JP3527167B2 - Display device manufacturing method and display device - Google Patents

Description

Detailed Description of the Invention

[0001]

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a display device using charged particles that move between electrodes when an electric field is applied in a dispersion medium.

[0002]

2. Description of the Related Art Conventionally, an electrophoretic display device as shown in FIG. 4 has been known. This electrophoretic display device includes a pair of glass substrates 11 at least one of which is transparent.
a and 11b are opposed to each other with a predetermined gap therebetween via the sealing members 13a and 13b, and these glass substrates 11a and 1b
A closed space is configured by 1b and the sealing members 13a and 13b. These pair of glass substrates 11
Planar ITO is formed on the inner surface sides of a and 11b facing each other.
The transparent electrodes 12a and 12b are fixed.

An electrophoretic display medium 4a is housed in the closed space. This electrophoretic display medium 4
A is, for example, a dye such as black dissolved in a dispersion medium, and contains white charged particles (electrophoretic particles, eg, white pigment) 2a dispersed in the medium 4a.

In such an electrophoretic display device, a positive voltage is applied to the upper electrode 12a and a negative voltage is applied to the lower electrode 12b with respect to the pair of electrodes 12a and 12b, as shown in FIG. When a voltage is applied, the negatively charged white pigment 2a is electrophoresed toward the anode by the Coulomb force, and the white pigment 2 becomes the upper anode electrode 12a.
Adhere to. When the electrophoretic display device in such a state is observed from the upper position, the portion where the white pigment 2a is adhered to form a layer looks white through the transparent electrode 12a and the glass substrate 11a. On the other hand, if the polarity of the applied voltage is reversed, the white pigment 1 adheres to the facing electrode 12b to form a layer, and the layer of the white pigment 2a is the black medium 4a.
Behind it, the electrophoretic display panel will appear black. When the application of the voltage is stopped, once the white pigment 2a is once attached to the electrode, it is not necessary to apply the voltage except for maintaining the attached state.

However, with such a structure of the display device, a flat display device cannot be obtained, and it has been difficult to display in a complicated shape such as a three-dimensional structure.

Further, since the difference in specific gravity between the electrophoretic particles 2a and the solvent used as the medium is largely different and the polarity of the surface is also different, sedimentation and aggregation of the electrophoretic particles 2a occur and the display quality is deteriorated. Is inevitable.

The sedimentation and aggregation of such electrophoretic particles have been improved by a dispersant, a surface modifier and the like. But,
These additives themselves may change with time and may be altered by the application of an electric field, and it is difficult to maintain a stable state.

In order to maintain the adhered state,
If the voltage is applied periodically, the power consumption increases and the electric circuit becomes complicated.

[0009]

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION An object of the present invention is to provide a method of manufacturing a display device which can be applied to a display surface having a complicated shape such as a three-dimensional structure, has no display unevenness, and can be driven with low power.
And to provide a display device.

[0010]

The above objects can be achieved by the following constitutions. (1) Display having a first electrode on a substrate having a plurality of shapes having different curvatures, and having at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles on the first electrode and having a display function by electrophoresis A display device having a layer and further having a second electrode on the display layer. (2) The display device according to (1), wherein the microscopic region of the display layer is formed of a structure including microcapsules or cells. (3) The display device according to (1) or (2), wherein the display layer is filled with a material that imparts thixotropic properties to a dispersion liquid containing at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles. (4) The display device according to (3), wherein the material that imparts thixotropic properties to the dispersion is a swelling layered clay mineral. (5) The display device according to (4), wherein the swellable layered clay mineral is smectite. (6) The content of the swellable layered clay mineral is 0.01
The display device according to (4) or (5) above, wherein the display device is about 20% by weight. (7) A first electrode is formed on a substrate having a plurality of shapes having different curvatures, a display layer having a display function by electrophoresis is formed on the first electrode, and the display layer is further formed on the display layer. A method for manufacturing a display device for forming a second electrode. (8) The above (7) in which the display layer is formed by a coating method.
Of manufacturing display device of the above. (9) The above (7) in which the display layer is formed by a spraying method.
Of manufacturing display device of the above. (10) The minute area of the display layer is formed of a structure including microcapsules or cells.
The method for manufacturing a display device according to any one of (9). (11) The method for manufacturing a display device according to any one of (7) to (10), wherein the display layer contains a material that imparts thixotropic properties to a dispersion liquid containing at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles.

[0011]

BEST MODE FOR CARRYING OUT THE INVENTION Embodiments of the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. The display device of the present invention has, for example, as shown in FIG. 1, a first electrode 5 on a substrate 1 having a three-dimensional shape, and a display layer having a display function by electrophoresis on the first electrode 2. This display layer has at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles enclosed in a plurality of minute regions. More specifically, the organic binder 7 has a display layer in which microcapsules having a display function or cells 8 are dispersed. Further, a second electrode 6 is provided on the display layer, and at least the solvent 4 and the electrophoretic particles 2 are enclosed in the microcapsules or cells 8. The display layer is preferably formed by a coating method or a spraying method.

As described above, by dividing the portion of the display layer having the display function into minute regions, the substrate having a three-dimensional shape can be provided with the display function, and the electrophoretic display device can be used in a wide range. Expand dramatically.

The substrate 1 having a three-dimensional shape is not particularly limited, and the material may be any material such as metal, glass, ceramics, resin and wood as long as it has a three-dimensional shape. Here, the three-dimensional shape does not include a planar shape, but means a shape having a plurality of different curvatures. In this case, a shape obtained by simply bending a plane is not included in the three-dimensional shape.

The first electrode is not particularly limited as long as it is formed on the substrate and has a predetermined conductivity, and various materials such as metal, semiconductor, conductive resin, conductive paint are used. be able to. Further, the first electrode may also serve as a conductive base. When a metal material is used for the first electrode, Al, Ag, In, Ti, Cu, A
u, Mo, W, Pt, Pd and Ni, especially Al, Ag
One or two or more metal elements selected from are preferable.

The thickness of the first electrode is not particularly limited and may be 50 nm or more, and more preferably 100 nm or more, although it depends on the material to be formed and the forming method. There is no particular upper limit, but 1
It may be about 100 μm.

As the second electrode, an electrode having light transmissivity so that the display layer can be visually recognized is preferable. In particular,
Tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) and zinc-doped indium oxide (IZO) are preferable. These oxides may deviate somewhat from their stoichiometric composition. In ₂ O ₃
The mixing ratio of SnO ₂ with respect to is 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably 5 to 12% by mass. Also, In ₂ in IZO
The mixing ratio of ZnO to O ₃ is usually about 12 to 32 mass%. Alternatively, a resin material having conductivity may be used.

The thickness of the transparent electrode is preferably 50 to 500 nm, particularly preferably 50 to 300 nm when formed by a vapor deposition method. Further, the upper limit is not particularly limited, but if it is too thick, there is a concern that the transmittance may decrease or peeling may occur. If the thickness is too thin, a sufficient effect cannot be obtained, and there is a problem in film strength during production.

The light transmittance of the transparent electrode is preferably 60% or more, more preferably 7 in the visible light region.
It is preferable to have a transmittance of 0% or more, particularly 80% or more.

A protective layer may be further formed on the second electrode. As the protective layer, an inorganic layer such as SiO ₂ or an organic layer using a resin material can be used.

The microcapsules or cells 8 for forming the minute regions have a structure containing a dispersion system in which electrophoretic particles (charged particles) 2 are dispersed in at least a liquid solvent 4.

Here, an outline of a method of manufacturing the microcapsules 8 used in the present invention will be described.

As a method of microencapsulation, it is possible to prepare by a method which is already known in the art. For example, US Pat. No. 28004
57, No. 2800458 and the like, a phase separation method from an aqueous solution, Japanese Patent Publication No. 38-19574,
In-situ polymerization by the interfacial polymerization method as shown in JP-A-42-446, 42-771 and the like, and polymerization of monomers shown in JP-B-36-9168 and JP-A-51-9079. (In-situ) method, melt-dispersion cooling method and the like shown in British Patent Nos. 952807 and 965074, but are not limited thereto.

The material for forming the outer wall portion of the microcapsule 8 may be an inorganic substance or an organic substance as long as the outer wall portion can be produced by the capsule manufacturing method, but a material that allows sufficient light transmission is preferable. . Specific examples include gelatin, gum arabic, starch, sodium alginate,
Examples thereof include polyvinyl alcohol, polyethylene, polyamide, polyester, polyurethane, polyurea, polyurethane, polystyrene, nitrocellulose, ethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, melamine-formaldehyde resin, urea-formaldehyde resin, and copolymers thereof.

The particle size of the microcapsules 8 is theoretically preferably as small as possible in order to realize a high-resolution display device, but since it has a structure containing the charged particles 2, it is actually about It is preferably 5 μm or more and about 200 μm or less.

As the solvent 4, water, alcohols, hydrocarbons, halogenated hydrocarbons, and various natural or synthetic oils can be used.

First, the electrophoretic particles 2 are uniformly dispersed in the solvent 4. Further, this dispersion is stirred and mixed with distilled water added with a surfactant to prepare an emulsion of the dispersion.
The size of the dispersion emulsion is adjusted to a desired size by the stirring speed or the type and amount of the emulsifier and the surfactant. Moreover, if necessary, one or more kinds of emulsifiers, surfactants, electrolytes, lubricants, stabilizers and the like can be appropriately added.

Two types of charged particles having different color tones and different charging polarities (for example, white charged particles and black charged particles) may be included in the microcapsules 8 together with the liquid solvent 4 by the interfacial polymerization method. .

At this time, the electrophoretic particles 2 preferably have a dispersity of a particle size distribution represented by volume average particle diameter / number average particle diameter of about 2 or less.

Here, the volume average particle diameter means a particle diameter such that when the volume of each particle diameter is accumulated in order from the smallest particle diameter to the largest particle diameter, the cumulative value is 50% of the total volume. On the other hand, the number average particle diameter means a value obtained by dividing the sum of products of each particle diameter and the number thereof by the total number.

Since electrophoretic particles having a dispersity of more than about 2 do not have a uniform particle size, when the capsule 8 is actually manufactured,
This causes a problem that only one large electrophoretic particle exists in the capsule 8. Further, in order to avoid this problem, it is necessary to increase the particle size of the capsule 8, which causes a reduction in image resolution.

Since the electrophoretic particles 2 having a dispersity of about 2 or less have a uniform particle size, the electrophoretic particles 2 are uniformly dispersed when dispersed in the solvent 4, and the inclusion amount of the electrophoretic particles 2 in the microcapsules 8 is made uniform. It becomes possible to control. The dispersity of 1 means that the volume average particle diameter and the number average particle diameter are the same, which means that the particles are completely uniformly dispersed.

The average particle diameter of the electrophoretic particles 2 is about 1/1000 or more, or about 1/100 or less, of the particle diameter of the microcapsules 8.
It is preferably / 5 or less. In the microcapsule 8 containing the electrophoretic particles 2 having a particle size of about ⅕ or more of that of the microcapsules 10, when the electric field is applied to form an image, the electrophoretic particles (especially the electrophoretic particles having different polarities) from each other are formed. The migration is hindered and the response speed is extremely reduced. In addition, the electrophoretic particles 2 having a particle diameter of about 1/1000 or less of the microcapsules 8 are aggregated in the microcapsules 8, which causes deterioration of responsiveness to an electric field and display unevenness.

The amount of the electrophoretic particles 2 in the microcapsules 8 is such that the volume of the electrophoretic particles 2 is about 1.5% or more and about 25% or less of the volume of the microcapsules 8, respectively, and It is preferable to adjust the total volume of all the electrophoretic particles 2 contained in the microcapsules 8 to be about 1.5% or more and about 50% or less with respect to the volume of the microcapsules 8.

When the volume of the electrophoretic particles 2 contained in the microcapsules 8 is about 1.5% or less of the volume of the microcapsules 8, the electrophoretic particles 2 are moved to the end of the microcapsule wall by the control electric field. However, it cannot occupy one-half of the capsule hemisphere, and the observer's eyes are exposed to the low contrast, or the color of mixed pigments and particles of different colors.

The volume of the electrophoretic particles having different charging polarities is about 25% or more of the volume of the microcapsule 8, and the total volume of the electrophoretic particles contained in the microcapsule 8 is the microcapsule 10. When it is about 50% or more with respect to the volume, when the electrophoretic particles respond to the control electric field, the mutual particles interfere with each other due to collision. For this reason, the response speed from the application of the control electric field to the completion of image formation is remarkably reduced.

As the electrophoretic particles 2, polymer particles can be preferably used. In addition to the polymer particles, well-known colloidal particles, various organic / inorganic pigments, dyes, metal powder, glass, pulverized fine powder of resin, etc. may be mentioned.
It is difficult for these to easily satisfy all of uniform particle size, colorability and chargeability.

Examples of the method for producing polymerized particles include suspension polymerization method, emulsion polymerization method, solution polymerization method and dispersion polymerization method. Among these, it is preferable to produce the particles by a dispersion polymerization method, an emulsion polymerization method, or a solution polymerization method in terms of controlling the particle diameter uniformly.

The composition material of the polymer particles includes methyl acrylate, ethyl acrylate, n-butyl acrylate, iso-butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, cyclohexyl acrylate, tetrahydrofurfuryl acrylate, methyl methacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, n as the starting monomer. -Butyl methacrylate,
iso-butyl methacrylate, 2-ethylhexyl methacrylate, stearyl methacrylate, lauryl methacrylate, methyl vinyl ether, ethyl vinyl ether, n-propyl vinyl ether, iso-butyl vinyl ether, n-butyl vinyl ether, styrene, α-methylstyrene, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile,
Vinyl acetate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, vinyl fluoride, vinylidene fluoride, ethylene, propylene, isoprene, chloroprene, butadiene and the like can be used.

Further, a monomer having a functional group such as a carboxyl group, a hydroxyl group, a methylol group, an amino group, an acid amide group and a glycidyl group may be mixed with the above-mentioned monomer. Those having a carboxyl group are acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, etc., those having a hydroxyl group are β-hydroxyethyl acrylate, β-hydroxyethyl methacrylate, β-hydroxypropyl acrylate, β-hydroxypropyl methacrylate, allyl alcohol, etc. , Those having a methylol group are N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, etc., those having an amino group are dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, etc., those having an acid amide group are acrylamide, methacrylamide, etc., glycidyl Examples of those having a group include glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, and glycidyl allyl ether. Further, it is possible to use these monomers alone or to mix a plurality of monomers.

Various dyes can be used as the coloring material for the polymer particles. Further, charge control agents such as a quaternary ammonium salt, a nigrosine compound, and an azo compound can be used for charge control of the polymer particles. In the polymerized particles, these coloring and imparting charge are swollen by immersing the polymerized particles in an appropriate solvent, a colorant and a charge-imparting agent are incorporated into the particles, and the solvent is diluted after incorporation, It is possible to securely fix the colorant and the charge-imparting agent in the polymer particles. For this reason, in the polymerized particles, it is possible to make the particle diameters uniform and to ensure desired coloring and chargeability not affected by the colorant.

In the present invention, the solvent 4 may contain a swelling layered clay mineral. Smectite is preferred as the swellable layered clay mineral. Smectites, the unit structure as shown in FIG. 3, a kind of layered silicate, two tetrahedral sheets of Si-O 4 ₄ tetrahedron has spread to share oxygen vertices hexagonal mesh-like basically , The remaining apexes of oxygen are faced to each other, and a cation is sandwiched between them to form an oxygen octahedron sheet, and a 2: 1 structure is formed as a unit layer, which has an overlapping structure. And swell in the solvent,
The layered structure collapses and exhibits colloidal properties. Therefore, the guest substance has a high adsorbing ability, and the existing cations easily adsorb, for example, the anions of the display particles, and the retention property is remarkably excellent.

The smectite includes natural ones and industrially synthesized ones. In the present invention, either a natural product or a synthetic product may be used, but an industrially synthesized product is preferable in view of the characteristics in a solvent or the absence of impurities.

Synthetic smectites are commercially available as industrially synthesized products. As commercially available synthetic smectites, there are a hydrophilic type that swells in water and collapses the layered structure to become colloidal and exhibits viscosity, and a lipophilic type that exhibits colloidal properties in an organic solvent and exhibits viscosity. . As a hydrophilic type, there is a hydrophilic smectite commercially available as SWN (manufactured by Coop Chemical Co., Ltd.), but a lipophilic one is preferable in the present invention.

The lipophilic smectite is obtained by replacing Na ions and the like in the layered structure of the hydrophilic smectite with organic ions which can be solvated with a low polar solvent, a high polar solvent and the like. Such an organic ion is not particularly limited, but examples thereof include tetramethylammonium, tetraethylammonium, and the like, such as quaternary ammonium having an alkyl group having about 1 to 10 carbon atoms.

By selecting an organic ion to be substituted, it is well dispersed in various organic solvents to exhibit colloidal properties and viscosity, and further has excellent properties of intercalating guest substances such as ink and its solvent. It has. Such lipophilic smectites include SAN, STN,
Some are commercially available as SEN and SPN (both manufactured by Corp Chemical). Among these, SAN and STN, which have an affinity with many organic solvents, are preferable.

As described above, such smectites have the property of increasing the viscosity of the solution by swelling in a solvent and exhibiting a colloidal property, both hydrophilic and lipophilic. When left standing, this colloid forms a bulky network structure due to hydrogen bonding and exhibits elastic behavior. However, when an external force is applied to this, the bond is weak and the network structure easily breaks and exhibits fluidity. Therefore, by including smectite, the migration medium 1 can be provided with a thixotropic property, the retention capacity of display particles is improved, and the display is stabilized.

The content of smectite is preferably 0.01 to 20% by mass of the electrophoretic medium, more preferably 0.1 to 20% by mass.
15% by mass, particularly preferably 1 to 10% by mass.

The specific surface area of the smectite used is preferably 200 to 1000 m ² / g, more preferably 500 to 1
000 m ² / g, particularly preferably 710 to 800 m ² / g.

The average major axis of smectites observed in an irregular shape when observed with an optical microscope is preferably 0.1 to 100 μm, more preferably 0.5 to 50 μm.
μm, particularly preferably 1 to 45 μm.

The binder for dispersing and holding the microcapsules is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of dispersing and holding the microcapsules 8 and forming a display layer by a coating method or the like. Specific examples include cellulose derivatives, polyvinyl alcohol, acrylic derivatives, soluble starch, gelatin and the like.

The binder may contain additives, and examples of such additives include polyalkylene glycol, fatty acid ammonium salt, fatty acid, fatty acid ester, wax, polyhydric alcohol, silicone oil and the like. .

The binder and microcapsules are preferably dissolved and dispersed in a coating solvent before use. The coating solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of dissolving the binder and hardly dissolving the microcapsules. Specific examples include water, alcohols, fatty acids, hydrocarbons, ketones, aldehydes and the like.

The content of the binder in the coating solvent depends on the kind of the binder, but is preferably 1 to 40% by mass,
Particularly, it is about 10 to 30% by mass. The content of microcapsules in the coating solvent depends on the type of binder,
It is preferably 1 to 95% by volume, particularly about 50 to 90% by volume.

The display layer is prepared by mixing the microcapsules having the above-mentioned structure, a resin binder and, if necessary, an additive, and dissolving the mixture in a coating solvent to apply or spray it onto the surface of a three-dimensional substrate having conductivity. Form.

As a method for imparting conductivity to the substrate,
A thin film layer of a metal or a conductive substance may be formed on the display area of the substrate surface by electroless plating, a plating method such as a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD method, or a vapor deposition method. You may use the material which has.

As a coating method, for example, a roll coater, brush coating, dipping, screen printing or the like can be used.

As a method for forming the transparent electrode to be the second electrode, a transparent electrode material of indium oxide or tin oxide such as ITO or IZO may be formed by a sputtering method, a vapor deposition method, a CVD method or the like. Alternatively, a resin material containing a conductive substance may be applied, or a coating method such as laminating may be used.

In the display device of the present embodiment having the above configuration, for example, as shown in FIG. 2, the switch SW is closed to connect to the power source E, a voltage is applied to the electrodes 5 and 6, and an electric field for migration is applied. Is applied, the electrophoretic particles 2 move upward in the microcapsules 8 in response to the electric field,
A desired image can be displayed by recognizing the image through the electrode 6.

[0059]

EXAMPLES The display device of this embodiment will be described below with reference to examples and comparative examples. Example 1 A highly airtight latex balloon was used as a substrate having a three-dimensional shape. On this, a conductive coating material was formed as a first electrode by a spraying method to have a film thickness of 10 μm.

Charged particles: Styrene particles by a dispersion polymerization method (specific gravity 1.1 g / cm ³ ). Polyvinylpyrrolidone (plus polarity) is used as the charging agent, E-84 manufactured by Orient Chemical Co., Ltd.
(Minus polarity) was used, and the negative polarity particles were colored black with Nippon Kayaku disperse dye Kayaron Polyester S-200.

Solvent: EXXON Isopar G (specific gravity 0.75
g / cm ³ ) Capsule wall material: Gelatin Emulsifier aqueous solution:
Vinyl ethyl ether maleic anhydride copolymer 3% aqueous solution White charged particles having an average particle size of 3 μm and a particle size distribution of 1.3, and an average particle size of 3 μm and a particle size distribution of 1.
The black charged particles of No. 3 and the solvent were mixed in a ratio of white charged particles: black charged particles: liquid dispersion medium = 22: 22: 45, and sufficiently dispersed by a stirrer and ultrasonic waves. This dispersion solution and distilled water containing 3% of an emulsifier were mixed and stirred with a stirrer to form an emulsion. A capsule wall material was added during stirring and mixing to obtain 100 μm microcapsules containing two kinds of charged particles and a liquid dispersion medium.
The volume ratio of charged particles in the microcapsules was white charged particles (20%) and black charged particles (20%).

The microcapsules and a water-soluble acrylic resin as a binder were dissolved / dispersed in distilled water in a mass ratio of 2: 1.

The obtained display layer material was formed by a spraying method so as to have a film thickness of 200 μm when dried.

Next, ITO is used as the second electrode and RF
A film having a thickness of 1 μm was formed by the sputtering method. Further, an acrylic resin layer was formed as a protective layer by a dipping method.

A voltage was applied between the first electrode and the second electrode of the obtained display device, and the response of image formation to the electric field was observed. As a result, it was confirmed that the electrophoretic particles moved according to the applied voltage and an image was formed.

<Example 2> In Example 1, trimethylbenzene (TMB): 10 g was used as a solvent, and a phthalocyanine dye (S
olvent Blue 70): 0.5 g, smectite (manufactured by Coop Chemical Co., Ltd., trade name: SAN) 2.5 g, dispersant (manufactured by NOF Corporation, trade name: Marialim) 0.5
g was dispersed and dissolved, and further, titania (average particle diameter: 0.5 μm): 1 g was dispersed as electrophoretic particles to obtain microcapsules. A display element was formed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the above, and substantially the same results as in Example 1 were obtained.

[0067]

As described above, according to the present invention, it is possible to deal with a display surface having a complicated shape such as a three-dimensional structure, there is no display unevenness, and a display device can be driven with low power, and a display. A device can be provided.

[Brief description of drawings]

FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing a schematic configuration of a display device according to an embodiment of the present invention.

FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a state in which charged particles are dispersed in a liquid dispersion medium.

FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a crystal structure of smectite.

FIG. 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic configuration of a conventional electrophoretic display device.

FIG. 5 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing the basic configuration of a conventional electrophoretic display device.

[Explanation of symbols]

1 base 2 electrophoretic particles 4 Liquid solvent 5 electrodes 6 electrodes 8 microcapsules

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Claims (11)

(57) [Claims] 1. A first electrode is provided on a substrate having a plurality of shapes having different curvatures, and at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles are contained on the first electrode to provide a display function by electrophoresis. A display device having a display layer having the second electrode, and further having a second electrode on the display layer. 2. The microscopic region of the display layer is formed of a structure composed of microcapsules or cells.
Display device. 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the display layer is filled with a material that imparts thixotropic properties to a dispersion liquid containing at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles. 4. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the material that imparts thixotropic properties to the dispersion liquid is a swellable layered clay mineral. 5. The display device according to claim 4, wherein the swellable layered clay mineral is smectite. 6. The content of the swellable layered clay mineral is
The display device according to claim 4, which is 0.01 to 20% by weight. 7. A first electrode is formed on a substrate having a plurality of shapes having different curvatures, a display layer having a display function by electrophoresis is formed on the first electrode, and the display layer is further formed. A method for manufacturing a display device in which a second electrode is formed on the display device. 8. The method of manufacturing a display device according to claim 7, wherein the display layer is formed by a coating method. 9. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 7, wherein the display layer is formed by a spraying method. 10. The method for manufacturing a display device according to claim 7, wherein the minute region of the display layer is formed of a structure including microcapsules or cells. 11. The method of manufacturing a display device according to claim 7, wherein the display layer is filled with a material that imparts thixotropic properties to a dispersion liquid containing at least a solvent and electrophoretic particles.