FI76316B - GOEDSELBLANDNING MED LAONGTIDSVERKAN OCH PROGRAMMERAD NAERINGSAVGIVNING. - Google Patents

Description

7631 6

A fertilizer mixture with long-term effect and programmed nutrient delivery

The invention relates to a fertilizer mixture having a long-term effect and a controlled release of nutrients.

Optimal crop nutrition must take into account the fact that each crop (species, variety) has specific needs in terms of nutrient quality and quantity. In general, young plants are more sensitive to salts for 10 min than older ones. With development, different requirements then arise for the quality and quantity of micronutrients for individual macros.

Thus, it is now the practice in horticulture that the total amount of manure-15 required for a given growing season is used in parts. The aim and aim is to ensure that fertilization can be adapted as closely as possible to the specific needs of the crop, to avoid harmful salinity and deficiency conditions and, finally, to minimize fertilizer losses. It is recognized from the use data that thus several batches of fertilizer with different compositions have to be used in order to obtain an optimal culture result.

In this case, it has been found that the dissolved fertilizers seem to be particularly suitable for glass crops. The reasons for this are fully flexible control, fine-tuning of salt concentrations and plant-specific nutrient requirements. As a "handicraft", the gardener takes into account as much as possible the optimal number of areas he knows for the optimal nutrient supply of the plants.

30 Nevertheless, in this discontinuous hand fertilizer technique, variations in nutrient intake cannot be ruled out. The more often post-fertilization occurs, the more laborious the methods.

Alternatively, expensive and sensitive equipment is used to apply the fertilizers. Operation and Maintenance 2,75846 is used, the polymerization reaction starts very abruptly as soon as the catalyst or catalyst system is directed to the fluidized bed reactor, causing local accelerations of the reaction in the fluidized bed and, on the other hand, decomposition of the catalyst solid particles. These local accelerations of the reaction cause heating and lead to the formation of normal agglomerates and solidification of the polymer within the fluidized bed.

It is also known to add a catalyst to a fluidized bed reactor in association with an inorganic granular support. This inorganic granular support usually consists of refractory oxides such as aluminum, quartz, aluminosilicate or magnesium. The catalyst is usually deposited or impregnated or precipitated on this granular support, which gives said catalyst specific properties which are advantageous for the fluidized bed polymerization process, in particular as regards the particle size of the catalyst, its wear resistance and functionality. More generally, it is also known that the decomposition of a catalyst on a support of this type is followed by an increase in the catalytic activity, especially at the beginning of the polymerization reaction. The problem associated with this excessive activity can then be partially solved by dispersing the catalyst in a sufficiently large amount of support. Unfortunately, polymers and copolymers prepared in this manner have relatively high levels of inorganic residues, which is detrimental to their properties.

It is also known to use highly active catalyst systems comprising magnesium and transition metal-based catalysts which can be prepared by reacting organomagnesium compounds with transition metal compounds or by grinding magnesium compounds and transition metal compounds. Taking into account 3 7631 6 separately, its delivery rate and delivery distribution will be used unlike any other and separated as controllable and the entire nutrient assortment will be used at the end of the growing season.

The problem is solved according to the invention with a fertilizer mixture, either containing all the nutrients needed for plant nutrition in one growing season in partially or completely coated form.

The fertilizer composition according to the invention is characterized in that it comprises (a) an uncoated initial fertilizer dose, (b) a drying oil-based permanent fertilizer dose and (c) a fixed-dose fertilizer first coated and / or water-soluble and / or water-soluble. then with a hydrophobic coating.

Particular applications of this fertilizer are that it contains carbon, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, iron-20, manganese, copper, zinc, chlorine, boron, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt as nutrients. and / or aluminum, suitably as compounds thereof; that the nutrients are coated with water-repellent substances selected from the group consisting of paraffins, waxes, metal soaps, quaternary ammonium compounds, urea derivatives, fatty acid-modified resins, silicones and / or perfluorinated organic compounds; that the water repellent is iron palmitate; that the nutrients are coated with sparingly water-soluble or water-permeable substances selected from the group consisting of polymers containing water-wettable groups; that the water-insoluble or water-swellable substances are polymers containing water-wettable groups; that the water-wettable groups are hydroxy-35, carboxyl, alkyl ester, cyano, chloro or 4 7631 6 fluorine groups; that the water-sparing or water-swellable substances are polyvinyl alcohols, preferably those having a residual acetyl content of 10%; that the nutrients are coated with sparingly water-soluble substances selected from the group consisting of inorganic compounds; that the sparingly water-soluble compound is iron phosphate or calcium phosphate; that the nutrients are coated with sparingly water-soluble or water-swellable substances consisting of a group of polymers containing water-contacting groups or a group of inorganic compounds, and water-repellent substances such as paraffins, waxes, metal soaps, quaternary ammonium compounds, quaternary ammonium compounds, a group of fatty acid modified resins, silicones and / or perfluorinated organic compounds; that the water-repellent substance covers the nutrients in a layer thickness of 10 m to 10 m, preferably 1 · 10 m to 2 · 10 m and that the water-sparing or water-swellable substance covers the nutrients 20 in a layer thickness of 10-6 m to 10-2 m, preferably 5 · 10- ^ m -2 · 10- ^ m.

With the fertilizer mixture according to the invention, the release of nutrients into the soil is programmed and slowed down, whereby the release of nutrients takes place depending on the respective developmental stage and / or need of the plants.

With the fertilizer mixture according to the invention, the desired release of nutrients can only be initiated after watering the growth medium-fertilizer mixtures.

Specific embodiments of this method are that the desired release of nutrients is initiated only after irrigation of the medium-fertilizer mixtures; that a single application of fertilizer at the beginning of the growth of the plants is sufficient for the current needs of the plant during one growing season; that the control is adapted to the nutrient requirements of the plants 5 7631 6 and / or the stage of development so as to avoid over-fertilization and / or unauthorized leaching losses; that fertilizers are used alone or in mixtures.

Surprisingly, the fertilizer according to the invention is able to provide every desired nutrient for the growth of the crop at any time in the concentration required by the plant at any given time.

The fertilizer according to the invention therefore has the particular advantage of providing initial fertilization, permanent fertilization and periodic fertilization in a single application as a programmed event.

Primary fertilization in this case means the application of a nutrient or nutrient mixture which, without further treatment, causes the initial development of the plant as far as the correct supply of all necessary nutrients is concerned, taking into account (utilizing) the tolerance of the crop salts.

Permanent fertilization means the use of a pre-treated nutrient or nutrient mixture that makes the nutrient-20 evenly available to the plant from the beginning of fertilization.

Periodic fertilization uses a pre-treated nutrient or nutrient mixture, respectively, which is only available to the plants at a later date.

There are several advantages associated with this programmed nutrient delivery that cannot be achieved with known fertilizers.

Thus, for example, fertilization can be carried out as required when the release of nutrients is adjusted to the peak and zero needs of the plants, which is not possible with any known fertilizer.

This makes it possible to satisfy the different nutrient requirements of the plants during the growing season in an optimal manner, preferably avoiding damage to the plants due to over-fertilization with high or unsatisfactory plant sensitivity, which would result from insufficient nutrient intake at peak times.

The controlled release of nutrients by means of the fertilizers according to the invention also offers the advantage that the production potential of the plants can be fully exploited even in climatic unfavorable conditions or in soils with low fertility.

10 In addition, the controlled release of nutrients by means of the fertilizer according to the invention makes it possible to satisfy the varying requirements of a given crop in terms of nutrients and their concentrations optimally with the total amount of fertilizer applied at sowing or planting, 15 times prone to risky, expensive and get off.

The controlled release of nutrients by the fertilizer according to the invention further opens up the possibility of adding fertilizers to the media long before their use, without having to take into account the high, already active salt concentrations at the start of use, as these are activated only during commissioning. salmon shock or salt damage, respectively.

Useful fertilizers for the purposes of the invention are: fertilizer powders - crystalline fertilizers 3U - granulated fertilizers - granulated coated fertilizers - fertilizer sticks - encapsulated fertilizer solutions and fertilizer suspensions, respectively.

35 The fertilizers mentioned may be: - as individual mineral fertilizers 7 76316 - as multi-mineral mineral fertilizers, - as organic-mineral fertilizers, - as organic fertilizers, - as micro-nutrients, 5 - as combinations of the above ingredients.

Fertilizers obtained by all pretreatments are included, such as fertilizers from which the release of plant nutrients has been slowed down, for example sparingly soluble salts, polymeric nutrient compounds and nutrients chemically or physically bound to natural and synthetic carriers.

The fertilizer according to the invention is prepared in a manner known per se, for example by taking the fertilizer whose nutrient release must be influenced according to the invention in a device suitable for the respective treatment, such as a rotary kiln or granulation plate or vortex layer device, and adding the treatment agent completely and sufficiently evenly at the desired layer thickness or the treatment agent is taken to a suitable device such as a rotary drum or granulation plate and a fertilizer is added whose nutrient release must be influenced according to the invention, so that the fertilizer is completely and evenly covered by the desired layer thickness.

As water-repellent and / or sparingly water-soluble or water-swellable substances, the following can be used in detail: paraffins, suitably those having a melting range of 40 to 250 ° C, preferably hard paraffin having a melting range of more than 5b ° C; waxes such as beeswax, whale fat, carnauba wax; metal soaps such as Mg, Ca, Fe, Fe, Cu, Zn, Mn, Zr or Al salts of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid or oleic acid, 8 7631 6 preferably Mg, Ca- , Fe, Al or Zr salts; quaternary ammonium compounds such as octadecyloxymethylpyridinium chloride or N-methyl-N-stearoylamidomethylenepyridinium chloride; fat-5 modified synthetic resins; such as condensates from a monododecyl urea-formaldehyde preconcentrate or hexamethylol melamine ethers modified with lauric acid, palmitic acid and / or stearic acid; urea derivatives such as octadecyl-po ethylene urea; melamiinijohdoksia; polysiloxanes such as hydrogen methylpolysiloxane and dimethylpolysiloxane; fluorocarbon polymers such as 1,1-dihydroperfluorooctyl polyacrylic acid esters; alginates such as potassium alginate-15; gelatin; casein; polysaccharides such as starch, cellulose, cellulose derivatives such as ethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose and mixtures thereof, pectins, xanthanes; polyvinyl alcohol; polyvinyl acetates; polyvinyl ether-2o; polyvinylpyrrolidones; poiyakryiaatteja; clay minerals such as bentonite, illite, atta-pulgite; metal oxides such as iron oxide dihydrate, magnesium oxide; metal phosphates such as calcium phosphate, iron phosphate; polyphosphate 25 such as Kurrols salt; metal silicates such as potassium water glass; preferably partially saponified polyvinyl acetates, iron oxide hydrates, calcium phosphate.

The coating layers are applied to the surface of the fertilizer - 8 - 2 - 6 30 in layer thicknesses of 10 m - 10 m, in particular 1 * 10 m - 2'1Q-3 m.

The treatment agents are applied to the surface as individual components as such, in solution or as an emulsion, and likewise combined into a multicomponent system.

The fertilizer according to the invention is preferably used in the form of a mixed granulate.

9 7631 6

Layered granules, compacted granules (splinters, pellets), natural crystals, etc. can be used as granulate skeleton.

Suitable chemical constituents are, as mentioned above, all chemical compounds having a fertilizer effect. These include, in particular, all known inorganic salts containing N-P-K and trace elements, metal chelates, trace elements otherwise organically linked, urea aldehyde condensates, urea phosphate, carbohydrates, proteins, peptides and amino acids.

With respect to the release properties, the division can be advantageously carried out as follows: 1. Compounds having a good rate of dissolution in water.

15 2. Compounds having a higher or lower dissolution rate due to their chemical nature, such as calcium magnesium phosphates, silicates, carbonates and urea aldehyde condensates.

3. Compounds whose solubility properties can be affected by physical treatment such as impregnation, immersion in a synthetic resin matrix and coating with synthetic resins.

Said physical methods can be applied to the granules of the individual compounds as well as to mixtures thereof. With these treatment options, it is possible to set a desired onset time and subsequent duration of action for each nutrient element relevant to plant nutrition.

The basic granules thus pretreated are finally combined into a final mixture, the fertilizing effect of which can be adjusted to suit the specific needs of a given culture or group of cultures, respectively. Thus, according to the invention, a "complete fertilizer" can be programmed for the first time so that it can be precisely matched to different nutrient needs at different stages of development.

The following examples illustrate the invention:

Example 1 5 Preparation of primary fertilizer

The ingredients of the primary fertilizer to be prepared (for example, preparation instructions 1, 2,3, 4) are mixed from a fine-crystalline to a powdery form (maximum grain size 1 mm) into a homogeneous mixture. This mixture is compacted between the 10 roll presses into flakes. The scales are chopped and fractionated. The starting fertilizer is obtained as a product fraction with a grain size of 1.5-4 mm.

table 1

Example composition for a primary fertilizer with a phospho-15 weight and whose nitrogen forms and nitrogen weight vary Ingredients,% Preparation instructions _1_2_3_4

Ammonium nitrate - 6.1 9.5 2U urea condensate - - - 36.9

Urine 5.0 to 3.3

Monoimonium phosphate 38, U 38.0 2u, 5

Diammonium phosphate 9.2 9.2 23.1 9.0 25 Potassium nitrate 10.0 10.0 13.0 12.0

Potassium sulphate 10.8 9.8 13.0 13.5

Magnesium phosphate 21.3 21.3 - 17.7

Magnesium sulphate 1.0 1.0 17.1 3.0

Trace elements 3.2 3.2 3.8 3.8 3q Excipients ________ 1.5_lj4 __-_ 0.8

Ratio 10-34-10-8 12-25-12-5 Ν_Ρ205 ~ Κ20-Μ9 ° 10-34-9-8 19-10-12-7 7631 6 li

Example 2

Manufacture of permanent fertilizers

The ingredients of the permanent fertilizer to be prepared (for example, Preparation Instructions 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10) are converted into a Kap-5 granular form as described in Example 1 or otherwise. The product fraction is treated in a vortex bed apparatus with a lacquer mixture based on drying oils dissolved in test gasoline until the rate of dissolution of the nutrients is reduced to the desired level.

10 Table 2

Esimerkkikoostumus'kestolannoitteiksi:

Nitrogen phosphate-caliber leveled with magnesium, nitrogen-potassium leveled, nitrogen-weighted, potassium-weighted, nitrogen-potassium leveled with phosphate, nitrogen-potassium leveled with magnesium

Ingredients,% Preparation instructions _5_6 7 8 9 10

Ammonium 2Q nitrate 34.0 45.0 79.3 10.0 45.0 -

Ammonium sulphate - 7.8 - 17.2 - -

Urine - - 44.4

Diammonium phosphate 26.0 - 10.0 - 25 Potassium nitrate - 35.0 20.7 22.8 26.5 32.6

Potassium sulphate 34.0 12.2 - 5U, 0 18.5 10.5

Magnesium sulfate 6.0 to 12.5

Ratio 22-0-22 10-0-35 25-0-20-4 30 N-P205-K20-Mg0 17-14-17-2 30-0-9 21-5-21

Example 3 Preparation of a reed fertilizer

The ingredients of the permanent fertilizer to be prepared (e.g. preparation instructions 11, 12, 13, 14 and 15) are coated as described in Examples 1 and 2 or in another way with a base coating. The granules thus pretreated are treated in a vortex bed or in a rotary drum with an aqueous granulation solution or suspension, the main constituents of which are water-soluble and / or water-swellable substances such as polyvinyl alcohols, surfactant, waxes, calcium and iron-10 soaps, fat-modified urea-formaldehyde condensates, siloxanes, etc. The quality and quantity of the coating is determined by the time at which uniform release of nutrients is required.

Table 3 15 Example Composition for Periodic Dosages: Nitrogen Phosphate-Potassium Leveled Containing Magnesium Nitrogen Weighted Containing Phosphate and Potassium, Nitrogen-Potassium Leveled; nitrogen-weighted, containing potassium and magnesium, potassium-weighted 20 Ingredients,% Preparation instructions _ 11_12_13_14_15

Arionium nitrate 30.1 55.6 45.0 - 24.7 Ammonium sulphate 3.8 11.7 - 4.3

Diammonium phosphate 3.2 9.0 25 Monoanonium phosphate 17.4 - -

Urine 5.5 to 65.4

Potassium sulphate 33.2 23.7 8.3 - 71.0

Potassium nitrate - - 46.7 22.0 30 Magnesium sulphate - - - 12.6

Magnesium phosphate 3.0

Magnesium oxide 3.8 - -_-_-

Ratio 14-13-16-4 22-0-25 10-U-35 H ~ P205K20-Mg0 23-5-12 33-0-10-4 35 13 ^ 6316

Example 4

Preparation of a culture-specific fertilizer mixture Fertilizers prepared separately according to Examples 1, 2 and 3 are mixed in a tank - for example Cattle mixer, rotary drum - in such a way as to avoid damage to the grain surfaces. The mixing time depends on the mixer and the ratios of the amounts of the individual ingredients. The mixing ratios of the individual components can be deduced from the correlation 10 between the need of the plants and the release curve. The variation of the release curves of the three specified fertilizer components is shown in Tables 4 and 5. In the example, the mixture components are selected as follows: A. Primary fertilizer: preparation instruction 4: 19-10-12-17 (2-4 mm) B. Permanent fertilizer: preparation instruction 9: 21-5-21 ( 2-4 mm) 15 94% + 6% coating with a varnish based on drying oils from a 50% co-petrol solution in a vortex layer.

C. Periodic fertilizer: preparation instruction 15: 10-0-35 (2-4 mm) 50% + 4% base coat, varnish based on drying oils from 50% test gasoline in a vortex layer, + 46% periodic coating from 45.5% a periodic shell of a 50% aqueous dispersion in a Rotary Drum; - composition: binder: 3 parts (sugar: PE wax 2: 1); 25 expander: 1.5 parts (cellulose ether: polyvinyl alcohol: starch in a ratio of 2: 1: 3); hydrophobizing agent: 1 part (Ca stearate) and filler: 1 part (silicic acid) and 0.5% finishing agent, dry Fe palmitate in a circulating drum.

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Example 5

Comparison between the fertilizer according to the invention and the fertilizer according to the prior art with potted chrysanthemums "Yellow Delaware" - Table 6 - and with pepper "Rumba" 5 - Table 7. Comparison of growing medium analyzes during the growing season as well as water assessment or yields, respectively

Prior art fertilizers were used:

Fertilizer A: 10 Long-term fertilizer weighted according to the nutrition of young plants, composition 20-10-15-4, with a long-term mechanism of action based on biodegradation.

Fertilizer B: 15 Long-term fertilizer weighted by a durability of 15-12-15, with a long-term mechanism based on membrane shells.

In comparison, a fertilizer according to the invention having the following composition C was tested: Long-term fertilizer consisting of 25% of the initial fertilizer according to Preparation 1, Preparation No. 4, 63% of the permanent fertilizer according to Example 2, Preparation No. 5, containing 10% shell material prepared in a circulating drum from a 50% solution of test coenzine and based on drying oils, for permanent fertilization for 100 days; 2% of the periodic fertilizer of Example 3, Preparation No. 15, preparation as described in Example 4, with maximum nutrient release after 44 days.

30 A total of 10% of coating material has been added.

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Claims (12)

1. Fertilizer mixture with long-term effect and programmed nutrient delivery, characterized in that it contains (a) a non-coated starter fertilizer dose, (b) a fertilizer dose, with a long-term effect coated with a base of drying oils, (c) a time-bound fertilizer dose, first coated with a water-soluble and / or water-swelling coating and then with a hydrophobic coating. 2. Fertilizer mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains as nutrition, koi, oxygen, hydrogen, nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, magnesium, calcium, sulfur, iron, manganese, copper, zinc, chlorine, boron, molybdenum, sodium, silicon, cobalt and / or aluminum, suitably as compounds thereof. 3. Fertilizer mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-repellent coating 20 is selected from the group consisting of paraffins, waxes, metal valves, quaternary ammonium compounds, urea derivatives, fatty acid modified resins, silicones and / or perfluorinated organic compounds. 4. Fertilizer mixture according to claim 3, characterized in that the water repellent coating is an iron palmitate. 5. Fertilizer mixture according to claim 1, characterized in that the water-soluble or water-swelling coating is selected from the group consisting of polymers containing water-wettable groups. Fertilizer mixture according to claim 5, characterized in that the water-wettable groups are hydroxyl, carboxyl, alkyl ester, cyano, chloro or fluorine groups.