JP2009069366A - Display device and method of manufacturing the same - Google Patents

Abstract

<P>PROBLEM TO BE SOLVED: To solve the problem that a liquid crystal display device generates 50% optical loss by using a polarizing plate, and to overcome disadvantages in response speed, driving voltage, luminance, contrast and the like in a conventional lateral electric field particle movement type display device. <P>SOLUTION: In the display device wherein a dispersion system in which fine particles are dispersed is interposed between substrates, at least one of which is transparent to form a cell and light transmissible properties in a direction vertical to the substrates of the cell is changed by moving the fine particles in the lateral electric field, a driving electrode accumulating the particles of the driving electrode and a common electrode which are provided for applying an electric field is so constituted that the particles are accumulated on at least upper and lower surfaces and/or both side surfaces. Thereby, monochrome and color display of high transmittance, high contrast and low voltage driving are made possible with thinness, light in weight and high speed and can be applied to various ways such as an optical modulation device of high definition, display for a portable device, an electronic paper, a large-sized monitor, a large-sized TV and a super large-sized public display. <P>COPYRIGHT: (C)2009,JPO&INPIT

Description

At least one of them forms a cell by sandwiching a dispersion system in which charged fine particles are dispersed in a liquid, liquid crystal, or gas medium between transparent substrates, and the fine particles are moved by a transverse electric field to form a dispersed state. In a horizontal electric field particle movement type display device that changes the light transmittance in the vertical direction to the substrate of the cell by modulating the amount of the fine particles, a mesh drive electrode and a common electrode are provided for applying an electric field. The display device is configured to be deposited on both the upper and lower surfaces and / or the left and right surfaces of the mesh drive electrode, and is an enlarged projection display using a high-definition small panel as a light valve. Meter-size direct-view display, thin flexible black-and-white and full-color electronic paper display, more than a few tens of meters with two-dimensional array of basic cells or basic panels Applicable to a wide range of display sizes to large display devices, also reflection only, transmission only, or reflective, to a display device and its manufacturing method applicable to transflective.

A typical thin display device is a liquid crystal display device, which is provided with a three-color filter of monochrome, red (R), green (G), and blue (B), and changes the transmittance of the corresponding liquid crystal layer. It is operated as a shutter, and a full color is realized by a color adding method of R, G, B light. A transmissive color liquid crystal device provided with a white backlight behind is widely used for liquid crystal TVs, personal computer monitors, mobile phone display devices, and the like. However, one of the serious difficulties of the liquid crystal display device is an optical loss exceeding 50% due to the use of the polarizing plate.

As another display device, there has been proposed a horizontal electric field particle movement display method in which light transmittance is changed by moving and accumulating fine particles dispersed in a transparent liquid or gas body in a horizontal direction with respect to a display surface (Patent Document). 1-13).
As shown in FIGS. 1A and 1B, a fine particle dispersion system is sandwiched between a transparent substrate 1 provided with a transparent counter electrode 3 and a substrate 2 provided with a collect electrode 4. The light transmittance of the cell is changed depending on whether particles are deposited on the counter electrode 3 by applying a voltage between the electrode 3 and the electrode 4 or accumulated on the collect electrode 4 having a small area. That is, when the fine particles are black light-absorbing, the dark state is obtained in (A) and the light state is obtained in (B). FIGS. 1C and 1D show a case where the transparent counter electrode 3 is formed on the same plane as the collect electrode 4, and the operation is the same as (A) and (B).

Another configuration is shown in FIG. Here, the collect electrode 4 is formed of a mesh electrode, and the particles are deposited on the transparent counter electrode 3, or in a dark state when dispersed, and in a bright state when deposited on the mesh collect electrode 4.

The electrode configuration and the display mode as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 have serious problems in that the drive voltage increases and the response speed decreases. Further, the most important light transmittance and light blocking rate as an electronic shutter have not been sufficiently considered. In the conventional configuration of FIG. 1, the particles in the middle of the collect electrodes 4 at both ends (that is, the cell center) have a weak electric field and are long to bring these particles on the collect electrode or the counter electrode center during light and dark. It is necessary to move the distance, and there is a problem that the switching time (response speed) between light and dark is extremely deteriorated. In addition, since it is difficult to deposit particles uniformly on a solid transparent counter electrode having a large area in a non-uniform electric field, it has been difficult to realize a display with excellent contrast.
The electrode configuration and display mode as shown in FIG. 2 are excellent in that the electric field strength is surely made uniform in the pixel plane. In addition, the use of a state in which particles are not uniformly accumulated on the counter electrode but a state in which particles are dispersed substantially uniformly is also used for improving the responsiveness. However, there has been no practical study on the amount of dispersed particles, electrode configuration, collect electrode width, electrode pitch, cell thickness, etc., and conditions for achieving high contrast, high transmittance, low voltage drive, and high-speed response are also presented. It was not practical because it was not.
JP 49-24695 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 03-91722 USP 5,745,094 JP 9-2111499 A JP2001-201770 JP2004-20818 Special Table 2005-500572 JP-A-2002-333643 JP2003-248244 JP2005-3964 JP2004-258615A JP 2004-252277 A JP 2002-122890 A

It is desirable for the display device to have a high response speed. In the case of the particle movement display method, an electric field strength of about 0.2 to 2 V / μm is usually required to realize a practical response speed. There are various sizes of pixels of a display device depending on applications. Since the light valve used for enlarged projection requires small size and high definition, the pixel size may be 10 μm or less. On the other hand, in a public display installed indoors or outdoors, there are cases where the pixels are in the order of centimeters. In this application, the particle display is applied to pixels of all sizes, and the practical characteristics are improved by optimizing important characteristics as a display such as transmittance, contrast, and response speed with a practical driving voltage. .

In order to solve the above-mentioned problems, the present invention is a particle movement display method using a horizontal electric field as in the prior art, but it has a novel cell configuration that improves the response speed, reduces the driving voltage, and particularly improves the transmittance and contrast. This is a proposal and relates to the improvement of the inventor's Japanese Patent Application No. 2007-506602.

As shown in FIG. 3A, the basic cell of the present invention has a cell 8 constituted by a partition wall 20 provided between two substrates 1 and 2 that are transparent at least one of glass, plastic and the like. Is filled with a dispersion system 7 in which fine particles 5 are dispersed in a transparent medium, and a pair of electrodes 6-1 and 6-2 made of fine wires are interposed between the substrates 1 and 2 without contacting the substrate, A cell 8 is formed on the entire surface.
As shown in FIG. 3A, when black light-absorbing fine particles 5 such as carbon black are uniformly dispersed in the cell 8, the light incident from the transparent substrate 2 is black if the hiding power of the fine particles 5 is sufficient. It becomes.

If a DC voltage is applied between the electrodes 6-1 and 6-2 as shown in FIG. 3B, the fine particles 5 move mainly along the lines of electric force formed by the electrodes 6-1 and 6-2, When positively charged, it accumulates around the negative electrode 6-1. If a transparent material is used for the electrode 6-2, the region other than the linear electrode 6-1 on which particles are accumulated is transparent without any light blocking. Here, if an appropriate DC voltage pulse or AC voltage having a reverse polarity is applied between 6-1 and 6-2, the fine particles on 6-1 leave the electrode and diffuse in the cell 8, and the cell 8 becomes opaque again. It becomes. In this way, by changing the amount of dispersed particles in the cell 8 (and hence the amount of particles accumulated in the 6-1), the transmittance in the direction perpendicular to the substrate of the cell 8 can be continuously changed. The display has a memory property in order to maintain the state after being cut. The dispersion system 7 includes a transparent liquid, a transparent liquid crystal body, and a gas body in which positively or negatively charged fine particles are dispersed. When the dispersion medium is a liquid or liquid crystal, the movement of the particles is called electrophoresis. As shown in FIG. 4, the electrodes 6-1 and 6-2 have various shapes such as a comb shape, a vortex shape, and a mesh shape. The cross-section of the thin wire can be various shapes such as a short shape, a plate shape, and an oval shape, and the planar shape is arbitrary such as a short shape, a circle shape, and a hexagon shape.

In the present invention, the electrode 6-1 for accumulating particles is called a drive electrode, and the other electrode 6-2 is called a common electrode. Thin line-like driving electrodes are present on the entire surface of the cell, and particles can be repeatedly accumulated and dispersed by a strong edge electric field between the common electrodes 6-2. Of course, the particles are accumulated and dispersed by the synthesis of the vertical and horizontal electric fields formed by both electrodes. However, since the horizontal electric field component is indispensable, the particles of the present application are used for convenience to distinguish them from the conventional vertical electric field type particle movement display method. The moving display method is named the horizontal (lateral) electric field type particle movement display method. If the pitch between the electrodes is appropriately selected, the response speed is improved particularly when the pixels are larger than in the case of FIG. 1 in which electrodes are provided only in the periphery of the cell. In addition, since the electric field strength for moving the particles is determined by the distance between the electrodes 6-1 and 6-2 and the driving voltage, a sufficient electric field can be applied even at a low voltage regardless of the cell size. A response can be realized. In this application, since the drive electrode for depositing particles is not provided on the surface of the substrate but is provided between the substrates, the particles can adhere to both the front and back surfaces and / or the left and right surfaces. ), The light blocking cross-sectional area of the drive electrode portion for shielding light is reduced, and the light transmittance of the cell is improved.

The thin wire mesh electrode is a thin film formed by vapor deposition or sputtering of metal such as aluminum, chromium, gold, tantalum, etc., ITO (Indium Tin Oxide), etc., and patterned by photo treatment, thin wire provided by electroforming, conductivity A conductive thick film provided with a paint by printing, ink jet drawing or the like can be used.

In FIG. 3, it is assumed that the particles have positive or negative single polarity. Certainly, in the conventional configuration shown in FIG. 1, it is clear that satisfactory bright transmittance and display contrast cannot be obtained unless the particles have a single polarity, and the use of a single particle system was an essential condition. However, in the case of the present application in which the particle dispersion state is the dark state with the configuration of FIG. 3, a bipolar dispersion system in which positive and negative particles are mixed can be used effectively. In other words, in a bright state, a large amount of positive and negative particles are deposited on both the upper and lower surfaces of both the electrodes 6-1 and 6-2, a narrow electrode is provided at an appropriate pitch, and the particles are deposited sufficiently thick on the thin wire electrode. A bright state with high transmittance can be realized. When the bipolar dispersion system is used, it is not necessary to use a transparent common electrode 6-2, and the degree of freedom in selecting an electrode material is increased. In (0010), an electrode for accumulating particles was defined as a drive electrode. It should be noted that although this is just correct, the common electrode may accumulate particles, and in this case, the common electrode also serves as the drive electrode.

For example, in order to provide a mesh electrode between the substrates as shown in FIG. 3, an electrode 6 such as metal or ITO is formed on the substrate 2 as shown in FIG. 5 (A) and patterned into a mesh as shown in FIG. When the materials of -1,6-2 are different, film formation and patterning are performed again to form a mesh electrode pair on the substrate 2 (B), and then the lower part of the mesh electrode portion is etched by cell (C). A cell (D) as shown in FIG. 3 can be formed by aligning with the other substrate 1 provided with a partition wall having a height of about ½ of the cell gap d and sandwiching the particle dispersion system therebetween. However, since the mesh electrode is supported only by the partition wall around the pixel, it is necessary to ensure sufficient strength according to the pixel size. When the particles are deposited on the mesh drive electrode of FIG. 3 to be thin and thick and / or thin in a wide area in the gap direction, it is more advantageous for improving the transmittance at the time of deposition. Of course, for ease of electrode formation, a drive electrode and a common electrode having a small cross-sectional shape, which will be described later, may be directly provided on either of the substrates 1 and 2.

FIG. 6 shows another method for forming the cell as shown in FIG. 6A uses the substrate 2 in which depressions are formed in a cell shape by photoetching or microembossing in advance, and FIG. 6B prints a grid-like partition wall 20 on the substrate 2 to form a film and photo It is formed by etching or the like. If a mesh electrode pair sheet as shown in FIG. 4 is attached to the partition walls shown in FIGS. 6A and 6B, the state shown in FIG. 5C can be realized at once. After that, similarly to FIG. 5D, the display system can be configured by enclosing the dispersion system 7 between the substrate 1 configured in FIGS. 6A and 6B. The mesh electrode pair sheet may be formed by transferring what is previously formed on the auxiliary substrate to the substrate 2 provided with the depressions as shown in FIG.

When the fine particles are integrated on the drive electrode, it is not preferable that the fine particles remain firmly attached to the surface of the common electrode or the inner surfaces of the upper and lower substrates because the light transmittance in the bright state of the cell is inhibited. Therefore, it is desirable that this portion of the cell is coated with a low surface tension substance such as a fluorine compound or surface treatment so as to be charged with the same polarity as the charged particles so as to prevent the fine particles from sticking. Further, when the dispersion medium is a liquid, it is desirable that the specific gravity of the fine particles and the liquid be as close as possible because it is difficult for the particles to settle or float.

In the present invention, the particle dispersion state that creates a dark state is a colloid state in which fine particles are stably dispersed uniformly in the liquid regardless of the specific gravity due to Brownian motion. In which the particles are loosely adhered, and the particles are loosely aggregated with each other to form a three-dimensional network structure between the two substrates. The fine particles need not be of one type, and various types of fine particles may be mixed in order to optimize the optical characteristics.

The fine particles 5 are usually light-absorbing, but it is also possible to use white reflective ones such as titanium dioxide. In the case of a reflective display device using white reflective particles, if the back substrate 2 side of the cell 8 is black, for example, a bright state in a fine particle dispersed state and a dark state in a state where particles are accumulated on an electrode. Become. If the particles are colored particles with high hiding properties, the color of the particles in the dispersed state and the reflection color in the state of particle accumulation on the electrode are almost comparable if the lower part of the substrate 2 or the transparent substrate 2 is different from the particles. Become a color.

In a passive display device such as the present application, what determines display performance is transmittance, contrast, color purity, response speed, resolution, viewing angle, and the like, and driving voltage and power consumption are also important factors for the device.
In the display device as shown in FIG. 3, the transmission contrast is determined by the transmittance in the particle dispersion state (dark) and the transmittance in the particle accumulation state (bright). In particular, creating a sufficiently dark state is an essential requirement for improving contrast. In order to achieve a contrast of 1000: 1, 100: 1, 10: 1 or more, the transmittance in the particle dispersion state of the cell is 0.1% (optical density 3 or higher), 1% (optical density 2 or higher), 10 % (Optical density of 1 or more). In the cell configuration of the present application, it is very easy to set the transmittance in the dispersed state to the above value by increasing the particle concentration of the dispersed system. However, increasing the particle concentration generally causes problems such as slowing of the moving speed of the particles and easy deterioration of the light transmittance, so it is not a good idea to increase the particle concentration unnecessarily.

The cell transmittance in the bright state at the time of particle accumulation in this display device will be described with reference to FIG. Assume that all the particles in a dispersion system in which fine particles are dispersed at a concentration that provides sufficient penetration are accumulated on the upper substrate (assuming that all particles are accumulated on one side substrate anyway even if the particles are bipolar). The thickness of the particle layer at this time is h, and the area of the pixel is S (A). In a bright state where the total area of the electrode on which particles are deposited as viewed from the display surface of one pixel is Δs and all the dispersed particles are accumulated in a short shape above and below Δs, the thickness e of the particle layer on the electrode is h. * S / Δs / 2 (B). The bright state is realized by maximizing S-Δs, that is, minimizing Δs. Δs / S is defined as the area ratio of the drive electrode. If the area ratio is 10% and 20%, a transmittance of about 90% and 80% can be realized.
However, the thickness e of the particle layer on Δs at this time is 5 times and 2.5 times that of h, respectively. That is, high transmittance and high contrast can be realized if particles are stacked as thick as possible on a drive electrode having a minimum area.

The cross-sectional shape of the drive electrode on which the particles are deposited is extremely important. The cross section of the drive electrode is short, the size parallel to the display surface is ΔRLCx, the thickness in the vertical direction is ΔRLCy, and ΔRLCx / ΔRLCy is named the aspect ratio. 7B and 7C, ΔRLCx and ΔRLCy are considered to be parallel to the substrate, respectively. S = 200μ, h = 2μ, and ΔRLCx = 20μ drive electrode in one pixel (ΔRLCy = 0.2μ. Therefore, the aspect ratios in FIGS. 7B and 7C are 100 and 0.01, respectively. In FIG. 7 (B), the deposited particle layer thickness e = 5μ and the pixel transmittance during particle deposition is (S) in FIG. 7 (B) from S × h = ΔRLCx × 2 × e × 2. -T = 80% from ΔRLCx × 2) / S. On the other hand, in FIG. 7C, e = 5μ, and the pixel transmittance during particle deposition is T = 89.8% from (S− (ΔRLCy + 2e) × 2) / S. It is advantageous for improving the transmittance to adhere the particles to a large area.

In the present invention, it is recommended that the electrode for depositing particles is not in contact with both substrates 1 and 2 so that the particles can be deposited as thick as possible on both the upper and lower surfaces of the electrode, or on both sides of the drive electrode with a small aspect ratio. This is because particles are accumulated only in a wide area to improve the transmittance of the cell in the particle accumulation state. Moreover, it can be expected that the above high performance can be realized with a thin particle layer as h is small, that is, particles with high hiding power are used. The concealing force should be selected so that the particle size is deeply related and the concealing force becomes high, as well as the characteristics of the particles themselves.

The minimum area ratio can be realized by using a thin wire electrode as shown in FIG. 4, and the drive electrode width and thickness are considered in consideration of ease of manufacture, electrode mechanical strength, reliability, and stability of the integrated particle layer. Should be formed with minimum width. It is desirable to use a line width of 50 μm or less and a light valve or the like of several μm or less. For example, even if four 5 μm wide drive electrodes are provided in a 100 μm wide pixel, the area ratio is 20%, and the area ratio can be reduced to 10% or less by making the electrodes thinner.
If the particle concentration is lowered, the particle moving speed is generally increased, and if the dispersion is thickened, the hiding property can be enhanced even at a low particle concentration (g / cm 3). However, the farther away from the electrode, the weaker the electric field acting on the particles, and in order to accumulate on the electrodes, the particles need to travel a long distance, resulting in a slower response. From experience, if the cell gap d is selected to be about 0.4 to 3.0 times the electrode pitch p, the spillability of the electric field is ensured, and therefore the response at the time of on (bright) and off (dark) can be secured.

As described above, an electric field strength of about 0.2 to 2 V / μm is necessary to realize a practical response by moving particles by electrophoresis, and it is desired to secure this electric field strength regardless of the pixel size. When the electrode pitch p shown in FIG. 4A is selected to be about 5 to 100 μm and the cell gap d is set to 0.4 to 3.0 times (2 μm to 300 μm) of the electrode pitch p, the voltage between the counter electrodes is 1 V to 200 V. Thus, the electric field strength of 0.2 to 2 V / μm can be almost secured. If it is limited to a direct-view display, an electrode pitch of about 20 to 50 μm, a cell gap of 8 to 150 μm, and an applied voltage of 4 to 100 V are practical. Even if it is a very large display for public display and has pixels of several mm to several centimeters, it can be driven with a sufficiently low voltage if the electrode pitch is made about 20 to 50 μm.

On the other hand, when the pixel size is about 10 μm in a small high-definition panel such as a light valve, it may be used at an electrode pitch of about 5 μm with one drive electrode at the center of the cell and a common electrode in the partition wall.
As described above, the electrode pitch and the cell thickness are deeply related to the driving voltage and the response speed, and show practical values of each.

Incidentally, since Patent Document 2 describes an example in which electrodes having a width of 400 μm are arranged with a gap of 1000 μm, the pitch of the comb-like electrodes is 1400 μm, and the electrode area ratio = Δs / S = 400/1400 = 28.5. %. A transmittance of 55% and a contrast of 110 have been reported by applying 100 to 300 V to a cell gap of 100 μm. The ratio of the cell gap to the electrode pitch is 100/1400 = 7.1%, which is extremely small, and the electric field at the central portion between the strip electrodes is extremely weak. Although the maximum electric field strength is 1 to 3 v / μm, this is only an electric field between the electrodes facing each other, and the electric field acting on the particles in the central portion between the strip electrodes must be extremely reduced as in FIG. It is difficult to say that the response speed is lowered and the electric field is made uniform. Further, since the comb-shaped electrode is provided on the substrate, particles cannot be deposited on both surfaces of the electrode, and the light transmittance has to be disadvantageous.

As described above, the drive voltage is reduced and the response speed is improved by setting the electrode pitch and the corresponding cell thickness, and the transmittance and contrast are improved by Δs, the particle deposition layer thickness is increased in the vertical direction, This can be realized by increasing the particle deposition area in the direction, selecting the dispersed particles, and optimizing the amount of dispersed particles.

In addition to the electrode configurations used in the present invention shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, various types can be used. FIG. 8A shows a case where the common electrode is provided on the inner surfaces of both substrates at a position facing the drive electrode. Since only the common electrode intervenes between the substrates, electrodes of various closed shapes such as a comb shape, a vortex shape, and a mesh shape as shown in FIG. In the present application, planar electrodes made of fine wires as shown in FIGS. 4 and 9 are collectively referred to as a mesh drive electrode. The drive electrode is sandwiched between the common electrodes, and a stronger electric field in the vertical direction can be applied to the particles than in the case of FIG. 3, which is effective for depositing the particles thickly on both sides of the drive electrode. In this case, the common electrode may be opaque.

FIG. 8B is configured by shifting the drive electrode and the common electrode of FIG. 8A by a half pitch. In the figure, since the particles are shown as having a single polarity, the common electrode is preferably transparent. However, when using a bipolar particle system, the common electrode may be opaque.

In FIG. 8C, a common electrode is alternately provided on both substrates corresponding to the drive electrode, and particles can be deposited on both sides of the drive electrode. In FIG. 8C and subsequent figures, illustration of the particles is omitted. In this configuration, the common electrode may be opaque regardless of the bipolar dispersion system or the unipolar dispersion system.

In FIG. 8D, although the drive electrode and common electrode pair of FIG. 3 are included in the two-layer dispersion system, the electrode arrangement of the first layer and the second layer is shifted by a half pitch.
The common electrode may also be opaque, and if a bipolar dispersion system is used, particles can be deposited above and below all the electrodes in the dispersion system, and the deposited layers are substantially four layers, greatly contributing to the improvement of the transmittance in the bright state. .

In FIG. 8E, the drive electrode and the common electrode both have a plurality of electrode layers inserted into the dispersion system. The cell configuration is complicated, but the particles are stacked as thick as possible on the equivalently narrow drive electrode. This is an effective method for improving the transmittance in the bright state. If a bipolar dispersion system is used, the number of deposited particle layers can be substantially eight, and the transmittance in the bright state can be further improved.

FIG. 8F shows one of the common electrodes in FIG. 8A replaced with a transparent solid electrode. The lower common electrode may be opaque. The configuration may be such that two of the common electrodes in FIG. 8A are replaced with a transparent solid electrode.

In all the configurations shown in FIG. 8, the cross section of the mesh drive electrode is selected to have a small aspect ratio, and particles are deposited in a wide area on the left and right sides of the electrode, thereby further improving the transmittance in the bright state of the cell.

As described above, even when the drive electrode and the common electrode are not on the same plane in each electrode configuration of FIG. 8, the cells are electrically coupled to each other in the partition wall surface, the partition wall surface, or the panel peripheral portion. And configured to operate as a two-terminal element of a common electrode.

Except for FIG. 8F where the common electrode is a solid electrode in the present invention, the pitch P between the drive electrode and the common electrode means the shortest distance between the drive electrode and the common electrode. When the common electrode is a solid electrode in FIG. 8F, the pitch P means the pitch of the drive electrodes.

One of the basic components of the vertical electric field type particle movement display method is to use a bipolar dispersion system in which the optical reflectivity of the particles is different from each other and the charging polarity is different.
In the bipolar dispersion system effectively used in the lateral electric field type display method of the present application, the optical reflectivity of the particles does not need to be different. Both may be black light absorbing or both may be white light scattering. In particular, in the case of an aerosol dispersion system in which the dispersion medium is composed of a gas body, a bipolar dispersion system is advantageous in that a dispersion system having different charging polarities due to triboelectric charging can be realized in that a dispersion system having excellent particle charging stability can be realized. is there.

FIG. 10 shows an example of a voltage waveform applied between the drive electrode and the common electrode in order to create a particle dispersion state from the particle accumulation state. When the dispersion system is a single particle system, a reverse voltage having an appropriate pulse width with which the particles leave the drive electrode is applied (A). An AC voltage (B) that gradually increases in frequency regardless of a single particle system or a twin particle system, and an AC voltage (C) that attenuates the peak value. A combination of (B) and (C) is also effective.

In FIG. 3, the particles are confined inside the cell by the partition wall 20 in order to prevent the fine particles from moving to the adjacent cell and to maintain the particle concentration in each pixel constant. Further, as long as the cell is made small, there is a merit that the specific gravity difference between the dispersion medium and the particles does not become an obstacle.

Particularly in the case of a flexible sheet display using a film as a substrate, it is preferable that both substrates are bonded to each other through a partition wall.

Instead of confining the dispersion system in the cell with the partition walls, the dispersion system may be confined inside the capsule particles. FIG. 11 shows a display device of the present invention using capsule particles. An ink in which capsule particles are dispersed in a binder resin is applied on the substrate 2 and smoothed by applying a smooth layer on the surface, and then an electrode pair as shown in FIG. 4 is formed. Next, a display sheet is formed by attaching the capsule particle surface of the substrate 1 coated with the capsule particles to the electrode surface through a binder layer. Although the illustration of the spacer material is omitted in the figure, a display sheet having a higher aperture ratio can be obtained by transforming the substantially spherical capsule particles into a rectangular parallelepiped as shown in the figure using a spacer material of an appropriate size. . In the display sheet of FIG. 11, the electrode is not in direct contact with the dispersion system, but as in FIG. 3, the particles can be accumulated on both the front and back sides of the electrode and dispersed in the capsule particles, thereby modulating the transmittance of the display sheet. Is possible. However, since the capsule wall and the binder resin layer are interposed between the electrode and the dispersion system, the voltage is attenuated and the driving voltage is increased. Therefore, it is desirable to keep these insulating or semiconductive layers as thin as possible. In FIG. 11, without using the upper substrate 1, the capsule particles are spread on the capsule particle layer at the stage where the electrode pair is formed, and the capsule particles are deformed by covering the rigid substrate, and UV irradiation or heating is performed. Then, the binder may be cured or the rigid substrate may be peeled off. If a protective film is applied to the uppermost layer, a single substrate display sheet can be formed.

It goes without saying that the panel configuration using the capsule particles is applicable not only to the configuration of FIG. 3 but also to all the configurations of FIGS.

In the present invention, a cell refers to a region in which a dispersion system is confined by a partition wall or a capsule. The pair of electrodes may be provided in one cell or may be provided in one set for many cells. A pixel refers to a region having a pair of electrodes as shown in FIG. 4 and may be a single cell or a number of cells.

A full-color display panel can be constructed by stacking three layers of cells as shown in FIGS. However, the three layers of fine particles 5 are C (cyan), M (magenta), and Y (yellow). FIG. 12 shows a cross section of a full-color display panel using a C, M, Y capsule particle system. Here, one pixel is composed of 4 × 4 × 6 capsule particles, and it is assumed that a pair of planar electrodes as shown in FIG. 4 is used for each color modulation electrode. If C, Y, and M particles are in a moderately dispersed state and C particles are in an electrode-integrated state, the portion is the same when R (red), C and M particles are in a moderately dispersed state, and Y particles are in an electrode-integrated state. By subtractive color mixing, B (blue), Y, and C particles become G (green) in a dispersed state. Of course, only C particles, M particles, and Y particles have C, M, and Y colors in a dispersed state, respectively. In addition to the C, M, and Y panels, a fourth color modulation layer that can be modulated to white-black in order to block light more completely may be added to form a four-layer structure. Further, the cell stacking order can be arbitrarily selected. When the white backlight 13 is turned off, it can be used as a reflective color panel or a transmissive color panel with a white diffuser and white backlight. In multi-color display, a two-layer structure of dispersed systems having different colors may be used.

In the color modulation layer three-layer stacked display device of FIG. 12, when the thickness of each color modulation layer is larger than the pixel size, the viewing angle is limited when viewed in reflection. In FIG. 12, when the display device is used for reflection, the lower substrate is formed of a white reflector. When viewed from a direction exceeding the angle θ from the substrate normal among the light rays incident on the display device, the reflected light does not pass through all three layers, so that the correct color cannot be seen. The correct color is limited to an angle θ. The pixel size is S, and generally q = S / (2 × n × tan (θ)) in an n-layer stack. When θ = 60 degrees (tan (θ) = 1.73), q = S / 10.38, so that when the pixel size is 0.1 mm, 1 mm, q≈, 9.6 μm, 96 μm, θ = 80 degrees (tan (θ ) = 5.65), q≈2.9 μm and 29 μm. That is, in the multilayer reflective display device, it is difficult to realize a display with an excellent viewing angle unless the light modulation layer interposed therebetween is made as thin as possible. The color panel having the configuration shown in FIG. 12 in which the capsule particles are stacked is advantageous in view angle characteristics because the number of intervening substrates can be reduced as compared with the case where three single-color panels shown in FIGS. 3 and 11 are stacked.

In a display device in which a large number of cells are stacked, attention should be paid to interface reflection. Interface reflection always occurs at interfaces having different refractive indexes. In the multilayer display cell of FIG. 12, each layer is made of a material having the same refractive index as possible, such as a dispersion medium, a capsule wall, a binder resin, and a substrate, as well as being transparent as much as possible except for colored particles. It is important to reduce unnecessary interface reflection.

There are (1) static (2) simple matrix (3) two-terminal active matrix (4) three-terminal active matrix and the like as driving methods for a display device composed of a large number of pixels.

FIG. 13 shows an example of a process for manufacturing a panel having a simple matrix configuration. After forming a capsule particle layer, for example, on a substrate 2 such as glass or plastic, an electrode thin film such as aluminum, chromium, or gold is provided by vapor deposition or sputtering, and a column electrode Ci as shown in FIG. And the drive electrode 6-1 connected to this is formed. Next, the insulating layer 23 is formed at least at a predetermined position of the column electrode, and then the common electrode 6-2 and the row electrode Ri are formed (B). A capsule matrix layer is formed on the electrode film thus obtained, and a protective substrate 1 is provided thereon to constitute a simple matrix display panel. A signal is applied to the column electrode Ci, and a scanning signal is applied to the linear common electrode Ri, so that display is performed in a line sequential manner. Although the panel configuration is simple, there is an advantage that it can be manufactured at a low cost. However, since each pixel is required to have a threshold characteristic, it cannot normally be used for applications with a large display capacity.

In order to increase the display capacity, it is necessary to adopt an active matrix (hereinafter abbreviated as AM) configuration. FIG. 14 shows a manufacturing process of a two-terminal AM array composed of a so-called MIM (Metal Insulator Metal) element in which an anodized film is sandwiched between metal electrodes. A capsule particle layer is formed in a necessary portion of the lower substrate, a parallel line column electrode Ci is formed on the metal thin film such as aluminum or tantalum, and then the column electrode Ci is anodized to form an oxide film on the surface ( A). Then, a metal film is provided by vapor deposition or sputtering to form, for example, a comb drive electrode 6-1 (B). A two-terminal element 21 is formed in a region where the drive electrode and the column electrode intersect. Next, the insulating layer 23 is formed at least at a position where the column electrode intersects the row electrode later, and then the common electrode 6-2 and the scanning electrode Ri are formed (C) to form a two-terminal AM array. A display panel is formed by sandwiching capsule particles between the substrate with electrodes thus obtained and another insulating substrate. Instead of MIM, a two-terminal AM array can also be formed by sandwiching a non-linear resistance element in which a semiconductor such as zinc oxide is dispersed in a resin at the intersection of electrodes 6-1 and Ci.

Next, a configuration of an AM panel in which each pixel is provided with a TFT switching element is shown.
A TFT (Thin Film Transistor) 3-terminal element AM array as shown in FIG. 15 is formed on a substrate on which capsule particles are spread and the surface is smoothed. The drive electrode 6-1 separated from the signal line Ci by an insulating layer is connected to a drain (D) electrode, and the source (S) electrode is a part of the column electrode Ci, and a semiconductor between S and D is a semiconductor. The gate insulating film is laminated. A three-terminal AM array is formed by providing an interlayer insulating film in the column electrode portion and then providing a row electrode Ri (gate electrode). The common electrode 6-2 is separated from the column electrode and the row electrode by an insulating layer, and extends over the entire panel like the column electrode or the row electrode, and is taken out of the panel as one terminal common to all pixels. A display panel is configured by further sandwiching capsule particles between the capsule particle layer thus obtained, the AM array layer made of TFTs, and the transparent insulating substrate. Although the TFT is shown as a staggered type in FIG. 15, an inverted staggered type TFT is of course possible. Of course, a TFT array is provided on the substrate 2, a capsule particle layer is formed thereon, an electrode pair as shown in FIG. 4 is formed, and then the drive electrode of each pixel is connected to each drain electrode of the corresponding TFT array through a through hole. Then, a capsule particle layer may be formed thereon. For the common electrode potential common to all pixels,
By sequentially applying a positive or negative voltage to the column electrode Ci and a selection pulse to the gate electrode Ri, it is possible to select whether the particles are accumulated on the drive electrode side or the particles are dispersed in the capsule, and a desired image can be displayed.

There are roughly three methods for manufacturing an active matrix panel having a color modulation layer laminated structure as shown in FIG. That is, (1) the AM array for driving C, M, Y capsule particles is all formed on the substrate 2 (preferably provided under the partition wall or spacer for improving the aperture ratio). As described, (a) formation of the first color capsule particle layer ⇒ (b) formation of the drive / common electrode pair ⇒ (c) connection of the drive electrode to the corresponding drain terminal at the bottom ⇒ (d) first color capsule particle layer The formation of the panel as shown in FIG. 12 is realized by repeating the above (a) to (d) for the remaining two colors, such as formation (completion of the first color light modulation layer). (2) (a) First color capsule particle layer on the substrate Formation ⇒ (b) First color TFT array, drive electrode, common electrode formation on this ⇒ (C) First color capsule particle layer formation Repeat steps (a) to (C) above with other color modulation layers (3) Color in advance Particle, TFT array, Three layers are laminated by transferring sequentially from the rigid substrate for transfer formed with a single color active matrix composed of three layers of colored particles to the final substrate side provided with an adhesive layer.
In any of the above methods, the conductor can be piled up by an electrolysis or electroless plating method widely used as an ink-jet drawing method or an additive method of a conductor paste.

As described above, for example, a large display system composed of M × m × N × n pixels can be configured by arranging basic panels composed of M vertical pixels and N horizontal pixels and arranging m vertical and n horizontal panels. In order to make the gap between the panels as narrow as possible, the electrodes of each panel are pulled out to the back of the panel in a direction perpendicular to the panel surface using a thin FPC, etc., and connected to the driving circuit provided on the back substrate or backlight. Configured to do. By using such a basic panel, it is possible to construct a low power, high-definition full-color large-sized display system for both reflection and transmission having a size of several tens of meters.

FIG. 16 shows an AM reflection type light valve using a silicon substrate for use in a projector or the like. An AM array made of FET elements is formed on the silicon substrate 15 (A), the silicon in the pixel portion is dug by etching to form a half cell (B), a reflective film is formed (C), a resin is embedded in the half cell (D), and driving -Common electrode formation (E) (each electrode is connected to the corresponding FET array terminal), driving-Embedded resin under the common electrode is removed by etching (F), partition walls are formed so as to surround the pixels (G), and transparent substrate Filling the cell in the meantime with the dispersion system (H) The partition structure type reflection light valve is formed by the above. For example, when a light valve of 1 inch size and full HD (1920 × 1440 pixels) is configured, the pixel pitch is about 11 μm. If a drive electrode having a width of several μm is provided at the center of the pixel, a transparent common electrode is provided on both sides and the cell thickness is set to several microns, a light valve that can be driven at 10 V or less can be constructed. It is desirable to make the partition wall 20 insulative black or to form a black film between the upper substrate and the partition wall.
It goes without saying that the method of FIG. 16 can be applied not only to the formation of a light valve using a silicon substrate but also to the formation of a display panel of the present invention using a glass substrate, a plastic sheet substrate or the like.

The reflection type light valve of FIG. 16 is configured by replacing the liquid crystal in a liquid crystal light valve called LCOS (liquid-crystal-on-silicon) with a fine particle dispersion system. Similar to LCOS, a white light source such as an ultra-high pressure mercury lamp is separated into R, G, B light by a dichroic mirror or prism, and R, G, B color light images obtained by irradiating each color light to the light valve in FIG. A full color image can be obtained by magnifying and synthesizing the image on a screen. If an LED or a semiconductor laser is used as the light source, a small projector can be configured. In addition to the front projector, a rear projector is possible by bending the optical path along the way. Although the pixel pitch is 1/3 of monochrome, it is possible to construct a single-plate color light valve by providing a color filter on the front surface, and if a three-layer laminated panel as shown in FIG. A single-plate color light bulb can be configured. As the dispersion system, either a partition wall type or a capsule type may be used. In the reflection type, the light beam passes through the dispersion layer twice, so that the particle concentration of the dispersion system is ½ that of the transmission type, and a high-speed response is possible.

If an AM substrate in which an AM array is formed of polysilicon or the like on a heat-resistant glass such as quartz is used instead of the silicon substrate, a single-plate or three-plate high-definition transmission type light valve can be configured.

FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional view of a transmissive full color panel using R, G, B juxtaposed color filters. The liquid crystal as the light valve of the current liquid crystal color panel is replaced with a dispersion system 7 in which fine particles capable of modulating transmittance in black and white are dispersed. That is, the pixel portion of the transparent glass substrate 2 on which the AM array 13c having the XY matrix configuration is formed is provided with a recess by etching or the like as shown in FIG. The capsule particles are arranged between the transparent substrate 1 connected to the corresponding AM element and further provided with the R, G, B color filters 13a and the black matrix 13b in stripes or dots. The configuration shown in FIGS. 3 and 9 can be selected for the electrodes of each pixel.

Although the configuration in which the R, G, and B color filters are provided in adjacent pixels has been described in FIG. 17, the dispersion medium of each cell may be colored in R, G, and B instead of using the color filters. However, it is necessary to provide each color cell in a stripe shape or a dot shape.

Although the color panel shown in FIG. 17 uses R, G, B juxtaposed color filters or R, G, B colored liquids, there is a disadvantage that 2/3 of the white incident light to the light modulation element is lost. The presently established TFT array mass production process and equipment have the advantage that they can be used almost as they are, and they can be manufactured in any size from small to over 100 inches. Unlike liquid crystal color panels, viewing angle widening films, polarizing plates, alignment films, alignment processing processes, etc. are unnecessary, and in addition to simplifying the process and reducing the number of components, polarizing plates are unnecessary. Bright display with a wide viewing angle can be realized.

There are uses for electronic price tags, message displays, and the like that do not necessarily require full color display. FIG. 18 describes an example in which multi-color display is performed without using a color filter in a single-layer dispersion system. A dispersion system in which fine particles having different colors and moving speeds are mixed and dispersed in a transparent dispersion medium is used. That is, if a DC voltage is applied between the electrodes 6-1 and 6-2 (first pulse) and particles are deposited on one electrode (in the case of particles of the same polarity) (FIG. 18A), the cell is transparent. (If the reflector is white when viewed in reflection, it looks white). If a reverse polarity DC pulse (second pulse) with an appropriate width or peak value is applied here, particles with a fast moving speed (first particle: red) first leave the electrode and become dispersed. If is stopped, the cell appears red, which is a dispersed state of particles having a high moving speed (FIG. 18B). In the case of a reverse polarity pulse having a width or peak value larger than that of the second pulse, the first particles are accumulated on the counter electrode 6-2, and only the second particles having a slow speed (black) are dispersed in the dispersion system. Thus, the cell appears almost black (FIG. 18C). If an appropriate AC voltage is applied between the electrodes, the first and second particles are both dispersed, and a red-black color, which is a mixture of these, is presented. That is, four colors can be selected on the single-layer panel. Even if fine particles having different colors have different polarities, they can be used as long as their moving speeds are different.

FIG. 18 describes an example in which multicolor display is performed using the difference in the moving speed of particles. However, in order to desorb particles deposited on an electrode from the electrode by applying a reverse polarity voltage, the threshold voltage depends on the properties of the particles and the electrodes. May exist. This threshold property difference between different color microparticles can be used effectively. The threshold values of the first and second particles are V1 and V2 (V1> V2), respectively. When the voltage V is V1> V> V2, only the second particles can be dispersed. When the voltage V is V> V1, the first particles are mainly used. This is because only a dispersed state can be produced. In addition, a mixed dispersion color can be obtained with an AC voltage of V> V1, and a difference in threshold value as well as a difference in migration speed can be effectively utilized for selective dispersion of particles, and a multi-color display can be achieved with a simple configuration panel. It becomes possible.

When a thin film substrate is used to form a panel or a laminated panel having electrodes on both substrates, alignment of both substrates and each panel becomes difficult due to expansion and contraction due to film temperature and tension. After both film substrates are pasted on a rigid substrate such as glass in a size that assumes single-piece or multiple-piece production, and after forming the dispersion layer, electrodes, switch elements, partition walls, spacers, etc. If a method of peeling the panel from the rigid substrate is formed by sandwiching the dispersion layer between the other film substrate and then removing the panel from the rigid substrate, the vertical alignment of the electrodes resulting from the thinness of the film and the elasticity, etc. The difficulty of the process is reduced.

Even if the panel itself is flexible, if a drive circuit, a battery, or the like is mounted, the paper-like property of the display panel tends to be impaired. Since the display panel of the present invention has a memory property, once the display is updated, the display is maintained even if the driver is disconnected. Therefore, it is possible to adopt a panel / signal source separation method in which the panel electrode terminal portion or the signal supply circuit portion is exposed and connected to the signal supply source only when the display is updated, and the cost is low because no driver is mounted. This ensures the flexibility of the panel.

When a plastic film is used as the transparent substrate of the light modulation element used in the present invention, the feature of continuous mass production by roll-to-roll can be exhibited.
FIG. 19 shows an example of manufacturing a panel having a simple matrix structure using a capsule particle system in a roll-to-roll manner. Capsule particle layers are formed by printing on the upper and lower films. An electrode pair as shown in FIG. 4 is printed on the particle layer of the lower substrate. Next, a roll-shaped panel is formed by bonding with a binder resin so that no bubbles remain between the capsule particle layer on the upper substrate and the electrode layer on the lower substrate. It is possible to produce a plurality of single-color film panels at once by curing the binder by UV irradiation or the like and then cutting it by punching or the like. An AM forming process such as an organic TFT capable of a low temperature process is compatible with a roll-to-roll process, and of course can be effectively applied to the roll-to-roll panel formation of the present application. If processes such as electrode patterning and AM formation are also formed by roll-to-roll, it can be an ideal roll-to-roll mass production method.

Film materials include vinyl polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polypropylene, polystyrene, fluororesin, polyester polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, polyamide nylon, heat-resistant engineering plastic, polyimide, poly Various materials such as sulfone, polyether sulfone, polyphenylene sulfide, polyether ketone, and polyetherimide can be used.

In general, a polymer film is more permeable to gas than glass. In a display device using a film, the film may be exposed to the outside air and moisture may enter the dispersion system to deteriorate the characteristics. Therefore, in order to improve the reliability of the film panel, it is effective to provide a gas barrier layer on the film surface. As the gas barrier layer, it is known that thin films such as silicon oxide and silicon nitride, and laminated films of these films and organic films such as vinyl alcohol-containing polymers are known.

In the light modulation element of the present invention, since the light transmittance of the partition wall portion does not change, it is desirable that the width of this portion in the light transmission direction is as narrow as possible. On the contrary, if this part is transparent, light is lost and the light blocking power of the light modulation element is reduced, so that pure black cannot be obtained. Therefore, it is desirable to make this part black light absorbing or light reflecting. In order to achieve a transmittance modulation of 1000: 1 or more, it is necessary to suppress the light transmittance of the cell in the fine particle dispersion state including the partition wall to less than 0.1%. This can be achieved by providing a matrix (BM) layer and preventing it, and then selecting the concentration of fine particles contained in the cell.

The material used for this invention is described.
As described above, it is desirable that the fine particles have as high a hiding power as possible. For black and white, carbon black, pigment black, graphite or the like, or a so-called toner in which these are embedded in a resin can be used. C, M, Y fine particles include various organic pigments such as azo, phthalocyanine, nitro, nitroso, etc. used in printing ink, color copier toner, ink jet ink, iron oxide, cadmium yellow, and cadmium red. Various things such as inorganic pigments can be used. Y color fine particles such as Hansa Yellow, Benzidine Yellow, and Quinoline Yellow, M Color Fine Particles such as Pigment Red, Rhodamine B, Rose Bengal, and Dimethylquinacridone, and C Color Fine Particles such as aniline blue, phthalocyanine blue, and Pigment Blue K are black. As the fine particles, C, M, and Y fine particles may be mixed and used.

The fine particles are not limited to simple substances but may be capsule fine particles containing dyes, pigments and some color materials together with resins and liquids in order to optimize chargeability and color tone. Particles having an anisotropic shape such as a spherical shape, a needle shape, a rod shape, and a scale shape can be said to be suitable when a linear electrode is used as in the present application. This is because particles are oriented in all directions in a dispersed state, and have a high light absorption ability and light scattering ability. Needle-like and rod-like particles are likely to be arranged in parallel to the electrode when they are accumulated on the electrode, and easily overlap each other in the shape of a scale. This is because both the absorption or scattering cross section is reduced and the contrast is easily increased. The size of the fine particles is desirably about 5 nm to 5 μm. Fine particles can be surface-modified by surface coating at the atomic or molecular level, or can be charged and have good dispersibility using a dispersant, surfactant, etc. Must be adjusted to be redistributed.

In the panel of FIG. 3 of the present application, it has been described that the drive electrode 6-1 and the common electrode 6-2 are both exposed to the dispersion system. In some cases, it is coated with a conductive, semiconductive or insulating film.

Because it will be exposed to strong light for outdoor use, it is especially suitable for the materials used (substrate, adhesive, fine particles, dispersion medium, dispersant, capsule wall material, binder resin, partition material, electrode, AM, etc.) It is necessary to use one that is excellent in light resistance and heat resistance. For outdoor use, it is desirable to use a film or surface coated with a UV absorber. An antireflection film is also useful for improving visibility.

When the medium is liquid, various types of highly insulating solvents such as silicon-based, petroleum-based and halogenated hydrocarbons can be used. Liquid crystals are also a useful fine particle dispersion medium, and it is known that threshold characteristics are exhibited in the desorption of particles from electrodes due to the dielectric anisotropy of the liquid crystals, and can be effectively used for the construction of simple matrix panels.

As the non-linear element material, as described above, a semiconductor such as MIM, a chalcogenite compound, zinc oxide, etc., in which a thin film of Ta, Al or the like is anodized and sandwiched with the other metal can be used, and a-Si, Inorganic semiconductors such as a-InGaZnO and polysilicon, and low molecular and high molecular organic semiconductors such as pentacene, polyfluorene, and polyhexylthiophene are used.

The present invention has the following effects.
This is a display device that changes the light transmittance by moving charged fine particles in a horizontal electric field, and has been reduced by examining the electrode configuration, the amount of fine particles in the cell, the electrode pitch, the cell thickness, and the drive electrode area ratio. Achieves high contrast and high transmittance with voltage, high-definition small light valve for enlarged projection, small to metric size direct-view display, thin flexible black-and-white and full-color electronic paper, ultra-large display exceeding tens of meters Applicable to a wide range of display sizes, a display device that can be used exclusively for reflection, transmission only, or both reflection and transmission has been realized.

Is a cross-sectional view showing the principle of a conventional horizontal electric field particle movement type display device Is another cross-sectional view showing the principle of a conventional horizontal electric field particle movement type display device FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view showing the principle of the horizontal electric field particle movement type display device of the present invention. These are front views of electrodes used in the display device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a view showing a process for forming a display device of the present invention. FIG. 3 is a perspective view of a sheet with a partition wall used in the display device of the present invention. FIG. 4 is a diagram equivalently showing a bright state and a dark state in the display device of the present invention. These are cross-sectional views showing other electrode configurations of the display device of the present invention. These are front views of other electrodes used in the display device of the present invention. Example of applied voltage waveform for creating a particle dispersion state in the display device of the present invention Cross-sectional view of the display device of the present invention composed of capsule particles Sectional view of C, M, Y dispersion type laminated color panel of the present invention Front view of electrode manufacturing process and electrode configuration of simple matrix panel of the present invention Front view of 2-terminal AM array manufacturing process and electrode configuration of the invention The front view of the electrode structure of the pixel part of 3 terminal AM panel of this invention Panel sectional view at the time of manufacturing a reflection type AM light valve using the silicon integrated circuit of the present invention as a lower substrate Sectional view of color panel with color filter of the present invention Sectional drawing which shows the operation principle of the single layer multi-color panel of this invention An example of a process diagram for producing a panel of the present invention by roll-to-roll

Explanation of symbols

DESCRIPTION OF SYMBOLS 1 Transparent upper substrate 2 Lower substrate 3 Counter electrode 4 Collect electrode 5 Fine particle 6 Electrode 6-1 Drive electrode 6-2 Common electrode 7 Dispersion system 8 Cell 9 Spacer 10 Capsule particle 11 Adhesive 12 White diffuser plate 13 White backlight 13a Color Filter 13b Black matrix 13c XY active matrix array 13d Three-color XY active matrix array 14 Reflector 15 Silicon substrate 16 Binder 17 Backlight unit 18 C1, C2, C3,... Column electrode terminal 19 R1, R2 , R3,..., Row electrode terminal 20 partition wall 21 two-terminal element 22 TFT element 23 insulating film 24 laminated cell 25 FET array 26 resin 27 reflective film 28 half cell

Claims (16)

At least one of them forms a cell by sandwiching a dispersion system in which charged fine particles are dispersed in a liquid, liquid crystal, or gas medium between transparent substrates, and the fine particles are moved by a transverse electric field to form a dispersed state. In a horizontal electric field particle movement display device that changes the light transmittance in the direction perpendicular to the substrate of the cell by modulating the amount of the fine particles, a mesh drive electrode and a common electrode are provided to apply an electric field to the dispersion system. A display device comprising: the fine particles deposited on the both sides in the vertical direction and / or both sides in the horizontal direction of the mesh drive electrode. In Claim 1, the electrode pitch P between the drive electrode and the common electrode is set to 5 to 100 μm, the drive electrode area ratio in the pixel is set to 20% or less, and the cell gap d is set to 0.2 to 3.0 times the pitch p. Display device characterized by 3. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the amount of fine particles in the cell is adjusted so that the optical transmittance of the cell is 10% or less in a fine particle dispersed state. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein the cell is formed by a partition wall or a capsule particle provided between the substrates. 5. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles are charged with a single polarity. 5. A display device according to claim 1, wherein the fine particles are mixed with positively and negatively charged particles. 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the dispersion system is (1) a mixed particle system having different moving speed from the color or (2) a mixed particle system in which particles having different colors and different desorption threshold characteristics from electrodes are mixed. Display device characterized by comprising 7. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a dispersion system in which fine particles of different colors are dispersed is laminated. 9. The method according to claim 8, wherein the fine particles each have a cyan color transmission property that absorbs red, a magenta color transmission property that absorbs green color, and a yellow color transmission property that absorbs blue color, and at least these three layers are laminated. Full color display device 10. The display device according to claim 8, wherein when n layers of different color dispersion systems are stacked, when the angle from the substrate normal is θ and the pixel size is S, the required viewing angle θ is obtained. In addition, the color display device is characterized in that the thickness q of the cell per color comprising the substrate and the dispersion system satisfies q ≦ S / tan (θ) / 2 / n. 8. A color display device according to claim 1, wherein R, G, and B color filters are provided in adjacent pixels, respectively. 12. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the drive electrode is configured to be driven by simple matrix drive, static drive or active matrix drive. 13. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a light source is provided on the back surface. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 13, wherein a plurality of panels each composed of a single cell or a plurality of cells are assembled in the X and Y directions. The display device according to any one of claims 1 to 14 is peeled off after performing a process up to an electrode film forming process, a process up to forming a dispersion layer, or a process up to panel formation on a peeling layer provided on a rigid substrate. Of a display device characterized by The display device according to claim 1 is manufactured by roll-to-roll using a roll film.