EP1284337B1 - Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer beschichteten Gasturbinenschaufel - Google Patents
Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer beschichteten Gasturbinenschaufel Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP1284337B1 EP1284337B1 EP02405661A EP02405661A EP1284337B1 EP 1284337 B1 EP1284337 B1 EP 1284337B1 EP 02405661 A EP02405661 A EP 02405661A EP 02405661 A EP02405661 A EP 02405661A EP 1284337 B1 EP1284337 B1 EP 1284337B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- roughness
- turbine blade
- gas turbine
- protective layer
- ceramic
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/288—Protective coatings for blades
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/14—Form or construction
- F01D5/141—Shape, i.e. outer, aerodynamic form
- F01D5/145—Means for influencing boundary layers or secondary circulations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01D—NON-POSITIVE DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, e.g. STEAM TURBINES
- F01D5/00—Blades; Blade-carrying members; Heating, heat-insulating, cooling or antivibration means on the blades or the members
- F01D5/12—Blades
- F01D5/28—Selecting particular materials; Particular measures relating thereto; Measures against erosion or corrosion
- F01D5/286—Particular treatment of blades, e.g. to increase durability or resistance against corrosion or erosion
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/10—Manufacture by removing material
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2230/00—Manufacture
- F05D2230/90—Coating; Surface treatment
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
- F05D2250/62—Structure; Surface texture smooth or fine
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2250/00—Geometry
- F05D2250/60—Structure; Surface texture
- F05D2250/62—Structure; Surface texture smooth or fine
- F05D2250/621—Structure; Surface texture smooth or fine polished
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2260/00—Function
- F05D2260/20—Heat transfer, e.g. cooling
- F05D2260/221—Improvement of heat transfer
- F05D2260/2214—Improvement of heat transfer by increasing the heat transfer surface
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/20—Oxide or non-oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/21—Oxide ceramics
- F05D2300/2118—Zirconium oxides
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
- F05D—INDEXING SCHEME FOR ASPECTS RELATING TO NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES, GAS-TURBINES OR JET-PROPULSION PLANTS
- F05D2300/00—Materials; Properties thereof
- F05D2300/60—Properties or characteristics given to material by treatment or manufacturing
- F05D2300/611—Coating
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/12—All metal or with adjacent metals
- Y10T428/12451—Macroscopically anomalous interface between layers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24355—Continuous and nonuniform or irregular surface on layer or component [e.g., roofing, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31—Surface property or characteristic of web, sheet or block
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for processing a ceramic Protective layer coated gas turbine part according to the preamble of the independent Claim. Such a procedure is over US-A-4,576,874.
- a first protective layer of the turbine blade consists of a metallic one Alloy such as MCrAlY, where M is Ni, Co or Fe. This kind of metallic Coating serves as protection against oxidation.
- a second, rougher coating from MCrAlY is applied to it with other coating parameters. This layer is also called "bond-coating".
- Such coatings are numerous from the prior art and for example from US-A-3,528,861 or US-A-4,585,481.
- TBC Thermal Barrier Coating
- Ceramic coatings and methods for Coating are for example from the documents EP-A2-441 095, EP-A1-937,787, US-A-5,972,424, US-A-4,055,705, US-A-4,248,940, US-A-4,321,311, US-A-4,676,994, US-A-5,894,053.
- the applied protective layers have in usually a relatively high surface roughness. This surface roughness but influences the heat transfer in a positive way, so that the base material is subjected to thermal stress with increasing roughness. To avoid this is a method for smoothing the surface, for example, from Scripture EP-A2-1 088 908 known. On the other hand, however, a polished one influences Surface the flow behavior and in particular the separation behavior negative.
- EP-A1-1 081 332 discloses a turbine blade which is characterized that a strip with increased roughness is attached downstream. These Measure has a positive effect on the detachment behavior.
- US-A-4,576,874 discloses a process for applying a ceramic protective layer.
- WO97 / 21907 discloses a turbine blade suitable for use in the wet steam region is provided by Vorend- and final stages of steam turbines and a Erosion wear is caused by impacting water droplets and in the area the inlet edges and parts of the airfoil is treated so that a Reduction of erosion wear results.
- a particularly advantageous possibility To reduce the erosive effect is that the blade in the area of its leading edge and its blade back or in at least a portion of which has a surface roughness which is opposite to the Surface roughness of the front of the airfoil is significantly enhanced.
- this object is achieved in a method according to the claim 1 solved by the roughness of the already applied reduced ceramic layer on the base material at least a first place and at least a second place the original roughness of ceramic layer is maintained.
- the gas turbine section is a turbine blade coated with Y stabilized Zr oxide.
- the roughness can only at least one downstream point of the Turbine blade are maintained while the remaining surface of the turbine blade smoothed.
- the heat transfer is thus advantageously reduced, so that the heat transfer is deteriorated here, and with the same cooling performance improves the base material is cooled.
- the ceramic Protective layer rough, so that there is some turbulence generated and the flow longer. The efficiency of the entire system is through this simple Measures advantageously increased.
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a section through a turbine blade 1 of FIG Gas turbine.
- the turbine blade 1 is on the surface 2 with a ceramic Protective layer 3 has been coated.
- the ceramic protective layer 3 (Engl Barrier Coating, TBC), which is Y stabilized Zr oxide, serves as Protection against the turbine blade 1 flowing around hot gas 4, whose streamlines are visible in the figure 1.
- Such ceramic coatings and methods of coating are, for example from the documents EP-A2-441 095, EP-A1-937,787, US-A-5,972,424, U.S. Patent Nos. 4,055,705; 4,248,940; 321,311; 4,676,994; 5,894,053 known. It is known that the applied protective layer has a certain surface roughness having.
- the average roughness (R a , average roughness) at the first location 5 can be reduced to a maximum of 1/3 of the original average roughness.
- the roughness R T will thus reduce, for example, from about 50 ⁇ m to 20 ⁇ m.
- Such a smoothing of the TBC surface lowers the heat transfer coefficient by 20% to 30%. This therefore brings a significantly improved protection of the base material 1 used before the hot gases 4 at these points. 5
- the roughness of the ceramic Protective layer 3 at least one downstream location 6, at which the detachment the hot gas flow takes place be maintained.
- the detachment area 7 becomes thus overall smaller in comparison with a completely smooth surface, because at the risk of detachment 6 a certain turbulence, the detachment counteracts, is preserved.
- the remaining ceramic protective layer 3 is smoothed for the purpose of a deteriorated heat transfer, ie reduced to a maximum of 1/3 of the original roughness.
- On the smooth ground parts of the surface of the heat transfer is thus advantageously reduced, so that the heat transfer is further deteriorated here, and thus - with the same cooling performance - the base material is cooled improved.
- the digits are 6 but not connected, but independently. This measure further serves to positively influence the detachment behavior. Between these places 6 becomes roughness for the purpose of deteriorated heat transfer again completely reduced.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Turbine Rotor Nozzle Sealing (AREA)
- Other Surface Treatments For Metallic Materials (AREA)
Description
- Fig. 1
- einen Schnitt durch eine Turbinenschaufel zeigt, welche nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren bearbeitet wurde und
- Fig. 2
- einen Schnitt durch eine zweite Ausführungsform einer Turbinenschaufel zeigt, welche nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren bearbeitet wurde.
- 1
- Turbinenschaufel, Gasturbinenteil
- 2
- Oberfläche der Turbinenschaufel 1
- 3
- Keramische Schutzschicht
- 4
- Heissgas
- 5
- Stellen der Schutzschicht (3), bearbeitet
- 6
- Stellen der Schutzschicht (3), unbearbeitet
- 7
- Ablösegebiet
Claims (5)
- Verfahren zum Bearbeiten einer keramischen Schutzschicht (3), welche auf der Oberfläche (2) eines Gasturbinenteils (1) aufgetragen ist wobei die keramische Schutzschicht (3) nach dem Auftragen auf der Gasturbinenteil (1) eine gewisse Rauhigkeit aufweist,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Rauhigkeit der bereits aufgetragenen keramischen Schicht (3) auf dem Grundmaterial (1) an mindestens einer ersten Stelle (5) reduziert wird und an mindestens einer zweiten Stelle (6) die ursprüngliche Rauhigkeit der keramischen Schicht (3) beibehalten wird. - Bearbeitungsverfahren nach Anspruch 1,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Rauhigkeit der aufgetragenen keramischen Schicht (3) an der ersten Stelle (5) auf bis maximal 1/3 der ursprünglichen Durchschnittsrauhigkeit reduziert wird. - Bearbeitungsverfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 oder 2,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Gasturbinenteil (1) eine Turbinenschaufel (1) ist und die Rauhigkeit nur an mindestens einer der Strömung abgewandten und ablösegefährdeten Stelle (6) auf der Turbinenschaufel (1) beibehalten wird und auf der restlichen Oberfläche (2) der Turbinenschaufel (1) die Rauhigkeit reduziert wird. - Bearbeitungsverfahren nach Anspruch 3,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
das Gasturbinenteil (1) mit Y stabilisiertem Zr-Oxid beschichtet wird. - Bearbeitungsverfahren nach einem der vorangehenden Ansprüche,
dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
die Rauhigkeit durch Schleifen, Sandstrahlen, Polieren, Trowalisieren, Bürsten oder auf andere geeignete Art reduziert wird.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH14992001 | 2001-08-14 | ||
CH14992001 | 2001-08-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP1284337A1 EP1284337A1 (de) | 2003-02-19 |
EP1284337B1 true EP1284337B1 (de) | 2005-04-06 |
Family
ID=4565523
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP02405661A Expired - Lifetime EP1284337B1 (de) | 2001-08-14 | 2002-07-30 | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer beschichteten Gasturbinenschaufel |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US6773753B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP1284337B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE50202696D1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE10337019A1 (de) * | 2003-08-12 | 2005-03-10 | Alstom Technology Ltd Baden | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer beschichteten Gasturbinenschaufel |
US8137820B2 (en) * | 2006-02-24 | 2012-03-20 | Mt Coatings, Llc | Roughened coatings for gas turbine engine components |
WO2008049460A1 (de) * | 2006-10-24 | 2008-05-02 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur einstellung der oberflächenrauhigkeit bei niedertemperaturbeschichtungsverfahren und bauteil |
JP4793250B2 (ja) * | 2006-12-21 | 2011-10-12 | 株式会社Ihi | タービン翼 |
EP2725235A1 (de) * | 2012-10-24 | 2014-04-30 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Unterschiedlich raue Schaufel und zugehörige Herstellungsverfahren |
US20150114006A1 (en) * | 2013-10-29 | 2015-04-30 | General Electric Company | Aircraft engine strut assembly and methods of assembling the same |
CN104314618B (zh) * | 2014-10-09 | 2015-08-19 | 中国科学院工程热物理研究所 | 一种低压涡轮叶片结构及降低叶片损失的方法 |
US10252395B2 (en) * | 2015-02-16 | 2019-04-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Ceramic coating polishing method |
EP3680607A1 (de) * | 2019-01-08 | 2020-07-15 | Rolls-Royce plc | Oberflächenrauheitsmessung |
Family Cites Families (19)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB580806A (en) * | 1941-05-21 | 1946-09-20 | Alan Arnold Griffith | Improvements in compressor, turbine and like blades |
US3528861A (en) | 1968-05-23 | 1970-09-15 | United Aircraft Corp | Method for coating the superalloys |
US4248940A (en) | 1977-06-30 | 1981-02-03 | United Technologies Corporation | Thermal barrier coating for nickel and cobalt base super alloys |
CH616960A5 (en) * | 1976-02-25 | 1980-04-30 | Sulzer Ag | Components resistant to high-temperature corrosion. |
US4055705A (en) | 1976-05-14 | 1977-10-25 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Administrator Of The National Aeronautics And Space Administration | Thermal barrier coating system |
US4321311A (en) | 1980-01-07 | 1982-03-23 | United Technologies Corporation | Columnar grain ceramic thermal barrier coatings |
US4585481A (en) | 1981-08-05 | 1986-04-29 | United Technologies Corporation | Overlays coating for superalloys |
US4676994A (en) | 1983-06-15 | 1987-06-30 | The Boc Group, Inc. | Adherent ceramic coatings |
US4576874A (en) * | 1984-10-03 | 1986-03-18 | Westinghouse Electric Corp. | Spalling and corrosion resistant ceramic coating for land and marine combustion turbines |
US5087477A (en) | 1990-02-05 | 1992-02-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Eb-pvd method for applying ceramic coatings |
US5209644A (en) * | 1991-01-11 | 1993-05-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Flow directing element for the turbine of a rotary machine and method of operation therefor |
US5484980A (en) * | 1993-02-26 | 1996-01-16 | General Electric Company | Apparatus and method for smoothing and densifying a coating on a workpiece |
DE19545025A1 (de) | 1995-12-02 | 1997-06-05 | Abb Research Ltd | Verfahren zur Aufbringung einer metallischen Haftschicht für keramische Wärmedämmschichten auf metallische Bauteile |
DE19546008A1 (de) * | 1995-12-09 | 1997-06-12 | Abb Patent Gmbh | Turbinenschaufel, die für den Einsatz im Naßdampfbereich von Vorend- und Endstufen von Turbinen vorgesehen ist |
US6060177A (en) | 1998-02-19 | 2000-05-09 | United Technologies Corporation | Method of applying an overcoat to a thermal barrier coating and coated article |
US6103315A (en) * | 1998-04-13 | 2000-08-15 | General Electric Co. | Method for modifying the surface of a thermal barrier coating by plasma-heating |
US5972424A (en) | 1998-05-21 | 1999-10-26 | United Technologies Corporation | Repair of gas turbine engine component coated with a thermal barrier coating |
GB9920564D0 (en) * | 1999-08-31 | 1999-11-03 | Rolls Royce Plc | Axial flow turbines |
US6294261B1 (en) | 1999-10-01 | 2001-09-25 | General Electric Company | Method for smoothing the surface of a protective coating |
-
2002
- 2002-07-30 EP EP02405661A patent/EP1284337B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-07-30 DE DE50202696T patent/DE50202696D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 2002-08-05 US US10/211,352 patent/US6773753B2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE50202696D1 (de) | 2005-05-12 |
US20030035968A1 (en) | 2003-02-20 |
US6773753B2 (en) | 2004-08-10 |
EP1284337A1 (de) | 2003-02-19 |
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