とする請求項1〜5のいずれか1項記載の揚げ物用油脂組成物。The fat and oil composition for deep-fried food according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein the monoester of glycerin and / or diglycerin has been subjected to reduced-pressure steam distillation at a temperature of 140 ° C or higher.
JP10314099A 1999-04-09 1999-04-09 Oil composition Expired - Fee Related JP4040204B2 (en)

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