GB2164198A - Cables - Google Patents

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Publication number
GB2164198A
GB2164198A GB08521985A GB8521985A GB2164198A GB 2164198 A GB2164198 A GB 2164198A GB 08521985 A GB08521985 A GB 08521985A GB 8521985 A GB8521985 A GB 8521985A GB 2164198 A GB2164198 A GB 2164198A
Authority
GB
United Kingdom
Prior art keywords
powder
elements
water blocking
coated
manufacture
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
GB08521985A
Other versions
GB8521985D0 (en
Inventor
Stephen Roy Kendall
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Telephone Cables Ltd
Original Assignee
Telephone Cables Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Telephone Cables Ltd filed Critical Telephone Cables Ltd
Publication of GB8521985D0 publication Critical patent/GB8521985D0/en
Publication of GB2164198A publication Critical patent/GB2164198A/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/32—Filling or coating with impervious material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4401—Optical cables
    • G02B6/4429—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables
    • G02B6/44384—Means specially adapted for strengthening or protecting the cables the means comprising water blocking or hydrophobic materials
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
    • G02B6/44—Mechanical structures for providing tensile strength and external protection for fibres, e.g. optical transmission cables
    • G02B6/4479—Manufacturing methods of optical cables
    • G02B6/449—Twisting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/185—Substances or derivates of cellulose
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/34—Waxes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/447—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from acrylic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/46—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes silicones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/28—Protection against damage caused by moisture, corrosion, chemical attack or weather
    • H01B7/282—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable
    • H01B7/285—Preventing penetration of fluid, e.g. water or humidity, into conductor or cable by completely or partially filling interstices in the cable

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)

Abstract

The surface of one or more individual wires or fibres 1 in an electric and/or optical fibre cable, or the surface of one or more bundles of such elements stranded together, is provided with a coating 3 of powder having water blocking properties. Examples of such powders are sodium carboxylmethyl cellulose and cross-linked acrylamide polymer. In an embodiment the stranded wires 1 are impregnated 2 with petroleum jelly or silicone resin and the surface dusted 3 with a blocking agent. Plastics sheaths 4, 6 and a metallic barrier strip 5 are provided. The metallic strip 5 may be coated on one or both sides with blocking agent. Additionally or alternatively individual elements may be coated with blocking agent. <IMAGE>

Description

SPECIFICATION Cables This invention relates to electrical or optical fibre cables, that is to say cables incorporating one or more filamentary elements of an electrically conducting or light conducting nature, or a combination of such elements, within a channel in a protective cover, and relates also to the manufacture of such cables.
In accordancewith one aspectofthe invention at least one surface within said channel has a coating of powder having water blocking properties.
By "water blocking properties" is meant a powder that swells in contact with water or one which dissolves in waterto cause an increase in viscosity and eventual water blockage. Examples of such powders are sodium carboxylmethyl cellulose and cross-linked acrylamide polymer.
The water blocking powder may be provided on a surface of at least one of said electrically- or lightconducting elements, or on the surface of one or more bundles of elements which have been stranded together.
The elements may be in the form of a plurality of metal wires, either uninsulated or carrying an insulating coating, or a plurality of optical fibres preferably with a protective resin coating depending upon the nature ofthe cables.
The powder is conveniently applied to the surface of the element or bundle of elements by drawing the individual element or bundle through a bath containing the powder before the application ofthe protective cover.
Wherethe elements are intheform of a stranded together bundle having the i terstices between the elements impregnated with a liquid ot semi-liquid filling medium, such as petroleum jelly or other petroleum, polymer or silicone based compound, for the purpose of blocking water paths along the interior ofthe cable, the powderwill, in general, adhere satisfactorily to the surface ofthe bundle due to the presence oftho filling medium absorbed into the outer layer of the bundle. However, in some cases a layer of a liquid orsemi-liquid material such as the filling medium, silicone, or one or other suitable substance may be applied to the surface of the bundle priorto the powder application to facilitate the adherence of the powderthereto.Similarly in the case of a single element, for example a wire or optical fibre, the surface of the element may be coated with a liquid or semi-liquid material forthis purpose.
Where individual elements comprise a wire or optical fibre with an insulating and/or protective cover orcoating, the wires orfibres maythemselves be coated with water blocking powder priorto the application ofthe cover or coating.
Similarly where a plurality of elements are formed into a bundle the individual elements may be coated with said powder prior to being stranded together.
Whernthe cable incorporates a bonded or nonbonded metallic or non-metallic screen or barrier around the filamentary elements a surface of the screen or barrier may be coated with said powder.
The powder may be applied to the screen or barrier as previously described above for coating the elements or by means of an electrostatic deposition technique.
Water blocking powder may in some cases be applied to carriertape orstring helically applied to one of more bundles of elements before the application of the protective cover.
An electric cable in accordance with the invention and a method of forming the cable will now be described by way of example with reference to Figure 1 and 2 of the accompanying schematic drawing, in which Figure 1 illustrates a cross-section through the cable, and Figure 2 illustrates in diagrammatic form a process forthe manufacture of the cable.
Referring first to Figure 1 ,the cable comprises a plurality of insulated wires 1 stranded together, and impregnated with a water-repellent medium 2 such as petroleum jelly or silicone oil, and having on its surface a dusting of a water blocking powder 3, such as sodium carboxylmethyl cellulose. Although only sixwires are shown, in practicethere may be many more. The thickness of the powdercoating 3 has been exaggerated for clarity. The coated wire bundle 1 is surrounded in turn by an inner protective sheath 4 of plastics material extruded overthe bundle, a metallic barrier strip 5, eitherfolded longitudinallyorwound helically around the inner sheath, and an outer plastics sheath 6 extruded around the barrier strip 5.
The barrierstrip is also conveniently coated with a layer (not shown) of water blocking powder on one or both surfaces.
In the manufacture ofthe cable, the insulated wires 1 are fed from spools 11 and are stranded together using any suitable known stranding technique at 12, the strandedtogetherwire bundle 21 being passed through a bath 13 of a liquid filling compound which is caused to penetrate the interstices of the wires. The filled wire bundle is then passed through a bath 15 of sodium carboxyl methyl cellulose in powdered form, having a powder size of between < 10 u and 600 ,u, a layer of powder being retained on the surface ofthe impregnated bundle by adhesion tothefilling compound absorbed into the outer layer.
The coated wire bundle is then passed through an extruder 1 6where an inner plastics cover 17 is applied to it, a metal strip5 being around the cover at 18, and an outer plastics sheath 6 extruded around the strips on passage through a further extruder 19.
The water blocking powder may expand on contact with water and/or dissolve into the water causing increase in viscosity and these effects either singly or in unison have the effect of blocking the further passage of water between the wire bundle and the inner cover 17.
Although the stranded wires of the cable described are coated with water blocking powder itwill be appreciated that individual elements may additionally or alternatively be coated. Moreover othersuitable surfaces be so coated to reduce oreliminate water penetration along the cable.

Claims (19)

1. An electrical or optical fibre cable wherein at leastone surface within said channel has a coating of powder having water blocking properties.
2. A cabJe-according to Claim-1 wherein the water blocking powderfills less than 5% of the available interstitial space orspaces within said channel.
3. A cable according to Claim 1 or2whereinthe water blocking powder consists ofearboxylmethyl cellulose ora cross-linked acrylamide polymer.
4. A cable according to Claim 1,2 or3 wherein said water blocking powder is provided on a surface ofat least one of said electrically-or light-conducting elements, oron the surface of one or more bundles of elements which have been stranded together.
5. Acable according to Claim 4 incorporating a plurality of electrically-conducting elements in the form of metal wires.
6. Acableaccording to Claim 4 incorporating a plurality oflight-conducting elements in the form of optical fibres coated with a protective resin.
7. AcableaccoridngtoClaim1,2Or3whereina surfacewhithin the channel, otherthan thesaid electrically- or [ight-conducting element or elements, is coated with said water blocking powder.
8. AcableaccordingtoClaim7whereinthewater blocking- powder is coated on a filament ortape within said channel.
9. A cable according to Claim7 wherein the cable incorporates a bonded or non-bonded metallic or non-metallic screen orbarrieraroundthefilamentary elements, wherein a surface ofthe screen or ba rrier is coated with said water blocking powder.
10. A cable according to Claim 1,2 or3 incorporat- ing a plurality of optical fibres loosely accommodated in one or morechannels in the protective cover.
11. The manufacture of a cable according to Claim 5 or6wherein the individual elementsare coated with said water blocking powder before being stranded together.
12. The manufacture of a cable according to Claim 5 or 6 wherein the powder is applied to the surface of the stranded togetherelements.
13. The manufacture according to Claim 11 or 12 wherein the individual elements orthe stranded together elements, as the case may be, are drawn through a bath containing the powder before the application of the protective cover.
14. The manufacture according to Claim 12where- in the stranded togetherelements are impregnated with a liquidorsemi-liquid filling medium priorto the application ofthe water blocking powder thereto.
15. The manufactureaccordingto Claim 12where in-a layer of liquid semi-liquid material isappliedto the surface ofthe stranded together elements priorto the application ofthe water blocking powderthereto.
16. The manufacture of a cable according to Claim 11 wherein a layer of liquid orsemi-liquid material is applied to the surface ofthe individual elements prior to the application ofthe water blocking powder thereto.
17. The manufacture of a cable according to Claim 9wherein the powder is applied to the screen or barrier by an electrostatic deposition technique.
18. An electrical or optical cablesubstantially as shown in and as hereinbefore described with referenceto Figure 1 ofthe accompanying drawing.
19. The manufacture of an electrical or optical cable carried out substantially as shown in and as hereinbefore described with reference to Figure2 of the accompanying drawing.
Printed in the United Kingdom for Her Majesty's Stationery Office, 8818935, - 3(88 18998. Published at the Patent Office,-25 Southampton Buildings, London WC2A lAY, from which copies may be obtained.
GB08521985A 1984-09-05 1985-09-04 Cables Withdrawn GB2164198A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB848422458A GB8422458D0 (en) 1984-09-05 1984-09-05 Cables

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
GB8521985D0 GB8521985D0 (en) 1985-10-09
GB2164198A true GB2164198A (en) 1986-03-12

Family

ID=10566311

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB848422458A Pending GB8422458D0 (en) 1984-09-05 1984-09-05 Cables
GB08521985A Withdrawn GB2164198A (en) 1984-09-05 1985-09-04 Cables

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
GB848422458A Pending GB8422458D0 (en) 1984-09-05 1984-09-05 Cables

Country Status (1)

Country Link
GB (2) GB8422458D0 (en)

Cited By (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2184563A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-06-24 Telephone Cables Ltd Optical fibre units
GB2215480A (en) * 1988-03-04 1989-09-20 Stc Plc Optical fibre cable element
EP0418660A2 (en) * 1989-09-22 1991-03-27 kabelmetal electro GmbH Communication cable
EP0572173A1 (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-01 AT&T Corp. Communication cable having water-blocking capabilities
EP0947999A2 (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-06 Pirelli Cable Corporation Apparatus, systems and methods for applying filling compound and water absorbing particles in a stranded conductor
US6087000A (en) * 1997-12-18 2000-07-11 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coated fiber strands, composites and cables including the same and related methods
US6238791B1 (en) 1997-12-18 2001-05-29 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coated glass fibers, composites and methods related thereto
EP1170614A1 (en) * 2000-06-07 2002-01-09 Lucent Technologies Inc. Dry-blocked armored cable having reduced water penetration
NL1037007C2 (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-07 Draka Comteq Bv Cable element, data transmission cable, method for manufacturing and use of data transmission cable.

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB520999A (en) * 1938-11-04 1940-05-09 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to submarine cables
GB1200395A (en) * 1967-11-27 1970-07-29 Siemens Ag Improvements in or relating to telecommunications cables
GB1535840A (en) * 1975-02-26 1978-12-13 Northern Telecom Ltd Filler composition and its use in water blocked electric cables
GB1538613A (en) * 1975-04-01 1979-01-24 Northern Telecom Ltd Method and apparatus for producing powder filled cable
GB2011153A (en) * 1977-11-03 1979-07-04 Bicc Ltd Telecommunication cables
EP0022745A1 (en) * 1979-07-17 1981-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electric cable with multi-wire conductor and moisture barrier
EP0031789A1 (en) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Longitudinally water-tight electrical cable and process for its manufacture
GB1598807A (en) * 1978-05-31 1981-09-23 Bicc Ltd Telecommunication cables
GB2080998A (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-02-10 Pirelli Treficable Telecommunications Cable

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB520999A (en) * 1938-11-04 1940-05-09 Standard Telephones Cables Ltd Improvements in or relating to submarine cables
GB1200395A (en) * 1967-11-27 1970-07-29 Siemens Ag Improvements in or relating to telecommunications cables
GB1535840A (en) * 1975-02-26 1978-12-13 Northern Telecom Ltd Filler composition and its use in water blocked electric cables
GB1538613A (en) * 1975-04-01 1979-01-24 Northern Telecom Ltd Method and apparatus for producing powder filled cable
GB2011153A (en) * 1977-11-03 1979-07-04 Bicc Ltd Telecommunication cables
GB1598807A (en) * 1978-05-31 1981-09-23 Bicc Ltd Telecommunication cables
EP0022745A1 (en) * 1979-07-17 1981-01-21 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Electric cable with multi-wire conductor and moisture barrier
EP0031789A1 (en) * 1979-12-20 1981-07-08 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Longitudinally water-tight electrical cable and process for its manufacture
GB2080998A (en) * 1980-07-21 1982-02-10 Pirelli Treficable Telecommunications Cable

Cited By (16)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2184563A (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-06-24 Telephone Cables Ltd Optical fibre units
GB2215480A (en) * 1988-03-04 1989-09-20 Stc Plc Optical fibre cable element
EP0418660A2 (en) * 1989-09-22 1991-03-27 kabelmetal electro GmbH Communication cable
EP0418660A3 (en) * 1989-09-22 1991-09-18 Kabelmetal Electro Gmbh Communication cable
CN1080442C (en) * 1992-05-29 2002-03-06 美国电话及电报公司 Communication cable having water-blocking capabilities
US5373100A (en) * 1992-05-29 1994-12-13 At&T Corp. Communication cable having water-blocking capabilities
EP0572173A1 (en) * 1992-05-29 1993-12-01 AT&T Corp. Communication cable having water-blocking capabilities
US6087000A (en) * 1997-12-18 2000-07-11 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coated fiber strands, composites and cables including the same and related methods
US6238791B1 (en) 1997-12-18 2001-05-29 Ppg Industries Ohio, Inc. Coated glass fibers, composites and methods related thereto
EP0947999A2 (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-06 Pirelli Cable Corporation Apparatus, systems and methods for applying filling compound and water absorbing particles in a stranded conductor
US5983618A (en) * 1998-03-31 1999-11-16 Pirelli Cable Corporation Apparatus, systems and methods for applying filling compound and water absorbing particles in a stranded conductor
EP0947999A3 (en) * 1998-03-31 2000-11-29 Pirelli Cable Corporation Apparatus, systems and methods for applying filling compound and water absorbing particles in a stranded conductor
EP1170614A1 (en) * 2000-06-07 2002-01-09 Lucent Technologies Inc. Dry-blocked armored cable having reduced water penetration
NL1037007C2 (en) * 2009-06-02 2010-12-07 Draka Comteq Bv Cable element, data transmission cable, method for manufacturing and use of data transmission cable.
EP2259270A2 (en) 2009-06-02 2010-12-08 Draka Comteq B.V. Cable element, data transmission cable, method for manufacturing and use of data transmission cable.
EP2259270A3 (en) * 2009-06-02 2011-12-14 Draka Comteq B.V. Cable element, data transmission cable, method for manufacturing and use of data transmission cable.

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB8521985D0 (en) 1985-10-09
GB8422458D0 (en) 1984-10-10

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