JP2009096925A - Automatic transmission fluid and method for producing it - Google Patents
Automatic transmission fluid and method for producing it Download PDFInfo
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- JP2009096925A JP2009096925A JP2007271536A JP2007271536A JP2009096925A JP 2009096925 A JP2009096925 A JP 2009096925A JP 2007271536 A JP2007271536 A JP 2007271536A JP 2007271536 A JP2007271536 A JP 2007271536A JP 2009096925 A JP2009096925 A JP 2009096925A
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- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 14
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims description 8
- 239000002199 base oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 41
- 239000010718 automatic transmission oil Substances 0.000 claims description 19
- 239000002480 mineral oil Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000010446 mineral oil Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 22
- 239000010687 lubricating oil Substances 0.000 abstract description 10
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 abstract description 6
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 8
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 8
- -1 polyalkylstyrene Polymers 0.000 description 8
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M Methacrylate Chemical compound CC(=C)C([O-])=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- 238000004821 distillation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 4
- ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Butanone Chemical compound CCC(C)=O ZWEHNKRNPOVVGH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002518 antifoaming agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003963 antioxidant agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000314 lubricant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005292 vacuum distillation Methods 0.000 description 3
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000004517 catalytic hydrocracking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000002270 dispersing agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N furfural Chemical compound O=CC1=CC=CO1 HYBBIBNJHNGZAN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N iron(III) oxide Inorganic materials O=[Fe]O[Fe]=O JEIPFZHSYJVQDO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000006078 metal deactivator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003607 modifier Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920013639 polyalphaolefin Polymers 0.000 description 2
- KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N succinimide Chemical compound O=C1CCC(=O)N1 KZNICNPSHKQLFF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920002367 Polyisobutene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000013019 agitation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001298 alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008431 aliphatic amides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052784 alkaline earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000001336 alkenes Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000003078 antioxidant effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N benzotriazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N[N][N]C2=C1 QRUDEWIWKLJBPS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000012964 benzotriazole Substances 0.000 description 1
- KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N boric acid Chemical compound OB(O)O KGBXLFKZBHKPEV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004327 boric acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920001038 ethylene copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009472 formulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000012535 impurity Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N olefin Natural products CCCCCCCC=C JRZJOMJEPLMPRA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003014 phosphoric acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003873 salicylate salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003377 silicon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003048 styrene butadiene rubber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000003900 succinic acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229960002317 succinimide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
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Abstract
Description
本発明は、自動変速機油及びその製造方法に関し、特には、低粘度でありながら、基油の粘度が高く、また、高温高せん断粘度が高く、油膜保持性能に優れるため、耐摩耗性、耐ピッチング性等に優れ、せん断安定性も良好で、低温粘度特性にも優れる自動変速機油及びその製造方法に関するものである。 The present invention relates to an automatic transmission oil and a method for producing the same, and in particular, although it has a low viscosity, it has a high base oil viscosity, a high high temperature and high shear viscosity, and an excellent oil film holding performance. The present invention relates to an automatic transmission oil having excellent pitching properties and the like, good shear stability, and excellent low-temperature viscosity characteristics, and a method for producing the same.
近年、炭酸ガス削減を目的とする自動車の省燃費化が急務となっており、変速機用潤滑油についても燃費向上への寄与が求められている。これに関し、変速機等の省燃費化手段の一つとして、潤滑油の低粘度化が挙げられる。例えば、変速機の中でも自動車用自動変速機は、トルクコンバータ、湿式クラッチ、歯車軸受機構、オイルポンプ、油圧制御機構等を有しており、これらに使用される潤滑油をより低粘度化することにより、トルクコンバータ、湿式クラッチ、歯車軸受機構及びオイルポンプ等の撹拌抵抗及び摩擦抵抗が低減されて、動力の伝達効率が向上することで、自動車の燃費の向上が可能となる。しかしながら、潤滑油を低粘度化するために、潤滑油に用いる基油の低粘度化を図ると、油膜厚さが減少し、摩耗やピッチングの発生につながる等の問題が生じる。 In recent years, there has been an urgent need to reduce the fuel consumption of automobiles for the purpose of reducing carbon dioxide, and transmission lubricants are also required to contribute to improving fuel efficiency. In this regard, one of fuel saving means such as a transmission is to reduce the viscosity of the lubricating oil. For example, an automatic transmission for automobiles among transmissions has a torque converter, a wet clutch, a gear bearing mechanism, an oil pump, a hydraulic control mechanism, etc., and lowers the viscosity of the lubricating oil used in these. Thus, the agitation resistance and frictional resistance of the torque converter, the wet clutch, the gear bearing mechanism, the oil pump, and the like are reduced, and the power transmission efficiency is improved, so that the fuel efficiency of the automobile can be improved. However, if the viscosity of the base oil used in the lubricating oil is reduced in order to reduce the viscosity of the lubricating oil, the oil film thickness decreases, causing problems such as the occurrence of wear and pitting.
上記の問題を解決するために、基油及び添加剤に工夫が施されており、疲労寿命が長く、シャダー防止維持性能、低温粘度特性及び酸化安定性に優れた変速機用潤滑油組成物が提案されている（特許文献１参照）。 In order to solve the above problems, a base oil and an additive have been devised, and a lubricating oil composition for a transmission having a long fatigue life, excellent anti-shudder performance, low-temperature viscosity characteristics and oxidation stability is provided. It has been proposed (see Patent Document 1).
しかしながら、上記特許文献に開示の変速機用潤滑油組成物は、低温における粘度特性につき改善がなされているが、なお十分とはいえず、又せん断安定性については配慮がなされていない等不満が残る。 However, although the transmission lubricating oil composition disclosed in the above-mentioned patent document has been improved in terms of viscosity characteristics at low temperatures, it is still not satisfactory, and there is a dissatisfaction such that no consideration is given to shear stability. Remain.
本発明は、このような事情に鑑みて為されたもので、燃費向上のため低粘度でありながら、基油の粘度が高いため、せん断安定性、潤滑油寿命等の性能が低下せず、高温高せん断（ＨＴＨＳ）粘度が高く、油膜保持性能に優れるため、耐摩耗性、耐ピッチング性等に優れ、せん断安定性も良好で、低温粘度特性にも優れる自動変速機油を提供することにある。 The present invention has been made in view of such circumstances, and because the viscosity of the base oil is high while being low viscosity for improving fuel efficiency, performance such as shear stability, lubricating oil life, etc. does not decrease, The object is to provide an automatic transmission oil that has high high temperature and high shear (HTHS) viscosity, excellent oil film retention performance, excellent wear resistance, pitting resistance, etc., good shear stability, and excellent low temperature viscosity characteristics. .
本発明者らは、上記課題を解決するため鋭意研究を行ったところ、基油に粘度指数向上剤を配合してなり、100℃での動粘度、粘度指数、-40℃でのブルックフィールド粘度、150℃での高温高せん断（ＨＴＨＳ）粘度及び超音波せん断試験（1h）後の100℃での動粘度が特定の範囲にある自動変速機油が上記課題を解決することを見出し、本発明を完成させるに至った。 The inventors of the present invention have made extensive studies to solve the above-mentioned problems. As a result, the base oil is blended with a viscosity index improver, and kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C., viscosity index, Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. The present invention has found that an automatic transmission fluid having a high temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ° C. and a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. after an ultrasonic shear test (1 h) is in a specific range solves the above problems. It came to complete.
即ち、本発明の自動変速機油は、（Ａ）基油に（Ｂ）粘度指数向上剤を含有してなり、
（Ｃ１）100℃での動粘度が5.7〜6.2 mm2/sで、
（Ｃ２）粘度指数が150以上で、
（Ｃ３）-40℃でのブルックフィールド粘度が15,000 mPa・s以下で、
（Ｃ４）150℃での高温高せん断（ＨＴＨＳ）粘度が2.10 mPa・s以上で且つ
（Ｃ５）超音波せん断試験（1h）後の100℃での動粘度が5.7 mm2/s以上であることを特徴とする。
That is, the automatic transmission oil of the present invention comprises (B) a viscosity index improver in (A) base oil,
(C1) Kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is 5.7 to 6.2 mm 2 / s,
(C2) The viscosity index is 150 or more,
(C3) Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C is 15,000 mPa · s or less,
(C4) High-temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ° C is 2.10 mPa · s or more, and (C5) Kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C after ultrasonic shear test (1h) is 5.7 mm 2 / s or more. It is characterized by.
また、本発明の自動変速機油の製造方法は、上記の自動変速機油の製造方法であって、
（Ｄ１）100℃での動粘度が4.00〜4.30 mm2/sで且つ
（Ｄ２）粘度指数が120以上である
（Ｄ３）鉱油系基油に、
（Ｂ）粘度指数向上剤を添加することを特徴とする。
Moreover, the manufacturing method of the automatic transmission fluid of the present invention is the above-described manufacturing method of the automatic transmission fluid,
(D1) a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 4.00 to 4.30 mm 2 / s and (D2) a viscosity index of 120 or more (D3)
(B) A viscosity index improver is added.
本発明によれば、燃費向上のため低粘度でありながら、基油の粘度が高いため、せん断安定性、潤滑油寿命等の性能が低下せず、高温高せん断粘度が高く、油膜保持性能に優れるため、耐摩耗性、耐ピッチング性等に優れ、せん断安定性も良好で、低温粘度特性にも優れる自動変速機油を提供することができる。また、かかる自動変速機油の製造方法を提供することができる。 According to the present invention, since the viscosity of the base oil is high to improve fuel efficiency, the viscosity of the base oil is high, so that the performance such as shear stability and lubricating oil life is not deteriorated, the high temperature high shear viscosity is high, and the oil film holding performance is improved. Since it is excellent, it is possible to provide an automatic transmission oil that is excellent in wear resistance, pitting resistance, etc., has good shear stability, and has excellent low-temperature viscosity characteristics. Moreover, the manufacturing method of this automatic transmission oil can be provided.
以下に、本発明を更に詳細に説明する。本発明の自動変速機油は、（Ａ）基油に（Ｂ）粘度指数向上剤を含有してなり、（Ｃ１）100℃での動粘度、（Ｃ２）粘度指数、（Ｃ３）-40℃でのブルックフィールド粘度、（Ｃ４）150℃での高温高せん断（ＨＴＨＳ）粘度及び（Ｃ５）超音波せん断試験（1h）後の100℃での動粘度が特定の範囲にあることを特徴とし、好ましくは、（Ｄ１）100℃での動粘度及び（Ｄ２）粘度指数が特定の範囲にある（Ｄ３）鉱油系基油に、（Ｂ）粘度指数向上剤を添加して製造される。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail. The automatic transmission fluid of the present invention comprises (A) a base oil containing (B) a viscosity index improver, (C1) kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C, (C2) viscosity index, (C3) at -40 ° C. Brookfield viscosity, (C4) high temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ° C. and (C5) kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. after ultrasonic shear test (1 h) are in a specific range, preferably Is produced by adding (B) a viscosity index improver to (D3) mineral base oil having a dynamic viscosity at 100 ° C. and (D2) viscosity index in a specific range.
本発明の自動変速機油は、100℃での動粘度が5.7 mm2/s以上で且つ150℃での高温高せん断（ＨＴＨＳ）粘度が2.10 mPa・s以上であるため、油膜保持性能に優れ、その結果として、耐摩耗性、耐ピッチング性等に優れる。また、本発明の自動変速機油は、100℃での動粘度が6.2 mm2/s以下で、粘度指数が150以上で且つ-40℃のブルックフィールド粘度が15,000 mPa・s以下であるため、低温流動性にも優れる。更に、本発明の自動変速機油は、超音波せん断試験（1h）後の100℃での動粘度が5.7 mm2/s以上であるため、せん断安定性にも優れる。 The automatic transmission oil of the present invention has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 5.7 mm 2 / s or more and a high temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ° C. of 2.10 mPa · s or more, so it has excellent oil film retention performance. As a result, it is excellent in wear resistance, pitting resistance and the like. Further, the automatic transmission oil of the present invention has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of 6.2 mm 2 / s or less, a viscosity index of 150 or more, and a Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C of 15,000 mPa · s or less. Excellent fluidity. Furthermore, since the automatic transmission oil of the present invention has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. after the ultrasonic shear test (1 h) of 5.7 mm 2 / s or more, it has excellent shear stability.
本発明の自動変速機油は、（Ｃ１）100℃での動粘度が5.7〜6.2 mm2/sであり、好ましくは、5.8〜6.2 mm2/sである。自動変速機油の100℃での動粘度が5.7 mm2/s未満の場合は、十分な油膜保持性能を確保できず、一方、自動変速機油の100℃での動粘度が6.2 mm2/sを超える場合は、十分な低温流動性を示さない上、変速機の燃費を十分向上させることができない。 The automatic transmission oil of the present invention has (C1) a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 5.7 to 6.2 mm 2 / s, preferably 5.8 to 6.2 mm 2 / s. If the automatic transmission fluid has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of less than 5.7 mm 2 / s, sufficient oil film retention performance cannot be secured, while the automatic transmission fluid has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of 6.2 mm 2 / s. When exceeding, it does not show sufficient low-temperature fluidity, and the fuel consumption of the transmission cannot be sufficiently improved.
本発明の自動変速機油は、（Ｃ２）粘度指数が150以上であり、好ましくは、155〜220である。自動変速機油の粘度指数が150未満の場合は、十分な低温流動性を示さない。 The automatic transmission oil of the present invention has (C2) a viscosity index of 150 or more, preferably 155 to 220. When the viscosity index of the automatic transmission oil is less than 150, sufficient low-temperature fluidity is not exhibited.
本発明の自動変速機油は、（Ｃ３）-40℃でのブルックフィールド粘度が15,000 mPa・s以下であり、好ましくは、4,000〜14,500 mPa・sである。-40℃でのブルックフィールド粘度が15,000 mPa・sを超える場合は、十分な低温流動性を示さない。 The automatic transmission fluid of the present invention has (C3) a Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. of 15,000 mPa · s or less, preferably 4,000 to 14,500 mPa · s. When the Brookfield viscosity at -40 ° C exceeds 15,000 mPa · s, sufficient low-temperature fluidity is not exhibited.
本発明の自動変速機油は、（Ｃ４）150℃での高温高せん断（ＨＴＨＳ）粘度が2.10 mPa・s以上であり、好ましくは、2.15〜2.60 mPa・sである。150℃での高温高せん断（ＨＴＨＳ）粘度が2.10 mPa・s未満の場合は、十分な油膜保持性能を確保できず、結果として、耐摩耗性、耐ピッチング性等を十分確保できなくなる。 The automatic transmission oil of the present invention has (C4) a high temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ° C. of 2.10 mPa · s or more, preferably 2.15 to 2.60 mPa · s. When the high-temperature high-shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ° C. is less than 2.10 mPa · s, sufficient oil film retention performance cannot be secured, and as a result, sufficient wear resistance, pitting resistance, etc. cannot be secured.
本発明の自動変速機油は、（Ｃ５）超音波せん断試験（1h）後の100℃での動粘度が5.7 mm2/s以上であり、好ましくは、5.7〜6.2 mm2/sである。超音波せん断試験（1h）後の100℃での動粘度が5.7 mm2/s未満の場合は、十分なせん断安定性を確保できなくなる。 The automatic transmission oil of the present invention has (C5) kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. after the ultrasonic shear test (1 h) of 5.7 mm 2 / s or more, preferably 5.7 to 6.2 mm 2 / s. If the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C after the ultrasonic shear test (1h) is less than 5.7 mm 2 / s, sufficient shear stability cannot be secured.
本発明の自動変速機油に用いる（Ａ）基油としては、（Ｄ３）鉱油系基油が好ましい。該鉱油系基油としては、公知の鉱油を用いることができる。例えば、公知の方法により、原油を原料として製造されたニュートラル油や、ブライトストック、常圧蒸留及び減圧蒸留で得られた油をフルフラール等の溶剤で抽出処理し、得られたラフィネートを高圧下にて水素化精製して硫黄分等の不純物を除去した油を、更にメチルエチルケトン等の溶剤で脱ロウ処理した溶剤脱ロウ基油、また、常圧蒸留及び減圧蒸留で得られた油を高圧下にて水素化分解し、減圧蒸留で分留した後に高圧下で水素化脱ロウした水素化分解基油、また、常圧蒸留及び減圧蒸留で得られた油を高圧下で水素化脱ロウし、更に高圧下で水素化精製した水素化精製基油等を挙げることができる。これら基油は、１種単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を組み合わせて使用してもよい。 As the base oil (A) used in the automatic transmission oil of the present invention, (D3) mineral oil base oil is preferable. A known mineral oil can be used as the mineral oil base oil. For example, a neutral oil produced using crude oil as a raw material by a known method, or oil obtained by bright stock, atmospheric distillation or vacuum distillation is extracted with a solvent such as furfural, and the resulting raffinate is subjected to high pressure. The oil from which impurities such as sulfur are removed by hydrorefining and solvent dewaxing base oil obtained by dewaxing with a solvent such as methyl ethyl ketone, and the oil obtained by atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation under high pressure Hydrocracking, hydrocracking base oil that was hydrodewaxed under high pressure after fractionating by distillation under reduced pressure, and hydrodewaxing oil obtained by atmospheric distillation and vacuum distillation under high pressure, Further examples include hydrorefined base oils hydrorefined under high pressure. These base oils may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
上記（Ｄ３）鉱油系基油は、（Ｄ１）100℃での動粘度が4.00〜4.30 mm2/sの範囲であることが好ましく、4.10〜4.30 mm2/sの範囲であることが更に好ましく、また、（Ｄ２）粘度指数が120以上であることが好ましく、120〜150の範囲であることが更に好ましい。基油の100℃での動粘度が4.00 mm2/sを下回る場合は、十分な油膜保持性能を確保できず、一方、基油の100℃の動粘度が4.30 mm2/sを上回る場合、または基油の粘度指数が120を下回る場合は、十分な低温流動性を示さない。 Above (D3) mineral base oil is more preferably in the range of preferably, 4.10 to 4.30 mm 2 / s in a range kinematic viscosity of from 4.00 to 4.30 mm 2 / s at (D1) 100 ° C. In addition, (D2) the viscosity index is preferably 120 or more, and more preferably in the range of 120 to 150. If the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of less than 4.00 mm 2 / s, sufficient oil film retention performance cannot be secured, while if the base oil has a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C of more than 4.30 mm 2 / s, Alternatively, when the viscosity index of the base oil is less than 120, sufficient low temperature fluidity is not exhibited.
本発明の自動変速機油に用いる（Ｂ）粘度指数向上剤としては、ポリアルキルメタクリレート系、アルキルメタクリレート−プロピレンコポリマー系、アルキルメタクリレート−エチレンコポリマー系、ポリイソブチレン、ポリアルキルスチレン、エチレン−プロピレンコポリマー系、スチレン−ブタジエンコポリマー系、スチレン−無水マレイン酸エステル共重合体系の化合物等が挙げられ、これらの中でも、ポリアルキルメタクリレート（ＰＭＡ）が好ましい。また、該ポリアルキルメタクリレート（ＰＭＡ）の重量平均分子量は、20,000〜100,000の範囲が好ましく、20,000〜60,000の範囲が更に好ましい。これら粘度指数向上剤は、１種単独で用いてもよいし、２種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。また、これら粘度指数向上剤の添加量は、1〜20質量％の範囲が好ましく、1〜10質量％の範囲が更に好ましく、2〜5質量％の範囲が特に好ましい。粘度指数向上剤を20質量％を超えて添加すると、せん断による粘度低下が大きく、一方、1質量％未満では、十分な粘度指数向上効果や低温流動性が確保できない。 As the (B) viscosity index improver used in the automatic transmission oil of the present invention, polyalkyl methacrylate, alkyl methacrylate-propylene copolymer, alkyl methacrylate-ethylene copolymer, polyisobutylene, polyalkylstyrene, ethylene-propylene copolymer, Examples include styrene-butadiene copolymer and styrene-maleic anhydride ester copolymer compounds. Among these, polyalkyl methacrylate (PMA) is preferable. The weight average molecular weight of the polyalkyl methacrylate (PMA) is preferably in the range of 20,000 to 100,000, and more preferably in the range of 20,000 to 60,000. These viscosity index improvers may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. Moreover, the addition amount of these viscosity index improvers is preferably in the range of 1 to 20% by mass, more preferably in the range of 1 to 10% by mass, and particularly preferably in the range of 2 to 5% by mass. When the viscosity index improver is added in excess of 20% by mass, the viscosity is greatly reduced by shearing. On the other hand, when the viscosity index improver is less than 1% by mass, sufficient viscosity index improvement effect and low temperature fluidity cannot be ensured.
本発明の自動変速機油には、上記粘度指数向上剤の他に、本発明の目的が損なわれない範囲で、従来から潤滑油に用いられている摩擦調整剤、磨耗防止剤、極圧剤、清浄分散剤、酸化防止剤、防錆剤、金属不活性剤、消泡剤などを適宜添加することができる。 In addition to the above viscosity index improver, the automatic transmission oil of the present invention includes friction modifiers, antiwear agents, extreme pressure agents, and the like conventionally used in lubricating oils, as long as the object of the present invention is not impaired. A cleaning dispersant, an antioxidant, a rust inhibitor, a metal deactivator, an antifoaming agent, and the like can be added as appropriate.
摩擦調整剤としては脂肪族アミン、脂肪族アミド、脂肪族イミド、アルコール、エステル、リン酸エステルアミン塩、亜リン酸エステルアミン塩等が、磨耗防止剤としてはリン酸エステル、ジアルキルジチオリン酸亜鉛等が、極圧剤としては硫化オレフィン、硫化油脂等が、分散剤としてはポリアルケニルコハク酸イミド、ポリアルケニルコハク酸エステル及びそれぞれのホウ酸変性物等が、清浄剤としてはアルカリ土類金属スフフォネート、フェネート、サリシレート等が、酸化防止剤としてはアミン系、フェノール系の酸化防止剤等が、金属不活性剤としてはベンゾトリアゾール、チアジアゾール等が、防錆剤としてはアルケニルコハク酸エステルまたはその部分エステルなどが、消泡剤としては、シリコン化合物、エステル系消泡剤等が、それぞれ挙げられる。これらはそれぞれコンポーネントで添加しても良いし、また、これらの混合物として販売されているパッケージを用いても良い。 Friction modifiers include aliphatic amines, aliphatic amides, aliphatic imides, alcohols, esters, phosphate ester amine salts, phosphite ester amine salts, etc., and wear inhibitors include phosphate esters, zinc dialkyldithiophosphates, etc. However, as an extreme pressure agent, sulfurized olefin, sulfurized oil and fat, etc., as a dispersant, polyalkenyl succinimide, polyalkenyl succinic acid ester and respective boric acid modified products, etc., as an alkaline earth metal sulfonate, Phenates, salicylates, etc. are amine-based, phenol-based antioxidants as antioxidants, benzotriazole, thiadiazole, etc. as metal deactivators, alkenyl succinic acid esters or partial esters thereof as rust inhibitors However, as antifoaming agents, silicon compounds, ester-based antifoaming agents, etc. , And the like, respectively. Each of these may be added as a component, or a package sold as a mixture thereof may be used.
以上に説明した本発明の自動変速機油は、低粘度であるため、自動車の燃費を向上させることができる上、基油の粘度が高く、高温高せん断粘度が高く、油膜保持性能に優れるため、耐摩耗性、耐ピッチング性等に優れ、更には、せん断安定性も良好で、低温粘度特性にも優れる。 Since the automatic transmission fluid of the present invention described above has a low viscosity, it can improve the fuel efficiency of automobiles, and the viscosity of the base oil is high, the high temperature high shear viscosity is high, and the oil film holding performance is excellent. It has excellent wear resistance and pitting resistance, and also has good shear stability and low temperature viscosity characteristics.
以下に、実施例を挙げて本発明を更に詳しく説明するが、本発明は下記の実施例に何ら限定されるものではない。 Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in more detail with reference to examples. However, the present invention is not limited to the following examples.
表１の上部に示す配合割合（添加量は組成物全量基準での質量％）で、下記の潤滑油基油及び添加剤を用いて、実施例１〜２及び比較例１〜６の組成物を調製した。得られた組成物の特性の測定結果を表１に示す。 Compositions of Examples 1-2 and Comparative Examples 1-6 using the following lubricant base oils and additives at the blending ratio shown in the upper part of Table 1 (addition amount is mass% based on the total amount of the composition). Was prepared. The measurement results of the properties of the obtained composition are shown in Table 1.
＜潤滑油基油＞
Ａ−１：溶剤脱ロウ基油（100℃での動粘度：4.7 mm2/s、粘度指数：102）
Ａ−２：水素化分解基油（100℃での動粘度：4.3 mm2/s、粘度指数：122）
Ａ−３：水素化分解基油（100℃での動粘度：6.7 mm2/s、粘度指数：133）
Ａ−４：水素化精製基油（100℃での動粘度：2.2 mm2/s、粘度指数：70）
Ａ−５：ポリ-α-オレフィン（100℃での動粘度：3.9 mm2/s、粘度指数：122）
Ａ−６：ポリ-α-オレフィン（100℃での動粘度：6.0 mm2/s、粘度指数：147）
<Lubricant base oil>
A-1: Solvent dewaxed base oil (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C .: 4.7 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 102)
A-2: Hydrocracked base oil (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C .: 4.3 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 122)
A-3: Hydrocracked base oil (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C .: 6.7 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 133)
A-4: Hydrorefined base oil (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C .: 2.2 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 70)
A-5: Poly-α-olefin (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C .: 3.9 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 122)
A-6: Poly-α-olefin (kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C .: 6.0 mm 2 / s, viscosity index: 147)
＜粘度指数向上剤＞
Ｂ−１：ポリアルキルメタクリレート（分散型、重量平均分子量：53,000）
Ｂ−２：ポリアルキルメタクリレート（非分散型、重量平均分子量：30,000）
Ｂ−３：ポリアルキルメタクリレート（非分散型、重量平均分子量：55,000）
<Viscosity index improver>
B-1: Polyalkylmethacrylate (dispersed, weight average molecular weight: 53,000)
B-2: Polyalkyl methacrylate (non-dispersed, weight average molecular weight: 30,000)
B-3: Polyalkyl methacrylate (non-dispersed, weight average molecular weight: 55,000)
＜その他＞
上記添加剤の他に市販のＡＴＦパッケージを全て同量ずつ加えた。
<Others>
In addition to the above additives, all commercially available ATF packages were added in equal amounts.
＜評価方法＞
（１）動粘度（40℃、100℃）及び粘度指数
ＪＩＳ Ｋ ２２８３に従って、基油及び組成物の40℃及び100℃での動粘度並びに粘度指数を測定した。
<Evaluation method>
(1) Kinematic viscosity (40 ° C., 100 ° C.) and viscosity index According to JIS K 2283, the kinematic viscosity and viscosity index at 40 ° C. and 100 ° C. of the base oil and the composition were measured.
（２）ブルックフィールド粘度（-40℃）
ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ２９８３に従って、-40℃でのブルックフィールド粘度を測定した。
(2) Brookfield viscosity (-40 ° C)
Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. was measured according to ASTM D2983.
（３）ＨＴＨＳ粘度（150℃）
ＡＳＴＭ Ｄ ４６８３に従って、せん断速度：106/sで、150℃での高温高せん断（ＨＴＨＳ）粘度を測定した。
(3) HTHS viscosity (150 ° C)
The high temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ° C. was measured according to ASTM D 4683 at a shear rate of 10 6 / s.
（４）超音波せん断試験
ＪＡＳＯ Ｍ３４７に従って、超音波せん断試験を60分間行った後の40℃及び100℃での動粘度を測定し、粘度低下率を算出した。
(4) Ultrasonic Shear Test According to JASO M347, the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C. and 100 ° C. after performing the ultrasonic shear test for 60 minutes was measured, and the viscosity reduction rate was calculated.
（５）テーパーローラベアリング（ＫＲＬ）試験
ＣＥＣ−Ｌ−４５−Ａ９９に従って、テーパーローラベアリング（ＫＲＬ）試験を60時間行った後の40℃及び100℃での動粘度を測定し、粘度低下率を算出した。
(5) Tapered roller bearing (KRL) test According to CEC-L-45-A99, the kinematic viscosity at 40 ° C and 100 ° C after the taper roller bearing (KRL) test was performed for 60 hours was measured, and the viscosity reduction rate was determined. Calculated.
以下に、実施例及び比較例を用いて本発明品について詳細に説明する。まず、比較例１に従来の自動変速機油（ＡＴＦ）の性状を示す。比較例２及び３のように、従来品から単純に粘度指数向上剤の添加量を減らした処方では、せん断安定性に劣る、及び／又はＨＴＨＳ粘度が低い。しかも基油の粘度が低い為、油膜保持性能に優れない。 Hereinafter, the product of the present invention will be described in detail using Examples and Comparative Examples. First, Comparative Example 1 shows the properties of a conventional automatic transmission fluid (ATF). As in Comparative Examples 2 and 3, a formulation in which the addition amount of the viscosity index improver is simply reduced from the conventional product is inferior in shear stability and / or has a low HTHS viscosity. Moreover, since the viscosity of the base oil is low, the oil film holding performance is not excellent.
また、比較例４のように、100℃における動粘度が4.00〜4.30 mm2/sの基油を用いても、基油の粘度指数が低いとブルックフィールド粘度が上昇し、十分な低温流動性を確保できない。しかしながら、比較例５のように基油が十分な粘度指数を有していても、基油の100℃における動粘度が4.30 mm2/sを超えると、同様にブルックフィールド粘度が上昇して十分な低温流動性を確保できない。 Further, as in Comparative Example 4, even when a base oil having a kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of 4.00 to 4.30 mm 2 / s is used, if the viscosity index of the base oil is low, the Brookfield viscosity increases and sufficient low-temperature fluidity is achieved. Cannot be secured. However, even if the base oil has a sufficient viscosity index as in Comparative Example 5, if the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. of the base oil exceeds 4.30 mm 2 / s, the Brookfield viscosity will similarly rise and be sufficient. Low temperature fluidity cannot be secured.
一方、比較例６のように、基油に合成油を使用した場合では、鉱油に比べて低温特性に優れる為、基油の100℃における動粘度及び粘度指数を共に高めても、ブルックフィールド粘度は低く、十分な低温流動性を確保できるものの、ＨＴＨＳ粘度を低下させてしまい、高温高せん断条件での油膜保持性能に優れない。 On the other hand, when synthetic oil is used as the base oil as in Comparative Example 6, since the low temperature characteristics are superior to that of mineral oil, even if both the kinematic viscosity and the viscosity index of the base oil at 100 ° C. are increased, the Brookfield viscosity Is low and sufficient low temperature fluidity can be secured, but the HTHS viscosity is lowered, and the oil film holding performance under high temperature and high shear conditions is not excellent.
これら比較例に対して、実施例１及び２として示した本発明品では、製品の粘度を従来のＡＴＦより低下させつつも、基油の粘度を上げて油膜保持性能を確保している。更に、せん断安定性、低温流動性も優れた性能を有し、良好なＡＴＦとして必要十分な性能を持っている。 In contrast to these comparative examples, in the products of the present invention shown as Examples 1 and 2, the viscosity of the base oil is increased and the oil film holding performance is secured while the product viscosity is lower than that of the conventional ATF. Furthermore, it has excellent performance in terms of shear stability and low-temperature fluidity, and has necessary and sufficient performance as a good ATF.
Claims (2)
（Ｃ１）100℃での動粘度が5.7〜6.2 mm2/sで、（Ｃ２）粘度指数が150以上で、（Ｃ３）-40℃でのブルックフィールド粘度が15,000 mPa・s以下で、（Ｃ４）150℃での高温高せん断（ＨＴＨＳ）粘度が2.10 mPa・s以上で且つ（Ｃ５）超音波せん断試験（1h）後の100℃での動粘度が5.7 mm2/s以上であることを特徴とする自動変速機油。 (A) Base oil contains (B) viscosity index improver,
(C1) the kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is 5.7 to 6.2 mm 2 / s, (C2) the viscosity index is 150 or more, (C3) the Brookfield viscosity at −40 ° C. is 15,000 mPa · s or less, (C4 ) High temperature high shear (HTHS) viscosity at 150 ° C is 2.10 mPa · s or higher, and (C5) Kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C after ultrasonic shear test (1h) is 5.7 mm 2 / s or higher. Automatic transmission oil.
（Ｄ１）100℃での動粘度が4.00〜4.30 mm2/sで且つ（Ｄ２）粘度指数が120以上である（Ｄ３）鉱油系基油に、（Ｂ）粘度指数向上剤を添加することを特徴とする自動変速機油の製造方法。 A method for producing an automatic transmission fluid according to claim 1,
(D1) kinematic viscosity at 100 ° C. is 4.00 to 4.30 mm 2 / s and (D2) viscosity index is 120 or more (D3) (B) adding a viscosity index improver to mineral oil base oil A manufacturing method of an automatic transmission oil characterized by the above.
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