EP1198643B1 - Dispositif d'application - Google Patents

Dispositif d'application Download PDF

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Publication number
EP1198643B1
EP1198643B1 EP01955224A EP01955224A EP1198643B1 EP 1198643 B1 EP1198643 B1 EP 1198643B1 EP 01955224 A EP01955224 A EP 01955224A EP 01955224 A EP01955224 A EP 01955224A EP 1198643 B1 EP1198643 B1 EP 1198643B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
nozzle
web
lips
nozzle body
roll
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP01955224A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP1198643A1 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Eichinger
Lothar Pfalzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Voith Patent GmbH
Original Assignee
Voith Patent GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Voith Patent GmbH filed Critical Voith Patent GmbH
Publication of EP1198643A1 publication Critical patent/EP1198643A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP1198643B1 publication Critical patent/EP1198643B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
    • B05C1/086—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line a pool of coating material being formed between a roller, e.g. a dosing roller and an element cooperating therewith
    • B05C1/0869—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line a pool of coating material being formed between a roller, e.g. a dosing roller and an element cooperating therewith the work contacting the pool
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C1/00—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating
    • B05C1/04—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length
    • B05C1/08—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line
    • B05C1/0826—Apparatus in which liquid or other fluent material is applied to the surface of the work by contact with a member carrying the liquid or other fluent material, e.g. a porous member loaded with a liquid to be applied as a coating for applying liquid or other fluent material to work of indefinite length using a roller or other rotating member which contacts the work along a generating line the work being a web or sheets
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C—APPARATUS FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
    • B05C9/00—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important
    • B05C9/04—Apparatus or plant for applying liquid or other fluent material to surfaces by means not covered by any preceding group, or in which the means of applying the liquid or other fluent material is not important for applying liquid or other fluent material to opposite sides of the work
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
    • D21H23/40—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper only one side of the paper being in contact with the material
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
    • D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D21H23/00—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper
    • D21H23/02—Processes or apparatus for adding material to the pulp or to the paper characterised by the manner in which substances are added
    • D21H23/22—Addition to the formed paper
    • D21H23/32—Addition to the formed paper by contacting paper with an excess of material, e.g. from a reservoir or in a manner necessitating removal of applied excess material from the paper
    • D21H23/42—Paper being at least partly surrounded by the material on both sides

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for applying a liquid medium to a moving web, in particular board web, with the features specified in the preamble of claim 1.
  • Generic devices serve the purpose of producing, processing or finishing a fibrous web, for example of paper or cardboard, to impregnate them with a liquid medium and / or to coat.
  • the application medium used is glue, starch or a color pigment-containing suspension or dispersion. With this treatment of the web certain properties of the web are to be changed and improved.
  • Fig.1 is a so-called size press described.
  • the size press consists of two parallel rolls, which form a nip traversed by the paper web. During operation of the device, a liquid sump exists between the web and each of the two rolls, so that the web is simultaneously impregnated from both sides.
  • This device has the disadvantage that with increasing web speed, the liquid present in the liquid sump is exposed to very high turbulence and the liquid in the environment (for example on device parts and on the web) squirts, whereby a uniform application to the web is no longer possible.
  • the supply device consists in each case of a Hauptverteilrohr distributed over its entire length arranged discharge openings, which in turn are connected to a flow channel for forming the sump.
  • the flow channel is part of a nozzle body.
  • the nozzle body consists of parallel walls which extend over the entire width of the device. Nozzle lips attached to these walls sink into the sump.
  • the nozzle body is centrally divided by a wall in said flow channel for supplying the sump and in another channel for withdrawing the medium from the sump by means of vacuum to form a reservoir. In the circulation medium from the reservoir is fed to the sump and withdrawn again.
  • the devices are quite elaborately designed, especially since the exhaust duct still a collection space is available from which the medium must be pumped into the reservoir. In addition, the entire device is permanently installed.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to improve the device mentioned in the preamble in terms of easier cleaning ability, ease of use and easier adaptation to given situations while largely avoiding sprays from the sump.
  • the nozzle body is starting from the nip outwards, bent or bent.
  • the shape is chosen so that in approximately an approximate shape to the rollers is achieved.
  • the lower part of the nozzle body is also adapted to the shape of, between the roller and the supporting running web existing gusset (which is filled by the sump) adapted.
  • the nozzle body is provided with a joint in order to be able to set the desired bending angle.
  • the desired size of the free surface of the sump can be adjusted.
  • the nozzle lips are suitably made of a plastic. They can be easily produced in any shape and size and easily screwed to the walls of the nozzle body or cling. In experiments, an immersion depth of up to about 80% of the height (or length) of the die lips has proven to be most effective for spray avoidance and uniformity of application or impregnation of the web.
  • the entire supply device is connected to a pivoting device.
  • the supply device can be pivoted away from the nip so that on the one hand there is sufficient space to clean the roller or rollers and, on the other hand, the device need not be removed if one of the rollers or both rollers has to be replaced.
  • the pivoting device should therefore be separated from the latter case by be supported by the roller bearing.
  • the device according to the invention is arranged or acts only on one side.
  • devices according to the invention are present on both sides of the material web.
  • rollers instead of rollers, other support elements, such as running, flexible endless belts can be provided.
  • the nozzle formed by the nozzle lips of the nozzle body discharges the application medium dispensing to the sump directly downwards, ie in the direction of the tip of the gusset. This ensures that the application medium reaches the lowest point of the gusset and can thus be reliably pressed into the fabric web in the nip.
  • a baffle By arranging a streamlined shaped baffle bar at a small distance below the outlet opening the incoming application medium is deflected in the radial direction. With the cross flows generated in this way, the unwanted eddies can be reduced.
  • FIG. 1 two rolls 1 and 1a are shown, which together form a nip (press nip) 4 passed through by the cardboard web 3.
  • the web 3 passes through the nip 4 substantially from top to bottom, wherein also an entry angle of the web in the nip is adjustable, but not shown.
  • a coating medium supply device 5 and 5a is provided on both sides of the web 3 for a simultaneous, double-sided application of the liquid medium, such as starch, to the web 3.
  • the liquid medium such as starch
  • the supply device 5 and 5a consists of a main distribution pipe 7 or 7a.
  • This Schoverteilrohr is designed machine-wide and receives the application medium in the end faces.
  • Through these tubes 8 and 8a quite targeted amounts of application medium can be fed into a respective metering gap 9 and 9a, so that a uniform feed over the entire web width and thus a uniform pressure distribution is possible.
  • a cover plate 18 and 18a protects the distribution pipes 8 and 8a against contamination. In addition, this results in a very closed, compact design of good design.
  • the metering gap 9 and 9a is located in the space of parallel, across the entire width of the device reaching walls 10 and 10a and 11 and 11a, wherein each of the walls 10 and 11 a nozzle body 12 and the walls 10a and 11a form a nozzle body 12a.
  • the lower part of the nozzle body 12 and 12a that is the part that dips into the sump 6 and 6a, consists of specially shaped, suitably converging nozzle lips 13 and 14 or 13a and 14a.
  • FIG. 2 illustrates a second embodiment of the nozzle 15 ,.15a.
  • the rest of the construction of the applicator device according to this second variant is otherwise basically the same as the embodiment according to FIG. 1 , Therefore, the same reference numerals have been retained.
  • the application medium is deflected by means of a streamlined shaped impact bar 20 , .20a.
  • the nozzle openings 15 and 15a can be characterized as transverse flow openings, from which the medium is dispensed radially in each case in the direction of the material web to be treated and the roll 1 or 1a. Also in the FIG. 2 the flow directions are shown with small arrows.
  • Swirling in the sump can be further reduced by using the second nozzle embodiment.
  • the strip 20, 20a is conically shaped in an advantageous, aerodynamically favorable manner and rounded off at the end pointing to the gusset tip.
  • This strip is either part of the complete nozzle body 12 and 12a, or part of a single nozzle lip 13, 13a, 14 or 14a, or a separately arranged component.
  • the size of the free surface of the sump 6 and 6a and also the immersion depth of the nozzle lips can be adjusted , This means that depending on how deep the die lips dip into the sump, the level of the sump can be raised or lowered. At a higher water level, a better penetration due to the longer residence time is achieved. The immersion depth can reach up to 80% of the total length the die lips amount. Despite a higher water level unwanted turbulence and Abspritzept from the device are greatly reduced.
  • FIG. 1 is to clarify the water level according to the prior art, with Pb (for P egelstand Isher b) and the present invention set water level designated by P.
  • the die lips are made of plastic in different sizes. They are easy to prepare and store, easy to clean, insensitive to corrosion and of low weight.
  • the nozzle body 12 , ie its walls 10, 11 and 10a, 11a in two parts - are made of upper part O and lower part U.
  • Upper part and lower part are detachable, for example by screwing, or hinged together.
  • the nozzle lips 13 and 14 and 13a, 14a are attached.
  • kits of different lengths and widths may be provided for the upper part O and lower part U, whereby the device according to the invention can also be adapted to coaters with other roll diameters without much effort.
  • the walls of the nozzle body 12 and 12 a are bent or as in the FIG. 1 shown, bent in the direction towards the roller. This design makes it possible that the device altogether manages with low overall height and therefore has better stability.
  • this flow slows down the flow of the medium in the metering gap 9 or 9a, thereby making it even more uniform.
  • this construction allows effective nip-inlet protection.
  • the upper part of the nozzle body (also the nozzle lips could be so made) made of stainless sheet metal and provided only with individual stiffening ribs 16 and 16 a, whereby the whole device is relatively easy to build.
  • pivoting means 17 and 17a are provided in the selected example, with which on the one hand, the position of the nozzle body is adjustable with its nozzle opening.
  • the entire feeding device can be pivoted away from the rollers or, better said, from the gussets Z and Za with the sump 6 or 6a, in the case of non-treatment of the web or when the rollers have to be cleaned or replaced. A complete dismantling of the device is often no longer necessary.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 shown apparatus is provided for two-sided, usually simultaneous order on both sides of the web. 3
  • only one-sided application is provided on only one of the two sides of the web 3.
  • the right (mirror image) half of the picture all parts of the device are supplemented with "a”.
  • the parts of the left or the right half of the image can either be left out entirely or simply swiveled away.

Landscapes

  • Coating Apparatus (AREA)
  • Eye Examination Apparatus (AREA)
  • Massaging Devices (AREA)
  • Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
  • Paper (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif pour l'application d'un milieu fluide sur au moins un côté d'une bande de matériau en mouvement, notamment une bande de carton, comprenant :
    a) au moins un rouleau (1, 1a) qui supporte la bande (3) ;
    b) au moins un dispositif d'alimentation (5, 5a) pour le milieu d'enduction, un bac de liquide (6, 6a) étant formé pendant le fonctionnement du dispositif entre le rouleau (1, 1a) et la bande (3),
    c) l'au moins un dispositif d'alimentation (5, 5a) présentant un corps de buse (12, 12a),
    d) le corps de buse étant fabriqué à partir de parois parallèles (10, 11, 10a, 11a) de la largeur de la machine, entre lesquelles est formée une fente de dosage (9, 9a) qui débouche dans une ouverture de buse (15, 15a),
    e) le corps de buse (12, 12a) étant pourvu de lèvres de buse (13, 14, 13a, 14a), les lèvres de buse (13, 14, 13a, 14a) étant montées sur les parois (10, 11, 10a, 11a) du corps de buse (12, 12a),
    f) les lèvres de buse (13, 14, 13a, 14a) plongeant avec leur ouverture de buse (15, 15a) dans le bac de liquide (6, 6a), la profondeur d'immersion des lèvres de buse (13, 14, 13a, 14a) pouvant être ajustée, caractérisé en ce que
    g) le corps de buse (12, 12a) est coudé ou cintré de telle sorte qu'il soit essentiellement adapté à la forme en section transversale du rouleau (1, 1a).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif d'alimentation (5 ; 5a) se compose d'un tube de distribution principal (7 ; 7a), dans lequel débouchent des tubes de distribution individuels (8 ; 8a) répartis sur toute la largeur de la machine, qui sont à leur tour raccordés au corps de buse (12 ; 12a).
  3. Dispositif selon les revendications 1 et 2,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les lèvres de buse (13, 14, respectivement 13a, 14a) sont configurées de manière remplaçable.
  4. Dispositif selon les revendications 1 à 3,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le corps de buse (12, 12a) est réalisé en deux parties, constituées d'une partie supérieure (O) et d'une partie inférieure (U), la partie supérieure et la partie inférieure étant raccordées l'une à l'autre de manière articulée.
  5. Dispositif selon les revendications 3 et 4,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les lèvres de buse (13, 14 ; 13a, 14a) sont montées sur la partie inférieure (U) du corps de buse (12, 12a).
  6. Dispositif selon les revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'ouverture de buse (15, 15a) formée par les lèvres de buse (13, 14 ; 13a, 14a) est disposée de telle sorte que le milieu d'enduction s'écoule hors de ladite ouverture de buse (15, 15a) approximativement parallèlement à la direction d'avance du rouleau (1, 1a) et de la bande de matériau (3).
  7. Dispositif selon les revendications 1 à 5,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les lèvres de buse (13, 14 ; 13a, 14a) forment conjointement avec une baguette d'impact (20, 20a) l'ouverture de buse (15, 15a), de sorte que le milieu d'enduction quitte ladite ouverture de buse (15, 15a) sous forme d'écoulements transversaux radiaux.
  8. Dispositif selon l'une quelconque ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le dispositif d'alimentation (5, 5a) est connecté à au moins un dispositif pivotant (17, 17a).
  9. Dispositif pour l'application des deux côtés d'un milieu fluide sur une bande de matériau en mouvement (3) ayant les caractéristiques d'une ou plusieurs des revendications précédentes, dans lequel deux rouleaux (1 et 1a) sont prévus, lesquels forment ensemble un pinçage (4) à travers lequel passe la bande (3), et un deuxième dispositif d'alimentation (5a) étant prévu des deux côté de la bande (3), de sorte qu'un deuxième bac (6a) soit formé et que les deux dispositifs d'alimentation (5, 5a) puissent être sollicités indépendamment l'un de l'autre par du milieu d'enduction.
  10. Dispositif selon la revendication 9,
    caractérisé en ce que
    l'on prévoit un deuxième dispositif pivotant (17a), les deux dispositifs pivotants (17, 17a) pouvant être actionnés indépendamment l'un de l'autre.
EP01955224A 2000-07-04 2001-06-29 Dispositif d'application Expired - Lifetime EP1198643B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE10032500 2000-07-04
DE10032500A DE10032500A1 (de) 2000-07-04 2000-07-04 Auftragsvorrichtung
PCT/DE2001/002426 WO2002004744A1 (fr) 2000-07-04 2001-06-29 Dispositif d'application

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP1198643A1 EP1198643A1 (fr) 2002-04-24
EP1198643B1 true EP1198643B1 (fr) 2010-12-01

Family

ID=7647764

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP01955224A Expired - Lifetime EP1198643B1 (fr) 2000-07-04 2001-06-29 Dispositif d'application

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US6626127B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP1198643B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE490371T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE10032500A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2002004744A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10131680A1 (de) 2001-06-29 2003-01-23 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Auftragsvorrichtung
GB2391871A (en) * 2002-08-16 2004-02-18 Qinetiq Ltd Depositing conductive solid materials using reservoirs in a printhead
DE10260847A1 (de) * 2002-12-23 2004-07-01 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung und/oder Behandlung einer Materialbahn
DE10358219A1 (de) * 2003-12-12 2005-07-07 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh Verwendung eines Kunststoffes oder eines Kunststoff-Verbundwerkstoffes oder -Gemisches für eine Auftrags-Vorrichtung
FI7399U1 (fi) * 2006-06-21 2007-02-20 Metso Paper Inc Sovitelma kuiturainan käsittelemiseksi
CN101433888B (zh) * 2008-11-14 2012-05-23 北京星和众工设备技术股份有限公司 淋涂式单张金属板材辊涂机构
DE202009016157U1 (de) 2009-11-26 2010-03-04 Metso Paper, Inc. Sprüh- und Teichleimpressvorrichtung für eine Papier- oder Kartonbahn
DE102010029617A1 (de) 2010-06-02 2011-12-08 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gestrichenen, mehrlagigen Faserstoffbahn
DE102010029615A1 (de) 2010-06-02 2011-12-08 Voith Patent Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung einer gestrichenen, mehrlagigen Faserstoffbahn
JP7194719B2 (ja) * 2020-10-28 2022-12-22 本田技研工業株式会社 材料層形成装置

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4340623A (en) 1980-12-08 1982-07-20 Beloit Corporation High speed size press
US4358484A (en) 1981-01-26 1982-11-09 Beloit Corporation Method for high speed size application
US4407224A (en) * 1981-01-26 1983-10-04 Beloit Corporation Apparatus for high speed size application
DE29513970U1 (de) * 1995-08-31 1995-11-30 Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH, 89522 Heidenheim Vorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit auf eine Faserstoffbahn
DE29610446U1 (de) * 1996-06-14 1996-09-05 Voith Sulzer Papiermaschinen GmbH, 89522 Heidenheim Vorrichtung zum Auftragen einer Flüssigkeit auf eine Faserstoffbahn

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE10032500A1 (de) 2002-01-17
EP1198643A1 (fr) 2002-04-24
ATE490371T1 (de) 2010-12-15
WO2002004744A1 (fr) 2002-01-17
DE50115724D1 (de) 2011-01-13
US20020162503A1 (en) 2002-11-07
US6626127B2 (en) 2003-09-30

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