EP2019396B1 - Electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils - Google Patents
Electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils Download PDFInfo
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- EP2019396B1 EP2019396B1 EP08354047.6A EP08354047A EP2019396B1 EP 2019396 B1 EP2019396 B1 EP 2019396B1 EP 08354047 A EP08354047 A EP 08354047A EP 2019396 B1 EP2019396 B1 EP 2019396B1
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- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 92
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 13
- 230000001276 controlling effect Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims description 9
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000008859 change Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000033228 biological regulation Effects 0.000 description 10
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 10
- 230000003071 parasitic effect Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000006677 Appel reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000014759 maintenance of location Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003990 capacitor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000001419 dependent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001514 detection method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003042 antagnostic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002939 deleterious effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005347 demagnetization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000017525 heat dissipation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005457 optimization Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002123 temporal effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008646 thermal stress Effects 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
- H01F7/1827—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current by changing number of serially-connected turns or windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
- H01F7/1833—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current by changing number of parallel-connected turns or windings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F2007/1888—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings using pulse width modulation
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1805—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current
- H01F7/1811—Circuit arrangements for holding the operation of electromagnets or for holding the armature in attracted position with reduced energising current demagnetising upon switching off, removing residual magnetism
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprising a magnetic circuit formed by a ferromagnetic yoke extending along a longitudinal axis, and a movable ferromagnetic core mounted to slide axially along the longitudinal axis of the yoke.
- the actuator comprises at least two coils and means for switching the coils from a series position to a parallel position and vice versa.
- windings for the phases of calling and maintaining an electromagnetic actuator. Indeed, the optimization of the energy operation of the electromagnetic actuators is often taken into account at the time of their design.
- a known principle is to use a first type of winding at the time of the call phase and a second winding during the holding phase. The use of several specific windings is described in the state of the art, in particular in the following patents FR2290009 , US4227231 , US4609965 , EP1009003 .
- the winding used for the call phase is sized to support the bulk of the calling power and the winding used for the holding phase is intended to provide the only ampere turns required to maintain the core in the closed position .
- Each of the windings is put into service according to the position of the core.
- pulsed currents as described in the document of the state of the art EP0998623 does not allow to obtain a regulation of the electric current in the or coils and maintain said current complies with a setpoint.
- the use of pulsed currents does not achieve a satisfactory level of regulation.
- the use of pulsed current involves a fixed and unmodulated duty cycle depending on the voltage. The current is either directly a function of the voltage or linked to the voltage by a fixed ratio. There is therefore no decoupling between the voltage and the current. Independence between control voltage and current is not possible.
- DE 197 41 570 A1 discloses an electromagnetic actuator having two coils which are controlled in parallel mode separately by two transistors and in series mode by a single transistor.
- the invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide an electromagnetic actuator with high energy efficiency.
- the electromagnetic actuator comprises control means comprising means for regulating the electric current flowing in said at least two coils, call means arranged to control the voltage supplied to said at least two coils during a closing operation of the actuator, and controlling the switching means to place said at least two coils in parallel mode to generate a first magnetic call flow to close the actuator.
- the control means comprise holding means arranged to control the current supplied to said at least two coils during a holding operation of the actuator in the closed position and to control the switching means to place said at least two windings in series mode to generate a second magnetic flux maintenance.
- the regulation means comprise a comparator comparing the value of an electric current flowing through said at least two windings to a setpoint, said comparator being connected to a corrector associated with an amplifier controlling a switch.
- the regulation means comprises a control means for modulating the supply voltage of said at least two windings according to PWM type pulse width modulation.
- the electromagnetic actuator comprises first and second coils.
- the switching means comprise a first opening means connected in series between a first terminal of the first coil and a first voltage supply terminal, a second terminal of the first coil being connected to a second terminal of the first coil. voltage supply through the control transistor.
- the switching means comprise a second opening means connected in series between the second terminal of the first coil and a second terminal of the second coil, the second coil having a first terminal connected to the first voltage supply terminal and the second terminal. connected to the second voltage supply terminal through the second opening means and the series control transistor.
- a third opening means is directly connected in series between second terminal of the second winding and the first terminal of the first winding.
- At least one freewheel diode is connected in parallel and in reverse between the second terminal of the first coil and the first terminal of the second coil.
- the three opening means are arranged to receive commands from the call or hold means so as to be placed respectively in an open or closed state, the windings being in series mode when the first and second means of opening have opened and the third opening means is closed, the coils being in parallel mode when the first and second opening means are closed and the third opening means is open.
- the control means comprise measuring means for detecting the current flowing through the two coils.
- control means comprise dropout means arranged so as to control a counter-voltage supplied to the two coils, and control the switching means to place the two coils in parallel mode to generate a third. magnetic flux of fallout to open the actuator.
- the dropout means comprise a fourth opening means connected in series with the freewheel diode, a Zener diode connected in parallel and in reverse across the freewheeling diode, the fourth opening means being arranged to be controlled by the control sub-unit so as to be in an open state and disconnect the freewheeling diode, a counter-voltage being applied across the windings.
- control means comprise voltage measuring means able to detect the voltage between the first and second voltage supply terminals before the closing operation, and to control the voltage supplied to the coils according to the voltage detected during the closing operation.
- the electromagnetic actuator comprises first and second coils having the same ohmic resistance.
- the coils are identical and have the same inductance and the same number of turns.
- the coils are arranged on two separate coils.
- the coils are cylindrical and aligned along the same longitudinal axis.
- the electromagnetic actuator comprises test means cyclically controlling the change. configuration of said at least two coils during the holding phase, the test means sending commands to switching means for temporarily placing said at least two coils in parallel.
- the electromagnetic actuator comprises a fixed magnetic circuit of ferromagnetic material.
- the magnetic circuit comprises a ferromagnetic yoke 2 extending along a longitudinal axis Y.
- a movable ferromagnetic core 3 is placed opposite the cylinder head. Said core is mounted to slide axially along the longitudinal axis Y of the yoke.
- the electromagnetic actuator comprises at least two windings L1, L2. Said at least two coils preferably extend along the longitudinal axis Y.
- the actuator is of type E. It may be envisaged other plunger actuator geometry such as actuators type U.
- the actuators may or may not include polar expansion or permanent magnets.
- the actuator comprises first and second coils L1, L2.
- Switching means 10 place said at least two windings L1, L2 in series or parallel depending on the operating phase of the actuator.
- Said at least two windings L1, L2 are connected in parallel during a call phase during which the farm actuator. During a closing operation of the actuator, said at least two windings L1, L2 generate a first call magnetic flux ⁇ call to move the mobile core 3 from a first position P1 to a second position P2.
- Said at least two coils are connected in series during a holding phase during which the actuator is held in a position of closing.
- Said at least two windings L1, L2 generate a second holding magnetic flux ⁇ holding to keep the core 16 mobile in its second position P2.
- Control means 20 control the switching means 10 to place the at least two windings L1, L2 in parallel mode or in series mode.
- Control means 20 comprise means 22 for regulating the electric current flowing in the at least two windings L1, L2.
- control means 20 regulate the electric current I flowing in the two windings L1, L2 of the actuator. This temporal regulation is preferably dependent on a setpoint that can be a function of several parameters taken alone or in combination.
- the setpoint can be set according to a current profile defined according to its evolution as a function of time.
- the setpoint can be set according to a time constant. A sudden transition between the call and hold phase is then observed after a predetermined time.
- the setpoint can be set according to the position of the moving armature. A sudden transition between the call and hold phase is then observed when the moving armature of the actuator has reached a determined position.
- the setpoint can also be set according to the desired closing time. This closing time is dependent on the power of the source on the call. This constraint can then have an impact on the consumption in the maintenance phase. The limitation of the consumption during the holding phase makes it possible to limit the heat dissipation.
- a corrector 223 which may be for example a PID (Proportional Integral Derivative) type regulator.
- the PID regulator is a control device allowing to carry out a closed-loop control of the actuator, the control having to operate even if the environmental conditions change, in particular when the supply voltage of the actuator is changed.
- the regulator is associated with an amplifier 224 which may for example be a pulse width modulation PWM (Pulse Width Modulation) type amplifier.
- the amplifier controls a switch 226. This modulation of the width of the pulses as a function of the voltage makes it possible to adjust the value of the current to the nearest of the setpoint.
- the actual current flowing through said at least two windings L1, L2 is measured by a sensor 225.
- a comparator 222 compares the value of said actual current with the setpoint.
- the current sensor 225 may for example be a measuring shunt such as a resistor R1 placed in series with said at least two windings L1, L2.
- the known value resistance is preferably low.
- the regulation means 22 can reproducibly provide a stable electrical current. As shown on the Figure 7B , the electric current is then independent of the voltage and temperature variations. An actuator operating in a wide range of voltage is then obtained with a window of regulated currents as wide as possible. In addition, the operation is relatively insensitive to the conditions of use. The only limitations concern the specific limits of PWM type control. The regulation is indeed limited in a certain voltage range between a minimum value and a maximum value.
- the regulation means 22 comprises a control transistor TC for modulating the voltage supplied to said at least two windings L1, L2 according to PWM type pulse width modulation.
- the coil current measurement is performed via the resistor R1 associated with a filter capacitor.
- the measure is then compared that attacks a comparator to modulate the PWM and allow to obtain a regulation of the current.
- the control means 20 comprise call means 23B, 24, 21, 22 arranged to control the voltage supplied to said at least two windings L1, L2 during a closing operation of the actuator.
- the control means 20 comprise holding means 23B, 24, 21, 22 arranged to control the electric current supplied to said at least two windings L1, L2 during a holding operation of the actuator in the closed position.
- the switching means 10 comprise a first opening means T1 connected in series between a first terminal L1a of the first coil L1 and a first voltage supply terminal A.
- a second terminal L1b of the first coil L1 is connected to a second voltage supply terminal B through a control transistor TC regulating means 22.
- the switching means 10 comprise a second opening means T2 connected in series between the second terminal L1b of the first coil L1 and a second terminal L2b of the second coil L2.
- Said second winding L2 has a first terminal L2a connected to the first voltage supply terminal A and the second terminal L2b connected to the second voltage supply terminal B through the second opening means T2 and the control transistor TC in series.
- a third opening means T3 is directly connected in series between the second terminal L2b of the second coil L2 and the first terminal L1a of the first coil L1.
- at least one freewheeling diode D2 is connected in parallel and in reverse between the second terminal L1b of the first coil L1 and the first terminal L2a of the second coil L2. The diode D2 is therefore not busy when the first voltage supply terminal A is powered with a positive voltage.
- the three opening means T1, T2, T3 are arranged to receive commands from a control sub-unit 24 so as to be placed respectively in an open and closed state and vice versa.
- the windings L1, L2 are in series mode when the first and second opening means T1, T2 are open and the third opening means T3 is closed.
- the windings L1, L2 are in parallel mode when the first and second opening means T1, T2 are closed and the third opening means T3 is open.
- the first and second opening means T1, T2 respectively comprise a transistor that can be controlled by the control sub-unit 24 of the control means 20.
- the third opening means T3 preferably comprises a transistor controlled by the control sub-unit 24.
- the control means 20 comprise measuring means R1 for detecting the current flowing through the two windings L1, L2.
- the measuring means R1 comprises a measurement resistor connected in series between the control transistor TC and the second voltage supply terminal B.
- the third opening means T3 comprises a switching diode D1 connected in parallel and in reverse to the second winding L2.
- the addition of the switching diode D1 ensures proper operation if the actuation of the first and second opening means T1, T2 is not synchronized.
- the electromagnetic actuator comprises a first and a second coil L1, L2.
- the two coils L1, L2 have identical coils, and therefore substantially identical ohmic resistances, the same number of turns as well as the same inductance.
- the coils L1, L2 are cylindrical and aligned along the same longitudinal axis Y.
- the actuator according to the invention can be used for a wide range of supply voltage which makes it very versatile.
- U max / U mini ⁇ max ⁇ Rcoil mini / ⁇ mini ⁇ Rcoil max ⁇ 1 / I call / I retention
- ⁇ max is the maximum duty cycle equal to the ratio between the maximum pulse duration and the pulse sending period
- ⁇ min is the minimum duty cycle equal to the ratio of the minimum pulse duration and the pulse sending period.
- Rbobine max is equal to the maximum resistance of the winding in phase the call and Rbobine mini is equal to the minimum resistance of the winding in phase of maintenance.
- the variation of the winding resistance depends essentially on the temperature.
- the maximum call current is determined as a function of a minimum voltage value U min of the voltage range, for a maximum operating temperature and the maximum duty cycle.
- the minimum holding current is determined as a function of a maximum voltage value U maximum of the voltage range, for a minimum operating temperature and the maximum duty cycle.
- the dashed curve 50 of the figure 5 represents the evolution of the ratio of the voltages U maxi / U mini as a function of the ratio of the currents of call and of maintenance I call / I hold when the impedance of the windings varies between the call phase and the hold phase.
- the curve in solid line 51 represents the evolution of the ratio of the voltages U maxi / U mini as a function of the ratio of the currents of call and maintenance I call / I maintenance when the impedance of the coils does not vary.
- control means 20 of the electromagnetic actuator comprise dropout means 23A, 24.
- the dropout means 23A, 24 are arranged to control a counter-voltage supplied to the two windings L1, L2 and to control the means of switching 10 to place the two windings L1, L2 in parallel mode to generate a third fallout magnetic flux ⁇ dropped to open the actuator.
- the dropout means 23A, 24 comprise a fourth opening means T4 connected in series with the freewheeling diode D2. They comprise a Zener diode Dz connected in parallel and inversely across the freewheeling diode D2.
- the fourth opening means T4, preferably a transistor, is arranged to receive commands from the control sub-unit 24 so as to be in an open state and disconnect the freewheeling diode D2, a counter-current. voltage is then applied across the windings L1, L2.
- the dropout means 23A, 24 comprise a fifth opening means T5 connected in series with the Zener diode Dz.
- the fifth T5 opening medium is arranged to receive commands from the control sub-unit 24 so as to be in a closed state during a dropout operation, the fifth opening means T5 being open during the closing or holding operations of the actuator .
- the dropout means allow the passage of the windings L1, L2 in a parallel mode and facilitate the fallout of the electromagnet by reducing the level of against voltage required. This leads to a simplification of the electronic circuits especially as regards Asics components that can operate at lower voltages.
- the passage in parallel mode of the coils makes it possible to demagnetize more quickly and thus to open the actuator more quickly.
- the fact of placing the windings in parallel mode allows to demagnetize with a lower voltage against.
- the same opening speed is obtained with a counter-voltage value that is twice as low.
- the third opening means T3 comprises a transistor connected in series with the switching diode D1.
- control means 20 comprise voltage measuring means 25 designed to detect the voltage U AB between the first and second voltage supply terminals A, B before the closing operation, and to control the voltage supplied to the coils L1, L2 depending on the supply voltage U AB detected during the closing operation.
- each winding L1, L2 may comprise a freewheel diode connected in parallel and in reverse at these terminals.
- the presence of parasitic capacitances on the power lines can generate a residual voltage across the actuator.
- This residual voltage can in particular change the time required to detect the dropout voltage. By way of example, the time required to detect the dropout voltage can be increased.
- the deleterious effect of parasitic capacitances on the opening time of an actuator can be limited by reducing the impedance of the actuator as seen from the voltage supply source. Indeed, the fact of reducing the impedance of the actuator makes it possible to absorb a greater total amount of energy, by absorbing in particular that contained in the parasitic capacitances.
- the amount of total energy absorbed under these conditions is however limited by the ability of the actuator to withstand thermal stresses. Energy due to voltage variation of the power source in the presence of stray capacitances must be detectable and absorbable without causing excessive heating of the actuator.
- the control means 20 of the electromagnetic actuator comprise test means cyclically controlling the configuration change of said at least two windings L1, L2.
- the test means send commands to switching means 10 to temporarily place said at least two windings L1, L2 in parallel.
- the impedance reduction of the actuator is then through the configuration change of the windings from the serial mode to the parallel mode.
- Placing the coils L1, L2 in parallel mode has the consequence of reducing the impedance of the actuator by a factor k, the factor k being equal to the ratio between the resistance of the windings L1, L2 in series mode and the resistance of the coils in parallel mode.
- the time constant of the electric circuit RLC consisting of the windings L1, L2 and parasitic capacitances is also reduced by a factor k.
- the drop in voltage across said capacitors is therefore faster and the detection time of the dropout voltage is thus reduced by a factor k.
- It is also possible to increase the speed of the voltage drop by increasing the level of the reference current of the coil control. In the latter case, it will be limited by a risk of overheating of the actuator.
- the series-parallel configuration change is preferably done cyclically. The duration of this test phase, during which the windings are placed in parallel mode, must be integrated in the detection time of the dropout voltage.
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- Control Of Linear Motors (AREA)
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Description
L'invention est relative à un actionneur électromagnétique comprenant un circuit magnétique formé d'une culasse ferromagnétique s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal, et d'un noyau ferromagnétique mobile monté à coulissement axial selon l'axe longitudinal de la culasse. L'actionneur comporte au moins deux bobinages et des moyens de commutation des bobinages d'une position série à une position parallèle et inversement.The invention relates to an electromagnetic actuator comprising a magnetic circuit formed by a ferromagnetic yoke extending along a longitudinal axis, and a movable ferromagnetic core mounted to slide axially along the longitudinal axis of the yoke. The actuator comprises at least two coils and means for switching the coils from a series position to a parallel position and vice versa.
Il est connu d'utiliser au moins deux types de bobinages distincts pour les phases d'appel et de maintien d'un actionneur électromagnétique. En effet, l'optimisation du fonctionnement énergétique des actionneurs électromagnétiques est souvent prise en compte au moment de leur conception. Un principe connu consiste à utiliser un premier type de bobinage au moment de la phase d'appel et un second bobinage au cours de la phase de maintien. L'emploi de plusieurs bobinages spécifiques est décrit dans l'état de la technique notamment dans les brevets suivants
En outre, le besoin d'utiliser les actionneurs électromagnétiques avec de larges plages de tension d'alimentation devient aussi priorité. Plusieurs solutions décrites dans les documents suivants
L'utilisation de courants pulsés telle que décrite dans le document de l'état de la technique
L'invention vise donc à remédier aux inconvénients de l'état de la technique, de manière à proposer un actionneur électromagnétique à haut rendement énergétique.The invention therefore aims to overcome the disadvantages of the state of the art, so as to provide an electromagnetic actuator with high energy efficiency.
L'actionneur électromagnétique selon l'invention comporte des moyens de commande comprenant des moyens de régulation du courant électrique circulant dans lesdits au moins deux bobinages, des moyens d'appel disposés de manière à commander la tension fournie aux dits au moins deux bobinages pendant une opération de fermeture de l'actionneur, et commander les moyens de commutation pour placer lesdits au moins deux bobinages en mode parallèle pour engendrer un premier flux magnétique d'appel pour fermer l'actionneur. Les moyens de commande comprennent des moyens de maintien disposés de manière à commander le courant fourni aux desdits au moins deux bobinages pendant une opération de maintien de l'actionneur en position fermée et, commander les moyens de commutation pour placer lesdits au moins deux bobinages en mode série pour engendrer un second flux magnétique de maintien.The electromagnetic actuator according to the invention comprises control means comprising means for regulating the electric current flowing in said at least two coils, call means arranged to control the voltage supplied to said at least two coils during a closing operation of the actuator, and controlling the switching means to place said at least two coils in parallel mode to generate a first magnetic call flow to close the actuator. The control means comprise holding means arranged to control the current supplied to said at least two coils during a holding operation of the actuator in the closed position and to control the switching means to place said at least two windings in series mode to generate a second magnetic flux maintenance.
Selon l'invention, les moyens de régulation comportent un comparateur comparant la valeur d'un courant électrique parcourant lesdits au moins deux bobinages à une consigne, ledit comparateur étant connecté à un correcteur associé à un amplificateur commandant un interrupteur. Selon l'invention, les moyens de régulation comporte un moyen de commande pour moduler la tension d'alimentation desdits au moins deux bobinages selon une modulation d'impulsion en largeur de type PWM. Selon l'invention, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte un premier et un second bobinages.According to the invention, the regulation means comprise a comparator comparing the value of an electric current flowing through said at least two windings to a setpoint, said comparator being connected to a corrector associated with an amplifier controlling a switch. According to the invention, the regulation means comprises a control means for modulating the supply voltage of said at least two windings according to PWM type pulse width modulation. According to the invention, the electromagnetic actuator comprises first and second coils.
Selon l'invention, les moyens de commutation comportent un premier moyen d'ouverture connecté en série entre une première borne du premier bobinage et une première borne d'alimentation en tension, une deuxième borne du premier bobinage étant connectée à une seconde borne d'alimentation en tension à travers le transistor de commande. Les moyens de commutation comportent un second moyen d'ouverture connecté en série entre la seconde borne du premier bobinage et une seconde borne du second bobinage, ledit second bobinage ayant une première borne reliée à la première borne d'alimentation en tension et la deuxième borne reliée à la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension à travers le second moyen d'ouverture et le transistor de commande en série. Un troisième moyen d'ouverture est directement connecté en série entre seconde borne du second bobinage et la première borne du premier bobinage. Au moins une diode de roue libre est connectée en parallèle et en inverse entre la seconde borne du premier bobinage et la première borne du second bobinage. Les trois moyens d'ouverture sont disposés pour recevoir des ordres des moyens d'appel ou de maintiens de manière à se placer respectivement dans un état d'ouverture ou de fermeture, les bobinages étant en mode série lorsque les premier et second moyens d'ouverture ont ouverts et le troisième moyen d'ouverture est fermé, les bobinages étant en mode parallèle lorsque les premier et second moyens d'ouverture sont fermés et le troisième moyen d'ouverture est ouvert. Selon l'invention, les moyens de commande comportent des moyens de mesure destinés à détecter le courant passant à travers les deux bobinages.According to the invention, the switching means comprise a first opening means connected in series between a first terminal of the first coil and a first voltage supply terminal, a second terminal of the first coil being connected to a second terminal of the first coil. voltage supply through the control transistor. The switching means comprise a second opening means connected in series between the second terminal of the first coil and a second terminal of the second coil, the second coil having a first terminal connected to the first voltage supply terminal and the second terminal. connected to the second voltage supply terminal through the second opening means and the series control transistor. A third opening means is directly connected in series between second terminal of the second winding and the first terminal of the first winding. At least one freewheel diode is connected in parallel and in reverse between the second terminal of the first coil and the first terminal of the second coil. The three opening means are arranged to receive commands from the call or hold means so as to be placed respectively in an open or closed state, the windings being in series mode when the first and second means of opening have opened and the third opening means is closed, the coils being in parallel mode when the first and second opening means are closed and the third opening means is open. According to the invention, the control means comprise measuring means for detecting the current flowing through the two coils.
Selon un mode développement de l'invention, les moyens de commande comportent des moyens de retombée disposés de manière à commander une contre-tension fournie aux deux bobinages, et commander les moyens de commutation pour placer les deux bobinages en mode parallèle pour engendrer un troisième flux magnétique de retombée pour ouvrir l'actionneur.According to a development mode of the invention, the control means comprise dropout means arranged so as to control a counter-voltage supplied to the two coils, and control the switching means to place the two coils in parallel mode to generate a third. magnetic flux of fallout to open the actuator.
De préférence, les moyens de retombée comportent un quatrième moyen d'ouverture connecté en série avec la diode de roue libre, une diode Zener connectée en parallèle et en inverse aux bornes de la diode de roue libre, le quatrième moyen d'ouverture étant disposé pour être piloté par la sous-unité de commande de manière à se placer dans un état d'ouverture et déconnecter la diode de roue libre, une contre-tension étant appliquée aux bornes des bobinages.Preferably, the dropout means comprise a fourth opening means connected in series with the freewheel diode, a Zener diode connected in parallel and in reverse across the freewheeling diode, the fourth opening means being arranged to be controlled by the control sub-unit so as to be in an open state and disconnect the freewheeling diode, a counter-voltage being applied across the windings.
De préférence, les moyens de commande comportent des moyens de mesure de tension apte à détecter la tension entre la première et seconde borne d'alimentation en tension avant l'opération de fermeture, et à commander la tension fournie aux bobinages en fonction de la tension d'alimentation détectée pendant l'opération de fermeture.Preferably, the control means comprise voltage measuring means able to detect the voltage between the first and second voltage supply terminals before the closing operation, and to control the voltage supplied to the coils according to the voltage detected during the closing operation.
De préférence, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte un premier et un second bobinages ayant la même résistance ohmique.Preferably, the electromagnetic actuator comprises first and second coils having the same ohmic resistance.
De préférence, les bobinages sont identiques et comportent la même inductance et le même nombre de spires.Preferably, the coils are identical and have the same inductance and the same number of turns.
Avantageusement, les bobinages sont disposés sur deux bobines séparées. Avantageusement, les bobinages sont cylindriques et alignés selon le même axe longitudinal.Advantageously, the coils are arranged on two separate coils. Advantageously, the coils are cylindrical and aligned along the same longitudinal axis.
Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte des moyens de test commandant de manière cyclique le changement de configuration desdits aux moins deux bobinages au cours de la phase de maintien, les moyens de test envoyant des ordres aux moyens de commutations pour placer temporairement lesdits aux moins deux bobinages en parallèle.In a particular embodiment, the electromagnetic actuator comprises test means cyclically controlling the change. configuration of said at least two coils during the holding phase, the test means sending commands to switching means for temporarily placing said at least two coils in parallel.
D'autres avantages et caractéristiques ressortiront plus clairement de la description qui va suivre de modes particuliers de réalisation de l'invention, donnés à titre d'exemples non limitatifs, et représentés aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la
figure 1 représente un schéma électrique d'un actionneur électromagnétique à au moins deux bobinages selon un premier mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
figure 2 représente un schéma électrique d'un actionneur électromagnétique à au moins deux bobinages selon un second mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention ; - la
figure 3 représente un schéma électrique d'une variante de réalisation des moyens de commutation d'un actionneur électromagnétique selon le premier mode préférentiel de réalisation de lafigure 1 ; - la
figure 4 représente un schéma électrique d'une variante de réalisation des moyens de commutation d'un actionneur électromagnétique selon les modes de réalisation desfigures 1 et2 ; - la
figure 5 représente des courbes traçant l'évolution du rapport des tensions maximale et minimale d'alimentation en fonction du rapport des courants d'appel et de maintien ; - la
figure 6 représente une vue en perspective d'un mode particulier de réalisation d'un actionneur selon les modes de réalisation desfigures 1 et2 ; - la
figure 7A représente des courbes représentatives de l'évolution du courant dans un bobinage en phase d'appel en fonction de la tension d'alimentation, selon un mode de réalisation connu ; - la
figure 7B représente des courbes représentatives de l'évolution du courant dans un bobinage en phase d'appel en fonction de la tension d'alimentation, selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention.
- the
figure 1 represents a circuit diagram of an electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils according to a first preferred embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 2 represents a circuit diagram of an electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils according to a second preferred embodiment of the invention; - the
figure 3 represents a circuit diagram of an alternative embodiment of the switching means of an electromagnetic actuator according to the first preferred embodiment of thefigure 1 ; - the
figure 4 represents a circuit diagram of an alternative embodiment of the switching means of an electromagnetic actuator according to the embodiments of thefigures 1 and2 ; - the
figure 5 represents curves plotting the evolution of the ratio of the maximum and minimum supply voltages as a function of the ratio of the inrush and holding currents; - the
figure 6 represents a perspective view of a particular embodiment of an actuator according to the embodiments of thefigures 1 and2 ; - the
Figure 7A represents curves representing the evolution of the current in a call phase winding as a function of the supply voltage, according to a known embodiment; - the
Figure 7B represents curves representative of the evolution of the current in a winding phase of call depending on the supply voltage, according to one embodiment of the invention.
Selon un premier mode préférentiel de réalisation, l'actionneur électromagnétique comprend un circuit magnétique fixe en matériau ferromagnétique. Le circuit magnétique comprend une culasse ferromagnétique 2 s'étendant selon un axe longitudinal Y. Un noyau ferromagnétique mobile 3 est placé à en vis-à-vis de la culasse. Ledit noyau est monté à coulissement axial selon l'axe longitudinal Y de la culasse. L'actionneur électromagnétique comprend au moins deux bobinages L1, L2. Lesdits aux moins deux bobinages s'étendent de préférence selon l'axe longitudinal Y.According to a first preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic actuator comprises a fixed magnetic circuit of ferromagnetic material. The magnetic circuit comprises a
A titre d'exemple tel que représenté sur la
Selon un mode préférentiel de réalisation de l'invention, l'actionneur comprend un premier et un second bobinages L1, L2. Des moyens de commutations 10 placent lesdits aux moins deux bobinages L1, L2 en série ou parallèle en fonction de la phase de fonctionnement de l'actionneur.According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the actuator comprises first and second coils L1, L2. Switching means 10 place said at least two windings L1, L2 in series or parallel depending on the operating phase of the actuator.
Lesdits au moins deux bobinages L1, L2 sont connectés en parallèle pendant une phase d'appel durant laquelle l'actionneur de ferme. Pendant une opération de fermeture de l'actionneur, lesdits au moins deux bobinages L1, L2 engendrent un premier flux magnétique d'appel φappel pour déplacer le noyau mobile 3 d'une première position P1 à une seconde position P2.Said at least two windings L1, L2 are connected in parallel during a call phase during which the farm actuator. During a closing operation of the actuator, said at least two windings L1, L2 generate a first call magnetic flux φ call to move the
Lesdits au moins deux bobinages sont connectés en série pendant une phase de maintien durant laquelle l'actionneur est maintenu dans une position de fermeture. Lesdits au moins deux bobinages L1, L2 engendrent un second flux magnétique de maintien φmaintien pour garder le noyau 16 mobile dans sa seconde position P2.Said at least two coils are connected in series during a holding phase during which the actuator is held in a position of closing. Said at least two windings L1, L2 generate a second holding magnetic flux φ holding to keep the core 16 mobile in its second position P2.
Des moyens de commande 20 commandent les moyens de commutation 10 pour placer les desdits au moins deux bobinages L1, L2 en mode parallèle ou en mode série.Control means 20 control the switching means 10 to place the at least two windings L1, L2 in parallel mode or in series mode.
Des moyens de commande 20 comportent des moyens de régulation 22 du courant électrique circulant dans lesdits au moins deux bobinages L1, L2.Control means 20 comprise means 22 for regulating the electric current flowing in the at least two windings L1, L2.
En phase d'appel et/ou de maintien, les moyens de commande 20 régulent le courant électrique I circulant dans les deux bobinages L1, L2 de l'actionneur. Cette régulation temporelle est de préférence dépendante d'une consigne qui peut être fonction de plusieurs paramètres pris seuls ou en combinaison.In the call and / or hold phase, the control means 20 regulate the electric current I flowing in the two windings L1, L2 of the actuator. This temporal regulation is preferably dependent on a setpoint that can be a function of several parameters taken alone or in combination.
La consigne peut être fixée en fonction d'un profil de courant défini selon son évolution en fonction du temps.The setpoint can be set according to a current profile defined according to its evolution as a function of time.
La consigne peut être fixée en fonction d'une constante de temps. Une transition brusque entre la phase d'appel et de maintien est alors observée après une durée prédéterminée.The setpoint can be set according to a time constant. A sudden transition between the call and hold phase is then observed after a predetermined time.
La consigne peut être fixée en fonction de la position de l'armature mobile. Une transition brusque entre la phase d'appel et de maintien est alors observée lorsque l'armature mobile de l'actionneur a atteint une position déterminée.The setpoint can be set according to the position of the moving armature. A sudden transition between the call and hold phase is then observed when the moving armature of the actuator has reached a determined position.
En outre, la consigne peut aussi être fixée en fonction du temps de fermeture souhaité. Ce temps de fermeture est tributaire de la puissance de la source à l'appel. Cette contrainte peut alors avoir un impact sur la consommation en phase de maintien. La limitation de la consommation en phase de maintien permet de limiter la dissipation thermique.In addition, the setpoint can also be set according to the desired closing time. This closing time is dependent on the power of the source on the call. This constraint can then have an impact on the consumption in the maintenance phase. The limitation of the consumption during the holding phase makes it possible to limit the heat dissipation.
Comme représenté sur la
A chaque cycle de fonctionnement (fermeture/maintien), les moyens de régulation 22 permettent de fournir de manière reproductible, un courant électrique stable. Comme représenté sur la
Le principe du double bobinage permet d'accroitre la plage de tension ou le ratio en le courant d'appel et le courant de maintien. En effet ces grandeurs sont liées par la résistance bobine que l'on modifie selon la phase de fonctionnement (appel ou maintien).The principle of double winding makes it possible to increase the voltage range or the ratio in the inrush current and the holding current. Indeed, these quantities are linked by the coil resistor that is modified according to the operating phase (call or maintenance).
A titre d'exemple de réalisation, comme représenté sur la
Les moyens de commande 20 comportent des moyens d'appel 23B, 24, 21, 22 disposés de manière à commander la tension fournie aux dits au moins deux bobinages L1, L2 pendant une opération de fermeture de l'actionneur.The control means 20 comprise call means 23B, 24, 21, 22 arranged to control the voltage supplied to said at least two windings L1, L2 during a closing operation of the actuator.
Les moyens de commande 20 comportent des moyens de maintien 23B, 24, 21, 22 disposés de manière à commander le courant électrique fourni aux dits au moins deux bobinages L1, L2 pendant une opération de maintien de l'actionneur en position fermée.The control means 20 comprise holding means 23B, 24, 21, 22 arranged to control the electric current supplied to said at least two windings L1, L2 during a holding operation of the actuator in the closed position.
Selon un premier mode de réalisation préférentiel de l'invention représenté sur la
Les moyens de commutation 10 comportent un second moyen d'ouverture T2 connecté en série entre la seconde borne L1b du premier bobinage L1 et une seconde borne L2b du second bobinage L2. Ledit second bobinage L2 a une première borne L2a reliée à la première borne d'alimentation en tension A et la deuxième borne L2b reliée à la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B à travers le second moyen d'ouverture T2 et le transistor de commande TC en série. Un troisième moyen d'ouverture T3 est directement connecté en série entre la seconde borne L2b du second bobinage L2 et la première borne L1a du premier bobinage L1. Comme représenté sur les
Les trois moyens d'ouverture T1, T2, T3 sont disposés pour recevoir des ordres d'une sous-unité de commande 24 de manière à se placer respectivement dans un état d'ouverture et de fermeture et inversement. Les bobinages L1, L2 sont en mode série lorsque les premier et second moyens d'ouverture T1, T2 sont ouverts et le troisième moyen d'ouverture T3 est fermé. Les bobinages L1, L2 sont en mode parallèle lorsque les premier et second moyens d'ouverture T1, T2 sont fermés et le troisième moyen d'ouverture T3 est ouvert.The three opening means T1, T2, T3 are arranged to receive commands from a
De préférence, les premier et second moyens d'ouverture T1, T2 comportent respectivement un transistor pouvant être commandé par la sous-unité de commande 24 des moyens de commande 20. En outre, le troisième moyen d'ouverture T3 comporte de préférence un transistor commandé par la sous-unité de commande 24.Preferably, the first and second opening means T1, T2 respectively comprise a transistor that can be controlled by the control sub-unit 24 of the control means 20. In addition, the third opening means T3 preferably comprises a transistor controlled by the
Les moyens de commande 20 comportent des moyens de mesure R1 destinés à détecter le courant passant à travers les deux bobinages L1, L2. Les moyens de mesure R1 comporte une résistance de mesure du courant connectée en série entre le transistor de commande TC et la seconde borne d'alimentation en tension B.The control means 20 comprise measuring means R1 for detecting the current flowing through the two windings L1, L2. The measuring means R1 comprises a measurement resistor connected in series between the control transistor TC and the second voltage supply terminal B.
Selon une variante de réalisation du premier mode préférentiel telle que représenté sur la
Selon un mode particulier de réalisation du premier mode préférentiel, l'actionneur électromagnétique comporte une première et une seconde bobine L1, L2. Les deux bobines L1, L2 ont des bobinages identiques, et donc des résistances ohmiques sensiblement identiques, le même nombre de spires ainsi que la même inductance. De préférence, les bobines L1, L2 sont cylindriques et alignées selon le même axe longitudinal Y.According to a particular embodiment of the first preferred embodiment, the electromagnetic actuator comprises a first and a second coil L1, L2. The two coils L1, L2 have identical coils, and therefore substantially identical ohmic resistances, the same number of turns as well as the same inductance. Preferably, the coils L1, L2 are cylindrical and aligned along the same longitudinal axis Y.
Grâce à cette configuration, on peut dissocier les contraintes antagonistes rencontrées en phase d'appel et en phase de maintien. En outre, l'actionneur selon l'invention peut être utilisé pour une large plage de tension d'alimentation ce qui le rend très polyvalent.Thanks to this configuration, it is possible to dissociate the antagonistic constraints encountered in the call phase and in the hold phase. In addition, the actuator according to the invention can be used for a wide range of supply voltage which makes it very versatile.
Les résistances minimale et maximale du ou des bobinages utilisés fixent la largeur de la plage de tension d'alimentation Umaxi/Umini en fonction du courant d'appel et de maintien et des rapports cycliques de commande de régulation. Dans une configuration traditionnelle où un seul bobinage est utilisé avec une régulation du courant à l'appel et au maintien, le rapport entre la tension maximale d'utilisation et la tension minimale est définie de la façon suivante :
Dans une configuration traditionnelle, la variation de la résistance du bobinage dépend alors essentiellement de la température.In a traditional configuration, the variation of the winding resistance depends essentially on the temperature.
Selon l'invention, le rapport entre la tension maximale d'utilisation et la tension minimale est définie de la façon suivante :
Compte tenu que les résistances maximale et minimale des bobinages à l'appel et au maintien sont ajustables et ne dépendent plus seulement de la température, on peut multiplier d'un facteur k le ratio entre la tension maximale d'utilisation et la tension minimale Umaxi/Umini. Par exemple, si les résistances des deux bobinages L1, L2 sont identiques, le passage entre le mode série et le mode parallèle permet d'obtenir un facteur k égal à 4. On peut alors augmenter la largeur de la plage de tension d'alimentation et/ou le ratio du courant appel/maintien selon les besoins en relâchant ainsi la contrainte sur l'impédance vue par le circuit de commande.Given that the maximum and minimum resistances of the windings on call and on hold are adjustable and no longer depend only on the temperature, we can multiply by a factor k the ratio between the maximum voltage of use and the minimum voltage U max / U min . For example, if the resistances of the two windings L1, L2 are identical, the passage between the serial mode and the parallel mode makes it possible to obtain a factor k equal to 4. It is then possible to increase the width of the supply voltage range. and / or the ratio of the call / hold current as required thereby releasing the constraint on the impedance seen by the control circuit.
Selon un mode de développement de l'invention, le courant maximal d'appel se détermine en fonction d'une valeur de tension minimale Umini de la plage de tension, pour une température maximale d'utilisation et au rapport cyclique maximal. Le courant maximal d'appel s'exprime selon l'équation suivante :
En outre, le courant minimal de maintien se détermine en fonction d'une valeur de tension maximale Umaxi de la plage de tension, pour une température minimale d'utilisation et au rapport cyclique maximal. Le courant minimal de maintien s'exprime selon l'équation suivante :
La courbe en pointillés 50 de la
Comme représenté sur la
Selon un second mode préférentiel de réalisation présenté sur la
Les moyens de retombée 23A, 24 comportent un quatrième moyen d'ouverture T4 connecté en série avec la diode de roue libre D2. Ils comportent une diode Zener Dz connectée en parallèle et en inverse aux bornes de la diode de roue libre D2. Le quatrième moyens d'ouverture T4, de préférence un transistor, est disposé pour recevoir des ordres de la sous-unité de commande 24 de manière à se placer dans un état d'ouverture et déconnecter la diode de roue libre D2, une contre-tension étant alors appliquée aux bornes des bobinages L1, L2.The dropout means 23A, 24 comprise a fourth opening means T4 connected in series with the freewheeling diode D2. They comprise a Zener diode Dz connected in parallel and inversely across the freewheeling diode D2. The fourth opening means T4, preferably a transistor, is arranged to receive commands from the control sub-unit 24 so as to be in an open state and disconnect the freewheeling diode D2, a counter-current. voltage is then applied across the windings L1, L2.
Les moyens de retombée 23A, 24 comportent un cinquième moyen d'ouverture T5 connecté en série avec la diode Zener Dz. Le cinquième moyen d'ouverture T5 est disposé pour recevoir ordres de la sous-unité de commande 24 de manière à se placer dans un état de fermeture pendant une opération de retombée, le cinquième moyen d'ouverture T5 étant ouvert pendant les opérations de fermeture ou de maintien de l'actionneur.The dropout means 23A, 24 comprise a fifth opening means T5 connected in series with the Zener diode Dz. The fifth T5 opening medium is arranged to receive commands from the control sub-unit 24 so as to be in a closed state during a dropout operation, the fifth opening means T5 being open during the closing or holding operations of the actuator .
Les moyens de retombée autorisent le passage des bobinages L1, L2 dans un mode parallèle et facilitent la retombée de l'électro-aimant en diminuant le niveau de contre tension nécessaire. Cela entraine une simplification des circuits électroniques notamment en ce qui concerne des composants Asics qui pourront fonctionner à des tensions plus basse. Ainsi, par rapport aux solutions connues, pour une même valeur de courant au maintien et pour la même valeur de contre tension, le passage en mode parallèle des bobinages permet de démagnétiser plus rapidement et donc d'ouvrir plus rapidement l'actionneur. En outre, pour une même valeur de courant au maintien, pour un même temps de démagnétisation, le fait de placer les bobinages en mode parallèle permet de démagnétiser avec une contre tension plus faible. A titre d'exemple, on obtient une même vitesse de d'ouverture avec une valeur de contre tension deux fois plus faible.The dropout means allow the passage of the windings L1, L2 in a parallel mode and facilitate the fallout of the electromagnet by reducing the level of against voltage required. This leads to a simplification of the electronic circuits especially as regards Asics components that can operate at lower voltages. Thus, with respect to the known solutions, for the same value of current at the maintenance and for the same value of against voltage, the passage in parallel mode of the coils makes it possible to demagnetize more quickly and thus to open the actuator more quickly. In addition, for the same value of current maintenance, for the same demagnetization time, the fact of placing the windings in parallel mode allows to demagnetize with a lower voltage against. By way of example, the same opening speed is obtained with a counter-voltage value that is twice as low.
Selon une autre variante de réalisation du deuxième mode préférentiel, le troisième moyen d'ouverture T3 comporte un transistor connecté en série avec la diode de commutation D1.According to another variant embodiment of the second preferred embodiment, the third opening means T3 comprises a transistor connected in series with the switching diode D1.
Selon les modes de réalisations représentés sur les
Selon une variante de réalisation des modes préférentiels de réalisation, chaque bobinage L1 , L2 peut comporter une diode de roue libre connectée en parallèle et en inverse à ces bornes.According to an alternative embodiment of the preferred embodiments, each winding L1, L2 may comprise a freewheel diode connected in parallel and in reverse at these terminals.
Lorsque les ordres de commande envoyés à l'actionneur, notamment au moment de la phase de maintien, sont transmis sur de longues distances avec des lignes électriques, la présence de capacités parasites sur les lignes électriques peut générer une tension résiduelle aux bornes de l'actionneur. Cette tension résiduelle peut notamment modifier le temps nécessaire à la détection de la tension de retombée. A titre d'exemple, le temps nécessaire à la détection de la tension de retombée peut être augmenté.When the command orders sent to the actuator, especially at the time of the holding phase, are transmitted over long distances with power lines, the presence of parasitic capacitances on the power lines can generate a residual voltage across the actuator. This residual voltage can in particular change the time required to detect the dropout voltage. By way of example, the time required to detect the dropout voltage can be increased.
Ainsi, avec des actionneurs de très faible consommation électrique et en présence de très grandes longueurs de câble d'alimentation, l'annulation de la tension d'alimentation ne provoque pas immédiatement l'ouverture de l'actionneur. Les capacités parasites sont chargées et se comportent comme un filtre ou un écran. Ce problème est incontournable lorsque l'actionneur est à très faible consommation et est alimenté avec une tension élevée.Thus, with actuators of very low power consumption and in the presence of very long lengths of power cable, the cancellation of the supply voltage does not immediately cause the opening of the actuator. The parasitic capacitances are loaded and behave like a filter or a screen. This problem is unavoidable when the actuator is very low consumption and is powered with a high voltage.
L'effet néfaste des capacités parasites sur le temps d'ouverture d'un actionneur peut être limité en réduisant l'impédance de l'actionneur vue de la source d'alimentation en tension. En effet, le fait de réduire l'impédance de l'actionneur permet d'absorber une quantité totale d'énergie plus importante, en absorbant notamment celle contenue dans les capacités parasites.The deleterious effect of parasitic capacitances on the opening time of an actuator can be limited by reducing the impedance of the actuator as seen from the voltage supply source. Indeed, the fact of reducing the impedance of the actuator makes it possible to absorb a greater total amount of energy, by absorbing in particular that contained in the parasitic capacitances.
La quantité d'énergie totale absorbée dans ces conditions est cependant limitée par la capacité de l'actionneur à supporter des contraintes thermiques. L'énergie due à une variation de tension de la source d'alimentation en présence de capacités parasites doit pouvoir être détectée et absorbée sans provoquer un échauffement excessif de l'actionneur.The amount of total energy absorbed under these conditions is however limited by the ability of the actuator to withstand thermal stresses. Energy due to voltage variation of the power source in the presence of stray capacitances must be detectable and absorbable without causing excessive heating of the actuator.
Selon un mode particulier de réalisation des modes précédents, les moyens de commande 20 de l'actionneur électromagnétique comportent des moyens de test commandant de manière cyclique le changement de configuration desdits aux moins deux bobinages L1, L2. Au cours de la phase de maintien, les moyens de test envoient des ordres aux moyens de commutations 10 pour placer temporairement lesdits aux moins deux bobinages L1, L2 en parallèle. La réduction d'impédance de l'actionneur se fait alors au travers du changement de configuration des bobinages du mode série au mode parallèle. Le fait de placer les bobinages L1, L2 en mode parallèle a pour conséquence de réduire l'impédance de l'actionneur d'un facteur k, le facteur k étant égale au rapport entre la résistance des bobinages L1, L2 en mode série et la résistance des bobinages en mode parallèle.According to a particular embodiment of the preceding modes, the control means 20 of the electromagnetic actuator comprise test means cyclically controlling the configuration change of said at least two windings L1, L2. During the holding phase, the test means send commands to switching means 10 to temporarily place said at least two windings L1, L2 in parallel. The impedance reduction of the actuator is then through the configuration change of the windings from the serial mode to the parallel mode. Placing the coils L1, L2 in parallel mode has the consequence of reducing the impedance of the actuator by a factor k, the factor k being equal to the ratio between the resistance of the windings L1, L2 in series mode and the resistance of the coils in parallel mode.
La constante de temps du circuit électrique RLC constitué des bobinages L1, L2 et des capacités parasites est aussi réduite d'un facteur k. La chute de la tension aux bornes desdites capacités est donc plus rapide et le temps de détection de la tension de retombée est ainsi réduit d'un facteur k. On peut encore augmenter la rapidité de la chute de tension en augmentant le niveau du courant de consigne de la régulation bobine. Dans ce dernier cas, on sera limité par un risque d'échauffement de l'actionneur. Le changement de configuration série-parallèle être fait de préférence de manière cyclique. La durée de cette phase de test, pendant laquelle les bobinages sont placés en mode parallèle, doit être intégrée dans le temps de détection de la tension de retombée.The time constant of the electric circuit RLC consisting of the windings L1, L2 and parasitic capacitances is also reduced by a factor k. The drop in voltage across said capacitors is therefore faster and the detection time of the dropout voltage is thus reduced by a factor k. It is also possible to increase the speed of the voltage drop by increasing the level of the reference current of the coil control. In the latter case, it will be limited by a risk of overheating of the actuator. The series-parallel configuration change is preferably done cyclically. The duration of this test phase, during which the windings are placed in parallel mode, must be integrated in the detection time of the dropout voltage.
Claims (9)
- Electromagnetic actuator comprising:- a magnetic circuit formed from a ferromagnetic yoke (2) extending along a longitudinal axis (Y), and from a movable ferromagnetic core (3) mounted so as to slide axially along the longitudinal axis (Y) of the yoke;- at least two windings (L1, L2);- means for switching (10) the windings (L1, L2) from a series position to a parallel position and vice versa;- control means (20) comprising:- measurement means (R1) intended to detect the current passing through said at least two windings (L1, L2);- means (22) for regulating the electric current flowing through said at least two windings (L1, L2), the regulating means (22) including a comparator (222) comparing the value of an electric current flowing through said at least two windings (L1, L2) with a setpoint;- surge means (23B, 24, 21, 22) arranged so as to:- control the voltage delivered to said at least two windings (L1, L2) during an operation of closing the actuator; and- controlling the switching means (10) in order to place said at least two windings (L1, L2) in parallel mode in order to generate a first, surge magnetic flux for the purpose of closing the actuator;- holding means (23B, 24, 21, 22) arranged so as to:- controlling the current delivered to said at least two windings (L1, L2) during an operation of holding the actuator in the closed position; and- controlling the switching means (10) in order to place said at least two windings (L1, L2) in series mode so as to generate a second, holding magnetic flux;- the regulating means (22) including a corrector (223) connected to the comparator (222), said corrector being associated with an amplifier (224) controlling a switch (226);- the regulating means (22) including a control means (TC) for modulating the supply voltage of said at least two windings (L1, L2) using pulse-width modulation of PWM type;- first and second windings (L1, L2).- the switching means (10) including:- a first opening means (T1) connected in series between a first terminal (L1a) of the first winding (L1) and a first voltage supply terminal (A), a second terminal (L1b) of the first winding (L1) being connected to a second voltage supply terminal (B) through the control transistor (TC);- a second opening means (T2) connected in series between the second terminal (L1b) of the first winding (L1) and a second terminal (L2b) of the second winding (L2), said second winding (L2) having a first terminal (L2a) linked to the first voltage supply terminal (A) and the second terminal (L2b) linked to the second voltage supply terminal (B) through the second opening means (T2) and the control transistor (TC) in series;- a third opening means (T3) directly connected in series between the second terminal (L2b) of the second winding (L2) and the first terminal (L1a) of the first winding (L1);- at least one flyback diode (D2) connected in parallel and in reverse between the second terminal (L1b) of the first winding (L1) and the first terminal (L2a) of the second winding (L2);- the three opening means (T1, T2, T3) being arranged so as to receive surge or holding orders (23B, 24, 21, 22) so as to be placed in an opening or closing state, respectively;- the windings (L1, L2) being in series mode when the first and second opening means (T1, T2) are open and the third opening means (T3) is closed;- the windings (L1, L2) being in parallel mode when the first and second opening means (T1, T2) are closed and the third opening means (T3) is open.
- Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 1, characterized in that the control means (20) include release means (23A, 24, 30) arranged so as to:- control a counter-voltage delivered to the two windings (L1, L2);- control the switching means (10) in order to place the two windings (L1, L2) in parallel mode so as to generate a third, release magnetic flux.
- Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 2, characterized in that the release means (23A, 24, 30) include:- a fourth opening means (T4) connected in series with the flyback diode (D2);- a Zener diode (Dz) connected in parallel and in reverse to the terminals of the flyback diode (D2);the fourth opening means (T4) being arranged so as to be driven by the control subunit (24) in order to be placed in an opening state and to disconnect the flyback diode (D2), a counter-voltage being applied to the terminals of the windings (L1, L2).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the control means (20) include voltage measurement means (25) capable of:- detecting the voltage (UAB) between the first and second voltage supply terminals (A, B) before the closing operation; and- controlling the voltage delivered to the windings (L1, L2) according to the supply voltage (UAB) detected during the closing operation.
- Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes first and second windings (L1, L2) having the same ohmic resistance.
- Electromagnetic actuator according to Claim 5, characterized in that the windings (L1, L2) are identical and include the same inductance and the same number of turns.
- Electromagnetic actuator according to either of Claims 5 and 6, characterized in that the windings (L1, L2) are arranged on two separate coils.
- Electromagnetic actuator according to one of Claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the windings (L1, L2) are cylindrical and aligned along the same longitudinal axis (Y).
- Electromagnetic actuator according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it includes test means for cyclically controlling the change of configuration of said at least two windings (L1, L2) during the holding phase, the test means sending orders to the switching means (10) in order to temporarily place said at least two windings (L1, L2) in parallel.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR0705343A FR2919421B1 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2007-07-23 | ELECTROMAGNETIC ACTUATOR HAVING AT LEAST TWO WINDINGS |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2019396A1 EP2019396A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
EP2019396B1 true EP2019396B1 (en) | 2018-02-21 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP08354047.6A Active EP2019396B1 (en) | 2007-07-23 | 2008-06-30 | Electromagnetic actuator with at least two coils |
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US (1) | US20090027823A1 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2019396B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP2009027178A (en) |
CN (1) | CN101354944A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2919421B1 (en) |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CN101354944A (en) | 2009-01-28 |
FR2919421A1 (en) | 2009-01-30 |
JP2009027178A (en) | 2009-02-05 |
FR2919421B1 (en) | 2018-02-16 |
US20090027823A1 (en) | 2009-01-29 |
EP2019396A1 (en) | 2009-01-28 |
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