JP3747988B2 - Expandable material composition and expanded cement composition - Google Patents
Expandable material composition and expanded cement composition Download PDFInfo
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- JP3747988B2 JP3747988B2 JP11310498A JP11310498A JP3747988B2 JP 3747988 B2 JP3747988 B2 JP 3747988B2 JP 11310498 A JP11310498 A JP 11310498A JP 11310498 A JP11310498 A JP 11310498A JP 3747988 B2 JP3747988 B2 JP 3747988B2
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B22/00—Use of inorganic materials as active ingredients for mortars, concrete or artificial stone, e.g. accelerators, shrinkage compensating agents
- C04B22/008—Cement and like inorganic materials added as expanding or shrinkage compensating ingredients in mortar or concrete compositions, the expansion being the result of a recrystallisation
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C04—CEMENTS; CONCRETE; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES
- C04B—LIME, MAGNESIA; SLAG; CEMENTS; COMPOSITIONS THEREOF, e.g. MORTARS, CONCRETE OR LIKE BUILDING MATERIALS; ARTIFICIAL STONE; CERAMICS; REFRACTORIES; TREATMENT OF NATURAL STONE
- C04B40/00—Processes, in general, for influencing or modifying the properties of mortars, concrete or artificial stone compositions, e.g. their setting or hardening ability
- C04B40/0028—Aspects relating to the mixing step of the mortar preparation
- C04B40/0039—Premixtures of ingredients
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)
Description
【０００１】
【発明の属する技術分野】
本発明は、施工後のポップアウトや部分的な異常膨張が生じにくい膨張材組成物及びそれを用いた膨張セメント組成物に関する。
【０００２】
本発明に係る膨張材組成物及びそれを用いた膨張セメント組成物は、収縮補償コンクリート、ケミカルプレストレスコンクリート、膨張コンクリート、膨張セメント組成物、及びセメント製品等、土木分野や建築分野で広く使用できる。
【０００３】
【従来の技術とその課題】
従来より、収縮補償やケミカルプレストレスを目的として、膨張材が混和されたモルタルやコンクリートが使用されてきた。
膨張材を混和した膨張モルタルや膨張コンクリートは、その膨張効果により乾燥収縮などに起因するひび割れを減少させることができ、また、ひび割れ耐力を向上させることができるので、水槽、浄水槽、地下構造物、橋梁の床版、トンネルの覆工、及び舗装版等の構造物、水密コンクリート、マスコンクリート、及び海洋コンクリート、並びに、モルタルライニング管をはじめとする各種セメント製品に広く使用されている。
【０００４】
ここでいう膨張材とは、セメント、水とともに練り混ぜた場合、水和反応によってエトリンガイトと水酸化カルシウムなどを生成し、モルタル又はコンクリートを膨張させる作用のあるものであって、JIS A 6202によって定義される品質規格を満足するものである。具体的には、CaO 系やアウイン系の膨張材がある。
しかしながら、従来の膨張材を生コンプラントや現場ミキサでモルタル又はコンクリートに添加した場合、練り混ぜ時の膨張材の分散が不十分で、ポップアウトと呼ばれる、モルタル又はコンクリートの表層下の骨材粒子などの膨張による破壊でできた表面の円錐状の剥離現象が発生するという課題が生じ、モルタル又はコンクリートの性能が低下するだけでなく、その破片の落下による人身事故にもつながるという大きな課題があった。
【０００５】
本発明者は、前記課題を解決すべく鋭意研究を重ねた結果、特定の膨張材組成物を使用することによって前記課題が解決できる知見を得て、本発明を完成するに至った。
【０００６】
【課題を解決するための手段】
即ち、本発明は、アウイン、遊離石灰、及び遊離セッコウを含有してなる膨張材と、水酸化カルシウムとを含有してなり、水酸化カルシウムが、該膨張材と水酸化カルシウムの合計100重量部中、１〜15重量部である膨張材組成物であり、該膨張材組成物、セメント、及び骨材を含有してなる膨張セメント組成物であり、該膨張材組成物が、セメント 100 重量部に対して５〜 20 重量部である該膨張セメント組成物である。
【０００７】
以下、本発明を詳しく説明する。
【０００８】
本発明で使用する膨張材とは、セメントと水とを混合した場合、水和反応によりエトリンガイト（3CaO・Al2O3 ・3CaSO4・32H2O ）や水酸化カルシウム（Ca(OH)2 ）などの結晶を生成してモルタルやコンクリートを膨張させる作用のある混和材であって、セメント質膨張性混和材である。
膨張材は、ボーキサイト、アルミ残灰、及びアルミナ等のAl2O3 源と、消石灰、石灰石、及び生石灰等のCaO 源、並びに、無水セッコウ、半水セッコウ、二水セッコウ等のSO3 源を所定の化学成分比になるように配合し、ロータリーキルン等によって 1,200〜1,900 ℃で焼成したクリンカーを、ボールミル、チューブミル、振動ミル、ロッドミル、タワーミル、及びローラーミル等の粉砕機で所定の粒度まで粉砕したものである。
その鉱物組成は、アウイン（3CaO・3Al2O3・CaSO4 ）、遊離石灰（F-CaO ）、及び遊離セッコウ（CaSO4 ）より構成されるものであって、その鉱物組成比は、アウイン15〜35重量％、遊離石灰10〜30重量％、及び遊離セッコウ30〜60重量％のものが好ましく、化学成分的には、CaO 50〜55重量％、Al2O3 10〜20重量％、SO3 25〜35重量％、及びF-CaO 10〜25重量％からなるものが使用できる。
膨張材の粉末度はブレーン比表面積 2,000〜4,000cm2/gのものが好ましい。
【０００９】
本発明において、ポップアウトを防止するために最も重要なことは、膨張材組成物中に含まれる水酸化カルシウムの含有量であって、この含有量が少ないと、モルタル又はコンクリートに混和した際に、十分混練りすることができないため分散せず、施工後、部分的な異常膨張が発生し、ひび割れや、ポップアウトが生じるおそれがある。
水酸化カルシウムの膨張材組成物中の含有量は、膨張材と水酸化カルシウムの合計 100重量部中、１〜15重量部であることが重要であり、1.5 〜10重量部が好ましく、２〜５重量部がより好ましい。１重量部未満ではポップアウト防止効果に乏しく、15重量部を超えると膨張量が減少するおそれがある。
本発明の膨張材組成物中の水酸化カルシウム含有量の調整は、クリンカー粉砕時及び／又は粉砕後、所定の含有量が得られるように水及び／又は水酸化カルシウムを添加、混合することで可能であり、長期間放置して空気中の水分を含浸することでも可能である。
水を添加する場合の水の使用量は、クリンカーの粉砕機等によって、変化し特に限定されるものではない。
膨張材組成物中の水酸化カルシウムの含有量は、ＤＳＣ、ＴＧ−ＤＴＡ、ＩＲ、ＦＴ−ＩＲ、強熱減量、及びＸ線回折等によって定量できる。
【００１０】
水酸化カルシウムを含有する膨張材組成物の使用量は、セメント 100重量部に対して、５〜20重量部が好ましく、８〜15重量部がより好ましい。５重量部未満では膨張が得られにくく、20重量部を越えると膨張過剰となるおそれがある。
【００１１】
本発明で使用するセメントとは、普通・早強・低熱等の各種ポルトランドセメント、これらポルトランドセメントに高炉スラグ、フライアッシュ、又はシリカを混合した各種混合セメント、並びに、シリカフュームを混合したシリカフュームセメント等一般に使用されるものが使用できる。
【００１２】
本発明で使用する骨材としては、細骨材、又は、細骨材と粗骨材が使用でき、一般にモルタルやコンクリートに使用できるものであって、アルカリ骨材反応性を示さない砂、砂利、砕石、及びスラグ等や、その他これに準じたものが使用できる。具体的には、通常、セメント・コンクリートの分野で使用されるものであれば特に制限されるものではないが、より硬質な骨材の使用が好ましく、硅石、エメリー、黄鉄鉱、磁鉄鉱、黄玉、ローソン石、コランダム、フェナサイト、及びスピネル等が挙げられ、その他、鉄やステンレスなどの金属粉の使用も有効である。
また、細骨材は、「セメント・コンクリート・415 「骨材特集」、1981年９月号」に記載されているものが使用可能である。
骨材の使用量は特に限定されるものではない。
【００１３】
膨張材組成物の使用方法は、土木学会「膨張コンクリート設計施工指針」等に準じて、対象とする構造物、施工物件の要求物性等に応じて使用できる。
【００１４】
さらに本発明の膨張セメント組成物には、必要に応じて減水剤、ＡＥ減水剤、高性能ＡＥ減水剤、及び高性能減水剤等、通常、コンクリートやモルタルに使用される化学混和剤や、石灰石、スラグ、フライアッシュ、及びシリカフューム等の微粉や超微粉、並びに、ビニロン繊維、カーボン繊維、及び鋼繊維等の繊維を耐久性、強度、流動性、及び曲げ靱性等を向上させる目的で混和、添加することも可能である。
【００１５】
【実施例】
以下、実施例に基づき、本発明の効果を詳細に説明する。
【００１６】
実施例１
Al2O3 源、CaO 源、及び SO3源を原料とし、ロータリーキルンにて約 1,600℃で焼成してアウイン、遊離石灰、及び遊離セッコウからなる膨張材のクリンカーを製造した。このクリンカーの化学成分は、Igloss 0.5重量％、CaO 52.2重量％、Al2O3 15.8重量％、SO3 26.7重量％、SiO2 1.9重量％、Fe2O3 0.6 重量％、及びF-CaO 18.8重量％であった。
さらに、このクリンカーに所定量の水を添加してボールミルで粉砕し、比表面積2,600cm2/gで、水酸化カルシウム含有量の異なる表１に示す膨張材組成物を得た。
さらに、Gmax 20 mm、Ｗ／Ｃ 59 ％、及びS/a 47.7％で、セメント 236kg/m3 、細骨材881kg/m3、粗骨材 992 kg/m3、減水剤2.6kg/m3、及び水 157 kg/m3のコンクリート配合を用いて混合したコンクリートに、表１の膨張材組成物 30kg/m3を配合して、２m2の２軸ミキサで混練して膨張コンクリートを製造し、20cm厚の床版に打設した。打設した床版の膨張率やポップアウト状態を評価した。結果を表１に併記する。
なお、比較のため、比表面積2,650cm2/gの市販の膨張材を使用した膨張コンクリートを作製し同様に評価した。
【００１７】
＜使用材料＞
Al2O3 源 ：ボーキサイト、市販品
CaO 源 ：石灰石、青海鉱山産
SO3 源 ：無水セッコウ、市販品
セメント ：普通ポルトランドセメント、市販品
減水剤 ：リグニン系減水剤、市販品
細骨材 ：姫川産川砂、比重 2.6
粗骨材 ：姫川産川砂利、比重 2.6、Gmax 20 mm
【００１８】
＜測定方法＞
化学分析 ：蛍光Ｘ線分析法
水酸化カルシウムの含有量：ＤＳＣ
膨張率 ：土木学会「膨張コンクリート設計施工指針」に準じ測定
ポップアウト：目視でポップアウトの有無と発生個数を測定
【００１９】
【表１】
表から明らかなように、本発明の膨張材組成物を混和した膨張コンクリートではポップアウトの発生が少なく、また良好な膨張性を示した。
【００２１】
実施例２
水酸化カルシウム含有量が、膨張材と水酸化カルシウムの合計 100重量部中、 3.0重量部で表２に示す比表面積の膨張材組成物を使用したこと以外は実施例１と同様に行った。結果を表２に併記する。
【００２２】
【表２】
実施例３
水酸化カルシウム含有量が、膨張材と水酸化カルシウムの合計 100重量部中、 3.0重量部である膨張材組成物を、セメント 100重量部に対して、表３に示す量使用したこと以外は実施例１と同様に行った。結果を表３に併記する。
【００２４】
【表３】
実施例４
比表面積2,600cm2/gで、膨張材と水酸化カルシウムの合計 100重量部中の水酸化カルシウム含有量が 3.0重量部の膨張材組成物10重量部、セメント90重量部、ＩＳＯ標準砂 300重量部を配合し、（セメント＋膨張材）／水比＝50％のモルタル供試体を作製し、膨張率を測定した。結果を表４に併記する。
【００２６】
＜測定方法＞
膨張率 ：JIS A 6202（Ｂ法）に準じて測定
【００２７】
【表４】
表から明らかなように、本発明の膨張材組成物を配合したモルタルは、市販の膨張材を使用したものと比較して膨張モルタルとして十分な膨張率を示した。
【００２９】
【発明の効果】
本発明の膨張材組成物を使用した膨張モルタルや膨張コンクリートは、施工後のポップアウトがなく、膨張率も十分なものが得られ、耐震補強工事、補修工事、及び水密コンクリート等、各種膨張コンクリートに広く適用できる。
また、膨張材組成物中の水酸化カルシウム含有量をコントロールすることで、膨張量を確保しつつ施工後のポップアウトを防止できる[0001]
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to an expansion material composition that hardly causes pop-out and partial abnormal expansion after construction, and an expanded cement composition using the same.
[0002]
The expandable material composition and the expanded cement composition using the same according to the present invention can be widely used in the civil engineering field and the building field such as shrinkage compensation concrete, chemical prestressed concrete, expanded concrete, expanded cement composition, and cement products. .
[0003]
[Prior art and its problems]
Conventionally, for the purpose of shrinkage compensation and chemical prestress, mortar and concrete mixed with an expanding material have been used.
Expanded mortar and expanded concrete mixed with expandable material can reduce cracks caused by drying shrinkage due to the expansion effect, and can improve cracking resistance, so water tanks, water purification tanks, underground structures It is widely used in various cement products including bridge floor slabs, tunnel linings, and paving slabs, watertight concrete, mass concrete, marine concrete, and mortar lining pipes.
[0004]
The term “expanding material” as used herein means that when kneaded with cement and water, it produces ettringite and calcium hydroxide by hydration reaction, and has the effect of expanding mortar or concrete, and is defined by JIS A 6202. It satisfies the quality standards. Specifically, there are CaO-based and Au-in expanded materials.
However, when conventional expansion materials are added to mortar or concrete with a raw plant or on-site mixer, dispersion of the expansion material at the time of kneading is insufficient, and aggregate particles under the surface of the mortar or concrete, such as pop-out, etc. There arises a problem that a conical exfoliation phenomenon of the surface caused by the destruction due to the expansion of the material occurs, and not only the performance of the mortar or concrete is deteriorated, but also a serious problem that leads to a personal injury due to the fall of the fragments.
[0005]
As a result of intensive studies to solve the above problems, the present inventor has obtained knowledge that the above problems can be solved by using a specific expansion material composition, and has completed the present invention.
[0006]
[Means for Solving the Problems]
That is, the present invention is Auin, an expansion member comprising the free lime, and free gypsum, and also contains a water calcium oxide, calcium hydroxide, a total of 100 parts by weight of calcium hydroxide with the expansion material in a expansion material composition is 1 to 15 parts by weight, the expansion material composition, cement, and Ri expansion cement composition der comprising a bone material, the expandable material composition, cement 100 weight 5 Ru said expansion cement composition der is 20 parts by weight per part.
[0007]
The present invention will be described in detail below.
[0008]
The expansion material used in the present invention is ettringite (3CaO · Al 2 O 3 · 3CaSO 4 · 32H 2 O) or calcium hydroxide (Ca (OH) 2 ) by hydration reaction when cement and water are mixed. It is a cementitious expansive admixture that has the effect of expanding mortar and concrete by generating crystals such as.
The expansion material is made of Al 2 O 3 sources such as bauxite, aluminum residual ash, and alumina, CaO sources such as slaked lime, limestone, and quicklime, and SO 3 sources such as anhydrous gypsum, semi-water gypsum, and dihydrate gypsum. A clinker compounded to a specified chemical composition ratio and fired at 1,200-1900 ° C with a rotary kiln or the like is pulverized to a specified particle size with a pulverizer such as a ball mill, tube mill, vibration mill, rod mill, tower mill, and roller mill. It is a thing.
The mineral composition is composed of Auin (3CaO · 3Al 2 O 3 · CaSO 4 ), free lime (F-CaO), and free gypsum (CaSO 4 ). -35% by weight, free lime 10-30% by weight, and free gypsum 30-30% by weight are preferable, and the chemical components are CaO 50-55% by weight, Al 2 O 3 10-20% by weight, SO 3 25-35 wt% and F-CaO 10-25 wt% can be used.
The fineness of the expanding material is preferably that of a specific surface area of Blaine of 2,000-4,000 cm 2 / g.
[0009]
In the present invention, in order to prevent pop-out, the most important thing is the content of calcium hydroxide contained in the expansion material composition, and if this content is low, when mixed with mortar or concrete, Since it cannot be kneaded sufficiently, it does not disperse, and after the construction, there is a possibility that partial abnormal expansion occurs and cracks or pop-outs occur.
It is important that the content of the calcium hydroxide in the expansion material composition is 1 to 15 parts by weight in the total of 100 parts by weight of the expansion material and calcium hydroxide, preferably 1.5 to 10 parts by weight, 5 parts by weight is more preferred. If it is less than 1 part by weight, the pop-out prevention effect is poor, and if it exceeds 15 parts by weight, the amount of expansion may decrease.
Adjustment of the calcium hydroxide content in the expansion material composition of the present invention is performed by adding and mixing water and / or calcium hydroxide so that a predetermined content is obtained at the time of clinker pulverization and / or after pulverization. It is also possible to leave it for a long time and impregnate it with moisture in the air.
The amount of water used when adding water varies depending on the clinker pulverizer or the like and is not particularly limited.
The content of calcium hydroxide in the expansion material composition can be quantified by DSC, TG-DTA, IR, FT-IR, loss on ignition, X-ray diffraction, and the like.
[0010]
The amount of the expansion material composition containing calcium hydroxide is preferably 5 to 20 parts by weight and more preferably 8 to 15 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of cement. If it is less than 5 parts by weight, it is difficult to obtain expansion, and if it exceeds 20 parts by weight, there is a risk of excessive expansion.
[0011]
The cement used in the present invention is various portland cements such as normal, early strength, low heat, etc., various mixed cements obtained by mixing blast furnace slag, fly ash, or silica with these portland cements, and silica fume cements including silica fume in general. What is used can be used.
[0012]
As the aggregate used in the present invention, fine aggregate, or fine aggregate and coarse aggregate can be used. Generally, the aggregate can be used for mortar and concrete, and does not show alkali aggregate reactivity. , Crushed stone, slag, etc., and other equivalents can be used. Specifically, it is not particularly limited as long as it is usually used in the field of cement and concrete, but it is preferable to use a harder aggregate, such as meteorite, emery, pyrite, magnetite, yellow jade, Lawson. Examples include stones, corundum, phenacite, and spinel. Use of metal powders such as iron and stainless steel is also effective.
As the fine aggregate, those described in “Cement / concrete / 415“ Aggregate special issue ”, September 1981 issue” can be used.
The amount of aggregate used is not particularly limited.
[0013]
The method of using the expansion material composition can be used according to the required physical properties of the target structure and construction object in accordance with the Japan Society of Civil Engineers "Expanded Concrete Design and Construction Guidelines".
[0014]
Furthermore, the expanded cement composition of the present invention includes a chemical admixture ordinarily used in concrete or mortar, such as a water reducing agent, an AE water reducing agent, a high performance AE water reducing agent, and a high performance water reducing agent, if necessary. , Slag, fly ash, fine powder such as silica fume, ultrafine powder, and fibers such as vinylon fiber, carbon fiber, and steel fiber are mixed and added for the purpose of improving durability, strength, fluidity, bending toughness, etc. It is also possible to do.
[0015]
【Example】
Hereinafter, based on an Example, the effect of this invention is demonstrated in detail.
[0016]
Example 1
Using an Al 2 O 3 source, a CaO source, and a SO 3 source as raw materials, a clinker of an expansion material composed of auin, free lime, and free gypsum was produced by firing at about 1,600 ° C. in a rotary kiln. Chemical components of this clinker, Igloss 0.5 wt%, CaO 52.2 wt%, Al 2 O 3 15.8 wt%, SO 3 26.7 wt%, SiO 2 1.9 wt%, Fe 2 O 3 0.6 wt%, and F-CaO 18.8 % By weight.
Further, a predetermined amount of water was added to the clinker and pulverized by a ball mill to obtain an expanding material composition shown in Table 1 having a specific surface area of 2,600 cm 2 / g and different calcium hydroxide contents.
Furthermore, Gmax 20 mm, W / C 59%, and S / a 47.7%, cement 236kg / m 3 , fine aggregate 881kg / m 3 , coarse aggregate 992 kg / m 3 , water reducing agent 2.6kg / m 3 and the concrete mixed using a concrete mix water 157 kg / m 3, by blending expandable material composition 30kg / m 3 in Table 1, the expanded concrete was prepared by kneading in a twin mixer 2m 2 And placed on a 20cm thick floor slab. The expansion rate and pop-out state of the placed slab were evaluated. The results are also shown in Table 1.
For comparison, an expanded concrete using a commercially available expanded material having a specific surface area of 2,650 cm 2 / g was prepared and evaluated in the same manner.
[0017]
<Materials used>
Al 2 O 3 source: bauxite, commercial product
CaO source: Limestone, Aomi mine
SO 3 source: anhydrous gypsum, commercial cement: ordinary Portland cement, commercial water reducing agent: lignin water reducing agent, commercial fine aggregate: Himekawa produced river sand, specific gravity 2.6
Coarse aggregate: Himekawa production river gravel, specific gravity 2.6, Gmax 20 mm
[0018]
<Measurement method>
Chemical analysis: X-ray fluorescence analysis Calcium hydroxide content: DSC
Expansion rate: Measured according to the Japan Society of Civil Engineers “Expanded Concrete Design and Construction Guidelines” Pop-out: Measure the presence and number of pop-outs visually.
[Table 1]
As is apparent from the table, the expanded concrete mixed with the expandable material composition of the present invention showed little pop-out and good expansibility.
[0021]
Example 2
The same procedure as in Example 1 was carried out except that the calcium hydroxide content was 3.0 parts by weight in the total of 100 parts by weight of the expansion material and calcium hydroxide, and the specific surface area expansion material composition shown in Table 2 was used. The results are also shown in Table 2.
[0022]
[Table 2]
Example 3
Except for using 100 parts by weight of the expansive material composition with a calcium hydroxide content of 3.0 parts by weight out of a total of 100 parts by weight of the expansive material and calcium hydroxide. Performed as in Example 1. The results are also shown in Table 3.
[0024]
[Table 3]
Example 4
10 parts by weight of an expanded material composition having a specific surface area of 2,600 cm 2 / g and a calcium hydroxide content of 3.0 parts by weight in a total of 100 parts by weight of the expanded material and calcium hydroxide, 90 parts by weight of cement, and 300 parts by weight of ISO standard sand A mortar specimen having a (cement + expansion material) / water ratio = 50% was prepared and the expansion coefficient was measured. The results are also shown in Table 4.
[0026]
<Measurement method>
Expansion coefficient: Measured according to JIS A 6202 (Method B)
[Table 4]
As is apparent from the table, the mortar containing the expansion material composition of the present invention exhibited a sufficient expansion rate as an expansion mortar as compared with the one using a commercially available expansion material.
[0029]
【The invention's effect】
The expanded mortar or expanded concrete using the expanded material composition of the present invention has no pop-out after construction and has a sufficient expansion rate. Various expanded concrete such as seismic reinforcement work, repair work, watertight concrete, etc. Widely applicable to.
Moreover, by controlling the calcium hydroxide content in the expansion material composition, it is possible to prevent pop-out after construction while securing the expansion amount.
Claims (3)
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| JP11310498A JP3747988B2 (en) | 1998-04-23 | 1998-04-23 | Expandable material composition and expanded cement composition |
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| JP11310498A JP3747988B2 (en) | 1998-04-23 | 1998-04-23 | Expandable material composition and expanded cement composition |
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| JP3747988B2 true JP3747988B2 (en) | 2006-02-22 |
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| JP4571274B2 (en) * | 2000-06-16 | 2010-10-27 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Cement admixture and cement composition |
| JP4567211B2 (en) * | 2001-01-29 | 2010-10-20 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Expandable material and cement composition |
| JP2008169063A (en) * | 2007-01-10 | 2008-07-24 | Denki Kagaku Kogyo Kk | Expanding material composition for preventing pop-out and cement hardened body formed using the same |
| JP6289897B2 (en) * | 2013-12-26 | 2018-03-07 | 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 | Swelling composition and hydraulic composition |
| CN108455926B (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2020-08-07 | 四川通德商品混凝土有限公司 | Air-tight concrete |
| CN108455925B (en) * | 2018-01-25 | 2020-08-07 | 四川通德商品混凝土有限公司 | Autotrophic micro-expanding agent and micro-expanded concrete |
| JP7293019B2 (en) * | 2019-07-18 | 2023-06-19 | デンカ株式会社 | EXPANDING COMPOSITION FOR CEMENT, CEMENT COMPOSITION, AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE EXPANSION COMPOSITION FOR CEMENT |
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| GB2004529B (en) * | 1977-09-19 | 1982-04-21 | Raychem Corp | Expansive cement compositions |
| JP3558730B2 (en) * | 1995-03-30 | 2004-08-25 | 太平洋セメント株式会社 | Crystalline highly hydrated active substance, cement admixture using the same, and method for accelerating hardening of concrete |
| JP3648692B2 (en) * | 1995-07-18 | 2005-05-18 | 太平洋マテリアル株式会社 | Admixture for non-shrink mortar containing poor cement |
| JP3549635B2 (en) * | 1995-08-17 | 2004-08-04 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Stimulant for mixed cement and mixed cement composition |
| JP3662052B2 (en) * | 1995-09-19 | 2005-06-22 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Mixed cement composition |
| JP3549645B2 (en) * | 1995-10-20 | 2004-08-04 | 電気化学工業株式会社 | Cement admixture and cement composition |
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