EP3865281B1 - Stereolithography device - Google Patents

Stereolithography device Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP3865281B1
EP3865281B1 EP20157407.6A EP20157407A EP3865281B1 EP 3865281 B1 EP3865281 B1 EP 3865281B1 EP 20157407 A EP20157407 A EP 20157407A EP 3865281 B1 EP3865281 B1 EP 3865281B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
movement
transverse
transverse movement
release
film
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP20157407.6A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP3865281A1 (en
Inventor
Lorenz Josef BONDERER
Jörg EBERT
Theresa Sujata Maria Senti
Rudolf Jussel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Ivoclar Vivadent AG
Original Assignee
Ivoclar Vivadent AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Ivoclar Vivadent AG filed Critical Ivoclar Vivadent AG
Priority to EP20157407.6A priority Critical patent/EP3865281B1/en
Priority to US17/167,207 priority patent/US11718039B2/en
Priority to CN202110183912.7A priority patent/CN113263722A/en
Priority to JP2021021353A priority patent/JP7324238B2/en
Publication of EP3865281A1 publication Critical patent/EP3865281A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3865281B1 publication Critical patent/EP3865281B1/en
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Images

Classifications

    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • B29C64/129Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask
    • B29C64/135Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified characterised by the energy source therefor, e.g. by global irradiation combined with a mask the energy source being concentrated, e.g. scanning lasers or focused light sources
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/30Auxiliary operations or equipment
    • B29C64/386Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/393Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/10Processes of additive manufacturing
    • B29C64/106Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material
    • B29C64/124Processes of additive manufacturing using only liquids or viscous materials, e.g. depositing a continuous bead of viscous material using layers of liquid which are selectively solidified
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/227Driving means
    • B29C64/236Driving means for motion in a direction within the plane of a layer
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/255Enclosures for the building material, e.g. powder containers
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B29WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
    • B29CSHAPING OR JOINING OF PLASTICS; SHAPING OF MATERIAL IN A PLASTIC STATE, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; AFTER-TREATMENT OF THE SHAPED PRODUCTS, e.g. REPAIRING
    • B29C64/00Additive manufacturing, i.e. manufacturing of three-dimensional [3D] objects by additive deposition, additive agglomeration or additive layering, e.g. by 3D printing, stereolithography or selective laser sintering
    • B29C64/20Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • B29C64/264Arrangements for irradiation
    • B29C64/268Arrangements for irradiation using laser beams; using electron beams [EB]
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y10/00Processes of additive manufacturing
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y30/00Apparatus for additive manufacturing; Details thereof or accessories therefor
    • BPERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B33ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TECHNOLOGY
    • B33YADDITIVE MANUFACTURING, i.e. MANUFACTURING OF THREE-DIMENSIONAL [3-D] OBJECTS BY ADDITIVE DEPOSITION, ADDITIVE AGGLOMERATION OR ADDITIVE LAYERING, e.g. BY 3-D PRINTING, STEREOLITHOGRAPHY OR SELECTIVE LASER SINTERING
    • B33Y50/00Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing
    • B33Y50/02Data acquisition or data processing for additive manufacturing for controlling or regulating additive manufacturing processes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a stereolithography device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a stereolithography device according to the preamble of claim 12.
  • stereolithography devices have been known for a long time. An example of this is from the DE 41 25 534 A1 known solution.
  • the structure to be produced is built up in layers with printing material and hardened by irradiation through a glass plate. Once the layer has hardened, the distance between the glass plate and the construction platform must be increased in order to detach a foil from the attached structure.
  • the build platform is placed in a trough of print material and lowered to cause release from the foil.
  • an additional shearing effect should be generated, i.e. a lateral movement of the construction platform, in addition to the lowering movement.
  • U.S. 2017/297264 A1 discloses a stereolithography apparatus and a method of operating a stereolithography apparatus according to the preamble of independent claims 1 and 12.
  • stereolithography devices were also used in which the construction platform moves downward during detachment and is then arranged in the trough filled with printing material.
  • a transparent plate is used, to which a layer is applied to which the printing material should not adhere, even when solidified.
  • the stereolithography device has a trough with a transparent film.
  • the elastic film is connected to the edge of the tub and is held clamped there. In a relaxed state, it lies on the bottom of the tub. This is formed by a glass plate.
  • the construction platform can be inserted into the tub from above.
  • the trough is filled with substrate and the build platform is immersed in the substrate.
  • a control device which controls the movements of the construction platform.
  • an essentially vertical movement is controlled, which includes an infeed movement, i.e. a movement from top to bottom, and a release movement, i.e. a movement from bottom to top, for detaching a structure produced from a film which is in the bottom of the tub is held.
  • a transverse movement which is designed as a movement of the trough, which has alternating directions of movement, the transverse movement running at an angle between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative to the release movement, the angle between the transverse and release movements deviating from 90 degrees.
  • the release movement is followed by a lifting movement in which the construction platform and the structure that has already been partially created there is free of contact with the foil and in which the construction platform is moved further upwards.
  • the movements mentioned are to be understood as relative movements.
  • the transverse movement thus runs transversely relative to the infeed and release movements.
  • the build platform is moved substantially vertically and the tray at an angle of between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative thereto, with the angle between the transverse and release movements deviating from 90 degrees.
  • a kinematic reversal which does not fall under the claimed invention, is in principle also possible.
  • the trough is filled with free-flowing printing material, and in a manner known per se the printing material is exposed from below through a glass plate in the bottom area of the trough and through the transparent film at the points where the structure is to be formed.
  • the structure is formed in layers, in so-called slices.
  • Each layer may be, for example, 0.02 to 0.15 mm thick, or 0.08 mm, for example.
  • Each layer is created by light-curing the print material by exposing it to a strong light source at the appropriate locations to be exposed. The exposure solidifies the print material in the desired location while the print material is in contact with the foil and the previous layer - or the build platform, if applicable.
  • the building platform with the already completed structure has to be raised so that further flowable printing material can get onto the foil and the next layer can be created by light curing.
  • the film is elastic so that it can take account of tensions that occur. Due to surface effects, it adheres to the just hardened layer.
  • the release movement therefore has a level that significantly exceeds the layer thickness.
  • the build platform can be raised by at least 5mm to ensure new print material flows onto the foil.
  • the essentially vertical release movement of the construction platform is a transverse movement at an angle of between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative to the release movement, the angle between the transverse and the release movement deviating from 90 degrees. superimposed and combined.
  • the transverse movement is designed with alternating directions of movement, which particularly preferably go back and forth and are in particular periodic.
  • the reciprocating movement results in a significantly improved detachment effect and thus less stress on the film. This can therefore either be thinner, which enables more precise structures, or the durability of the film is significantly improved.
  • Lowering movement here means the movement of the construction platform during lowering, while infeed movement means the movement of this up to a target position. In this target position, the distance between the structure and the top of the film is 1 layer thickness, e.g. 0.08 mm, so that the next layer can be exposed.
  • a kind of rocking movement as a transverse movement is particularly favorable. This makes it possible—insofar as it goes beyond a purely translational movement—to combine the sideways movement with an upward or downward movement.
  • the film In a manner known per se, the film is made of a highly elastic material. When relaxed, it springs back and can be stretched to a great extent without tearing.
  • the teaching according to the invention now enables transverse movements of the film in two directions, which apparently greatly support detachment.
  • the reciprocating movement causes shearing movements relative to the structure, viewed microscopically, and in this respect also a shearing movement when the foil relaxes. This also apparently supports the detachment.
  • a transverse movement associated with the shearing stress also includes a movement that reduces or eliminates the shearing stress.
  • the movement speed can be adapted to the requirements in a wide range. It is also possible to adapt the transverse movement deflection and the other movement parameters to the structure to be produced at the point in question. In the case of larger structures, ie structures in which there is a larger contact area between the film and the structure, the number of transverse movements can be increased and/or the frequency of the transverse movements can be increased.
  • very small deflections can also be sufficient, for example even just a forward-transverse movement and a back-transverse movement.
  • the separation between them is caused by the alternating load at the predetermined breaking point, namely at the interface between the film and the structure.
  • the transverse movement begins with the release movement.
  • the transverse movement may begin before or after the release movement, for example at an interval of 0.5 seconds. 1 sec or 2 sec. or up to 5 sec. for larger structures.
  • a plurality of transverse movements are preferably superimposed on the release movement. This can be, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4 or even 10 or even 20 transverse movements.
  • the amplitude of the transverse movement can also be adapted to the requirements over a wide range and can be around 5 mm, for example.
  • the release movement ie the vertical movement of the construction platform relative to the glass plate of the tub, is preferably followed by a lifting movement.
  • a lifting movement During the release movement there is still at least minimal contact between the film and the structure, while thereafter, i.e. during the lifting movement, there is no longer any contact.
  • the control device controls all movements, ie lifting movement, release movement and the transverse movements. It also has suitable sensors to be able to regulate the movements.
  • the control device also controls the speed of the movements, namely the transverse movements and the release movement, particularly precisely, for example depending on the material used in the structure, the size of the structure and the material and type of film.
  • the lifting movement is largely independent of the material and can, for example, take place at maximum speed, also controlled from the control device. This applies in particular to the time after the separation.
  • a forward transverse movement is superimposed on a release movement and the backward transverse movement takes place outside the time of the release movement.
  • control device controls the movements in such a way that each transverse movement ends before the release movement is completed.
  • control device can be adapted to the requirements within wide ranges. Details on this can be found in dependent claims 6, 7, 9 and 10, for example.
  • a linear motor or a stepper motor with a toothed rack is preferably provided for the vertical movement, i.e. the release movement and the lifting movement, and for the transverse movement either such a linear drive with the two options shown for the vertical drive or, for convenience, a motor connected to a crank drive.
  • a sinusoidal movement is realized as a transverse movement by the crank drive. According to the invention, it is provided that the movements take place between the construction platform on the one hand and the trough on the other hand.
  • the construction platform carries the structure, and the foil is clamped to the tub.
  • FIG. 1 shows a stereolithography device 10 which is not according to the invention and which in principle has a construction which is known per se.
  • a trough 12 is provided, into which a construction platform 14 can be lowered and immersed.
  • the construction platform 14 carries a construction board 16 at its lower end.
  • the trough 12 is filled with printing material 18 .
  • the building board 16 can be lowered into the bath of printing material 18 .
  • the trough 12 has a glass plate 20 on its underside.
  • the glass plate 20 extends below a foil 22 which forms the bottom of the trough 12. either on the entire underside or at least on a large, preferably central part of the underside of the tub 12 and is transparent.
  • the glass plate 20 is covered with the elastic and transparent, ie translucent film 22 .
  • the film 22 is held clamped all around.
  • a frame is provided for this purpose, which also serves to fix the edge of the film 22 to the trough 12 in a manner known per se.
  • the foil 22 is elastic and consists of a transparent elastomer or another suitable material.
  • the light source 24 which radiates upwards, ie towards the glass plate 20 .
  • the light source 24 can be a laser beam, for example, and a two-dimensionally movable deflection device can be provided, which is not shown and which directs the laser beam to the desired location on the glass plate 20 .
  • the print material 18 is flowable and light-curable so that it hardens where it is exposed to light from the light source 24 .
  • a light source 24 radiating over the entire surface with an exposure control device. This is on the bottom of the glass plate 20 and has pixels that can each be operated separately controllably in black or transparent.
  • the exposure takes place via a DMD, which is installed on the light source, and the light radiation emerging there is projected onto the focal plane directly or via deflection mirrors and optical elements in the light path.
  • a layer of printing material 18 can be exposed in one go according to the desired pixel arrangement and thus cured.
  • the construction platform 14 is lowered very far.
  • the building board 16 extends with its underside at a height of 0.08 mm above the film 22.
  • the first layer is now exposed.
  • Such a layer is created with an appropriately selected layer thickness, such as 0.08 mm, and is also referred to as a slice.
  • the film 22 must be detached from the hardened printing material 18, which is now present as structure 26, from the structure 26 and the construction platform 14 must be raised so that new printing material 18 completely covers the film 22 and the next layer can be created.
  • Structure 26 is in 1 shown schematically.
  • any other layers are also possible, for example layer thicknesses between 0.03 mm and 0.8 mm or even more.
  • a lifting device 28 is provided for the vertical movement of the construction platform 14, which is connected to the construction panel 16 and the structure 26 adhering there below. Even if the lifting device 28, which is 1 is shown schematically, is designed for a vertical movement, it goes without saying that instead of this, a slightly oblique movement in relation to the vertical should also be included in the wording "vertical", for example one that is +/- 20° from the vertical.
  • the vertical movement consists of a vertical release movement 32, during which the film 22 detaches from the structure 26, and a lifting movement 50 which follows upwards. During the lifting movement 50, the printing material 18 can flow better into the area below the structure 26.
  • transverse drive 30 to be implemented in addition to the lifting device 28 .
  • the transverse drive 30 generates transverse movements.
  • the transverse movements 34 do not extend perpendicularly to the release movement 32 according to the invention. According to the invention, the transverse movement 34 extends at an angle between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative to the release movement 32, with the angle between the transverse and release movements deviating from 90 degrees.
  • the release movement 32 is vertical and the transverse movement 34 is horizontal. In this respect, both movements run at an angle of 90° to one another. According to the invention, the transverse movement 34 runs at an angle between 60 degrees and 120 degrees or 80° and 100° relative to the release movement 32, the angle between the transverse and the release movement deviating from 90 degrees.
  • the vertical axis is typically referred to as the Z-axis, so the vertical movement, which includes the release movement 32, can be viewed as Z-direction movement.
  • the horizontal direction in the plane of the drawing is typically referred to as the X-direction, ie the corresponding movement as a movement in the X-direction.
  • the 3rd spatial axis according to these two directions in the drawing 1 runs obliquely backwards, then the Y-direction is 36, ie the movement in the direction of the Y-axis.
  • the transverse movement 34 is shown as running in the direction of the X-axis. However, it is just as possible and not according to the invention to implement a transverse movement 34 in the Y-direction 36, or a mixed form, i.e. the transverse movement 34 as a movement with a movement component in the X-direction and a movement component in the Y-direction 36.
  • the transverse movement 34 is implemented in such a way that it has changing directions of movement. This means that if, in a first step, a first transverse movement 54 runs in one direction, a second transverse movement 56 runs in another, deviating direction.
  • the second traverse movement 56 can differ from the first traverse movement 54 by any angle that is consistent with the invention so long as it is between 60° and 120° relative to the release movement and is not 90°.
  • the third transverse movement 58 in turn has a direction of movement that differs from the second transverse movement 56 .
  • the direction of first traverse 54 and third traverse 58 may differ from one another and is consistent with the invention so long as the angle of the direction is between 60° and 120° relative to the release movement and is not 90°. but it can also be the same.
  • the transverse movement 34 is a reciprocating movement.
  • the transverse drive 30, which in 1 is shown schematically, can then be designed as a crank drive with a crank 40.
  • the crank 40 is driven in a manner known per se by a crank wheel 42 so that a sinusoidal transverse movement 34 results, provided that the crank wheel 42 is driven at a constant speed.
  • 34 are any other forms of movement possible.
  • the Transverse drive 30 may be designed as a linear drive.
  • the linear drive can be implemented in two dimensions, i.e. in the X direction and in the Y direction 36.
  • Such a drive can be implemented, for example, with a rack and a gear. Viewed over the location, the movement can then be quadratic, for example.
  • the transverse movement 34 can also have any other shape in the X/Y plane.
  • a triangular shape or another polygonal shape can also be implemented, or a polygon with rounded corners.
  • An elliptical shape of the transverse movement 34 is also possible. This can be realized, for example, with two mutually perpendicular crank drives, of which one crank 40 has a smaller deflection and the other a greater deflection.
  • the transverse movement 34 does not take place on one side, but on two or more sides. Only then does the effect of the detachment of the structure 26 from the film 22 result.
  • the first separation ie the beginning of the detachment, takes place depends greatly on the circumstances of the individual case; it can, for example, already take place at the beginning of the first movement, or after several back and forth movements.
  • the transverse movement 34 can also be a kind of rocking movement, ie a movement in which it also has a vertical component dependent on the deflection.
  • a control device 46 controls the lifting device 28 and the transverse drive 30, thus the release movement and the transverse movements, but also the exposure via the light source 24 and thus the entire stereolithography device 10.
  • a simple example of a transverse movement 34 according to the invention is shown in 2 shown.
  • the vertical movement or Lifting movement shown which is composed of a release movement 32 and a lifting movement 50.
  • the time period discussed here includes the time between 2 exposures.
  • the first exposure is labeled time segment I and ends at 3954 sec.
  • the second period II is the release movement 32 and the lifting movement 50.
  • the releasing movement 32 ends at about 3957.5 seconds and the lifting movement 50 lasts between time 3957.5 seconds. and the time 3961 sec.
  • time segment III which shows the lowering movement 52 . This lasts from 3961 to 3966 seconds. This is followed by a further exposure step, optionally after a rest period.
  • the first exposure in time segment I takes place at a Z position of significantly less than 16 mm
  • the second exposure II after the lowering movement 52 or the infeed movement takes place at a Z position of just slightly less than 16 mm.
  • the difference corresponds to one layer thickness and is about 0.08 mm.
  • the transverse motion 34 of the present invention is plotted below the graph and is a reciprocating motion.
  • the traverse 34 starts at 3954 sec. It starts with a first transverse movement 54 in the first rising branch of the sine curve shown.
  • the first transverse movement 54 is followed by a second transverse movement 56 opposite thereto, which goes beyond the zero crossing 62 of the transverse movement 34 and has a deflection in the negative direction, corresponding to the course of a sine wave.
  • transverse movement 58 which in turn starts from the negative deflection and the zero crossing 62 of the transverse movement 34 and then reaches the same maximum value in the positive direction as the first transverse movement 54.
  • seven changes in the direction of movement are provided during the release movement 32 .
  • the detachment speed ie the speed of the release movement 32 in the Z direction
  • the film 22 has only very little contact with the structure 26, so that there are low holding forces.
  • the transverse movement 34 has an essentially trapezoidal course.
  • a short intermediate stop 60 is built in between each of the individual transverse movements 34 , which serves to relax the film 22 .
  • the intermediate supports 60 are each provided in the maximum deflected state, so that in this state the foil 22 is held under tension and detaches itself.
  • transverse movement 34 can be accelerated in the area of the zero crossing 62 and slowed down at maximum deflection 64 and 66, similar to that in 3 shown sinusoidal movement, but also in any other form.
  • the construction platform 14 has a vertical drive and the trough 12 has a horizontal drive. Accordingly, the transverse movement 34 is performed by the trough 12, and the vertical movement, i.e. the release movement, for example, by the construction platform 14.
  • the construction panel 16 of the construction platform 14 carries the already completed structure 26.
  • the film 22 is connected to the trough 12 at the edges on a frame 70 and, in the relaxed state, lies on the glass plate 20 which forms the bottom of the trough 12 .
  • the film 22 is under slight tension as a result of being fixed to the frame 70 .
  • a transverse movement 34 is superimposed on it.
  • the moment of the completed transverse movement 54 is shown.
  • the trough 12 is shifted to the left in relation to the illustration in FIG 4 .
  • the film 22 still adheres to the structure 26 in its middle region 72.
  • the left-hand region 74 of the film 22 is placed under tension, while the right-hand region 76 becomes limp.
  • the tension in region 74 causes the left-most portion of central region 72 to be stretched.
  • the structure 26, on the other hand, is significantly less elastic than the foil 22. This leads to a micro-displacement of parts of the foil 22 at this point, which in 4 is shown at 78 . This microstretching or relative movement in the transverse direction leads to the start of detachment.
  • the angle in question can be between 0.1 and 20°, for example, and is 3° in the example.
  • Out figure 5 1 is a schematic view of the device not according to the invention shortly after detaching the film from the structure.
  • the film 22 has just released from the structure 26 at the point in time under consideration and is about to move towards the relaxed state on the glass plate 20 .
  • the contact area of the film 22 with the structure 26 (cf. 4 ) offset to the left.
  • the transverse movement 34 runs at a slightly oblique angle 82 of approximately 80 degrees to the release movement 32.
  • construction platform 14 and the trough 12 are orthogonal to one another.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Toxicology (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1, sowie ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung, gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 12. Derartige Stereolithographie-Vorrichtungen sind seit längerem bekannt. Ein Beispiel hierfür ist die aus der DE 41 25 534 A1 bekannte Lösung. In an sich bekannter Weise wird die zu erzeugende Struktur schichtweise mit Druckmaterial aufgebaut und durch Bestrahlung durch eine Glasplatte gehärtet. Wenn die Durchhärtung der Schicht erfolgt ist, muss der Abstand zwischen Glasplatte und Bauplattform vergrößert werden, um eine dazwischen befindliche Folie von der befestigten Struktur abzulösen.The invention relates to a stereolithography device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a stereolithography device according to the preamble of claim 12. Such stereolithography devices have been known for a long time. An example of this is from the DE 41 25 534 A1 known solution. In a manner known per se, the structure to be produced is built up in layers with printing material and hardened by irradiation through a glass plate. Once the layer has hardened, the distance between the glass plate and the construction platform must be increased in order to detach a foil from the attached structure.

Bei der genannten Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung gemäß der DE 41 25 534 A1 ist die Bauplattform in einer Wanne mit Druckmaterial angeordnet und wird abgesenkt, um ein Lösen von der Folie zu bewirken.In said stereolithography device according to DE 41 25 534 A1 the build platform is placed in a trough of print material and lowered to cause release from the foil.

Um das Lösen zu erleichtern, soll eine zusätzliche Scherwirkung erzeugt werden, also eine seitliche Bewegung der Bauplattform, zusätzlich zu der Absenkbewegung.In order to facilitate loosening, an additional shearing effect should be generated, i.e. a lateral movement of the construction platform, in addition to the lowering movement.

Diese soll durch eine Rotationsvorrichtung erzeugt werden, die die gesamte Bauplattform um eine vertikale Achse dreht.This is to be generated by a rotation device that rotates the entire construction platform around a vertical axis.

Diese Lösung hat sich nicht durchgesetzt, da sich bei der praktischen Realisierung zeigte, dass die dortige Folie zu großen Spannungen ausgesetzt war und dementsprechend gerissen ist.This solution did not catch on, as practical implementation showed that the film there was subjected to excessive stress and accordingly tore.

Dieses Konzept wurde daher lange Zeit nicht weiterverfolgt.This concept was therefore not pursued for a long time.

US 2017/297264 A1 offenbart eine Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff der unabhängigen Ansprüche 1 und 12. U.S. 2017/297264 A1 discloses a stereolithography apparatus and a method of operating a stereolithography apparatus according to the preamble of independent claims 1 and 12.

Auch in der Folge wurden Stereolithographie-Vorrichtungen verwendet, bei denen die Bauplattform sich beim Ablösen sich nach unten bewegt und dann insofern in der mit Druckmaterial gefüllten Wanne angeordnet ist. Beispielsweise wurde gemäß der DE 199 29 199 A1 eine transparente Platte verwendet, an der eine Schicht aufgebracht ist, an der das Druckmaterial auch in verfestigter Form nicht anhaften sollte.As a result, stereolithography devices were also used in which the construction platform moves downward during detachment and is then arranged in the trough filled with printing material. For example, according to DE 199 29 199 A1 a transparent plate is used, to which a layer is applied to which the printing material should not adhere, even when solidified.

Ablöseprobleme bestanden und bestehen jedoch nach wie vor.Detachment problems existed and still exist, however.

Um solchen zu begegnen, ist sogar eine komplizierte Trennkraftsteuerung vorgeschlagen worden, bei welcher die Spannung in der Folie aufwändig gemessen werden soll, um ein Reißen der Folie zu vermeiden.In order to counteract such, a complicated release force control has even been proposed, in which the tension in the film is to be measured in a laborious manner in order to avoid the film tearing.

Diese bekannten Lösungen hatten jedoch den Nachteil, dass sie entweder ein ausgesprochen langsames Ablösen erforderten oder punktuell zu Überlastungen der Folie führen, die zumindest deren Lebensdauer beeinträchtigten.However, these known solutions had the disadvantage that they either required extremely slow detachment or caused the film to be overloaded at certain points, which at least impaired its service life.

Selbst wenn die Ablösezeit pro Schicht nur 10 sek. beträgt, ist die erforderliche Prozesszeit im Hinblick auf die beispielsweise 1000 Schichten, aus denen eine Struktur beispielsweise erzeugt werden kann, beträchtlich.Even if the release time per layer is only 10 seconds. is, the process time required is considerable in view of the 1000 layers, for example, from which a structure can be produced, for example.

Trotz der Verwendung von besonders reißfesten Folien kam es bei schnelleren Ablöseprozessen immer wieder zum Reißen.Despite the use of particularly tear-resistant films, tears repeatedly occurred during faster detachment processes.

Der Festigkeit der Folie sind andererseits Grenzen gesetzt, da sie zum einen transparent sein muss, um die Belichtung der zu belichtenden Stellen der Struktur zu ermöglichen und andererseits nicht zu dick sein sollte, da eine präzise und flache Anlage an der Glasplatte für die Genauigkeit der Bereitstellung der Details der Struktur unabdingbar ist. Zudem sollen Transmissionsverluste durch zu dicke Folien möglichst vermieden werden.On the other hand, there are limits to the strength of the film, since on the one hand it must be transparent in order to enable the exposure of the areas of the structure to be exposed and on the other hand it should not be too thick, since precise and flat contact with the glass plate is important for the accuracy of the Providing the details of the structure is essential. In addition, transmission losses due to films that are too thick should be avoided as far as possible.

Daher liegt der Erfindung die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1 und ein Verfahren zum Betrieb einer Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 12 zu schaffen, das einen vergleichsweise raschen Betrieb der Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung ermöglicht, ohne dass die Haltbarkeit und damit die Lebensdauer beeinträchtigt wäre.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a stereolithography device according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for operating a stereolithography device according to the preamble of claim 12, which enables the stereolithography device to be operated comparatively quickly without the Durability and thus the service life would be impaired.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch Anspruch 1 bzw. 12 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Weiterbildungen ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen. Erfindungsgemäß ist es vorgesehen, dass die Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung eine Wanne mit einer lichtdurchlässigen Folie aufweist.According to the invention, this object is achieved by claims 1 and 12, respectively. Advantageous developments result from the dependent claims. According to the invention, it is provided that the stereolithography device has a trough with a transparent film.

Die elastische Folie ist mit der Wanne randseitig verbunden und ist dort eingespannt gehalten. In entspanntem Zustand liegt sie auf dem Boden der Wanne auf. Dieser ist durch eine Glasplatte gebildet.The elastic film is connected to the edge of the tub and is held clamped there. In a relaxed state, it lies on the bottom of the tub. This is formed by a glass plate.

Bei dieser Lösung kann die Bauplattform von oben in die Wanne eingeführt werden. Die Wanne ist mit Druckmaterial gefüllt, und die Bauplattform taucht in das Druckmaterial ein.With this solution, the construction platform can be inserted into the tub from above. The trough is filled with substrate and the build platform is immersed in the substrate.

Erfindungsgemäß ist eine Steuervorrichtung vorgesehen, die die Bewegungen der Bauplattform steuert. Zum einen wird eine im wesentlichen vertikale Bewegung gesteuert, die eine Zustellbewegung umfasst, also eine Bewegung von oben nach unten, und eine Lösebewegung, also eine Bewegung von unten nach oben, für das Lösen einer erzeugten Struktur von einer Folie, die unten in der Wanne gehalten ist. Zum anderen eine Querbewegung, die als Bewegung der Wanne ausgebildet ist, welche wechselnde Bewegungsrichtungen hat, wobei die Querbewegung in einem Winkel zwischen 60 Grad und 120 Grad relativ zur Lösebewegung verläuft, wobei der Winkel zwischen der Quer- und der Lösebewegung von 90 Grad abweicht.According to the invention, a control device is provided which controls the movements of the construction platform. On the one hand, an essentially vertical movement is controlled, which includes an infeed movement, i.e. a movement from top to bottom, and a release movement, i.e. a movement from bottom to top, for detaching a structure produced from a film which is in the bottom of the tub is held. On the other hand, a transverse movement, which is designed as a movement of the trough, which has alternating directions of movement, the transverse movement running at an angle between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative to the release movement, the angle between the transverse and release movements deviating from 90 degrees.

An die Lösebewegung schließt sich eine Hebebewegung an, in welcher die Bauplattform und die dort teilweise schon erstellte Struktur frei von Kontakt mit der Folie ist und in welcher die Bauplattform weiter nach oben bewegt wird.The release movement is followed by a lifting movement in which the construction platform and the structure that has already been partially created there is free of contact with the foil and in which the construction platform is moved further upwards.

Hier wird von einer vertikalen Lösebewegung und auch einer im Übrigen vertikalen Bewegung gesprochen. Diese Bewegungen können gegebenenfalls auch leicht schräg in einem Winkel von bis zu +/- 20° zur vertikalen Achse erfolgen.Here we speak of a vertical release movement and also an otherwise vertical movement. If necessary, these movements can also be carried out slightly obliquely at an angle of up to +/- 20° to the vertical axis.

Die genannten Bewegungen sind als Relativbewegungen zu verstehen. Die Querbewegung verläuft also quer relativ zur Zustell- und zur Lösebewegung.The movements mentioned are to be understood as relative movements. The transverse movement thus runs transversely relative to the infeed and release movements.

Die Bauplattform wird im wesentlichen vertikal bewegt, und die Wanne in einem Winkel zwischen 60 Grad und 120 Grad relativ zu dieser, wobei der Winkel zwischen der Quer- und der Lösebewegung von 90 Grad abweicht. Eine kinematische Umkehr welche nicht unter die beanspruchte Erfindung fällt ist aber grundsätzlich auch möglich.The build platform is moved substantially vertically and the tray at an angle of between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative thereto, with the angle between the transverse and release movements deviating from 90 degrees. However, a kinematic reversal, which does not fall under the claimed invention, is in principle also possible.

Die Wanne ist mit fließfähigem Druckmaterial befüllt, und in an sich bekannter Weise wird das Druckmaterial von unten durch eine Glasplatte im Bodenbereich der Wanne und durch die transparente Folie hindurch an den Stellen belichtet, an denen die Struktur gebildet werden soll.The trough is filled with free-flowing printing material, and in a manner known per se the printing material is exposed from below through a glass plate in the bottom area of the trough and through the transparent film at the points where the structure is to be formed.

Die Struktur wird schichtweise gebildet, in sogenannten Slices. Jede Sicht kann beispielsweise 0,02 bis 0,15 mm dick sein, oder beispielsweise 0,08 mm. Jede Schicht wird erzeugt, indem durch die Belichtung durch eine starke Lichtquelle an den entsprechenden Stellen, die belichtet werden sollen, eine Lichthärtung des Druckmaterials vorgenommen wird. Die Belichtung verfestigt das Druckmaterial an der gewünschten Stelle, während das Druckmaterial mit der Folie und der vorhergehenden Schicht - oder gegebenenfalls der Bauplattform - Kontakt hat.The structure is formed in layers, in so-called slices. Each layer may be, for example, 0.02 to 0.15 mm thick, or 0.08 mm, for example. Each layer is created by light-curing the print material by exposing it to a strong light source at the appropriate locations to be exposed. The exposure solidifies the print material in the desired location while the print material is in contact with the foil and the previous layer - or the build platform, if applicable.

Für die Bereitstellung der nächsten Schicht muss die Bauplattform mit der bereits fertiggestellten Struktur angehoben werden, damit weiteres fließfähiges Druckmaterial auf die Folie gelangen kann und damit die nächste Schicht durch Lichthärtung erzeugt werden kann.For the preparation of the next layer, the building platform with the already completed structure has to be raised so that further flowable printing material can get onto the foil and the next layer can be created by light curing.

Die Folie ist elastisch, damit sie auftretenden Spannungen Rechnung tragen kann. Aufgrund von Oberflächeneffekten haftet sie an der gerade gehärteten Schicht. Die Lösebewegung hat daher eine Höhe, die die Schichtdicke erheblich übersteigt. Beispielsweise kann die Bauplattform um mindestens 5 mm angehoben werden, um sicherzustellen, dass neues Druckmaterial auf die Folie auffließt.The film is elastic so that it can take account of tensions that occur. Due to surface effects, it adheres to the just hardened layer. The release movement therefore has a level that significantly exceeds the layer thickness. For example, the build platform can be raised by at least 5mm to ensure new print material flows onto the foil.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die im wesentlichen vertikale Lösebewegung der Bauplattform mit einer Querbewegung in einem Winkel zwischen 60 Grad und 120 Grad relativ zur Lösebewegung, wobei der Winkel zwischen der Quer- und der Lösebewegung von 90 Grad abweicht. überlagert und kombiniert. Die Querbewegung ist erfindungsgemäß mit wechselnden Bewegungsrichtungen ausgebildet, die besonders bevorzugt hin- und hergehen und insbesondere periodisch sind.According to the invention, the essentially vertical release movement of the construction platform is a transverse movement at an angle of between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative to the release movement, the angle between the transverse and the release movement deviating from 90 degrees. superimposed and combined. According to the invention, the transverse movement is designed with alternating directions of movement, which particularly preferably go back and forth and are in particular periodic.

Überraschend ergibt sich durch die hin- und hergehende Bewegung eine deutlich verbesserte Ablösewirkung und damit eine geringere Belastung der Folie. Diese kann daher entweder dünner sein, was präzisere Strukturen ermöglicht, oder die Haltbarkeit der Folie ist deutlich verbessert.Surprisingly, the reciprocating movement results in a significantly improved detachment effect and thus less stress on the film. This can therefore either be thinner, which enables more precise structures, or the durability of the film is significantly improved.

Zudem ermöglicht eine geringere Belastung der Folie die Verwendung einer dünneren Folie. Diese bietet erhebliche Vorteile:

  • Die Transmissionseigenschaften sind besser, was zu einer kürzeren Belichtungszeit und damit zu einem schnelleren Prozess führt.
  • Die Streuung ist geringe, so dass die Genauigkeit der Ortsauflösung verbessert wird.
  • Die Strahlungsintensität kann vermindert werden, was zu einer höheren Lebensdauer der verwendeten Lichtquellen führen kann.
In addition, a lower load on the film allows the use of a thinner film. This offers significant advantages:
  • The transmission properties are better, resulting in a shorter exposure time and therefore a faster process.
  • The scatter is low, so that the accuracy of the spatial resolution is improved.
  • The radiation intensity can be reduced, which can lead to a longer service life of the light sources used.

Versuche haben ergeben, dass die Ablöseneigung durch die Hin- und Rückquerbewegung nahezu verdoppelt wird, dass also das Ablösen schon bei der Hälfte der vertikalen Lösebewegung im Vergleich mit einer vertikalen Lösebewegung ohne doppelseitige Querbewegung erfolgt.Experiments have shown that the tendency to detach is almost doubled by the back and forth transverse movement, so that detachment is already at half of the vertical release movement compared to a vertical release movement without double-sided transverse movement.

Dies stellt einen erheblichen Fortschritt dar, da dann auch die Absenkbewegung lediglich die halbe Höhe erfordert und damit insgesamt die Arbeitsleistung der Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung zwischen den Belichtungsfenstern nahezu verdoppelt werden kann. Unter Absenkbewegung ist hier die Bewegung der Bauplattform beim Absenken zu verstehen, während unter Zustellbewegung die Bewegung dieser bis zu einer Zielposition zu verstehen ist. In dieser Zielposition beträgt der Abstand der Struktur von der Oberseite der Folie 1 Schichtstärke, also z.B. 0,08 mm, so dass die Belichtung der nächsten Schicht erfolgen kann.This represents a significant step forward, since the lowering movement then also requires only half the height, and the work output of the stereolithography device between the exposure windows can therefore be almost doubled overall. Lowering movement here means the movement of the construction platform during lowering, while infeed movement means the movement of this up to a target position. In this target position, the distance between the structure and the top of the film is 1 layer thickness, e.g. 0.08 mm, so that the next layer can be exposed.

Besonders günstig ist eine Art Schaukelbewegung als Querbewegung. Diese ermöglicht es - insofern über eine rein translatorische Bewegung hinausgehend - die Seitwärtsbewegung mit einer Aufwärtsbewegung bzw. Abwärtsbewegung zu kombinieren.A kind of rocking movement as a transverse movement is particularly favorable. This makes it possible—insofar as it goes beyond a purely translational movement—to combine the sideways movement with an upward or downward movement.

Die Folie ist in an sich bekannter Weise aus einem hochelastischen Material. Bei Entspannung federt sie zurück und lässt sich im hohen Maße dehnen, ohne zu reißen.In a manner known per se, the film is made of a highly elastic material. When relaxed, it springs back and can be stretched to a great extent without tearing.

Die erfindungsgemäße Lehre ermöglicht nun Querbewegungen der Folie in zwei Richtungen, die das Ablösen offenbar stark unterstützen.The teaching according to the invention now enables transverse movements of the film in two directions, which apparently greatly support detachment.

Hierbei ist zu berücksichtigen, dass die Haftung zwischen der Struktur und der Folie lediglich im Grenzbereich zwischen diesen beiden Materialien besteht.It should be noted here that the adhesion between the structure and the film only exists in the border area between these two materials.

Über die Dicke der Folie verformt sich diese mit zunehmendem Abstand von der Struktur stärker. Bei Entlastung zieht die Folie sich wieder zusammen.Over the thickness of the film, it deforms more with increasing distance from the structure. When the load is released, the film contracts again.

Im Mittenbereich der Folie entstehen durch die Hin- und Herbewegung mikroskopisch betrachtet Scherbewegungen relativ zu der Struktur, insofern also unter anderem auch eine Scherbewegung bei der Entspannung der Folie. Auch diese unterstützt offenbar das Ablösen.In the central area of the film, the reciprocating movement causes shearing movements relative to the structure, viewed microscopically, and in this respect also a shearing movement when the foil relaxes. This also apparently supports the detachment.

Gegenüber einem einseitigen Ziehen ist durch die zweiseitige Bewegung in Querrichtung der Querbewegungsanteil verdoppelt.Compared to one-sided pulling, the two-sided movement in the transverse direction doubles the proportion of transverse movement.

Erfindungsgemäß wichtig ist es, dass zu einer die Scherspannung gehörenden Querbewegung auch eine die Scherspannung reduzierende oder aufhebende Bewegung gehört.According to the invention, it is important that a transverse movement associated with the shearing stress also includes a movement that reduces or eliminates the shearing stress.

Dies kommt bei den in vorteilhafter Weiterbildung vorgesehenen Hin- und Rück-Querbewegungen zur Anwendung.This is used in the back and forth transverse movements provided in an advantageous development.

Betrachtet man die Querauslenkung, so entsteht bei der Hin-Querbewegung eine Scherspannungszunahme und bei der Rück-Querbewegung bis zum Bewegungsmittelpunkt eine Scherspannungsabnahme. Bei Weiterbewegung in Rück-Richtung nimmt die Scherspannung in Gegenrichtung wieder zu, und bei der erneuten Hin-Querbewegung bis zum Bewegungsmittelpunkt nimmt die Gegen-Scherspannung wieder ab.If one considers the transverse deflection, there is an increase in shear stress during the forward-transverse movement and a decrease in shear stress during the back-transverse movement up to the center of movement. When moving further in the reverse direction, the shearing stress increases again in the opposite direction, and when moving back and forth to the center of motion, the counter-shearing stress decreases again.

Die Kombination dieser 4 Bewegungsanteile führt überraschend zu einem deutlich verbesserten Ablöseprozess.The combination of these 4 parts of the movement surprisingly leads to a significantly improved detachment process.

Die Bewegungsgeschwindigkeit kann in weiten Bereichen an die Erfordernisse angepasst werden. Es ist auch möglich, die Querbewegungsauslenkung und die sonstigen Bewegungsparameter an die zu erzeugende Struktur an der je betrachteten Stelle anzupassen. So können bei größeren Strukturen, also Strukturen, bei denen eine größere Kontaktfläche zwischen Folie und Struktur besteht, die Anzahl der Querbewegungen erhöht und/oder die Frequenz der Querbewegungen erhöht werden.The movement speed can be adapted to the requirements in a wide range. It is also possible to adapt the transverse movement deflection and the other movement parameters to the structure to be produced at the point in question. In the case of larger structures, ie structures in which there is a larger contact area between the film and the structure, the number of transverse movements can be increased and/or the frequency of the transverse movements can be increased.

Umgekehrt können bei ganz kleinen Strukturen, also etwa beim Beginn des Bauprozesses in der Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung, auch ganz geringe Auslenkungen ausreichen, beispielsweise auch nur eine Hin-Querbewegung und eine Rück-Querbewegung.Conversely, in the case of very small structures, ie, for example at the start of the construction process in the stereolithography device, very small deflections can also be sufficient, for example even just a forward-transverse movement and a back-transverse movement.

Betrachtet man die Folie und die Struktur als ein verbundenes Gebilde, entsteht die Trennung zwischen diesen durch die Wechsellast an der Sollbruchstelle, nämlich an der Schnittstelle zwischen Folie und Struktur.If the film and the structure are viewed as a connected entity, the separation between them is caused by the alternating load at the predetermined breaking point, namely at the interface between the film and the structure.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung beginnt die Querbewegung mit der Lösebewegung.In an advantageous embodiment, the transverse movement begins with the release movement.

Es ist aber auch möglich, die Querbewegung vor oder nach der Lösebewegung beginnen zulassen, beispielsweise im Abstand von 0,5 sek. 1 sek. oder 2 sek. oder bis zu 5 sek. bei größeren Strukturen.However, it is also possible to allow the transverse movement to begin before or after the release movement, for example at an interval of 0.5 seconds. 1 sec or 2 sec. or up to 5 sec. for larger structures.

Bevorzugt überlagert eine Mehrzahl von Querbewegungen die Lösebewegung. Dies können beispielsweise 1, 2, 3, 4 oder aber auch 10 oder gar 20 Querbewegungen sein. Die Amplitude der Querbewegung kann ebenfalls in weiten Bereichen an die Erfordernisse angepasst werden und beispielsweise etwa 5 mm betragen.A plurality of transverse movements are preferably superimposed on the release movement. This can be, for example, 1, 2, 3, 4 or even 10 or even 20 transverse movements. The amplitude of the transverse movement can also be adapted to the requirements over a wide range and can be around 5 mm, for example.

An die Lösebewegung, also die vertikale Bewegung der Bauplattform relativ zur Glasplatte der Wanne, schließt sich bevorzugt eine Hebebewegung an. Während der Lösebewegung besteht noch ein mindestens minimaler Kontakt zwischen Folie und Struktur, während anschließend, also während der Hebebewegung, kein Kontakt mehr besteht.The release movement, ie the vertical movement of the construction platform relative to the glass plate of the tub, is preferably followed by a lifting movement. During the release movement there is still at least minimal contact between the film and the structure, while thereafter, i.e. during the lifting movement, there is no longer any contact.

Die erfindungsgemäße Steuervorrichtung steuert sämtliche Bewegungen, also Hebebewegung, Lösebewegung und die Querbewegungen. Sie weist auch geeignete Sensoren auf, um die Bewegungen regeln zu können.The control device according to the invention controls all movements, ie lifting movement, release movement and the transverse movements. It also has suitable sensors to be able to regulate the movements.

Die Steuervorrichtung steuert auch die Geschwindigkeit der Bewegungen, nämlich der Querbewegungen und der Lösebewegung, besonders genau, beispielsweise in Abhängigkeit von dem verwendeten Material der Struktur, der Größe der Struktur und dem Material und der Art der Folie.The control device also controls the speed of the movements, namely the transverse movements and the release movement, particularly precisely, for example depending on the material used in the structure, the size of the structure and the material and type of film.

Die Hebebewegung ist hingegen weitgehend materialunabhängig und kann beispielsweise mit maximaler Geschwindigkeit erfolgen, ebenfalls gesteuert von der Steuervorrichtung. Dies gilt insbesondere für die Zeit nach der Trennung.The lifting movement, on the other hand, is largely independent of the material and can, for example, take place at maximum speed, also controlled from the control device. This applies in particular to the time after the separation.

In modifizierter Ausgestaltung ist es vorgesehen, dass eine Hin-Querbewegung einer Lösebewegung überlagert ist und die Zurück-Querbewegung außerhalb der Zeit der Lösebewegung erfolgt.In a modified embodiment, it is provided that a forward transverse movement is superimposed on a release movement and the backward transverse movement takes place outside the time of the release movement.

In weiterer modifizierter Ausgestaltung ist es vorgesehen, dass die Steuervorrichtung die Bewegungen so steuert, dass jede Querbewegung endet, bevor die Lösebewegung abgeschlossen ist.In a further modified embodiment, it is provided that the control device controls the movements in such a way that each transverse movement ends before the release movement is completed.

Die Steuervorrichtung lässt sich hinsichtlich der Geschwindigkeiten in weiten Bereichen an die Erfordernisse anpassen. Einzelheiten hierzu lassen sich beispielsweise aus den Unteransprüchen 6, 7, 9 und 10 entnehmen.With regard to the speeds, the control device can be adapted to the requirements within wide ranges. Details on this can be found in dependent claims 6, 7, 9 and 10, for example.

In vorteilhafter Ausgestaltung ist es insofern vorgesehen, dass an jeder Endposition der Querbewegung ein Zwischenhalt vorgesehen ist und dass die Querbewegungen von der Steuervorrichtung so gesteuert werden, dass die Zwischenhalte kürzer oder länger als die Bewegungsperioden sind.In an advantageous embodiment, provision is made for an intermediate stop to be provided at each end position of the transverse movement and for the transverse movements to be controlled by the control device in such a way that the intermediate stops are shorter or longer than the movement periods.

Für die praktische Realisierung der Antriebe für die Bewegungen ist bevorzugt für die Vertikalbewegung, also die Lösebewegung und die Hebebewegung, ein Linearmotor oder ein Schrittmotor mit einer Zahnstange vorgesehen, und für die Querbewegung entweder ebenfalls ein solcher Linearantrieb mit den beiden für den Vertikalantrieb dargestellten Möglichkeiten, oder der Einfachheit halber ein Motor, der mit einem Kurbelantrieb verbunden ist.For the practical implementation of the drives for the movements, a linear motor or a stepper motor with a toothed rack is preferably provided for the vertical movement, i.e. the release movement and the lifting movement, and for the transverse movement either such a linear drive with the two options shown for the vertical drive or, for convenience, a motor connected to a crank drive.

Durch den mit konstanter Geschwindigkeit laufenden Motor wird durch den Kurbelantrieb eine Sinusbewegung als Querbewegung realisiert. Erfindungsgemäß ist es vorgesehen, dass die Bewegungen zwischen der Bauplattform einerseits und der Wanne andererseits erfolgen. Die Bauplattform trägt die Struktur, und an der Wanne ist die Folie eingespannt.Due to the motor running at a constant speed, a sinusoidal movement is realized as a transverse movement by the crank drive. According to the invention, it is provided that the movements take place between the construction platform on the one hand and the trough on the other hand. The construction platform carries the structure, and the foil is clamped to the tub.

Weitere Vorteile, Einzelheiten und Merkmale ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung mehrerer Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung.Further advantages, details and features result from the following description of several exemplary embodiments of the invention with reference to the drawing.

Es zeigen:

Fig. 1
eine schematische perspektivische Ansicht einer nicht erfindungsgemäßen Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung;
Fig. 2
eine Bewegungskurve der Vertikalbewegung und der Querbewegung in einer Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäße Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung;
Fig. 3
eine Bewegungskurve der Vertikalbewegung und der Querbewegung in einer anderen Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung;
Fig. 4
eine schematische Ansicht der nicht erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung während des Lösens der Folie von der Struktur; und
Fig. 5
eine schematische Ansicht der nicht erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kurz nach dem Lösen der Folie von der Struktur, in einer modifizierten Ausführungsform
Show it:
1
a schematic perspective view of a non-inventive stereolithography device;
2
a movement curve of the vertical movement and the transverse movement in an embodiment of the stereolithography apparatus according to the invention;
3
a movement curve of the vertical movement and the lateral movement in another embodiment of the stereolithography apparatus according to the invention;
4
a schematic view of the device not according to the invention during the release of the film from the structure; and
figure 5
a schematic view of the device not according to the invention shortly after detaching the film from the structure, in a modified embodiment

Fig. 1 zeigt eine nicht erfindungsgemäße Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung 10, die dem Grund nach einen an sich bekannten Ausbau hat. 1 shows a stereolithography device 10 which is not according to the invention and which in principle has a construction which is known per se.

Es ist eine Wanne 12 vorgesehen, in die hinein eine Bauplattform 14 absenkbar und eintauchbar ist. Die Bauplattform 14 trägt an ihrem unteren Ende eine Bauplatte 16. Die Wanne 12 ist mit Druckmaterial 18 befüllt. In das Bad aus Druckmaterial 18 ist die Bauplatte 16 absenkbar.A trough 12 is provided, into which a construction platform 14 can be lowered and immersed. The construction platform 14 carries a construction board 16 at its lower end. The trough 12 is filled with printing material 18 . The building board 16 can be lowered into the bath of printing material 18 .

Die Wanne 12 hat an ihrer Unterseite eine Glasplatte 20. Die Glasplatte 20 erstreckt sich unterhalb einer Folie 22, die den Boden der Wanne 12 bildet, entweder an der gesamten Unterseite oder mindestens an einem großen, bevorzugt zentralen Teil der Unterseite der Wanne 12 und ist transparent.The trough 12 has a glass plate 20 on its underside. The glass plate 20 extends below a foil 22 which forms the bottom of the trough 12. either on the entire underside or at least on a large, preferably central part of the underside of the tub 12 and is transparent.

Die Glasplatte 20 ist insofern mit der elastischen und transparenten, also lichtdurchlässige Folie 22 bedeckt. Die Folie 22 ist umlaufend eingespannt gehalten. Hierzu ist ein Rahmen vorgesehen, der ebenfalls an sich bekannter Weise der Fixierung des Randes der Folie 22 an der Wanne 12 dient.In this respect, the glass plate 20 is covered with the elastic and transparent, ie translucent film 22 . The film 22 is held clamped all around. A frame is provided for this purpose, which also serves to fix the edge of the film 22 to the trough 12 in a manner known per se.

Die Folie 22 ist elastisch und besteht aus einem transparenten Elastormer oder einem anderen geeigneten Material.The foil 22 is elastic and consists of a transparent elastomer or another suitable material.

Unterhalb der Glasplatte 20 ist eine Lichtquelle 24 vorgesehen, die nach oben, also zur Glasplatte 20 hin, strahlt. Die Lichtquelle 24 kann beispielsweise ein Laserstrahl sein, und es kann eine zweidimensional bewegliche Ablenkvorrichtung vorgesehen sein, die nicht dargestellt ist und die den Laserstrahl an die gewünschte Stelle der Glasplatte 20 lenkt.Below the glass plate 20 there is a light source 24 which radiates upwards, ie towards the glass plate 20 . The light source 24 can be a laser beam, for example, and a two-dimensionally movable deflection device can be provided, which is not shown and which directs the laser beam to the desired location on the glass plate 20 .

An dieser Stelle durchtritt der Laserstrahl die Glasplatte 20 und die Folie 22 und fällt auf Druckmaterial 18. 0,5At this point the laser beam passes through the glass plate 20 and the foil 22 and impinges on the printing material 18. 0.5

Das Druckmaterial 18 ist fließfähig und lichthärtbar, so dass es an der Stelle, an der es durch die Lichtquelle 24 belichtet wird, aushärtet.The print material 18 is flowable and light-curable so that it hardens where it is exposed to light from the light source 24 .

Alternativ zu der hier beschriebenen Kombination des Lasers mit der Ablenkvorrichtung ist es auch möglich, eine vollflächig strahlende Lichtquelle 24 mit einer Belichtungssteuervorrichtung zu verwenden. Diese liegt an der Glasplatte 20 unten auf und weist Pixel auf, die je separat steuerbar schwarz oder durchlässig betreibbar sind. Alternativ erfolgt die Belichtung über einen DMD, der an der Lichtquelle verbaut ist, und die dort austretende Lichtstrahlung wird direkt oder über Umlenkspiegel und optische Elemente im Lichtpfad auf die Fokusebene projiziert.As an alternative to the combination of the laser with the deflection device described here, it is also possible to use a light source 24 radiating over the entire surface with an exposure control device. This is on the bottom of the glass plate 20 and has pixels that can each be operated separately controllably in black or transparent. Alternatively, the exposure takes place via a DMD, which is installed on the light source, and the light radiation emerging there is projected onto the focal plane directly or via deflection mirrors and optical elements in the light path.

Mit einer solchen, ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Belichtungssteuervorrichtung lässt sich in einem Zug eine Schicht Druckmaterial 18 entsprechend der gewünschten Pixelanordnung belichten und damit aushärten.With such an exposure control device, also not shown, a layer of printing material 18 can be exposed in one go according to the desired pixel arrangement and thus cured.

Beim Beginn des Aufbaus einer Struktur 26, also beim Beginn des sogenannten Bauprozesses, wird die Bauplattform 14 sehr weit abgesenkt. Die Bauplatte 16 erstreckt sich mir ihrer Unterseite in einer Höhe von 0,08 mm oberhalb der Folie 22.At the beginning of the construction of a structure 26, ie at the beginning of the so-called construction process, the construction platform 14 is lowered very far. The building board 16 extends with its underside at a height of 0.08 mm above the film 22.

Die erste Schicht wird nun belichtet. Eine solche Schicht entsteht mit einer entsprechend gewählten Schichtdicke, wie beispielsweise 0,08 mm und wird auch als Slice bezeichnet.The first layer is now exposed. Such a layer is created with an appropriately selected layer thickness, such as 0.08 mm, and is also referred to as a slice.

Für die Erzeugung der nächsten Schichtdicken muss zum einen die Folie 22 von dem ausgehärteten Druckmaterial 18, das nunmehr als Struktur 26 vorliegt, von der Struktur 26 gelöst werden und zum anderen die Bauplattform 14 angehoben werden, so dass neues Druckmaterial 18 die Folie 22 vollständig bedeckt und die nächste Schicht erzeugt werden kann. Die Struktur 26 ist in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt.To produce the next layer thicknesses, the film 22 must be detached from the hardened printing material 18, which is now present as structure 26, from the structure 26 and the construction platform 14 must be raised so that new printing material 18 completely covers the film 22 and the next layer can be created. Structure 26 is in 1 shown schematically.

Es versteht sich, dass auch beliebige andere Schichten möglich sind, beispielsweise Schichtdicken zwischen 0,03 mm und 0,8 mm oder sogar darüber hinaus.It goes without saying that any other layers are also possible, for example layer thicknesses between 0.03 mm and 0.8 mm or even more.

Für die vertikale Bewegung der Bauplattform 14, die mit der Bauplatte 16 und der dort unten anhaftende Struktur 26 verbunden ist, ist eine Hubvorrichtung 28 vorgesehen. Auch wenn die Hubvorrichtung 28, die in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt ist, für eine vertikale Bewegung ausgelegt ist, versteht es sich, dass anstelle dessen auch eine gegenüber der vertikalen leicht schräge Bewegung auch von der Formulierung "vertikal" umfasst sein soll, beispielsweise eine solche, die um +/- 20° von der Vertikalen abweicht.A lifting device 28 is provided for the vertical movement of the construction platform 14, which is connected to the construction panel 16 and the structure 26 adhering there below. Even if the lifting device 28, which is 1 is shown schematically, is designed for a vertical movement, it goes without saying that instead of this, a slightly oblique movement in relation to the vertical should also be included in the wording "vertical", for example one that is +/- 20° from the vertical.

Die vertikale Bewegung besteht aus einer vertikalen Lösebewegung 32, während welcher sich die Folie 22 von der Struktur 26 löst, und einer Hebebewegung 50, die sich nach oben hieran anschließt. Während der Hebebewegung 50 kann das Druckmaterial 18 besser in den Bereich unterhalb der Struktur 26 einfließen.The vertical movement consists of a vertical release movement 32, during which the film 22 detaches from the structure 26, and a lifting movement 50 which follows upwards. During the lifting movement 50, the printing material 18 can flow better into the area below the structure 26.

Je nach Viskosität des Druckmaterials 18 ist es auch möglich, auf die Hebebewegung 50 teilweise oder vollständig zu verzichten, also dann, wenn das Druckmaterial 18 sehr dünnflüssig ist. Bei viskoseren Druckmaterial 18 ist es günstig, für die Hebebewegung 50 3 bis 10 mm vorzusehen, die sich an die Lösebewegung 32 anschließen.Depending on the viscosity of the printing material 18, it is also possible to partially or completely dispense with the lifting movement 50, ie when the printing material 18 is very thin. In the case of more viscous printing material 18, it is favorable to provide 3 to 10 mm for the lifting movement 50, which follows the release movement 32.

Erfindungsgemäß ist es vorgesehen, zusätzlich zu der Hubvorrichtung 28 einen Querantrieb 30 zu realisieren. Der Querantrieb 30 erzeugt Querbewegungen.According to the invention, provision is made for a transverse drive 30 to be implemented in addition to the lifting device 28 . The transverse drive 30 generates transverse movements.

Die Querbewegungen 34 erstrecken sich nicht erfindungsgemäß rechtwinklig zur Lösebewegung 32. Erfindungsgemäß verläuft die Querbewegung 34 in einem Winkel zwischen 60 Grad und 120 Grad relativ zur Lösebewegung 32, wobei der Winkel zwischen der Quer- und der Lösebewegung von 90 Grad abweicht.The transverse movements 34 do not extend perpendicularly to the release movement 32 according to the invention. According to the invention, the transverse movement 34 extends at an angle between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative to the release movement 32, with the angle between the transverse and release movements deviating from 90 degrees.

Nachdem die Wanne 12 die Folie 22 eingespannt hält und an der Bauplattform 14 die Struktur 26 haftet, entsteht insofern gleichzeitig auch eine im wesentlichen horizontale Querbewegung 34 zwischen der Struktur 26 und der elastischen Folie 22.After the trough 12 holds the film 22 clamped and the structure 26 adheres to the construction platform 14, a substantially horizontal transverse movement 34 also occurs at the same time between the structure 26 and the elastic film 22.

Im dargestellten nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Lösebewegung 32 vertikal und die Querbewegung 34 horizontal. Beide Bewegungen verlaufen insofern in einem Winkel vom 90° zueinander. Erfindungsgemäß verläuft die Querbewegung 34 in einem Winkel zwischen 60 Grad und 120 Grad oder auch 80° und 100° relativ zur Lösebewegung 32, wobei der Winkel zwischen der Quer- und der Lösebewegung von 90 Grad abweicht.In the embodiment shown, which is not according to the invention, the release movement 32 is vertical and the transverse movement 34 is horizontal. In this respect, both movements run at an angle of 90° to one another. According to the invention, the transverse movement 34 runs at an angle between 60 degrees and 120 degrees or 80° and 100° relative to the release movement 32, the angle between the transverse and the release movement deviating from 90 degrees.

Die vertikale Achse wird typischerweise als Z-Achse bezeichnet, so dass die vertikale Bewegung, die die Lösebewegung 32 einschließt, als Bewegung in Z-Richtung angesehen werden kann. Die in der Zeichnungsebene horizontale Richtung wird typischerweise als X-Richtung bezeichnet, also die entsprechende Bewegung als Bewegung in X-Richtung.The vertical axis is typically referred to as the Z-axis, so the vertical movement, which includes the release movement 32, can be viewed as Z-direction movement. The horizontal direction in the plane of the drawing is typically referred to as the X-direction, ie the corresponding movement as a movement in the X-direction.

Die 3. Raumachse zu diesen beiden Richtungen, die in der Zeichnung gemäß Fig. 1 schräg nach hinten verläuft, ist dann die Y-Richtung 36, also die Bewegung in Richtung der Y-Achse.The 3rd spatial axis according to these two directions in the drawing 1 runs obliquely backwards, then the Y-direction is 36, ie the movement in the direction of the Y-axis.

In dem hier dargestellten nicht erfindungsgemäßen Ausführungsbeispiel ist die Querbewegung 34 als in Richtung der X-Achse verlaufend dargestellt. Es ist jedoch genauso möglich und nicht erfindungsgemäß eine Querbewegung 34 in Y-Richtung 36 zu realisieren, oder auch eine Mischform, also die Querbewegung 34 als Bewegung mit einer Bewegungskomponente in X-Richtung und eine Bewegungskomponente in Y-Richtung 36 zu realisieren.In the exemplary embodiment shown here, which is not according to the invention, the transverse movement 34 is shown as running in the direction of the X-axis. However, it is just as possible and not according to the invention to implement a transverse movement 34 in the Y-direction 36, or a mixed form, i.e. the transverse movement 34 as a movement with a movement component in the X-direction and a movement component in the Y-direction 36.

Erfindungsgemäß ist die Querbewegung 34 so realisiert, dass sie wechselnde Bewegungsrichtungen hat. Dies bedeutet, dass wenn in einem ersten Schritt eine Erst-Querbewegung 54 in einer Richtung verläuft, eine Zweit-Querbewegung 56 in einer anderen, hiervon abweichenden Richtung verläuft. Die Zweit-Querbewegung 56 kann sich von der Erst-Querbewegung 54 um einen beliebigen Winkel unterscheiden, welcher erfindungsgemäß ist, solange er zwischen 60° und 120° relativ zur Lösebewegung liegt und nicht 90° beträgt.According to the invention, the transverse movement 34 is implemented in such a way that it has changing directions of movement. This means that if, in a first step, a first transverse movement 54 runs in one direction, a second transverse movement 56 runs in another, deviating direction. The second traverse movement 56 can differ from the first traverse movement 54 by any angle that is consistent with the invention so long as it is between 60° and 120° relative to the release movement and is not 90°.

Die Dritt-Querbewegung 58 hat wiederum von der Zweit-Querbewegung 56 einen sich unterscheidende Bewegungsrichtung. Die Richtung der Erst-Querbewegung 54 und der Dritt-Querbewegung 58 kann sich voneinander unterscheiden und ist erfindungsgemäß, solange der Winkel der Richtung zwischen 60° und 120° relativ zur Lösebewegung liegt und nicht 90° beträgt. sie kann aber auch gleich sein. Im zweiten Fall, also bei Bewegungsgleichheit zwischen Erst-Querbewegung 54 und Zweit-Querbewegung 56 ist die Querbewegung 34 eine hin- und hergehende Bewegung.The third transverse movement 58 in turn has a direction of movement that differs from the second transverse movement 56 . The direction of first traverse 54 and third traverse 58 may differ from one another and is consistent with the invention so long as the angle of the direction is between 60° and 120° relative to the release movement and is not 90°. but it can also be the same. In the second case, that is to say when the movement between the first transverse movement 54 and the second transverse movement 56 is the same, the transverse movement 34 is a reciprocating movement.

Im einfachsten Falle verläuft die Bewegung in X-Richtung oder in Y-Richtung 36 periodisch. Der Querantrieb 30, der in Fig. 1 schematisch dargestellt ist, kann dann als Kurbelantrieb mit einer Kurbel 40 ausgebildet sein. Die Kurbel 40 wird in an sich bekannter Weise von einem Kurbelrad 42 angetrieben, so dass sich eine sinusförmige Querbewegung 34 ergibt, unter der Voraussetzung, dass das Kurbelrad 42 mit einer konstanten Geschwindigkeit angetrieben wird. Anstelle der hier dargestellten einfachsten Form der Querbewegung 34 sind beliebige andere Bewegungsformen möglich. Beispielsweise kann der Querantrieb 30 als Linearantrieb ausgebildet sein. Der Linearantrieb kann zweidimensional realisiert sein, also in X-Richtung und in Y-Richtung 36.In the simplest case, the movement in the X direction or in the Y direction 36 runs periodically. The transverse drive 30, which in 1 is shown schematically, can then be designed as a crank drive with a crank 40. The crank 40 is driven in a manner known per se by a crank wheel 42 so that a sinusoidal transverse movement 34 results, provided that the crank wheel 42 is driven at a constant speed. Instead of the simplest form of transverse movement shown here, 34 are any other forms of movement possible. For example, the Transverse drive 30 may be designed as a linear drive. The linear drive can be implemented in two dimensions, i.e. in the X direction and in the Y direction 36.

Ein solcher Antrieb lässt sich beispielsweise mit einer Zahnstange und einem Zahnrad realisieren. Über den Ort betrachtet kann die Bewegung dann beispielsweise quadratisch sein.Such a drive can be implemented, for example, with a rack and a gear. Viewed over the location, the movement can then be quadratic, for example.

Nicht erfindungsgemäß kann die Querbewegung 34 auch eine beliebige andere Form in der X/Y-Ebene haben. Beispielsweise lässt sich auch eine Dreiecksform oder eine andere Mehreckform realisieren, oder ein Mehreck mit abgerundeten Ecken.Not according to the invention, the transverse movement 34 can also have any other shape in the X/Y plane. For example, a triangular shape or another polygonal shape can also be implemented, or a polygon with rounded corners.

Auch ist eine elliptische Form der Querbewegung 34 möglich. Diese lässt sich beispielsweise mit zwei zueinander senkrechten Kurbelantrieben realisieren, von denen eine Kurbel 40 eine geringere und die andere eine größere Auslenkung hat.An elliptical shape of the transverse movement 34 is also possible. This can be realized, for example, with two mutually perpendicular crank drives, of which one crank 40 has a smaller deflection and the other a greater deflection.

Erfindungsgemäß wichtig ist es, dass die Querbewegung 34 nicht einseitig erfolgt, sondern zweiseitig oder mehrseitig. Erst damit ergibt sich der Effekt der Ablösung der Struktur 26 von der Folie 22. Wann die Ersttrennung, also der Beginn der Ablösung, erfolgt, hängt stark von den Umständen des Einzelfalles ab; sie kann z.B. auch bereits beim Beginn der Erstbewegung erfolgen, oder aber nach mehreren Hin- und Herbewegungen.According to the invention, it is important that the transverse movement 34 does not take place on one side, but on two or more sides. Only then does the effect of the detachment of the structure 26 from the film 22 result. When the first separation, ie the beginning of the detachment, takes place depends greatly on the circumstances of the individual case; it can, for example, already take place at the beginning of the first movement, or after several back and forth movements.

Die Querbewegung 34 kann auch eine Art Schaukelbewegung sein, also eine Bewegung, bei der sie zusätzlich auslenkungsabhängig eine vertikale Komponente hat.The transverse movement 34 can also be a kind of rocking movement, ie a movement in which it also has a vertical component dependent on the deflection.

Eine Steuervorrichtung 46 steuert die Hubvorrichtung 28 und den Querantrieb 30, damit die Lösebewegung und die Querbewegungen, aber auch die Belichtung über die Lichtquelle 24 und damit die gesamte Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung 10.A control device 46 controls the lifting device 28 and the transverse drive 30, thus the release movement and the transverse movements, but also the exposure via the light source 24 and thus the entire stereolithography device 10.

Ein einfaches Beispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Querbewegung 34 ist in Fig. 2 dargestellt. Im oberen Diagramm in Fig. 2 ist die vertikale Bewegung oder Hubbewegung dargestellt, die sich aus einer Lösebewegung 32 und einer Hebebewegung 50 zusammensetzt.A simple example of a transverse movement 34 according to the invention is shown in 2 shown. In the top diagram in 2 is the vertical movement or Lifting movement shown, which is composed of a release movement 32 and a lifting movement 50.

Gemäß dem Diagramm gemäß Fig. 2 ist die vertikale Position der Bauplattform 14, also die Position in Richtung der Z-Achse über die Zeit dargestellt. Der hier diskutierte Zeitabschnitt umfasst die Zeit zwischen 2 Belichtungen.According to the diagram according to 2 is the vertical position of the construction platform 14, ie the position in the direction of the Z-axis, over time. The time period discussed here includes the time between 2 exposures.

Die erste Belichtung ist mit dem Zeitabschnitt I bezeichnet und endet bei 3954 sek. Der zweite Zeitabschnitt II ist die Lösebewegung 32 und die Hebebewegung 50. Die Lösebewegung 32 endet bei etwa 3957,5 sek, und die Hebebewegung 50 dauert zwischen dem Zeitpunkt 3957,5 sek. und dem Zeitpunkt 3961 sek.The first exposure is labeled time segment I and ends at 3954 sec. The second period II is the release movement 32 and the lifting movement 50. The releasing movement 32 ends at about 3957.5 seconds and the lifting movement 50 lasts between time 3957.5 seconds. and the time 3961 sec.

Hieran schließt sich der Zeitabschnitt III an, der die Absenkbewegung 52 zeigt. Diese dauert von 3961 bis 3966 sek. Hieran schließt sich ein weiterer Belichtungsschritt an, gegebenenfalls nach einer Ruhezeit.This is followed by time segment III, which shows the lowering movement 52 . This lasts from 3961 to 3966 seconds. This is followed by a further exposure step, optionally after a rest period.

Wie ersichtlich ist, erfolgt die erste Belichtung im Zeitabschnitt I bei einer Z-Position von deutlich weniger als 16 mm, und die zweite Belichtung II nach der Absenkbewegung 52 bzw. der Zustellbewegung erfolgt bei einer Z-Position von nur etwas weniger als 16 mm. Die Differenz entspricht einer Schichtstärke und beträgt etwa 0,08 mm.As can be seen, the first exposure in time segment I takes place at a Z position of significantly less than 16 mm, and the second exposure II after the lowering movement 52 or the infeed movement takes place at a Z position of just slightly less than 16 mm. The difference corresponds to one layer thickness and is about 0.08 mm.

Die erfindungsgemäße Querbewegung 34 ist unter dem Diagramm aufgetragen und verläuft an hin- und hergehende Bewegung. Die Querbewegung 34 beginnt bei 3954 sek. Sie startet mit einer Erst-Querbewegung 54 im ersten steigenden Ast der dargestellten Sinuskurve.The transverse motion 34 of the present invention is plotted below the graph and is a reciprocating motion. The traverse 34 starts at 3954 sec. It starts with a first transverse movement 54 in the first rising branch of the sine curve shown.

An die Erst-Querbewegung 54 schließt sich eine hierzu entgegengesetzte Zweit-Querbewegung 56 an, die über den Nulldurchgang 62 der Querbewegung 34 hinausgeht und eine Auslenkung in negative Richtung hat, entsprechend dem Verlauf einer Sinuswelle.The first transverse movement 54 is followed by a second transverse movement 56 opposite thereto, which goes beyond the zero crossing 62 of the transverse movement 34 and has a deflection in the negative direction, corresponding to the course of a sine wave.

Hieran schließt sich eine Dritt-Querbewegung 58 an, die wiederum von der negativen Auslenkung ausgeht und den Nulldurchgang 62 der Querbewegung 34 durchschreitet und dann den gleichen Maximalwert in positiver Richtung erreicht wie die Erst-Querbewegung 54.This is followed by a third transverse movement 58, which in turn starts from the negative deflection and the zero crossing 62 of the transverse movement 34 and then reaches the same maximum value in the positive direction as the first transverse movement 54.

Erfindungsgemäß sind Bewegungsrichtungswechsel der Querbewegung 34 vorgesehen.According to the invention, changes in the direction of movement of the transverse movement 34 are provided.

In dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel sind während der Lösebewegung 32 sieben Bewegungsrichtungswechsel vorgesehen.In the exemplary embodiment shown, seven changes in the direction of movement are provided during the release movement 32 .

Es versteht sich, dass jedenfalls mehr als ein Bewegungsrichtungswechsel erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen sind, beispielsweise 2, 3 oder mehrere. Es können beispielsweise auch bis zu 20 Bewegungsrichtungswechsel vorgesehen sein, oder sogar noch mehrere.It goes without saying that in any case more than one change of direction of movement is provided according to the invention, for example 2, 3 or more. For example, up to 20 changes in direction of movement can also be provided, or even more.

Gegen Ende der Lösebewegung 32 wird die Ablösegeschwindigkeit, also die Schnelligkeit der Lösebewegung 32 in Z-Richtung etwas erhöht. In diesem Zustand hat die Folie 22 nur noch ganz geringen Kontakt mit der Struktur 26, so dass geringe Haltekräfte bestehen.Towards the end of the release movement 32, the detachment speed, ie the speed of the release movement 32 in the Z direction, is increased somewhat. In this state, the film 22 has only very little contact with the structure 26, so that there are low holding forces.

In Fig. 3 ist eine demgegenüber modifizierte Steuerung dargestellt. Dort wie in den weiteren Figuren weisen gleiche Bezugszeichen auf gleiche oder entsprechende Teile hin und bedürfen keiner weiteren Erwähnung.In 3 a control modified in comparison is shown. There, as in the other figures, the same reference symbols refer to the same or corresponding parts and need no further mention.

Wie aus Fig. 3 ersichtlich ist, verläuft bei dieser Ausführungsform die Lösebewegung 32 und die sich daran anschließende Hebebewegung 50 mit zunehmender Geschwindigkeit.How out 3 As can be seen, in this embodiment the release movement 32 and the subsequent lifting movement 50 proceed with increasing speed.

Die Querbewegung 34 hat einen im wesentlichen trapezförmigen Verlauf. Zwischen den einzelnen Querbewegungen 34 ist je ein kurzer Zwischenhalt 60 eingebaut, die der Entspannung der Folie 22 dient.The transverse movement 34 has an essentially trapezoidal course. A short intermediate stop 60 is built in between each of the individual transverse movements 34 , which serves to relax the film 22 .

Die Zwischenhalte 60 sind je im maximal ausgelenkten Zustand vorgesehen, so dass in diesem Zustand die Folie 22 unter Spannung gehalten wird und sich von selbst ablöst.The intermediate supports 60 are each provided in the maximum deflected state, so that in this state the foil 22 is held under tension and detaches itself.

Es versteht sich, dass anstelle dessen beliebige andere Bewegungsformen und Bewegungszeiten möglich sind, ohne dem Bereich der Erfindung zu verlassen. Beispielsweise kann die Querbewegung 34 im Bereich des Nulldurchgangs 62 beschleunigt und bei maximaler Auslenkung 64 und 66 verlangsamt sein, ähnlich der in Fig. 3 dargestellten Sinusbewegung, aber auch in beliebiger anderer Form.It goes without saying that any other forms of movement and movement times are possible instead without departing from the scope of the invention. For example, the transverse movement 34 can be accelerated in the area of the zero crossing 62 and slowed down at maximum deflection 64 and 66, similar to that in 3 shown sinusoidal movement, but also in any other form.

Aus Fig. 4 ist eine weitere Ausführungsform der nicht erfindungsgemäßen Stereolithographie-Vorrichtung ersichtlich. Die Bauplattform 14 weist einen Vertikalantrieb auf und die Wanne 12 einen Horizontalantrieb. Entsprechend wird die Querbewegung 34 von der Wanne 12 geleistet, und die Vertikalbewegung, also zum Beispiel die Lösebewegung, von der Bauplattform 14.Out 4 a further embodiment of the stereolithography device not according to the invention can be seen. The construction platform 14 has a vertical drive and the trough 12 has a horizontal drive. Accordingly, the transverse movement 34 is performed by the trough 12, and the vertical movement, i.e. the release movement, for example, by the construction platform 14.

Die Bauplatte 16 der Bauplattform 14 trägt die bereits fertiggestellte Struktur 26.The construction panel 16 of the construction platform 14 carries the already completed structure 26.

In dem dort dargestellten Zustand ist die Belichtung der betreffenden Schicht der Struktur 20 bereits erfolgt.In the state shown there, the relevant layer of the structure 20 has already been exposed.

Die Folie 22 ist an einem Rahmen 70 an den Rändern mit der Wanne 12 verbunden und liegt im entspanntem Zustand auf der Glasplatte 20 auf, die den Boden der Wanne 12 bildet.The film 22 is connected to the trough 12 at the edges on a frame 70 and, in the relaxed state, lies on the glass plate 20 which forms the bottom of the trough 12 .

In diesem Zustand ist die Folie 22 durch die Fixierung an dem Rahmen 70 unter leichter Spannung.In this state, the film 22 is under slight tension as a result of being fixed to the frame 70 .

Wenn nun die Lösebewegung 32 eingeleitet wird, wird dieser eine Querbewegung 34 überlagert. Im dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist der Moment der abgeschlossen Hin-Querbewegung 54 dargestellt. In diesem Zustand ist die Wanne 12 nach links verschoben, bezogen auf die Darstellung gemäß Fig. 4. Die Folie 22 haftet in ihrem mittleren Bereich 72 noch an der Struktur 26. Hierdurch wird der linke Bereich 74 der Folie 22 unter Spannung gesetzt, während der rechte Bereich 76 biegeschlaff wird..Now, when the release movement 32 is initiated, a transverse movement 34 is superimposed on it. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the moment of the completed transverse movement 54 is shown. In this state, the trough 12 is shifted to the left in relation to the illustration in FIG 4 . The film 22 still adheres to the structure 26 in its middle region 72. As a result, the left-hand region 74 of the film 22 is placed under tension, while the right-hand region 76 becomes limp.

Die Spannung im Bereich 74 führt dazu, dass der sich am weitesten links erstreckende Teil des mittleren Bereichs 72 gedehnt wird. Die Struktur 26 ist andererseits deutlich weniger elastisch als die Folie 22. Dies führt zu einer Mikroverlagerung von Teilen der Folie 22 an dieser Stelle, die in Fig. 4 mit dem Bezugszeichen 78 dargestellt ist. Diese Mikrodehnung bzw. Relativbewegung in Querrichtung führt zum Beginn des Ablösens.The tension in region 74 causes the left-most portion of central region 72 to be stretched. The structure 26, on the other hand, is significantly less elastic than the foil 22. This leads to a micro-displacement of parts of the foil 22 at this point, which in 4 is shown at 78 . This microstretching or relative movement in the transverse direction leads to the start of detachment.

Durch die Überlagerung der Hin-Querbewegung 54 der Wanne 12 mit der vertikalen Lösebewegung 32 der Bauplattform 14 ergibt es sich, dass die Folie 22 zugleich einseitig, also im Bereich 74, gespannt wird und angehoben wird. An der Stelle 78 wird eine Scherkraft in die Folie 22 eingeleitet, die hinsichtlich ihrer Ausrichtung von dem in Fig. 4 eingezeichneten Winkel 80 abhängt. Dieser Scherwinkel 80 ergibt sich aus der Schrägstellung des Bereichs 74 kurz vor dem Ablösebeginn.The overlapping of the transverse movement 54 of the trough 12 with the vertical release movement 32 of the construction platform 14 results in the film 22 being stretched on one side, ie in the area 74, and being lifted at the same time. At the point 78, a shearing force is introduced into the film 22 which, in terms of its orientation, differs from that in 4 drawn angle 80 depends. This shearing angle 80 results from the inclined position of the area 74 shortly before the start of detachment.

Der betreffende Winkel kann beispielsweise zwischen 0,1 und 20° liegen, und beträgt im Beispielsfalle 3°.The angle in question can be between 0.1 and 20°, for example, and is 3° in the example.

Aus Fig. 5 ist eine schematische Ansicht der nicht erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung kurz nach dem Lösen der Folie von der Struktur ersichtlich. Die Folie 22 hat sich im betrachteten Zeitpunkt soeben von der Struktur 26 gelöst und ist im Begriff, sich in Richtung des entspannten Zustands auf der Glasplatte 20 zu bewegen.Out figure 5 1 is a schematic view of the device not according to the invention shortly after detaching the film from the structure. The film 22 has just released from the structure 26 at the point in time under consideration and is about to move towards the relaxed state on the glass plate 20 .

Wie aus Fig. 5 ersichtlich ist, ist der Kontaktbereich der Folie 22 mit der Struktur 26 (vgl. Fig. 4) nach links versetzt. Die Querbewegung 34 verläuft bei dieser Ausführungsform in einem etwas schrägen Winkel 82 von etwa 80 Grad zur Lösebewegung 32.How out figure 5 can be seen, the contact area of the film 22 with the structure 26 (cf. 4 ) offset to the left. In this embodiment, the transverse movement 34 runs at a slightly oblique angle 82 of approximately 80 degrees to the release movement 32.

Bevorzugt ist es, dass die Bauplattform 14 und die Wanne 12 zueinander orthogonal sind. Jedoch ist es im Einzelfall, in Form einer modifizierten erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung, auch möglich, zur Bereitstellung des genannten Schrägstellungswinkels von der Orthogonalität abzuweichen, bevorzugt, indem die Hubvorrichtung 28 eine schräge Ausrichtung erfährt, aber die Wanne 12, die mit flüssigem Druckmaterial gefüllt ist, horizontal verbleibt.It is preferred that the construction platform 14 and the trough 12 are orthogonal to one another. However, in individual cases, in the form of a modified configuration according to the invention, it is also possible to deviate from orthogonality in order to provide the said angle of inclination, preferably by the lifting device 28 undergoing an inclined orientation, but the trough 12, filled with liquid printing material, remains horizontal.

Claims (15)

  1. A stereolithography apparatus (10), comprising a build platform (14) and a tray (12), into which the build platform (14) can be immersed, wherein at the bottom in or on the tray (12) a light-transmissive film (22) is formed or arranged which is elastically deformable, and comprising a light source (24) or energy source underneath the film (22), wherein the tray (12) can be filled with flowable printing material (18), wherein a control apparatus (46) controls the movement of the build platform (14) relative to the film (22) and wherein the control apparatus (46) superimposes upon the substantially vertical release movement (32), which is configured as a movement of the build platform (14), between a slice of a structure (26) produced by stereolithography (10) on the build platform (34) and the film (22) an in particular translational transverse movement (34), which is configured as a movement of the tray (12), which transverse movement (34) has alternating, in particular reciprocating, movement directions, characterized in that the transverse movement (34) extends at an angle between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative to the release movement (32), wherein the angle between the transverse movement and the release movement deviates from 90 degrees.
  2. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that
    the transverse movement (34) is a periodic movement, having a movement amplitude of less than 0.03 to 2 cm, in particular 0.8 mm to 15 mm and particularly preferably about 5 mm.
  3. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control apparatus (46) controls the transverse movement (34) such that the transverse movement (34) begins with the release movement (32), in particular with a deviation of 1 second or less.
  4. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of transverse movements (34), in particular 2 to 10, preferably 3 or 4, superimposes the release movement (32).
  5. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that until the film (22) is detached from the structure (26), the release movement (32) is effected at a first speed, in particular at a substantially constant speed, and, after detachment, is effected at a second speed which is equal to the first speed or is higher than the first speed.
  6. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the transverse movement (34) includes a forward transverse movement (54) and a rearward transverse movement (56).
  7. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control apparatus (46) controls the release movement (32) such that the vertical speed initially increases and then the speed decreases.
  8. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the amplitude of the release movement (32) differs by less than half, preferably less than 1/3, from the amplitude of the transverse movement (34).
  9. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that for the transverse movement (34) a motor is connected to a crank drive which moves in particular the tray (12) and which produces the transverse movement (34) based upon an output signal from the control apparatus (46), and provides a substantially sinusoidal speed profile.
  10. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control apparatus (46) controls, between the forward transverse movement (54) and the rearward transverse movement (56), for compensating for the detachment inertia, an intermediate stop (60) of the transverse movement (34), and in particular also between the rearward transverse movement and the forward transverse movement (54), wherein in particular both intermediate stops (60) are substantially equal in length or differ in length by at most 20%.
  11. The stereolithography apparatus (10) as claimed in any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the duration of the release movement (32) is between 1 second and 30 seconds and in particular about 4 seconds and the duration of a forward transverse movement (54) is between 0.2 seconds and 8 seconds and in particular about 1 second.
  12. A method for operating a stereolithography apparatus (10), in which a build platform (14) is immersed into a tray (12) filled with flowable printing material (18), wherein at the bottom in or on the tray (12) a light-transmissive film (22) is formed and arranged, said film (22) being elastically deformable, and wherein a light source (24) or energy source is arranged underneath the film (22), wherein the movement of the build platform (14) relative to the film (22) is controlled by a control apparatus (46) and the control apparatus (46) produces a structure (26) on the build platform (14) in layers, i.e. slices, and releases the film (22) on the produced slice from the structure (26) by means of a substantially vertical release movement (32), which is configured as a movement of the build platform (14), and that the release movement (32) is superimposed with an in particular translational transverse movement (34), which is configured as a movement of the tray (12), and is effected in alternating movement directions, in particular in a periodic manner, characterized in that the transverse movement (34) extends at an angle between 60 degrees and 120 degrees relative to the release movement (32), wherein the angle between the transverse and the release movement deviates from 90 degrees.
  13. The method as claimed in claim 12, characterized in that the transverse movement (34) is effected in a forward direction and in a rearward direction and both movements take place at a sinusoidal speed.
  14. The method as claimed in claim 12 or 13, characterized in that the release movement (32) is between 1 mm and 15 mm and is preferably about 7 mm and the transverse movement (34) per period is between 0.6 mm and 10 mm, preferably about 3 mm.
  15. The method as claimed in any one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the transverse movement (34) is superimposed with the release movement (32) by the control apparatus (46) such that the release movement (32) is continued during the forward transverse movement (54), the intermediate stop (60), the rearward transverse movement (56) and the second intermediate stop (60).
EP20157407.6A 2020-02-14 2020-02-14 Stereolithography device Active EP3865281B1 (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20157407.6A EP3865281B1 (en) 2020-02-14 2020-02-14 Stereolithography device
US17/167,207 US11718039B2 (en) 2020-02-14 2021-02-04 Stereolithography apparatus with periodic, transverse movement with an amplitude of .8 to 15 millimeters
CN202110183912.7A CN113263722A (en) 2020-02-14 2021-02-10 Light-cured forming device
JP2021021353A JP7324238B2 (en) 2020-02-14 2021-02-12 Stereolithography device

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP20157407.6A EP3865281B1 (en) 2020-02-14 2020-02-14 Stereolithography device

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3865281A1 EP3865281A1 (en) 2021-08-18
EP3865281B1 true EP3865281B1 (en) 2023-01-18

Family

ID=69630144

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP20157407.6A Active EP3865281B1 (en) 2020-02-14 2020-02-14 Stereolithography device

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US11718039B2 (en)
EP (1) EP3865281B1 (en)
JP (1) JP7324238B2 (en)
CN (1) CN113263722A (en)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPWO2023027145A1 (en) 2021-08-26 2023-03-02
CN114986881B (en) * 2022-06-20 2023-03-03 深圳摩方新材科技有限公司 3D printing device and method convenient to operate

Family Cites Families (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4125534A1 (en) 1991-08-01 1993-02-18 Eos Electro Optical Syst Three=dimensional layering - in which transparent sealed cover is used over bath to allow radiation through but exclude ambient atmos.
US6289606B2 (en) * 1997-06-13 2001-09-18 Novatec, Inc. Apparatus and method for moisture control of particulate material
DE19929199A1 (en) 1999-06-25 2001-01-18 Hap Handhabungs Automatisierun Method and device for producing a three-dimensional object
US7556490B2 (en) * 2004-07-30 2009-07-07 Board Of Regents, The University Of Texas System Multi-material stereolithography
US20070299212A1 (en) * 2005-02-03 2007-12-27 Smillie Benjamin A Polymer impact modifier blend concentrate
ATE553910T1 (en) * 2007-07-04 2012-05-15 Envisiontec Gmbh METHOD AND DEVICE FOR PRODUCING A THREE-DIMENSIONAL OBJECT
US20150196955A1 (en) * 2007-10-19 2015-07-16 Gooper Hermetic Ltd. Sealing apparatus
KR20130118348A (en) * 2010-11-22 2013-10-29 이 아이 듀폰 디 네모아 앤드 캄파니 Block copolymers comprising poly(1,3-trimethylene terephthalate) and poly(1,3-trimethylene 2,6-naphthalate)
US9102475B2 (en) * 2013-10-03 2015-08-11 George H. Goater Log singulator
US10144205B2 (en) * 2014-02-20 2018-12-04 Global Filtration Systems Apparatus and method for forming three-dimensional objects using a tilting solidification substrate
CN106716574B (en) 2014-06-06 2020-10-16 东北大学 Additive manufacturing of discontinuous fiber composites using magnetic fields
WO2015200201A1 (en) 2014-06-23 2015-12-30 Carbon3D, Inc. Polyurethane resins having multiple mechanisms of hardening for use in producing three-dimensional objects
US10399272B2 (en) * 2014-10-03 2019-09-03 X Development Llc Continuous pull three-dimensional printing
RU2017146160A (en) * 2015-05-29 2019-07-02 Филипс Лайтинг Холдинг Б.В. DEVICE AND METHOD OF 3D PRINTING
FR3039437B1 (en) * 2015-07-30 2021-12-24 Michelin & Cie PROCESS FOR DRY CLEANING OF ADDITIVE MANUFACTURING TRAYS
US10569526B2 (en) 2015-08-28 2020-02-25 Formlabs, Inc. Techniques for additive fabrication process optimization and related systems and methods
JP7018395B2 (en) 2015-12-31 2022-02-10 フォームラブス,インコーポレーテッド Flexible Substrate Systems and Methods for Laminated Modeling
CN105946237B (en) * 2016-06-27 2019-02-19 西安科技大学 The method that Three-dimensional Photoelastic model is prepared using ultraviolet face exposure rapid molding device
CN106012052A (en) * 2016-08-03 2016-10-12 苏州大学附属第二医院 Device for manufacturing artificial blood vessel through combination of bio-printing and electro-spinning technologies
US10674101B2 (en) * 2016-10-28 2020-06-02 General Electric Company Imaging devices for use with additive manufacturing systems and methods of imaging a build layer
US20180257300A1 (en) 2017-03-09 2018-09-13 Applied Materials, Inc. Additive manufacturing with energy delivery system having rotating polygon and adjustment of angle of light path
WO2018187874A1 (en) * 2017-04-13 2018-10-18 3D Currax Solutions Inc. Dynamic separation systems and methods for 3d printers
CN109910283A (en) * 2017-12-12 2019-06-21 三纬国际立体列印科技股份有限公司 Three-dimensional printing device and three-dimensional printing method
WO2019130734A1 (en) * 2017-12-25 2019-07-04 コニカミノルタ株式会社 Three-dimensional shaping device and three-dimensional shaped article manufacturing method
US11872755B2 (en) 2019-05-16 2024-01-16 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Method for manufacturing product, and additive manufacturing apparatus
US11351612B2 (en) 2019-05-22 2022-06-07 Caterpillar Inc. Manufacturing support and method for additive manufacturing process

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP3865281A1 (en) 2021-08-18
US11718039B2 (en) 2023-08-08
CN113263722A (en) 2021-08-17
US20210252789A1 (en) 2021-08-19
JP2021138137A (en) 2021-09-16
JP7324238B2 (en) 2023-08-09

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
EP3433087B1 (en) Apparatus for manufacturing a three-dimensional body
AT514493B1 (en) Plant for the layered construction of a body and tub therefor
EP3865281B1 (en) Stereolithography device
DE19957370C2 (en) Method and device for coating a substrate
EP2083992B1 (en) Continuous, generative method and apparatus for the production of a three-dimensional object
DE102012021284B4 (en) Apparatus and method for the layered production of components by means of photopolymerization
WO2018162385A1 (en) Method for producing at least one recess in a material by means of electromagnetic radiation and subsequent etching process
DE19929199A1 (en) Method and device for producing a three-dimensional object
DE4125534A1 (en) Three=dimensional layering - in which transparent sealed cover is used over bath to allow radiation through but exclude ambient atmos.
EP3819100B1 (en) Method for the generative construction of shaped bodies by means of stereolithography
EP1250997A1 (en) Manufacturing device for three-dimensional object
DE4400523A1 (en) Method and device for producing a three-dimensional object
EP2940526A1 (en) Method for embossing
DE102013216540A1 (en) Transfer device and molded material
DE102008031937A1 (en) Multibeam laser device
DE29911122U1 (en) Device for producing a three-dimensional object
EP3377233A1 (en) Curtain nozzle for coating a substrate having adjustable gap width
WO2016049666A1 (en) System for the layered construction of a body and releasing device therefor
DE4208117A1 (en) DIVING DEVICE
WO2013182913A2 (en) Stereolithography system
DE4210630C2 (en) Electrode manufacturing device
EP2009674A2 (en) Device for producing and presenting fluid layers
EP2750891B1 (en) Method for producing a printing stencil for technical printing, and printing stencil for technical printing
WO1995025003A1 (en) Stereolithographic process and device for producing objects in a bath of a radiation-hardenable liquid
DE102015225300A1 (en) Methods and arrangements for reducing interfacial adhesion in photopolymerization

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE APPLICATION HAS BEEN PUBLISHED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: REQUEST FOR EXAMINATION WAS MADE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 20220217

RBV Designated contracting states (corrected)

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

RIC1 Information provided on ipc code assigned before grant

Ipc: B33Y 50/02 20150101ALI20220727BHEP

Ipc: B33Y 40/00 20200101ALI20220727BHEP

Ipc: B29C 64/255 20170101ALI20220727BHEP

Ipc: B33Y 30/00 20150101ALI20220727BHEP

Ipc: B33Y 10/00 20150101ALI20220727BHEP

Ipc: B29C 64/236 20170101ALI20220727BHEP

Ipc: B29C 64/232 20170101ALI20220727BHEP

Ipc: B29C 64/124 20170101AFI20220727BHEP

INTG Intention to grant announced

Effective date: 20220906

RIN1 Information on inventor provided before grant (corrected)

Inventor name: JUSSEL, RUDOLF

Inventor name: SENTI, THERESA SUJATA MARIA

Inventor name: EBERT, JOERG

Inventor name: BONDERER, LORENZ JOSEF

GRAS Grant fee paid

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: EPIDOSNIGR3

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: GRANT OF PATENT IS INTENDED

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: THE PATENT HAS BEEN GRANTED

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AL AT BE BG CH CY CZ DE DK EE ES FI FR GB GR HR HU IE IS IT LI LT LU LV MC MK MT NL NO PL PT RO RS SE SI SK SM TR

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: GB

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: NOT ENGLISH

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: EP

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R096

Ref document number: 502020002370

Country of ref document: DE

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: AT

Ref legal event code: REF

Ref document number: 1544457

Country of ref document: AT

Kind code of ref document: T

Effective date: 20230215

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: FG4D

Free format text: LANGUAGE OF EP DOCUMENT: GERMAN

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: LT

Ref legal event code: MG9D

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: NL

Ref legal event code: MP

Effective date: 20230118

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

P01 Opt-out of the competence of the unified patent court (upc) registered

Effective date: 20230607

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: RS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: PT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230518

Ref country code: NO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230418

Ref country code: LV

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: LT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: HR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: PL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: IS

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230518

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230419

Ref country code: FI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: DE

Ref legal event code: R097

Ref document number: 502020002370

Country of ref document: DE

Ref country code: BE

Ref legal event code: MM

Effective date: 20230228

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SM

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: RO

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: MC

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230214

Ref country code: EE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: DK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: CZ

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SK

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: IE

Ref legal event code: MM4A

26N No opposition filed

Effective date: 20231019

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SI

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 20230118

Ref country code: IE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230214

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: BE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20230228

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 20240108

Year of fee payment: 5

Ref country code: CH

Payment date: 20240301

Year of fee payment: 5

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 20240108

Year of fee payment: 5

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Payment date: 20240110

Year of fee payment: 5

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 20240129

Year of fee payment: 5