EP3406009B1 - Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug - Google Patents

Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3406009B1
EP3406009B1 EP17832910.8A EP17832910A EP3406009B1 EP 3406009 B1 EP3406009 B1 EP 3406009B1 EP 17832910 A EP17832910 A EP 17832910A EP 3406009 B1 EP3406009 B1 EP 3406009B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
housing portion
housing
spark plug
insulator
plug according
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EP17832910.8A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3406009A1 (en
Inventor
Steffen Kuhnert
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DKT Verwaltungs GmbH
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DKT Verwaltungs GmbH
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Priority to EP20198706.2A priority Critical patent/EP3771049B1/en
Publication of EP3406009A1 publication Critical patent/EP3406009A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/20—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation
    • H01T13/36—Sparking plugs characterised by features of the electrodes or insulation characterised by the joint between insulation and body, e.g. using cement
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/54—Sparking plugs having electrodes arranged in a partly-enclosed ignition chamber
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T21/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs
    • H01T21/02—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture or maintenance of spark gaps or sparking plugs of sparking plugs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a spark plug, in particular a prechamber spark plug, with a housing, a center electrode and a ground electrode.
  • the present invention also relates to a method for producing a spark plug.
  • Pre-chamber spark plugs are also known which are used in particular for internal combustion engines that operate on the principle of lean burn.
  • Pre-chamber spark plugs have a pre-chamber which interacts with the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine through transfer openings.
  • the fuel-air mixture is ignited by means of ignition sparks in the antechamber, after which the combustion continues in the form of ignition torches through the transfer openings into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, where the lean mixture, which tends to ignite, ignites.
  • a prechamber spark plug is, for example, from WO 03/071644 A1 previously known.
  • the known prechamber spark plug comprises a housing, an insulator with an internal central electrode, a prechamber in the front housing area with at least one overflow duct to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and a device for forming a spark gap.
  • the insulator is clamped in a two-part housing, the housing parts being welded to one another at the periphery.
  • the insulator is held in the housing by means of the preload that is generated by the internal stress or the shrinking process after welding.
  • a spark plug comprising a housing and an insulator with an internal central electrode is known.
  • the housing is made in one piece.
  • the insulator is inserted into the housing and the upper edge of the housing is flanged. Furthermore, a deformation area is formed on the housing.
  • the problem with this spark plug is that the flanging of the upper edge of the one-piece housing means that the housing cannot be designed in a solid manner in this area. As a result, sufficient compressive strength of the housing against the insulator cannot be achieved and there is a risk of the insulator being pushed out of the housing in the event of a particularly high pressure load.
  • the document US2863080 discloses a spark plug according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of designing and developing a spark plug in such a way that a stable and gas-tight spark plug is implemented with structurally simple means. Furthermore, a production method for a spark plug is to be specified.
  • a spark plug in particular a prechamber spark plug, with a housing, a center electrode and a ground electrode is specified, the center electrode being able to be subjected to electrical voltage via a supply line running at least partially in an insulator, and the housing consisting of a first housing part and a second housing part and accommodates at least part of the insulator and wherein the first housing part and / or the second housing part have a deformation area for bracing the insulator within the first housing part and the second housing part.
  • the housing is designed in two parts and has a deformation area which is used to brace the housing parts with the insulator. Due to the two-part design of the housing, it is possible that the combustion chamber facing away Design the housing part to be particularly solid, so that the risk of the insulator being pushed out in the event of high pressure loads is significantly reduced.
  • the deformation area it can be heated and the two housing parts can be pressed against each other, so that the deformation of the deformation area and after the deformation area has cooled, the insulator is braced in the housing. This ensures that there is constant preload around the circumference of the housing.
  • the deformation area can advantageously have a reduced cross-sectional area. This constructive measure makes it possible to process the deformation area extremely easily, namely to press the housing parts together in the heated state.
  • the insulator can be made from a ceramic, for example.
  • the first housing part and the second housing part can consist of different materials.
  • the materials can be steel, a nickel-based alloy, a copper-based alloy, etc., for example.
  • a matching of the expansion coefficients of the insulator and the housing as well as a targeted increase in the thermal conductivity can be achieved by selecting the appropriate material.
  • At least one ventilation opening can be formed on the first housing part and / or on the second housing part.
  • the vent opening has the further advantage that if the sealing function fails, the pressure can be relieved via the vent opening before the insulator is pushed out of the housing.
  • the first housing part and the second housing part can be connected to one another via a weld seam.
  • the weld seam can be produced, for example, via tungsten inert gas welding and / or a plasma welding process and / or a laser welding process.
  • an, in particular tubular, housing extension can be arranged on the housing.
  • the housing extension can be fixed to the housing, in particular the second housing part, via a welded connection.
  • the housing extension has a bushing for an ignition line and / or that an electrically insulating material is arranged between the housing extension and the ignition line, in particular with a dielectric strength of more than 5 kV / mm.
  • the electrically insulating material can be, for example, a gel, in particular a silicone gel. It can preferably be a pourable two-component mixture.
  • At least one ventilation opening can be formed on the housing extension. This also serves as a safety element, since in the event of a failure of the sealing function of the spark plug, pressure can escape through the ventilation opening before the insulator is pushed out of the housing.
  • an engagement part in particular a hexagon, for an assembly tool can be formed on the first housing part or on the housing extension.
  • a particularly robust and gas-tight spark plug can be produced by combining a two-part housing and a deformation area.
  • the deformation area is specifically heated, preferably to a temperature of over 600 ° C., and the housing parts are then pressed together.
  • the heated deformation area is deformed and, after the deformation area has cooled, the insulator is braced in the housing.
  • the deformation area can lie directly or indirectly against the insulator after pressing.
  • the housing parts can advantageously be welded to one another, for example by means of a tungsten-inert gas welding method or a plasma welding method or a laser welding method.
  • the deformation area is heated by means of inductive heating. This has the advantage that the deformation area can be heated in a targeted, annular and homogeneous manner.
  • a first embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention is shown.
  • the spark plug is designed as a prechamber spark plug, it being expressly pointed out that the spark plug according to the invention does not necessarily have to be designed as a prechamber spark plug.
  • the spark plug comprises a housing 1 which encloses part of an insulator 2.
  • the housing 1 has a first housing part 3 and a second housing part 4.
  • the housing parts 3, 4 are connected to one another via a weld 5.
  • a supply line, not shown, runs inside the insulator 2, via which the central electrode 6 can be subjected to electrical voltage.
  • the center electrode 6 is implemented in the form of two strips, each with ends curved in an arc. The ends of the strips each act as an ignition surface.
  • the first housing part 3 serves as a ground electrode 7.
  • the antechamber 8 is closed by a cap 9, with passage openings 10 in the cap 9 are formed through which the ignition torches can extend into the combustion chamber.
  • the cap 9 is connected to the first housing part 3 via a weld 5 ′.
  • a deformation area 11 is provided on the second housing part 4. To generate the deformation area 11, this area of the second housing part 4 is heated in an annular, homogeneous manner after the first housing part 3 and the second housing part 4 have been welded to one another. As soon as the deformation area 11 has a corresponding temperature - preferably above 600 ° C. - the housing parts 3, 4 are pressed against one another with a force F, preferably along the arrows shown in the figures. As a result of the cooling, the deformation region 11 shrinks, so that the insulator 2 is braced in the housing 3, 4, as is shown in the figures. In particular, it is conceivable that the deformation area 11 rests directly or indirectly on the insulator 2. It is expressly pointed out that the deformation area 11 can also be realized exclusively on the first housing part 3 or that at least one deformation area 11 can be formed on each of the two housing parts 3, 4.
  • the end of the second housing part 4 facing away from the combustion chamber is particularly solid and robust, which significantly minimizes the risk of the insulator 2 being pushed out of the housing 1, in particular in comparison to a one-piece housing that is contained therein Area is beaded.
  • a connection means 12 for connecting the supply line to an ignition system is formed.
  • a ventilation opening 13 and an engagement means 14 are also formed.
  • the attack means 14 is implemented as a hexagon.
  • a sealing ring 15, for example made of steel or copper, is provided between the first housing part 3 and the insulator 2.
  • a thread 16 and a further sealing ring 17, which seals with the combustion chamber cover are formed on the outer wall of the first housing part 3.
  • FIG. 3 and 4th another embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention is shown.
  • This corresponds essentially to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Fig. 1 and 2 , with a housing extension 18 being connected to the first housing part 3 via a weld 19.
  • An ignition line 20 runs inside the housing extension 18.
  • the area between the ignition line 20 and the tubular housing extension 18 is filled with an electrically insulating material 21, for example a silicone gel, and sealed with a sealing ring 22.
  • a passage 23 for the ignition line 20 is formed at the end of the housing extension 18 facing away from the combustion chamber.
  • an engagement means 14 for a tool and a ventilation opening 13 are formed on the housing extension 18.
  • the engagement means 14 can be a hexagon, for example, so that the spark plug can be screwed into the ignition chamber with a tool that is suitable for it.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Zündkerze, insbesondere eine Vorkammerzündkerze, mit einem Gehäuse, einer Mittelelektrode und einer Masseelektrode. Des Weiteren betrifft die vorliegende Erfindung ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze.The present invention relates to a spark plug, in particular a prechamber spark plug, with a housing, a center electrode and a ground electrode. The present invention also relates to a method for producing a spark plug.

Zündkerzen der in Rede stehenden Art sind hinlänglich aus der Praxis bekannt. Insbesondere sind auch Vorkammerzündkerzen bekannt, welche insbesondere für Verbrennungsmotoren eingesetzt werden, die nach dem Prinzip der Magerverbrennung arbeiten. Vorkammerzündkerzen weisen eine Vorkammer auf, die durch Übertrittsöffnungen mit dem Brennraum eines Verbrennungsmotors zusammenwirkt. Das Kraftstoff-Luft-Gemisch wird mittels Zündfunken in der Vorkammer gezündet, wonach sich die Verbrennung in Form von Zündfackeln durch die Übertrittsöffnungen in den Brennraum des Verbrennungsmotors fortsetzt und dort das tendenziell zündunwillige, magere Gemisch entzündet.Spark plugs of the type in question are well known from practice. In particular, prechamber spark plugs are also known which are used in particular for internal combustion engines that operate on the principle of lean burn. Pre-chamber spark plugs have a pre-chamber which interacts with the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine through transfer openings. The fuel-air mixture is ignited by means of ignition sparks in the antechamber, after which the combustion continues in the form of ignition torches through the transfer openings into the combustion chamber of the internal combustion engine, where the lean mixture, which tends to ignite, ignites.

Eine Vorkammerzündkerze ist beispielsweise aus der WO 03/071644 A1 vorbekannt. Die bekannte Vorkammerzündkerze umfasst ein Gehäuse, einen Isolator mit innenliegender Mittelelektrode, eine Vorkammer im vorderen Gehäusebereich mit mindestens einem Überströmkanal zum Brennraum eines Verbrennungsmotors sowie eine Einrichtung zur Ausbildung einer Funkenstrecke. Der Isolator ist dabei in einem zweiteiligen Gehäuse eingespannt, wobei die Gehäuseteile am Umfang miteinander verschweißt sind. Der Isolator wird über die Vorspannung in dem Gehäuse gehalten, die über die Eigenspannung bzw. den Schrumpfvorgang nach dem Schweißen erzeugt wird.A prechamber spark plug is, for example, from WO 03/071644 A1 previously known. The known prechamber spark plug comprises a housing, an insulator with an internal central electrode, a prechamber in the front housing area with at least one overflow duct to the combustion chamber of an internal combustion engine, and a device for forming a spark gap. The insulator is clamped in a two-part housing, the housing parts being welded to one another at the periphery. The insulator is held in the housing by means of the preload that is generated by the internal stress or the shrinking process after welding.

Bei einer solchen Konstruktion ist problematisch, dass die lokale, punktuelle Wärmeeinbringung während des Schweißens zu einer über den Umfang hinweg inhomogenen Vorspannung im Gehäuse und an den Dichtflächen führt. Daher treten bei entsprechenden Zündkerzen oftmals Undichtigkeiten auf, die es zu vermeiden gilt.The problem with such a construction is that the local, punctiform introduction of heat during welding leads to an inhomogeneous prestress in the housing and on the sealing surfaces over the circumference. Therefore, leaks often occur with the corresponding spark plugs, which must be avoided.

Des Weiteren ist aus der WO 2008/017069 A2 eine Zündkerze umfassend ein Gehäuse und einen Isolator mit innenliegender Mittelelektrode vorbekannt. Das Gehäuse ist dabei einteilig ausgebildet. Zur Herstellung der Zündkerze wird der Isolator in das Gehäuse eingesetzt und die obere Gehäusekante umgebördelt. Des Weiteren ist an dem Gehäuse ein Deformationsbereich ausgebildet. Bei dieser Zündkerze ist proble-matisch, dass durch das Umbördeln des oberen Randes des einteiligen Gehäuses eine massive Ausgestaltung des Gehäuses in diesem Bereich nicht möglich ist. Dadurch kann keine ausreichende Druckfestigkeit des Gehäuses gegen den Isolator erreicht werden und es besteht die Gefahr des Herausdrückens des Isolators aus dem Gehäuse bei besonders hoher Druckbelastung. Das Dokument US2863080 offenbart eine Zündkerze gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.Furthermore, from the WO 2008/017069 A2 a spark plug comprising a housing and an insulator with an internal central electrode is known. The housing is made in one piece. To manufacture the spark plug, the insulator is inserted into the housing and the upper edge of the housing is flanged. Furthermore, a deformation area is formed on the housing. The problem with this spark plug is that the flanging of the upper edge of the one-piece housing means that the housing cannot be designed in a solid manner in this area. As a result, sufficient compressive strength of the housing against the insulator cannot be achieved and there is a risk of the insulator being pushed out of the housing in the event of a particularly high pressure load. The document US2863080 discloses a spark plug according to the preamble of claim 1.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Zündkerze derart auszugestalten und weiterzubilden, dass mit konstruktiv einfachen Mitteln eine stabile und gasdichte Zündkerze realisiert ist. Des Weiteren soll ein Herstellungsverfahren für eine Zündkerze angegeben werden.The present invention is therefore based on the object of designing and developing a spark plug in such a way that a stable and gas-tight spark plug is implemented with structurally simple means. Furthermore, a production method for a spark plug is to be specified.

Erfindungsgemäß wird die voranstehende Aufgabe durch die Merkmale des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Danach ist eine Zündkerze, insbesondere eine Vorkammerzündkerze, mit einem Gehäuse, einer Mittelelektrode und einer Masseelektrode angegeben, wobei die Mittelelektrode über eine zumindest teilweise in einem Isolator verlaufende Versorgungsleitung mit elektrischer Spannung beaufschlagbar ist und wobei das Gehäuse aus einem ersten Gehäuseteil und einem zweiten Gehäuseteil besteht und zumindest einen Teil des Isolators in sich aufnimmt und wobei das erste Gehäuseteil und/oder das zweite Gehäuseteil einen Deformationsbereich zur Verspannung des Isolators innerhalb des ersten Gehäuseteils und des zweiten Gehäuseteils aufweisen.According to the invention, the above object is achieved by the features of claim 1. According to this, a spark plug, in particular a prechamber spark plug, with a housing, a center electrode and a ground electrode is specified, the center electrode being able to be subjected to electrical voltage via a supply line running at least partially in an insulator, and the housing consisting of a first housing part and a second housing part and accommodates at least part of the insulator and wherein the first housing part and / or the second housing part have a deformation area for bracing the insulator within the first housing part and the second housing part.

In erfindungsgemäßer Weise ist erkannt worden, dass eine besonders stabile und druckdichte Ausgestaltung der Zündkerze realisierbar ist, wenn das Gehäuse zweiteilig ausgebildet ist und einen Deformationsbereich aufweist, der zur Verspannung der Gehäuseteile mit dem Isolator dient. Durch die zweiteilige Ausbildung des Gehäuses ist es möglich, das dem Brennraum abgewandte Gehäuseteil besonders massiv auszugestalten, so dass die Gefahr eines Herausdrückens des Isolators bei hohen Druckbelastungen wesentlich reduziert ist. Zur Realisierung des Deformationsbereichs kann dieser erhitzt werden und können die beiden Gehäuseteile gegeneinander verpresst werden, so dass sich durch die Verformung des Deformationsbereichs und nach dem Abkühlen des Deformationsbereichs eine Verspannung des Isolators in dem Gehäuse einstellt. Somit ist gewährleistet, dass um den Umfang des Gehäuses eine konstante Vorspannung vorliegt. Dadurch ist eine über den Umfang konstante, homogene Druckverteilung in den Kontaktflächen zwischen Gehäuseteil und Isolator realisiert. Insgesamt wird eine dauerhaft gasdichte Funktion sichergestellt. Dabei ist denkbar, dass der Deformationsbereich mittelbar oder unmittelbar unter Vorspannung an dem Isolator anliegt.According to the invention, it has been recognized that a particularly stable and pressure-tight design of the spark plug can be achieved if the housing is designed in two parts and has a deformation area which is used to brace the housing parts with the insulator. Due to the two-part design of the housing, it is possible that the combustion chamber facing away Design the housing part to be particularly solid, so that the risk of the insulator being pushed out in the event of high pressure loads is significantly reduced. To implement the deformation area, it can be heated and the two housing parts can be pressed against each other, so that the deformation of the deformation area and after the deformation area has cooled, the insulator is braced in the housing. This ensures that there is constant preload around the circumference of the housing. This results in a constant, homogeneous pressure distribution over the circumference in the contact surfaces between the housing part and the insulator. Overall, a permanently gas-tight function is ensured. It is conceivable here for the deformation area to lie directly or indirectly against the insulator under prestress.

In vorteilhafter Weise kann der Deformationsbereich eine verringerte Querschnittsfläche aufweisen. Durch diese konstruktive Maßnahme ist es möglich, den Deformationsbereich äußerst einfach zu bearbeiten, nämlich im erhitzten Zustand die Gehäuseteile miteinander zu verpressen. Der Isolator kann beispielsweise aus einer Keramik hergestellt sein.The deformation area can advantageously have a reduced cross-sectional area. This constructive measure makes it possible to process the deformation area extremely easily, namely to press the housing parts together in the heated state. The insulator can be made from a ceramic, for example.

In weiter vorteilhafter Weise können der erste Gehäuseteil und der zweite Gehäuseteil aus unterschiedlichen Werkstoffen bestehen. Bei den Werkstoffen kann es sich beispielsweise um Stahl, eine Nickel-Basis-Legierung, eine KupferBasis-Legierung etc. handeln. Durch eine entsprechende Materialwahl sind eine Abstimmung der Ausdehnungskoeffizienten des Isolators und des Gehäuses sowie eine gezielte Erhöhung der Wärmeleitfähigkeit realisierbar.In a further advantageous manner, the first housing part and the second housing part can consist of different materials. The materials can be steel, a nickel-based alloy, a copper-based alloy, etc., for example. A matching of the expansion coefficients of the insulator and the housing as well as a targeted increase in the thermal conductivity can be achieved by selecting the appropriate material.

Um insbesondere während der Fertigung (Schweißen) oder im Betrieb evtl. auftretende Leckagegase abzuleiten, kann an dem ersten Gehäuseteil und/oder an dem zweiten Gehäuseteil zumindest eine Entlüftungsöffnung ausgebildet sein. Die Entlüftungsöffnung hat den weiteren Vorteil, dass bei einem Versagen der Dichtfunktion der Druck über die Entlüftungsöffnung abbaubar ist, bevor es zu einem Ausdrücken des Isolators aus dem Gehäuse kommt.In order to discharge any leakage gases that may occur during manufacture (welding) or during operation, at least one ventilation opening can be formed on the first housing part and / or on the second housing part. The vent opening has the further advantage that if the sealing function fails, the pressure can be relieved via the vent opening before the insulator is pushed out of the housing.

In besonders vorteilhafter Weise können das erste Gehäuseteil und das zweite Gehäuseteil über eine Schweißnaht miteinander verbunden sein. Die Schweißnaht kann beispielsweise über Wolfram-Inertgasschweißen und/oder ein Plasmaschweißverfahren und/oder ein Laserschweißverfahren hergestellt sein.In a particularly advantageous manner, the first housing part and the second housing part can be connected to one another via a weld seam. The weld seam can be produced, for example, via tungsten inert gas welding and / or a plasma welding process and / or a laser welding process.

In vorteilhafter Weise kann an dem Gehäuse eine, insbesondere rohrförmige, Gehäuseverlängerung angeordnet sein. Die Gehäuseverlängerung kann an dem Gehäuse, insbesondere dem zweiten Gehäuseteil, über eine Schweißverbindung festgelegt sein. Weiterhin ist denkbar, dass die Gehäuseverlängerung eine Durchführung für eine Zündleitung aufweist und/oder dass zwischen der Gehäuseverlängerung und der Zündleitung ein elektrisch isolierendes Material angeordnet ist, insbesondere mit einer Durchschlagfestigkeit von über 5 kV/mm. Das elektrisch isolierende Material kann beispielsweise ein Gel, insbesondere ein Silikongel sein. Vorzugsweise kann es sich dabei um eine gießbare Zwei-Komponenten-Mischung handeln.In an advantageous manner, an, in particular tubular, housing extension can be arranged on the housing. The housing extension can be fixed to the housing, in particular the second housing part, via a welded connection. It is also conceivable that the housing extension has a bushing for an ignition line and / or that an electrically insulating material is arranged between the housing extension and the ignition line, in particular with a dielectric strength of more than 5 kV / mm. The electrically insulating material can be, for example, a gel, in particular a silicone gel. It can preferably be a pourable two-component mixture.

Um während der Fertigung oder im Betrieb der Zündkerze auftretende Leckagegase abzuleiten, kann an der Gehäuseverlängerung zumindest eine Entlüftungsöffnung ausgebildet sein. Diese dient des Weiteren als Sicherheitselement, da durch die Entlüftungsöffnung im Falle eines Versagens der Dichtfunktion der Zündkerze Druck entweichen kann, bevor es zu einem Ausdrücken des Isolators aus dem Gehäuse kommt.In order to discharge any leakage gases occurring during manufacture or during operation of the spark plug, at least one ventilation opening can be formed on the housing extension. This also serves as a safety element, since in the event of a failure of the sealing function of the spark plug, pressure can escape through the ventilation opening before the insulator is pushed out of the housing.

Gemäß einer weiter vorteilhaften Ausgestaltung kann an dem ersten Gehäuseteil oder an der Gehäuseverlängerung ein Angriffsmitteil, insbesondere ein Sechskant, für ein Montagewerkzeug ausgebildet sein. Bei einer Realisierung des Angriffsmittels an dem ersten Gehäuseteil, der dem Brennraum zugewandt ist, wird die Verbindung zwischen dem ersten und dem zweiten Gehäuseteil beim Eindrehen der Zündkerze nicht belastet, so dass keine Gefahr von Beschädigungen der Verbindung besteht.According to a further advantageous embodiment, an engagement part, in particular a hexagon, for an assembly tool can be formed on the first housing part or on the housing extension. When the engagement means is implemented on the first housing part facing the combustion chamber, the connection between the first and second housing parts is not stressed when the spark plug is screwed in, so that there is no risk of damage to the connection.

Die hier zugrundeliegende Aufgabe wird des Weiteren durch das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren gemäß Anspruch 11 gelöst. Danach ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Zündkerze, insbesondere einer Vorkammerzündkerze, vorzugsweise nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 10, mit den folgenden Verfahrensschritten angegeben:

  • Anordnen zumindest eines Bereichs eines Isolators in einem ersten Gehäuseteil und einem zweiten Gehäuseteil,
  • Verbinden des ersten Gehäuseteils mit dem zweiten Gehäuseteil,
  • Erhitzen eines Deformationsbereichs des ersten Gehäuseteils und/oder des zweiten Gehäuseteils, vorzugsweise auf über 600°C, und Verpressen des ersten Gehäuseteils und des zweiten Gehäuseteils gegeneinander.
The object on which this is based is also achieved by the method according to the invention according to claim 11. Then there is a method for producing a spark plug, in particular one Pre-chamber spark plug, preferably according to one of claims 1 to 10, with the following process steps:
  • Arranging at least one area of an insulator in a first housing part and a second housing part,
  • Connecting the first housing part to the second housing part,
  • Heating a deformation area of the first housing part and / or the second housing part, preferably to over 600 ° C., and pressing the first housing part and the second housing part against one another.

In erfindungsgemäßer Weise ist erkannt worden, dass durch die Kombination eines zweiteilig ausgebildeten Gehäuse und eines Deformationsbereichs eine besonders robuste und gasdichte Zündkerze herstellbar ist. Dazu wird nach dem Verbinden der Gehäuseteile der Deformationsbereich gezielt erhitzt, vorzugsweise auf eine Temperatur von über 600°C, und werden die Gehäuseteile sodann miteinander verpresst. Dadurch verformt sich der erhitze Deformationsbereich und stellt sich nach dem Abkühlen des Deformationsbereichs eine Verspannung des Isolators in dem Gehäuse ein. In besonders vorteilhafter Weise kann der Deformationsbereich nach dem Verpressen mittelbar oder unmittelbar unter Vorspannung an dem Isolator anliegen.According to the invention, it has been recognized that a particularly robust and gas-tight spark plug can be produced by combining a two-part housing and a deformation area. For this purpose, after the housing parts have been connected, the deformation area is specifically heated, preferably to a temperature of over 600 ° C., and the housing parts are then pressed together. As a result, the heated deformation area is deformed and, after the deformation area has cooled, the insulator is braced in the housing. In a particularly advantageous manner, the deformation area can lie directly or indirectly against the insulator after pressing.

In vorteilhafter Weise können die Gehäuseteile miteinander verschweißt werden, beispielsweise mittels eines Wolfram-Inertgas-Schweißverfahrens oder eines Plasmaschweißverfahrens oder eines Laserschweißverfahrens.The housing parts can advantageously be welded to one another, for example by means of a tungsten-inert gas welding method or a plasma welding method or a laser welding method.

Des Weiteren ist denkbar, dass der Deformationsbereich mittels induktiver Erwärmung erhitzt wird. Dies hat den Vorteil, dass der Deformationsbereich gezielt ringförmig und homogen erwärmt werden kann.It is also conceivable that the deformation area is heated by means of inductive heating. This has the advantage that the deformation area can be heated in a targeted, annular and homogeneous manner.

Es gibt nun verschiedene Möglichkeiten, die Lehre der vorliegenden Erfindung in vorteilhafter Weise auszugestalten und weiterzubilden. Dazu ist einerseits auf die den Ansprüchen 1 und 10 nachgeordneten Ansprüche und andererseits auf die nachfolgende Erläuterung bevorzugter Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung zu verweisen. In Verbindung mit der Erläuterung der bevorzugten Ausführungsbeispiele der Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung werden auch im Allgemeinen bevorzugte Ausgestaltungen und Weiterbildungen der Lehre erläutert. In der Zeichnung zeigen

Fig. 1
in einer schematischen, teilweise geschnittenen Darstellung ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze
Fig. 2
in einer schematischen Seitenansicht die Zündkerze gemäß Fig. 1,
Fig. 3
in einer schematischen, geschnittenen Darstellung ein zweites Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze und
Fig. 4
in einer schematischen Darstellung einen vergrößerten Ausschnitt aus Fig. 4.
There are now various possibilities for designing and developing the teaching of the present invention in an advantageous manner. For this purpose, on the one hand, reference is made to the claims subordinate to claims 1 and 10 and, on the other hand, to the following explanation of preferred exemplary embodiments of the invention based on the drawing. In connection with the explanation of the preferred Embodiments of the invention based on the drawing are also generally preferred configurations and developments of the teaching are explained. Show in the drawing
Fig. 1
in a schematic, partially sectioned illustration, a first embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention
Fig. 2
in a schematic side view the spark plug according to FIG Fig. 1 ,
Fig. 3
in a schematic, sectional illustration a second embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention and
Fig. 4
an enlarged section in a schematic representation Fig. 4 .

In den Fig. 1 und 2 ist ein erstes Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze dargestellt. Die Zündkerze ist dabei als Vorkammerzündkerze ausgebildet, wobei ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen wird, dass die erfindungsgemäße Zündkerze nicht zwangsweise als Vorkammerzündkerze ausgebildet sein muss.In the Fig. 1 and 2 a first embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention is shown. The spark plug is designed as a prechamber spark plug, it being expressly pointed out that the spark plug according to the invention does not necessarily have to be designed as a prechamber spark plug.

Die Zündkerze umfasst ein Gehäuse 1, das einen Teil eines Isolators 2 umschließt. Das Gehäuse 1 weist einen ersten Gehäuseteil 3 und einen zweiten Gehäuseteil 4 auf. Die Gehäuseteile 3, 4 sind über eine Schweißnaht 5 miteinander verbunden. Innerhalb des Isolators 2 verläuft eine nicht dargestellte Versorgungsleitung, über welche die Mittelelektrode 6 mit elektrischer Spannung beaufschlagbar ist.The spark plug comprises a housing 1 which encloses part of an insulator 2. The housing 1 has a first housing part 3 and a second housing part 4. The housing parts 3, 4 are connected to one another via a weld 5. A supply line, not shown, runs inside the insulator 2, via which the central electrode 6 can be subjected to electrical voltage.

Die Mittelelektrode 6 ist im hier darstellten Ausführungsbeispiel in Form von zwei Streifen mit jeweils bogenförmig gekrümmten Enden realisiert. Die Enden der Streifen wirken dabei jeweils als Zündfläche. Das erste Gehäuseteil 3 dient in dem dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel als Masseelektrode 7. Die Vorkammer 8 wird von einer Kappe 9 abgeschlossen, wobei in der Kappe 9 Übertrittsöffnungen 10 ausgebildet sind, durch welche sich die Zündfackeln in den Brennraum erstrecken können. Die Kappe 9 ist über eine Schweißnaht 5' mit dem ersten Gehäuseteil 3 verbunden.In the exemplary embodiment shown here, the center electrode 6 is implemented in the form of two strips, each with ends curved in an arc. The ends of the strips each act as an ignition surface. In the exemplary embodiment shown, the first housing part 3 serves as a ground electrode 7. The antechamber 8 is closed by a cap 9, with passage openings 10 in the cap 9 are formed through which the ignition torches can extend into the combustion chamber. The cap 9 is connected to the first housing part 3 via a weld 5 ′.

An dem zweiten Gehäuseteil 4 ist ein Deformationsbereich 11 vorgesehen. Zur Erzeugung des Deformationsbereichs 11 wird dieser Bereich des zweiten Gehäuseteils 4 ringförmig, homogen erwärmt, nachdem der erste Gehäuseteil 3 und der zweite Gehäuseteil 4 miteinander verschweißt worden sind. Sobald der Deformationsbereich 11 eine entsprechende Temperatur - vorzugsweise von über 600°C - aufweist, werden die Gehäuseteile 3, 4 mit einer Kraft F gegeneinander verpresst, vorzugsweise entlang der in den Figuren dargestellten Pfeile. Durch das Abkühlen schrumpft der Deformationsbereich 11, so dass sich eine Verspannung des Isolators 2 im Gehäuse 3, 4 einstellt, wie dies in den Figuren dargestellt ist. Insbesondere ist denkbar, dass der Deformationsbereich 11 mittelbar oder unmittelbar an dem Isolator 2 anliegt. Es wird ausdrücklich darauf hingewiesen, dass der Deformationsbereich 11 auch ausschließlich an dem ersten Gehäuseteil 3 realisiert sein kann oder dass an beiden Gehäuseteilen 3, 4 jeweils mindestens ein Deformationsbereich 11 ausgebildet sein kann.A deformation area 11 is provided on the second housing part 4. To generate the deformation area 11, this area of the second housing part 4 is heated in an annular, homogeneous manner after the first housing part 3 and the second housing part 4 have been welded to one another. As soon as the deformation area 11 has a corresponding temperature - preferably above 600 ° C. - the housing parts 3, 4 are pressed against one another with a force F, preferably along the arrows shown in the figures. As a result of the cooling, the deformation region 11 shrinks, so that the insulator 2 is braced in the housing 3, 4, as is shown in the figures. In particular, it is conceivable that the deformation area 11 rests directly or indirectly on the insulator 2. It is expressly pointed out that the deformation area 11 can also be realized exclusively on the first housing part 3 or that at least one deformation area 11 can be formed on each of the two housing parts 3, 4.

Aufgrund der zweiteiligen Ausgestaltung des Gehäuses 1 ist das dem Brennraum abgewandte Ende des zweiten Gehäuseteils 4 besonders massiv und robust ausgebildet, wodurch die Gefahr des Herausdrückens des Isolators 2 aus dem Gehäuse 1 erheblich minimiert wird, insbesondere im Vergleich zu einem einteiligen Gehäuse, dass in diesem Bereich umgebördelt ist. An dem dem Brennraum abgewandten Ende des Isolators 2 ist ein Anschlussmittel 12 zur Verbindung der Versorgungsleitung mit einer Zündanlage ausgebildet. An dem zweiten Gehäuseteil 4 sind des Weiteren eine Entlüftungsöffnung 13 sowie ein Angriffsmittel 14 ausgebildet. Das Angriffsmittel 14 ist als Sechskant realisiert. Zwischen dem ersten Gehäuseteil 3 und dem Isolator 2 ist ein Dichtring 15, beispielsweise aus Stahl oder Kupfer, vorgesehen. Zusätzlich sind an der äußeren Wandung des ersten Gehäuseteils 3 ein Gewinde 16 und ein weiterer Dichtring 17 ausgebildet, der mit dem Brennraumdeckel abdichtet.Due to the two-part design of the housing 1, the end of the second housing part 4 facing away from the combustion chamber is particularly solid and robust, which significantly minimizes the risk of the insulator 2 being pushed out of the housing 1, in particular in comparison to a one-piece housing that is contained therein Area is beaded. At the end of the insulator 2 facing away from the combustion chamber, a connection means 12 for connecting the supply line to an ignition system is formed. On the second housing part 4, a ventilation opening 13 and an engagement means 14 are also formed. The attack means 14 is implemented as a hexagon. A sealing ring 15, for example made of steel or copper, is provided between the first housing part 3 and the insulator 2. In addition, a thread 16 and a further sealing ring 17, which seals with the combustion chamber cover, are formed on the outer wall of the first housing part 3.

In den Fig. 3 und 4 ist ein weitere Ausführungsbeispiel einer erfindungsgemäßen Zündkerze dargestellt. Diese entspricht im Wesentlichen dem Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß den Fig. 1 und 2, wobei mit dem ersten Gehäuseteil 3 eine Gehäuseverlängerung 18 über eine Schweißnaht 19 verbunden ist. Innerhalb der Gehäuseverlängerung 18 verläuft eine Zündleitung 20. Der Bereich zwischen der Zündleitung 20 und der rohrförmigen Gehäuseverlängerung 18 ist mit einem elektrisch isolierenden Material 21, beispielsweise einem Silikongel, aufgefüllt und mit einem Dichtring 22 abgedichtet. An dem dem Brennraum abgewandten Ende der Gehäuseverlängerung 18 ist eine Durchführung 23 für die Zündleitung 20 ausgebildet. Des Weiteren ist an der Gehäuseverlängerung 18 ein Angriffsmittel 14 für ein Werkzeug sowie eine Entlüftungsöffnung 13 ausgebildet. Bei dem Angriffsmittel 14 kann es sich beispielsweise um einen Sechskant handeln, so dass die Zündkerze mit einem damit passenden Werkzeug in den Zündraum einschraubbar ist.In the Fig. 3 and 4th another embodiment of a spark plug according to the invention is shown. This corresponds essentially to the exemplary embodiment according to FIG Fig. 1 and 2 , with a housing extension 18 being connected to the first housing part 3 via a weld 19. An ignition line 20 runs inside the housing extension 18. The area between the ignition line 20 and the tubular housing extension 18 is filled with an electrically insulating material 21, for example a silicone gel, and sealed with a sealing ring 22. At the end of the housing extension 18 facing away from the combustion chamber, a passage 23 for the ignition line 20 is formed. Furthermore, an engagement means 14 for a tool and a ventilation opening 13 are formed on the housing extension 18. The engagement means 14 can be a hexagon, for example, so that the spark plug can be screwed into the ignition chamber with a tool that is suitable for it.

Zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen wird des Weiteren auf die Beschreibung der Fig. 1 und 2 verwiesen, wobei in den Fig. 3 und 4 zur besseren Übersicht die die Richtung der Kraft F darstellenden Pfeile nicht enthalten sind.To avoid repetition, please refer to the description of the Fig. 1 and 2 referenced, with the Fig. 3 and 4th for a better overview the arrows representing the direction of the force F are not included.

Hinsichtlich weiterer vorteilhafter Ausgestaltungen der erfindungsgemäßen Vorrichtung und des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens wird zur Vermeidung von Wiederholungen auf den allgemeinen Teil der Beschreibung sowie auf die beigefügten Ansprüche verwiesen.With regard to further advantageous embodiments of the device according to the invention and the method according to the invention, reference is made to the general part of the description and to the appended claims to avoid repetition.

BezugszeichenlisteList of reference symbols

11
Gehäusecasing
22
Isolatorinsulator
33
erstes Gehäuseteilfirst housing part
44th
zweites Gehäuseteilsecond housing part
5,5'5.5 '
SchweißnahtWeld
66th
MittelelektrodeCenter electrode
77th
MasseelektrodeGround electrode
88th
VorkammerAntechamber
99
Kappecap
1010
ÜbertrittsöffnungenTransfer openings
1111
DeformationsbereichDeformation area
1212
AnschlussmittelConnection means
1313th
EntlüftungsöffnungVent
1414th
AngriffsmittelMeans of attack
1515th
DichtringSealing ring
1616
Gewindethread
1717th
DichtringSealing ring
1818th
GehäuseverlängerungHousing extension
1919th
SchweißnahtWeld
2020th
ZündleitungIgnition cable
2121st
elektrisch isolierendes Materialelectrically insulating material
2222nd
DichtringSealing ring
2323
Durchführungexecution

Claims (13)

  1. Spark plug, in particular pre-chamber spark plug, having a housing (1), a central electrode (6) and an earth electrode (7), wherein the central electrode (6) can be acted on with electrical voltage via a supply line which extends at least partially in an insulator (2) and wherein the housing (1) comprises a first housing portion (3) and a second housing portion (4) and receives at least a portion of the insulator (2) therein and wherein the second housing portion (4) facing away from a combustion chamber has a deformation region (11) in order to tension the insulator (2) inside the first housing portion (3) and the second housing portion (4), wherein the deformation region (11) is produced by heating and compressing the first housing portion (3) and the second housing portion (4) in the axial direction, characterised in that the end of the second housing portion (4) facing away from the combustion chamber is constructed to be solid and in that the second housing portion engages behind the insulator (2) with the end thereof facing away from the combustion chamber.
  2. Spark plug according to claim 1, characterised in that the deformation region (11) in contrast to the end of the second housing portion (4), which end is constructed to be solid and faces away from the combustion chamber, has a reduced cross-sectional surface-area.
  3. Spark plug according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterised in that the first housing portion (3) and the second housing portion (4) comprise different materials.
  4. Spark plug according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that at least one ventilation opening (13) is formed in the first housing portion (3) and/or in the second housing portion (4).
  5. Spark plug according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the first housing portion (3) and the second housing portion (4) are connected to each other by means of a weld seam (5).
  6. Spark plug according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterised in that an in particular tubular housing extension (18) is arranged on the housing (3, 4).
  7. Spark plug according to claim 6, characterised in that the housing extension (18) is welded to the housing (3, 4).
  8. Spark plug according to claim 6 or 7, characterised in that the housing extension (18) has a leadthrough (23) for an ignition cable (20).
  9. Spark plug according to any one of claims 6 to 8, characterised in that at least one ventilation opening (13) is formed on the housing extension (18).
  10. Spark plug according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterised in that an engagement means (14), in particular a hexagonal member, for an assembly tool is formed on the first housing portion (3) or on the housing extension (18).
  11. Method for producing a spark plug, in particular a pre-chamber spark plug, preferably according to any one of claims 1 to 10, having the following method steps:
    - arranging at least one region of an insulator (2) in a first housing portion (3) and a second housing portion (4) so that the solid end of the second housing portion (4) facing away from the combustion chamber engages behind the insulator (2),
    - connecting the first housing portion (3) to the second housing portion (4),
    - heating a deformation region (11) of the first housing portion (3) and/or the second housing portion (4), preferably to above 600°C, and compressing the first housing portion (3) and the second housing portion (4) against each other in the axial direction so that the insulator (2) is tensioned inside the first housing portion (3) and the second housing portion (4).
  12. Method according to claim 11, characterised in that the housing portions (3, 4) are welded to each other, for example, by means of a tungsten inert gas welding method or a plasma welding method or a laser welding method.
  13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterised in that the deformation region (11) is heated by means of inductive heating.
EP17832910.8A 2017-02-13 2017-12-08 Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug Active EP3406009B1 (en)

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DE102017202238.8A DE102017202238B3 (en) 2017-02-13 2017-02-13 Spark plug and a method of making a spark plug
PCT/DE2017/200132 WO2018145679A1 (en) 2017-02-13 2017-12-08 Spark plug and method for producing a spark plug

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DE102018206784A1 (en) * 2018-05-03 2019-11-07 Robert Bosch Gmbh Prechamber spark plug
JP7494617B2 (en) 2020-07-22 2024-06-04 株式会社デンソー Spark plug for internal combustion engine and manufacturing method thereof
JP7468257B2 (en) 2020-09-02 2024-04-16 株式会社デンソー Spark plug for internal combustion engine and internal combustion engine equipped with same
DE102021203101A1 (en) 2021-03-29 2022-09-29 Dkt Verwaltungs-Gmbh Spark plug and a method of manufacturing a spark plug
US11569640B2 (en) 2021-06-23 2023-01-31 Caterpillar Inc. Spark plug

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DE889386C (en) * 1948-12-04 1953-09-10 Gen Motors Corp Spark plug for internal combustion engines
US2863080A (en) * 1955-04-15 1958-12-02 Gen Motors Corp Spark plug and method for making same
ATE330348T1 (en) * 2002-02-22 2006-07-15 Dieter Dr Kuhnert PRECHAMBER SPARK PLUG AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE SAME
DK1385242T3 (en) * 2002-07-22 2005-06-06 Jenbacher Ag spark plugs
WO2008017069A2 (en) * 2006-08-03 2008-02-07 Federal-Mogul Corporation One piece shell high thread spark plug
DE102006043593B3 (en) * 2006-09-16 2008-04-10 Multitorch Gmbh spark plug
US8030831B1 (en) * 2010-04-01 2011-10-04 Fram Group Ip Llc High thread spark plug with undercut insulator
JP2017004882A (en) * 2015-06-15 2017-01-05 富士重工業株式会社 Ignition plug

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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WO2018145679A1 (en) 2018-08-16
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DE102017202238B3 (en) 2018-02-08
EP3771049B1 (en) 2022-06-22

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