FI64746C - REFERENCE TO A RESOLUTION FOR THE PREPARATION OF A MEDIUM I COMPONENT WITH AN OLIC PARTICLE MASSOR - Google Patents

Description

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A method and apparatus for separating a medium from components having different particle masses. - Förfarande och anordning för separering av ett medium i komplenter med olika partikelmassor.

This invention relates to a method and apparatus for separating a medium into components of different particle masses by centrifugal force in free vortex devices, e.g. cyclones, so that particles with a mass greater than of rotation.

The term "medium" as used herein is intended to include powdered and fibrous flowing solids, flowing liquids, liquid droplets and gases, and mixtures thereof. Accordingly, the term "particle" is intended to include solid particles, nes-20 droplets, liquid molecules, gas molecules, or gas atoms. The term "separation space" is intended to include various vortex chambers as well as flow tubes and flow spaces in which separation takes place by centrifugal force.

25 Various types of vortex separators are already known, e.g. cyclones in which the vortex is limited by cylindrical and conical surfaces. Generally, the vortex chamber is smooth and the wall of the chamber is continuous in the direction of the vortex flow. By placing such independently operating vortex separators 30 in parallel, e.g. multicyclones have been formed. An example of this is in U.S. Patent 3,747,306. In addition, vortex separators are known from several patents in which two vortices are tangentially connected to each other, allowing particles of a certain size to move tangentially from one vortex to another. A vortex system is also known in which the medium to be separated is fed tangentially between two vortices. An example of this is U.S. Patent 4,248,699.

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A disadvantage of the known vortex separators is that the centrifugal force pushes the vortex of the medium to be separated against the delimiting surfaces on the outside. In this case, the friction slows down the flow of the vortex and causes turbulence in the vicinity of the walls. Friction and the resulting turbulence cause significant energy losses. Due to the reduced rotational speed, the centrifugal force and with it the separation power are reduced. In addition, turbulence re-interferes with the separation that has already taken place. Known multicyclones require 10 plenty of space and have a large mass structure. Due to the friction losses, current vortex separators make it difficult to achieve the high vortex speeds required, for example, when separating gases from gas mixtures. Friction increases strongly as speed increases. Due to the braking caused by friction ai-15, the medium to be separated does not have time to remain in the rotational motion for a long time under effective separation.

The object of the present invention is to reduce said disadvantages and is achieved by the method according to the invention by bringing two or more parallel separating vortices in lateral pairing with one another so that the separating vortices collide with each other at an angle of 0 to 90 °. directions.

The devices for carrying out the method according to the invention are set out in the claims below.

The invention is illustrated by the following figures.

Figure 1 shows a vortex system according to the invention, in which parallel separating vortices are laterally connected to each other in pairs.

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Figure 2 shows a vortex system according to the invention, where the vortices are elliptical.

Figure 3 shows a side view of a 3,64746 cyclone system according to the invention.

Figure 4 shows a section along the line IV-IV in Figure 3.

Figure 5 shows an axial section of a cyclone system according to the invention.

Figure 6 shows a section along the line VI-VI in Figure 5.

Figure 7 shows an axonometric form of a flow divider.

Figure 8 shows another form of flow divider axonometrically.

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Figure 9 shows the cross-sectional variation of the flow divider in Figure 8.

Fig. 10 shows a section along the axis of rotation along the line X-X in Fig. 8.

Fig. 11 shows a side view of an arrangement of the tangential feed in Fig. 6.

Figure 12 shows a perspective view of a cyclone system according to the invention in which the vortices are conical.

Figure 13 shows axonometric flow dividers in a cyclonic system where the vortices are conical.

Figure 14 shows an axonometric view of a vortex system according to the invention, in which there are no walls between the different vortices.

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Figure 15 shows a section of a vortex chamber system according to the invention, in which several vortex chambers are circumferentially surrounded by one vortex chamber.

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Figure 16 shows an axonometric view of a cyclone system according to the invention, in which the medium is fed to the middle cyclone.

Figure 17 shows a cross-section of a centrifuge with a cyclone system according to the invention circumferentially around a center of rotation.

Fig. 18 shows an axial section along the line 10 XVIII-XVIII in Fig. 17.

Fig. 19 shows an axial sectional view of a cyclone system according to the invention, in which the vortices are conical and the walls between the vortices are substantially removed.

Figure 20 shows small flow dividers and vortices in their vicinity in principle.

Fig. 21 shows in principle vortices in the absence of a flow divider.

The main content of the present invention is to reduce the contact between the separating vortex and the surface delimiting it on the outer circumference, whereby the disadvantages caused by it are eliminated. To this end, part or all of the surface delimiting the vortex on the outer circumference is removed. The inwardly pushing support effect of the surface is compensated by causing two adjacent vortices to collide in a rotational motion, thereby pushing each other inwardly. Vortices that collide at a small angle do not generate turbulence and there is almost no friction between them if the rotational speeds are the same.

It is a further object of the invention to subject the fluid to be separated in a vortex to radial oscillation in the event of a collision. The radial oscillating motion promotes the separation of large particles of different masses. By placing the points of the collision at 64746 evenly spaced apart, a regular wave motion propagating substantially in the direction of rotation is created in the vortex, which brings the separable medium particles in the direction of rotation closer to each other alternately and further away from each other. The impact radially from the outer circumferential direction to the inner circumference is able to give light particles a higher velocity per center of rotation than heavy particles with a higher inertia force and also a higher centrifugal force.

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The following figures show by way of example some embodiments of the invention and illustrate the operation of the invention. In reality, a large number of different embodiments can be found for the invention. The shapes and dimensions of the devices according to the Kek-15 invention are selected according to the respective application. Experimental studies and theoretical studies can be used as an aid.

20 The names of the parts shown in the figures are 1. the surface delimiting the separation space on the outer circumferential side 2. the path of the separating vortex generally without vibration effect 10. the separation space where the particles of different masses separate 25 after 30 14. axial outlet tube for high mass particles after separation 39. flow divider to separate the different vortices 40. collision zone where the separating vortices collide with each other 47. 35 vortex chamber cover 48. axial feed tube 49. center of rotation of the separating vortex 6 64746 60. small flow divider 490. centrifuge rotation center

Figure 1 shows a vortex chamber system-5 system according to the invention, in which the individual vortex chambers are in parallel in a regular square grid. The vortex chambers, i.e. the separation spaces 10, are connected to each other from the side so that about half of the wall surface of the middle chambers is removed. At the removed wall surface, a collision area 40 is formed, where the vortices of the different chambers collide with each other. In the case shown in the figure, there are 4x4 vortices, but an arbitrary number of vortices 2 can be used in the vortex chamber system, which are connected in pairs laterally to each other. Between the vortices 15, in the example of Figure 1, there are flow dividers 39 with a cross-section of 4, the size of which can vary. The shape of the flow dividers 39 may also vary. For example, the undulating shape promotes vibration.

Figure 2 shows a vortex system according to the invention, in which the individual vortices 2 are elliptical in order to enhance the radial impulses. In the case of Figure 2, the longest diagonals of the ellipses are perpendicular to each other. Alternatively, the longest diagonals of the ellipse can be made parallel. The vortex system according to the invention can also be provided with vortices of other shapes, e.g. those resembling a rounded triangle, resembling a rounded square, etc.

The side view shown in Figure 3 shows a cyclone system according to the invention with 4 x 4 cyclones combined into a cyclone system. The figure does not show cyclone feeders. The feed of the medium to be separated can take place in the cyclones axially or tangentially.

In the case shown in Figure 3, the separated fractions are removed in the axial direction, but tangential removal arrangements are also possible.

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In the sectional drawing of the cyclone system shown in Figure 4, it is seen that the individual vortex chambers 10 are of the same size. It is advantageous that the impact forces in the different vortices become equal. The flow dividers 5 39 in this case are formed of four smooth parts of the cylinder surface.

The section shown in Figure 5 shows the tangential feeds 12 of a cyclone system located between 10 different vortices 2.

Figure 6 shows the corresponding tagential feeds 12 from above.

Figure 7 shows a flow divider 39 in which the flow directions of the vortices 2 have trough-like grooves and sharp ridges between them. With such a shape, the shape of the axial section of the vortex 2 can be changed at different stages of the rotational movement. In the collision-20 region of the different vortices 2, the interface of the vortices is a plane, i.e. the axial section of the vortex 2 is rectilinear. As the particles travel to the vortex divider 39 shown in Figure 7, the particles also have to move partially in the axial direction. In this case, the particles of different masses can more easily pass past each other in the desired separation directions.

The cross-sectional shape of the flow divider can also be, for example, a circle or an ellipse.

In the type of flow divider 39 30 shown in Figures 8, 9 and 10, the axial section is undulating. Between the undulating ridges there are recesses into which the vortices 2 are forced. The regular shaping of the vortex 2 in the axial and radial directions promotes separation.

Fig. 11 shows a detail of an arrangement of the tangential feed 12 in the case according to Figs. 5 and 6.

Figures 12 and 13 show an arrangement of conical vortex chambers β 64746. The width of the collision area 40 can be selected to the desired size. The flow dividers 39 may be smooth conical surfaces or they may be made corrugated in the direction of travel of the vortex 2 or grooved in the axial direction.

Figure 14 shows an embodiment of the invention in which the walls between the different vortices 2 have been completely removed. The vortices 2 are generated and maintained by tangential feeds 10 which take place in the directions indicated by the arrows between the vortices 2. The different vortices 2 rotate at the same speeds and in the same magnitude and support laterally to each other. The lateral friction between the vortices 2 is very small. In the case of Figure 14, the centers of rotation 49 are parallel to 15. The feed can also be arranged axially.

Figure 15 shows a vortex system according to the invention, in which there are several smaller vortices 2 around one large vortex 2. In the collision area 40, the tangential velocities of the large and small vortices 2 are equal, whereby the angular velocities of the small vortices 2 are higher. The centrifugal force of the small vortices 2 is reduced by a thinner rotating mass compared to the large vortex 2, but the centrifugal force of the small vortices is increased by a smaller radius compared to the large vortex 2. Then the vortices 2 of different sizes are in balance due to the centrifugal forces. In the example of Fig. 15, the particulate mass of the large vortex 2 is subjected to the impact of 18 impacts during one revolution. In Fig. 15, the collision areas 40 located in the outer parts of the large vortex 2 are made in the tangential direction as long as the sections between the collision points 40. In this case, the large vortex 2 is subjected to regular wave motion.

Figure 16 shows a cyclone-35 system according to the invention, in which the cyclones are staggered in the axial direction. The medium to be separated is fed to the uppermost central cyclone, from where particles can be partially transferred from the sides to the downstream cyclones via collision areas 40. A fraction enriched in the upper part of the vortex chamber 10 for high-mass particles is transferred to the lower cyclones. High-mass particles are most enriched in the cyclones at the bottom of the cyclone chain, the lowest in the axial direction. Cyclones located at different levels in the axial direction give high and low mass fractions of different degrees of enrichment from the outlets 13; 14. Some of these can be re-introduced into the middle svclone from the feed-10 tube 12 to achieve efficient enrichment. By controlling the outlets 13 of the cyclones at different levels; 14 quantities and pressures can be controlled for the particle composition of different cyclones. Correspondingly, cyclone systems can be formed in which there are 3, 4, 5, etc. cyclones around the middle cyclone at regular intervals and other cyclones as extensions thereof.

Figure 17 shows a cyclone system according to the invention placed in a centrifuge circumferentially around a center of rotation 490. The rotational motion of the centrifuge combined with the vortex motions of the cyclones causes an oscillating motion in the vortices of the cyclones which promotes separation. The vibration is also increased by the collision of adjacent vortices.

Figure 18 shows an axial section of the centrifuge.

The angle between the rotation centers 49 of the cyclones and the rotation center 490 of the centrifuge may vary according to the conicity or cylindricality of the cyclones and the length of the desired impact area 40.

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Fig. 19 shows the symmetrical position of the centers of rotation 49 of the conical vortices 2 with respect to each other in an axial section when the walls between the different vortices 2 have been removed from the upper parts of the vortices 2. The axial section of the vortex system 35 in the perpendicular direction may be similar. In this case, the position of the centers of rotation 49 in the square network is measured along the spherical surface 47.

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Fig. 20 shows a case where two small flow dividers 60 are arranged between the four vortices 2 instead of one large flow divider 49. In this case, the abrasion surface delimiting the vortices 2 remains smaller. Counter-vortices are formed between the small flow dividers 60 of the vortices 2 and 5, which support the separating vortices 2 in the lateral direction.

Fig. 21 shows the counter-vortices formed between the separating vortices 2 in the case where the flow dividers 10 39; 60 is not at all. The different vortices form in a natural way and reach an internal balance. In reality, vortices can form a very complex whole.

Claims (16)

1. A method for separating a medium into components of different particle masses using the centrifugal force of devices operating in a free vortex flow, e.g. in cyclones, i.e., particles of greater mass are enriched during the rotational motion in the outer portions of the separating vortex (2) and particles of less mass are enriched in those portions of the separating vortex 10 (2) which are closer to the center of rotation (49), characterized in that two or more parallel separating swirls (2) are brought in pairs in the lateral direction between themselves, so that the separating swirls (2) collide with each other at an 0 - 90 ° angle as they rotate in opposite directions. 2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel separating swirls (2) form a swirl system, the centers of rotation (49) forming a regular grid viewed in axial direction. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the parallel separating swirls (2) form a swirling system, in which around a separating swirl (2) there are annularly several other separating swirls (2). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the parallel separating swirls (2) form a swirl system, in which the rotation centers (49) of the separating swirls 30 (2) are symmetrically in relation to some center of rotation (49). Apparatus for realizing the method according to any of claims 1-4, characterized in that the swirl chambers (10) of the parallel swirl separators are in pairs partially in one another and form collision areas (40), where the colliding parallel swirls (2) rotates in opposite directions. 6. Swirl separator according to claim 5, characterized in that the feeding (12) of the separable medium takes place between the swirl chambers (10) to the collision area (40). The vortex separator according to claim 5, characterized in that the vortex chambers (10) are parallel to a regular grid. 8. A vortex separator according to claim 5, characterized in that about one vortex chamber (10) is annular. second vortex chambers (10). 9. Swirl separator according to any of claims 1-7, characterized in that the chamber walls (1) between the parallel swirl chambers (10) have been removed. 10. A vortex separator according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that between four parallel vortex chambers (10) there is a four-branch flow distributor (39). 11. A vortex separator according to any one of claims 5-7, characterized in that there are two small flow distributors (60) between four parallel vortex chambers (10). 12. A vortex separator according to any one of claims 5 to 7 characterized in that between four parallel vortex chambers (10) there is a cross-sectional flow distributor (39). The vortex separator according to any of claims 10 - 12, 35, characterized in that the flow distributor (39) is grooved in the direction of movement of the separating vortex (2).