HU198116B - Spraying machine particularly for area-proportional spreading spray liquor - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a spraying device, in particular for the area-proportional Verspruehung with respective Spruehfluessigkeiten having a from a Spruehfluessigkeitsbehaelter, a Spruehvorrichtung, these interconnecting lines, a pump and a pressure regulator existing Spruehfluessigkeitskreis, also a speed signal transmitter and a controller connected to the pressure regulator in control connection , The essence of the invention is that the speed signal transmitter is designed as a pressure signal generator unit and the control unit as such a pressure copier, which is capable of converting the speed-proportional pressure signals of the pressure signal generator unit to the spray fluid circuit. Fig. 1

Description

FIELD OF THE INVENTION The present invention relates to a field sprayer, which is mainly used for area spray application and is particularly useful for large-scale plant protection.

It has long been known to those skilled in the art that, especially in the case of expensive and selective crop sprayers, there is a significant economic loss if spray liquid spraying is higher or lower than required.

Because spraying at constant speeds is not usually possible with current sprayers, manufacturers of plant protection machines are striving to achieve road and volume-proportional spraying.

It is known from Hungarian Patent Application No. 184,335 and French Patent No. 2,925,546 where a microprocessor computer detects speed, pressure or fluid flow through various peripherals and, if necessary, adjusts the pressure regulator of the spray head based on previously entered reference data. A sprayer known as "DICKEY-john DjSCIOOO", which is commercially available, has a similar solution.

Although these solutions can provide other services, they require a lot of expertise to operate, they can only be repaired by a specialized service center, and they are too expensive to be widely distributed.

In terms of technology, it is a French sprayer known as .JEVRARD, which is closer to agriculture. In this case, a forced-flow pump is driven from the impeller and its titrated fluid volume is distributed by a control device on the one hand to the fluid circuit to the spray device and on the other to a recirculated bypass circuit through which excess spray liquid returns to the spray liquid tank. The disadvantage is that the power that can be removed from the impeller is limited, so this solution is only applicable in small spreading ranges. Further, here, a sophisticated control mechanism is required to adjust the fluid volumes delivered by the pump, which is forced to the maximum fluid volume, to an acceptable accuracy. Of course, such adjustment can only occur on the fly.

A common disadvantage of the above solutions is that an additional pump, usually a centrifugal pump, is required for mixing, which further increases the cost. Furthermore, by varying the application rate, the operating pressure in the spray circuit will inevitably change and consequently the spray pattern of the nozzles will change, which is undesirable.

There is also a commercially available German Sprayer, known as "CONDURLA GDE", in which the liquid chemical is added to a constant pressure water circuit. Here again, the dosing is done using a forced-flow pump, in addition to the above drawbacks.

A further common disadvantage of the above sprayers is that special care must be taken when applying section couplings to the boom, so that other technical parameters of the sprayer are not altered when the working width is changed. 2

However, this inevitably increases the structural complexity and price of the equipment.

Further, it is known from Hungarian Patent Application No. 184,154 that a speed transmitter is configured as a speed proportional pressure signal generating unit for use in spray application. Further, this device also has a control unit which can copy the pressure-proportional pressure signals of the pressure-signaling unit to the spray circuit. The pressure transducer used herein is designed as a pneumatic device. Further, the control unit is also a pneumatic system which is connected to the pneumatic pressure signal generating unit via a pneumatic licensing unit. A speed proportional pneumatic signal is then subjected to a number of manipulations prior to transcription of the perpetual circuit, such as comparison, amplification, subtraction, which makes the apparatus too complicated. Further, in this document, the inventors have clearly sought to establish a first-order pressure function, whereas, on the contrary, practical experience has shown that a second-order pressure function would be much more desirable for nozzle pits to improve spray quality. The relatively complicated and expensive construction of the above apparatus also has the disadvantage that the pneumatic control, being an air compressible medium, is not very suitable for precise control, especially at small volumes.

It is an object of the present invention to overcome the above shortcomings, that is, to provide a sprayer in which the proportional spray application can be accomplished with significantly simpler construction and less effort than in the prior art.

In order to solve the problem, we started from the last known sprayer. This is further developed in accordance with the present invention, i.e. the essence of the present invention is that the pressure copying control unit is designed as a single combined valve having an axially displaceable piston in the housing. Its front sides are connected to a closed space in the housing, one space directly connected to the control line of the pressure generating unit formed as an auxiliary hydraulic stone, and the other space to the pressure line of the spray bed via a pressure transmission line. Further, the control unit is provided with a control unit in control connection with the control valve formed as a pressure regulator of the spray bed, which mechanically cooperates with the piston of the control unit.

Due to the above configuration or arrangement, the device according to the invention provides direct hydromechanical control as a function of the current spray pressure. The control unit compares directly the speed-proportional pressure signal with the spray juice pressure. If they are not the same or not in a fixed ratio, the control unit according to the invention will come into operation only

According to a further feature of the invention, the rate proportional pressure signal generating unit is so ancillary

198-116 is designed as a hydraulic circuit using a pump in drive connection with the impeller of the sprayer. Its suction nozzle is connected to a control fluid receiving vessel, while its discharge nozzle is connected to a control line directly connected to the aforementioned space of the control unit. A return line with adjustable throttle is provided between the control line and the tank.

The pressure duplicator may optionally be provided with a manually adjustable spring load transducer on the control side, the spring plate of which is supported on the piston front through an axially displaceable pressure totalizer. It is preferable that both end faces of the plunger rest on a resilient sealing membrane having a flange located in the grooves of the housing. This makes it easy to separate the different media spaces.

The control unit preferably extends into the lateral U-shaped recess of the pressure duplicator piston and is configured as a two-seat ball valve with the ball resting on a control rod disposed in the piston displacement direction. In addition, a control fluid supply line is connected to its inlet connector and a control cable to its controlled connector.

In the case where constant spraying pressure is desired in addition to area proportional spraying, it is expedient to have a design in which the sprayer is provided with an additional clean water circuit with a pump and a pressure regulator as well as a water tank. Its pressure line is connected to the additional pressure summary of the pressure copier. Preferably, the spray line is provided with a controllable choke on the discharge line.

The invention will now be described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which the sprayer according to the invention is described in two examples. embodiment. In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a first embodiment of a sprayer according to the invention;

Figure 2 is a sectional view of a detail of the solution of Figure 1, namely the control unit;

Figure 3 is a sectional view of the detail of Figure 2; Figure 4 is a schematic schematic diagram of another exemplary embodiment of a sprayer according to the invention;

Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view of the control unit of Figure 4.

As shown in Fig. 1, the sprayer of the present invention has a spray circuit consisting of a pump 1, a pressure regulator 2 and a pump tank 3, known per se, which is connected to a boom 5 via a pressure line 4. Furthermore, the sprayer also has a speed transmitter which is connected to a control unit 7 controlling the pressure regulator 2 of the sprayer circuit.

According to the present invention, the speed transmitter is configured as a speed proportional pressure adjusting unit 6. In the embodiment shown in Figure 1, the rate proportional pressure generator 6 is designed as an auxiliary and self-circulating fluid circuit having a pump 9, an adjustable throttle 10 and, in this case, a separate reservoir 11, driven by a non-driven impeller 8 and the control line 12 is connected to the control unit 7.

Kényszeráramlású flags supplied by the pump 9, and velocity proportional liquid flow therefore flows back into the tank 11 via line 12. _The properly marked with the flow restrictor 10 bcáiiítoli nyíláskcrcszlmetszclénck. On the other hand, via control line 12, the control unit 7 receives rate-proportional pressure signals, i.e., in this case, a second-order pressure function (such a function can be described as p ~ eX v ³ , where v: travel speed; c: constant).

2 and 3 illustrate the control unit 7 in greater detail. This is designed as a pressure copier that directly transmits speed proportional pressure signals to the spray circuit. According to the invention, the control unit 7 has an axially displaceable piston 14 in its housing 13, the two front sides of which are connected to an upper space 15 and a lower space 16 respectively. The spaces 5 and 16 are enclosed spaces formed in the housing 13, of which the space 15 is connected to the control line 12 of the pressure signal generating unit 6 and the space 16 is connected to the pressure transmitter line 17 connected to the pressure line 4 of the spray circuit. In the conduit 17, a fluid separation membrane 18 is known per se (Fig. 1).

In Figure 2, both ends of the piston 14 rest on a resilient membrane 19 which may be, for example, a rubber membrane. The edges of the membranes 19 are located in the grooves of the housing 13.

As shown in Fig. 2, the upper face of the piston 14 rests through the diaphragm 19 with a lower load bearing disk 21 which is axially displaceable in the space 15. An upper disc 24 is connected to the load 22 disc 22 via a central rod 23 on which a manual transducer 25 rests. The rod 23 is guided in the opening 26 of the housing 13 and is sealed with a sealing ring 27.

The manual 25 load transmitter has several roles. Help! for example, the sprayer can be set at different spray pressure pressures when stationary for measurement or, for example, at constant pressure, the spray pressure can be set. In the present case, the transducer 25 has a spring plate 28 which is loaded on the disc 24 of the load summarizer 21, which is slidably arranged in the coaxial opening of the housing 13 and on which a compression spring 29 sits. This can be pre-tensioned by means of an axially movable disk 32 threadedly connected to the 3 i axis of the handwheel 30. In order to relieve the compression spring 29, the spring plate 28 can be lifted off the ring 24 by, for example, turning the eccentric pins 33 embedded in the housing 13 by pressing the lever 34. With this push, the manual load transmitter 25 can be bypassed.

As shown in Figure 2, the piston 14 is lateral

It has a J-shaped recess 35. This extends to the control unit 37 arranged in the opening 36 of the housing 13, which actually controls the pressure regulator 2 of the spray circuit.

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An exemplary embodiment of the control unit 37 is illustrated in section in Figure 3. As indicated herein, the control unit 37 has a housing 38 in which a two-seat ball valve is arranged. The ball 39, the upper and lower conical seats 40 and 41 respectively, and the space below the lower purple are designated by reference numerals 42. The ball 39 is supported by a centrally arranged control bar 43. In this case, the upper seat 40 is formed on the lower front portion of the adjusting rod 44. The adjusting rod 44 has an external thread connected to the threaded bore of the housing 38. The relative position of the upper seat 40 can be adjusted by unscrewing the adjusting rod 44. The adjusting rod 44 is locked in position by a locking nut 45.

The adjusting rod 44 is provided with a central bore 46, the diameter of which is selected such that a circumferential ring 47 is formed around the outer periphery of the control rod 43, which travels with the space below the upper seat 40.

The inlet 48 extends into the space 42 and is connected to the actuator medium line 49 shown in Figure 3 only. Through line 49, the control unit 37 is connected to a pressurized glass source, which may be, for example, an air brake system of a sprayer power unit of 5 to 6 bar. The outlet 50 of the control unit 37 is connected via line 51 to the pressure regulator 2 of the spray circuit (Fig. 1).

Returning to Figure 2, it is shown that the upper end of the control rod 43 extending from the housing of the control unit 37 cooperates with the upper horizontal surface of the U-shaped recess 35 of the piston 14. As the piston 14 moves downward, the control bar 43 in the control unit 37 releases the ball 39 downward and clamps it to the lower seat 41. This closes the path of the inlet presser tube, and the pressure in the conduit 51 can then be vented through the annular space 47 as the upper seat 40 is open.

1-3. 1 to 4, the pressure proportional pressure function formed in the control zone 12 is directly copied by the control unit 7 to the pressure regulator 2 of the spray circuit by means of a forced fluid circuit circulated by the pump 9 driven by the impeller 8. Thus, a very simple design achieves precisely controlled rate-of-application, i.e., area-proportional dispersion.

If the permeate pressure were lower than the originally determined pressure value, the pressure in the conduit 17 and hence in the lower space 16 of the control unit 7 would decrease. This means that the amount of pressure initially set on the manual load transducer 25 and the pressure acting on the load summary 21 via the control line 12 moves the piston 14 downwards. Consequently, the control unit 37 controls as described above, i.e. the ball 39 closes the lower seat 41 and the pressure in the conduit 51 is vented through the outlet 50 and the annular space 47.

Since the control line 2 receives a relatively lower control pressure via the control line 51, the spray pressure in the pressure line 4 is increased by the pressure controller 2. It is noted that here the pressure regulator 2 is a negative control valve 4, which in a manner known per se receives a lower control pressure, the higher the spray pressure.

If the spray pressure is higher than the value originally prescribed, the piston 14 of the control unit 7 will move upward, while the control bar 43 will release the ball 39 of the control unit 37. In this case, the compressed air entering through the inlet 48 pushes the ball 39 onto the upper seats 40, thereby providing the outlet glass with a free path through the outlet 50. This increases the control pressure in the line 51, which causes the pressure regulator 2 to reduce the spray liquid pressure in the fluid circuit.

It should be noted that the pressure regulator 2 may optionally be a positive control valve, or the current valve may be mounted up to 180 in the housing 13.

Although the boom 5 is shown schematically in FIG. 1, it is noted that it can be locked even in sections without changing the spray pressure in the discharge line 4.

It is also possible to have an arrangement in which the rate proportional pressure generating unit 6 does not have a separate reservoir 11 for the oil, but is also connected to the spray liquid reservoir 3 itself in the case of additional liquid. In addition, other devices capable of generating a velocity-proportional ion function may also be considered as the pressure-generating unit 6.

The device according to the invention is another example! 4 and 5 illustrate an embodiment thereof. This design is particularly useful if it is important to remove the application at constant pressure in addition to the area-based mother liquor.

The embodiment of Fig. 4 differs from that of Fig. 1 only in that the stock solution 3 is stored in the spray liquid reservoir or, in the case of liquid formulation, the chemical itself. Here, the constant spray pressure required for the spray heads of the boom 5 is provided by a separate distillate liquid consisting of a tank 52, a pump 53 and a pressure regulator 54 built in the return line.

The spray pressure of the boom 5 is adjusted in this case in this pure water circuit and is essentially independent of the speed of the sprayer. The discharge line connected to the filter frame 5 in the case of pure water liquid is indicated by 55, which is connected to the pressure line 4 carrying the stock solution and incorporating a controllable throttle 56 prior to its connection. The function of the throttle 56 is to create a pressure drop. Thus, in this embodiment, the pressure line 4 of the chemical circuit feeds into a pressurized clean water circuit. The respective pressure of the latter is transmitted through a further diaphragm fluid separator 57 by a pressure transducer line 58 to the control unit 7, which is designed as a pressure copier.

Details of it. Fig. 5 shows that the control unit 7 used here differs from the embodiment of Fig. 3 in that in the housing 13 there is an additional load summer 59 between the load balancer 21 and the spring plate 28, which has the same construction

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It rests on the load summary 21 through a membrane 60 which is constructed in a 116 116 and flexible manner. The lower disk 61 of the load balancer 59 is axially displaceable in the housing 62 of the housing 13, and the pressure transducer line 58 extends into this space 62.

4 and 5, a speed proportional pressure signal is provided on the controlled side of the control unit 7 through the control line 12. on the other hand, when the liquid water is clean, the pressure acts together through the pressure transducer line 58. This ensures that the pressure in the pressure line 4 is always greater than the pressure in the pressure line 55 of the clean water circuit with the proportional pressure signal. The amount of chemical flowing through the gas 56 throttle therefore depends only on the rate-proportional pressure signal.

An important advantage of this design is that the spray pressure of the spray roll 5 can be kept constant at all times, which results in a constant quality drop formation of the spray heads, which is not possible with known solutions and has very significant cultivation advantages.

Finally, it should be noted that the hydromechanical pressure signal generating unit 6 described in the exemplary embodiments shown has proved to be very advantageous in our experiments for producing a second-order pressure function. Of course, any other pressure function may be used to suit the particular requirements. Further, the throttle 56 need not necessarily be an adjustable throttle valve, but may be replaced by a properly selected nozzle or nozzle set.

Returning to the embodiment of Fig. 4, the throttle 10 serves here to accurately adjust the desired application. It is advisable to configure it with double adjustment. One of them sets the nominal value, while the other one can reduce or increase the amount of spray liquid applied on the go. This is e.g. it may be desirable in a single field with changing cultures or changing soil conditions.

A further advantage of the present invention is that, due to its relatively simple construction, it is considerably cheaper and more reliable than the known solutions, and can be repaired and serviced in agricultural repair shops, and does not require any special handling.

It is a significant advantage of the invention that the handwheel 30 can be set to the required pressure, e.g. or measurement data. This pressure value can be adjusted by means of the throttle 10 at the desired travel speed when the boom 5 is off, and the apparatus is now ready to be dispensed. Thus, the above setting can be made on the road without loss of chemicals.

Claims (4)

PATENT CLAIMS 1. A sprayer for spraying a predominantly area proportional spray liquid comprising a spray tank consisting of a spray tank, a solder frame, a pump and a control valve interconnected thereto, and a speed proportional pressure generating unit and a pressure control unit / characterized in that the duplicating control unit (7) has an axially displaceable piston (14) in the housing (13) having a front side thereof! communicating with one of the enclosed spaces (15 and 16) of the housing (13), respectively. one space (15) is in direct control with the speed proportional pressure signal generating unit (6) formed as an auxiliary hydraulic circuit with the control line (12), the other space (16) is directly connected via the sludge pressure transmission line (17) with the pressure line (4) (7) provided with a control unit (37) in a control connection with the control valve formed as a pressure regulator (2) in the spray bed, which is mechanically cooperating with the piston (14) of the control unit (7). Sprayer according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control unit (7) is preferably manually adjustable on the control side, with a spring load transmitter (25) having a spring plate (28) on the front face of the piston (14) in the housing (13). (15) is supported by an axially displaceable load summary (21). Sprayer according to Claim 1 or 2, characterized in that both end faces of the plunger (14) rest on an elastic sealing membrane (19), the periphery of which is the housing. (13) is located in the grooves (20). 4. Sprayer according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the control unit (37) of the control unit (7) is arranged in the opening (36) of the housing (13) and in the lateral recess (35) of the piston (14). a ball valve having a control bar (43) disposed on the ball (39) in the displacement direction of the piston (14) and cooperating with the free end of the piston (14) on the free face of the piston (14); preferably connected to a compressed air line (49), but the other seat (40) preferably as a bleed passage to a ring space! (47), and the control unit (37) is provided with a ball (39) receiving space provided with an outlet (50) associated with a control line (51) connected to the pressure regulator (2) of the fluid circuit. Sprayer according to Claim 4, characterized in that the distance between the two opposite conical seats (40, 41) of the control unit (37) is adjustable by means of an adjusting rod (44) which is threadedly connected to the housing (38). 6. Λζ. Sprayer according to any one of claims 5 to 5, characterized in that it also has a clean water circuit comprising a reservoir (52), a pump (53) and a pressure regulator (54), the pressure line (55) of which is connected to the hair (5). and the discharge line (4) of the fluid circuit of the container (3) preferably receiving the stock solution is preferably controlled by a throttle (56) 198 116 ΙΟ it is connected to the discharge line (55) and is connected to the additional load summary (59) of the control unit (7) via the fluid separator (57) and pressure transmitter line (58) for clear water (Figures 4 and 5). Sprayer according to Claim 6, characterized in that the other load summing (59) of the control unit (7) in the housing (13) is arranged in a force-tight connection between the first load summation (21) and the manual load transmitter (25). An elastic sealing membrane (60) is disposed between adjacent discs (21, 59). 8. Figures 1-7. Sprayer according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the speed proportional pressure generating unit (6) formed as an auxiliary hydraulic circuit has a pump (9) connected to the impeller of the sprayer (9); and its discharge port is connected to a control line (13) directly connected to the space (15) of the control unit (7), and a return line (12 _A ) between the control line (12) and the tank (11) is incorporated into which the throttle (10) is adjustable. ) is registered. 4 drawings, 5 figures Published by the National Trademark Office Responsible for publishing: Zoltán Himer, head of department To be featured in the Technical Book; run by publisher COPYLUX Printing and Duplicating Small Cooperative