EP0752033B1 - Structure consisting of prefabricated components - Google Patents

Abstract

PCT No. PCT/DE95/00355 Sec. 371 Date Nov. 4, 1996 Sec. 102(e) Date Nov. 4, 1996 PCT Filed Mar. 15, 1995 PCT Pub. No. WO95/27106 PCT Pub. Date Oct. 12, 1995The invention relates to a building comprising prefabricated components formed as wall and ceiling panels which are produced with a frame; the frame is an assembly of beam and angle parts which are held together and filled with a building material, such as mortar, concrete or Torcret, so as to form a flat panel.

Description

The invention relates to a building consisting of prefabricated components, these components, in particular wall and ceiling panels, being manufactured with the aid of a lost formwork, and this lost formwork being produced from semi-finished parts.

It is already known as prior art (GB-A-683767; FR-A-2206420) to build structures from prefabricated parts. The construction of such structures is quick, but is usually expensive. These costs consist of high labor costs, maintenance costs for formwork, hoists, transport costs and other ancillary costs.

In contrast, the present invention has for its object to provide a structure of the type mentioned, which can be constructed quickly and inexpensively from an economic point of view and still has a long service life.

This object is achieved with the features of claim 1. This has the advantage that the building consisting of prefabricated components can be constructed quickly and inexpensively, since the aforementioned costs are considerably reduced. The less formwork is required, for example, the less maintenance costs are incurred for this formwork. Furthermore, there are fewer shuttering and stripping areas compared to the known prior art, which results in a reduction in labor costs.

The semi-finished parts are advantageously made lying on formwork, if possible in the area of the construction site, in handy formats. These semi-finished parts can be of different dimensions, which are so light that they can be transported by hand. Then, when the mortar or Torkret concrete has set, the semi-finished parts are put together to form a lost formwork.

So that these semi-finished parts are sufficiently rigid, they are advantageously reinforced with reinforcement made of structural steel. In order to be able to align the individual semi-finished parts more easily and precisely, they are preferably provided with adjustments, for example in the form of sleeves and spikes, tongue and groove. Corresponding semi-finished parts are also inserted into the lost formwork for openings for doors, windows, recesses etc.

The erected and aligned semi-finished parts are connected with wire or connecting reinforcement and then gate-locked at the connection points or fixed with mortar. If the Torkret material or mortar has set, the lost formwork can be filled with filling material such as concrete, lightweight concrete or other building materials. There is also the possibility that the lost formwork is used as a molding box for brick assembly blocks or for other blocks or various types of filling material. The part created in this way is a prefabricated component, in particular wall, ceiling or roof panels for buildings of all kinds.

The semi-finished parts for the production of the lost formwork have profiles, preferably conical indentations, which offer space for structural reinforcement and potting compound as well as for displacement aids. These displacement aids can be continuous, horizontal metal profiles with height-adjustable elements, for example screws, reinforcing bars or profiled steel for the vertical one Aligning the prefabricated components and to prevent them from tipping over, such as complete offset gauges for completely aligning the prefabricated components in any desired position, for example in an inclined position.

A faster workflow can alternatively be achieved by placing a band iron around the entire formwork in the outer area, which is preferably located in the conical groove of the semi-finished parts. If the band iron is sufficiently dimensioned, the formwork element can be filled up immediately. This saves the setting time of locking the connection points.

Instead of strip iron, there is also the alternative of holding the semi-finished parts together with the help of squared timber or steel girders. This allows the part in question to be refilled on the same day or immediately thereafter. Another feature is that the semi-finished part or the lost formwork has more weight than in previously known constructions. This means that when filling in the lost formwork, floating when concreting or shaking is less likely to occur, since the additional weight of the steel girders or wooden bars increases their own weight.

In the case of very long, lost formwork, there is an alternative within the scope of the invention that a tie rod is attached at certain intervals, so that the side walls are prevented from kinking. This tie rod can, for example, be made of structural steel (round steel), which is secured on both sides with a formwork turnbuckle.

In a further embodiment of the invention, the semi-finished parts can be mitered at the corners, so that they can also be mitred. This allows the part to be advantageously manufactured without corner pieces. This The advantage of this procedure is that users can simply put the individual parts together.

According to a further feature of the invention, light concrete can alternatively be provided for the production of the semi-finished parts for filling concrete or mortar, which has the advantage that the outer walls have no cold bridges, i. H. the individual parts have a heat-insulating effect.

To connect the individual semi-finished parts or for precise adjustment, indentations or recesses can be provided at the ends in a further embodiment of the invention, into which flat iron or round steel are inserted with a precise fit when the parts are assembled.

There is also the possibility of providing perforations at the ends of the semi-finished parts, which pass through the entire wall thickness of the parts and are preferably in the region of the conical indentations. When assembling the semi-finished parts, a steel bracket made of round steel (U-shaped) is then bent through the perforations; the ends of the brackets are then bent over on the inside of the formwork and thus hold the parts together.

There is the possibility of a double-row arrangement of the perforations, preferably in the area of the conical indentations, which results in an improved adjustment and a better hold.

Fig. 1

eine perspektivische Ansicht eines schematisch dargestellten Bauwerkes

Fig. 2a

eine Seitenansicht eines in einer Formschalung angeordneten Halbfertigteils im senkrechten Mittelschnitt

Fig. 2b

eine Draufsicht auf das Halbfertigteil nach Fig. 2a, teils gebrochen

Fig. 2c

ein in einer Formschalung angeordnetes Halbfertigteil im senkrechten Mittelschnitt in anderer Ausführungsform

Fig. 3

ein als Winkelstück ausgebildetes Halbfertigteil in perspektivischer Ansicht

Fig. 3a

eine andere Ausführungsmöglichkeit der Gestaltung des Winkelstückes in perspektivischer Ansicht

Fig. 4

ein als Balken ausgebildetes Halbfertigteil in perspektivischer Ansicht

Fig. 4a

eine weitere Ausführungsmöglichkeit des als Balken ausgebildeten Halbfertigteils in perspektivischer Ansicht

Fig. 5

ein aus Halbfertigteilen hergestellter Rahmen in perspektivischer Ansicht

Fig. 5a

ein aus Halbfertigteilen hergestellter Rahmen in perspektivischer Ansicht in weiterer Ausführungsmöglichkeit

Fig. 6

eine nähere Darstellung des Rahmens nach Fig. 5 in perspektivischer Ansicht

Fig. 6a,b,c

verschiedene Ausführungsmöglichkeiten des Rahmens in perspektivischer Darstellung

Fig. 7

ein nach Fig. 5 und 6 erstellter Rahmen, bestehend aus Halbfertigteilen mit an den Verbindungsstellen mit Torkret-Beton bzw. Mörtel versehene Fixierung, in perspektivischer Ansicht

Fig. 8

ein aus Halbfertigteilen bestehendes Bauteil gemäß der vorliegenden Erfindung in perspektivischer Ansicht, teils gebrochen

Fig. 9

einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie IX - IX in Fig. 1

Fig. 10

ein in einer Formschalung angeordnetes Halbfertigteil, welches als Deckenplatte einsetzbar ist, senkrecht geschnitten

Fig. 11

einen Schnitt durch ein Halbfertigteil und eine Wandplatte, im Bodenbereich, mit Justierelementen, senkrecht geschnitten

Fig. 12

ein waagrechter Schnitt durch zwei aneinander grenzende Enden von Halbfertigteilen und Wandplatten gemäß Fig. 2c

The invention is described below with reference to exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. The drawing shows:

Fig. 1

a perspective view of a schematically illustrated building

Fig. 2a

a side view of a semi-finished part arranged in a formwork in the vertical central section

Fig. 2b

a plan view of the semi-finished part of FIG. 2a, partly broken

Fig. 2c

a semi-finished part arranged in a formwork in the vertical center section in another embodiment

Fig. 3

a semi-finished part designed as an elbow in perspective view

Fig. 3a

another embodiment of the design of the elbow in a perspective view

Fig. 4

a semi-finished part designed as a bar in a perspective view

Fig. 4a

a further embodiment of the semi-finished part designed as a bar in a perspective view

Fig. 5

a perspective view of a frame made from semi-finished parts

Fig. 5a

a frame made of semi-finished parts in a perspective view in another embodiment

Fig. 6

a closer view of the frame of FIG. 5 in a perspective view

6a, b, c

different execution options of the frame in perspective

Fig. 7

5 and 6 created frame, consisting of semi-finished parts with fixation provided at the joints with Torkret concrete or mortar, in a perspective view

Fig. 8

a component consisting of semi-finished parts according to the present invention in perspective view, partly broken

Fig. 9

a section along the line IX - IX in Fig. 1st

Fig. 10

a semi-finished part arranged in a formwork, which can be used as a ceiling slab, cut vertically

Fig. 11

a section through a semi-finished part and a wall plate, in the floor area, with adjustment elements, cut vertically

Fig. 12

a horizontal section through two adjacent ends of semi-finished parts and wall panels according to FIG. 2c

In Fig. 1, a building 20 is shown schematically, which consists of prefabricated with the help of a lost formwork 2 components 1 and 1 '. This lost formwork 2 is made from semi-finished parts 3 or 3 'or 3 ", whereby these semi-finished parts, which are shown in more detail in the following figures, only form the end faces or narrow sides of the prefabricated components 1 and 1'.

These components 1 can be provided with cutouts 18 for windows or 18 'for doors. Each of these components 1 has a conical indentation 6, which will be described later and which can be filled with casting compound 14.

Furthermore, in the area of the lost formwork 2, auxiliary displacement devices 15 can be arranged which, for example, protrude over the respective components 1 as cones made of structural steel and serve as reinforcing bars. The ceiling structure of the structure 20 can also consist of prefabricated components 1 'according to the invention, which in turn is designed so that the lost formwork is made from semi-finished parts, these semi-finished parts in turn only being used on the front or narrow sides of the prefabricated components 1'. Each of these components 1 'has an indentation 6' described in more detail later. Two adjacent recesses 6 'of adjacent components 1' thus form a space which can be filled with potting compound 14.

In Fig. 2a, the creation of a semi-finished part 3 is shown in vertical section: As can be seen, a formwork 10 is used which has two flat surfaces 25 and 26 in cross section. On the inside, these two surfaces between 25 and 26 merge into two inclined surfaces 27 and 28, which are delimited in the upper area by a further flat surface 29. The surfaces 27, 28 and 29 serve to create a profile in the form of a conical indentation 6 for the semi-finished part 3. This conical indentation is used to hold potting compound 14 or displacement aids 15 shown in FIG. 1.

The formwork 10 is delimited at its end regions by boundary walls 30. Mortar 4 or Torkret concrete is introduced into this formwork 10, reinforcements 5 made of structural steel and adjusting elements 17 also being embedded in this material. Furthermore, according to FIGS. 2a and 2b, connecting or transport loops 9 can be embedded in the material 4 at the ends.

In the embodiment of Fig. 2c, the formwork 10 'can be designed so that it is essentially two at right angles faces 31 and 32 which are in relation to one another and are delimited by side walls 30. Again, mortar or gate chalk is poured into this formwork 10, reinforcements 5 made of structural steel, connecting or transport loops 9 and adjusting elements in the form of sleeves 17 are embedded in the material.

After the mortar 4 or the door scrub has set, the semi-finished parts 3 can be removed from the respective formwork 10 or 10 '.

According to FIG. 4, there is, for example, a bar as a semi-finished part 3, which in the end regions has the connecting or. Has transport loops 9 and is provided on the outside with the conical indentations 6.

According to FIGS. 3 and 5, there is also the possibility of designing the semi-finished parts 3 "as angle pieces 8, again with the corresponding conical indentations 6, with loops 9 and with adjustments 17. FIGS. 3a and 4a show recesses 17 ', each of which in the end areas of the semi-finished parts 3 or 3 ". Profile elements 17", for example made of flat iron or round steel, can be inserted with a precise fit when assembling the parts; they replace or supplement the adjustments 17.

The angle pieces 8, which consist of the semi-finished parts 3 "and the beams, which are formed from the semi-finished parts 3, can be assembled according to FIG. 5 into a frame 40 (lost formwork 2). This frame 40 is shown in more detail in FIG. 6: As can be seen, the loops 9 can be connected to one another at the ends of the angle pieces 8 or the beams via connections 11 in the form of structural steel or wire, so that overall a provisionally created frame 40 results, which on the outside, for example, all around with the conical indentation 6 is provided and represents the lost formwork 2.

According to Fig. 5a, the frame (lost formwork 2) can also be designed so that only semi-finished parts 3 are used, which are each mitered at the corners, so that they are also mitred. The frame 40 can thus advantageously be manufactured without the corner pieces. This procedure has the advantage that users have the semi-finished parts 3 assembled into the frame 40 in a simplified manner.

This frame is alternatively shown in detail in Fig. 6a: This figure shows a lost formwork, which is composed of the semi-finished parts 3 or 3 "and connected to one another with connections 11 via the loop 9. If a faster workflow is desired, then alternatively 6, a band iron 50, which holds the semi-finished parts together like a ring, is placed around the entire formwork in the outer area. This ring preferably lies in a groove 51, ie the conical indentation 6 of the semi-finished parts 3 or 3 ″.

If the ring 50 is dimensioned adequately, the formwork element can then be filled up immediately. This saves the setting time of locking the connection points in the area of elements 9 and 11.

According to FIG. 6b there is alternatively also the possibility of joining or holding together the semi-finished parts 3 and 3 ″ in the form of squared timbers 50 ′ or steel beams, which have the same effect as the ring 50 according to FIG. 6a. This advantageously results in the semi-finished parts being held together, so that the part can be filled or concreted on the same day or immediately thereafter. Another advantage is that the lost formwork has more weight; this means that when filling in the lost formwork, floating when concreting or shaking is less likely to occur, since the additional weight of the steel girders or wooden bars 50 'increases the dead weight.

In the case of very long lost formwork, it makes sense to attach a tie rod 52 at certain intervals according to FIG. 6b, so that the side walls of the semi-finished parts 3 or 3 'are prevented from buckling. This tie rod 52 can be a structural steel (round steel), which is secured on both sides with a formwork turnbuckle, not shown.

According to FIG. 6 c, there is the possibility of making perforations 19 at the ends of the semi-finished parts, which pass through the entire wall thickness of the semi-finished parts and preferably lie in the region of the conical indentations 6.

When assembling the semi-finished parts 3 and 3 ", a steel bracket 11 'made of round steel (U-shaped bent) is then pushed through the perforations; on the inside of the formwork 40, the ends of the steel bracket 11' are bent and thus hold the semi-finished parts together the loops 9 and connections 11 shown in FIG. 6 are omitted.

In FIG. 6c, a double-row arrangement of the perforations 19 is also shown in the lower right area, which are preferably always in the area of the conical indentations 6. This results in an improved adjustment and an additional hold.

7, this frame 40 is fixed on the inside at least in the areas of the adjoining ends of the beams 3 and the angle pieces 3 ″ with Torkret 7 or 7 ′ or with mortar. This advantageously ensures that the lost formwork 2 is rigid and is dimensionally stable and does not float when filled with product.

If the Torkret material 7 or 7 'or the mortar has set, the lost formwork 2 can be filled with filling material 12, for example in the form of concrete, lightweight concrete or other building materials, according to FIG. 8.

There is also the possibility that these frames can be filled as a molding box for brick assembly blocks. Furthermore, this frame can be used as a molding box for brick assembly modules, or other modules or for all kinds of contents.

The part now set according to FIG. 8 is a prefabricated component 1 which can be used for buildings 20 of any kind.

FIG. 9 shows a section along the line IX-IX in FIG. 1. As can be seen, the conical indentations 6 of the semi-finished parts 3 lying opposite one another create a space which can be fitted with displacement aids, for example in the form of reinforcing bars 15. In addition, potting compound 14 is introduced into this intermediate space, which connects the two adjacent semi-finished parts 3 and thus the components 1 to one another.

According to FIG. 10, there is also the possibility of providing a part as molded formwork 10 "which has two level surfaces 33 and 34 which are offset in height and which are connected to one another by an inclined surface 35. Furthermore, analogous to the embodiment according to FIG. 2a, one is in the end region Boundary wall 30 is provided.

With the help of this formwork 10 ", a semi-finished part 3 'can be created, which serves as part of the lost formwork 2 for the manufacture of a ceiling slab 1' according to Fig. 1. Analogous to the aforementioned embodiments, this semi-finished part 3 'with stiffeners 5, loops 9, for Transport and for connection as well as provided with adjustments 17. After the mortar 4 has set in the formwork 10 ", this semi-finished part 3 'can be lifted out of the formwork 10" and can, since provided with the indentation 6' and the other elements, the Form the basis for the creation of a component 1 ′, in a manner analogous to the statements relating to FIGS. 3 to 8.

Fig. 11 shows a semi-finished part 3 in the foot area. As can be seen, a, for example continuous, horizontal metal profile 13 is arranged in the conical indentation 6, which has a height-adjustable element, for example in the form of a screw, in the lower region. This makes it possible to adjust the component 1 in a functionally correct manner with respect to the floor.

Fig. 12 shows two abutting ends of semi-finished parts 3 ', as they were created by the formwork according to Fig. 2c. As can be seen, there is a large space which is filled with potting compound 14 and with auxiliary displacement devices 15 and reinforcements 5. The potting compound 14 can serve as a load-bearing support.

Furthermore, there is the possibility in all designs that the auxiliary displacement devices 13 and 15 serve as a substructure or as fastening devices for protective and working scaffolds or as fastening devices for hoists of all types in order to be able to move the components 1 and 1 'accordingly.

For the production of the semi-finished parts, as shown in FIGS. 2a, 2b and 2c, light concrete, for example, can alternatively be provided for filling concrete or mortar, which has the advantage that the outer walls have no cold bridges, i. H. the parts have an insulating effect, in particular heat insulation.

All in all, with the help of the semi-finished parts 3 or 3 'or 3 "produced in molded formwork 10 or 10' or 10", it is possible to create components 1 or 1 'which can be produced at low cost and thus overall contribute to reducing the cost of a building 20.

Claims (14)

1. A structure (20), consisting of prefabricated components (1, 1'), these components, in particular wall and ceiling slabs, having been produced with the aid of a lost mould (2) and this lost mould (2) being produced from semi-finished parts (3, 3', 3''),
   characterised in that

   the semi-finished parts are in the form of beams (3, 3') and angle pieces (3''),

   that the beams (3, 3') and the angle pieces (3'') are initially assembled by means of in each case at least one wire or structural steel connection (11) in the region of connecting loops (9) to form a frame (40) and

   that the frame (40) is fixed on the inside at least in the region of the adjoining ends of the beams (3, 3') and of the angle pieces (3'') with Torcrete (7, 7') or with mortar (4).
2. A structure according to Claim 1, characterised in that the lost mould (2) can be filled with filler (12) once the Torcrete (7, 7') or the mortar (4) has set.
3. A structure according to Claim 1, characterised in that the beams (3, 3') and the angle pieces (3'') are enclosed by a ring (50; 50') running around the external periphery.
4. A structure according to Claim 1, characterised in that the ring (50) is made of steel strip.
5. A structure according to Claims 3 and 4, wherein the beam and angle pieces each have a groove as a conical recess, characterised in that the ring (50) made from steel strip is arranged in the groove.
6. A structure according to Claim 3, characterised in that the ring (50') is designed as a square timber or as a steel girder.
7. A structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that at least one tie rod (52) is arranged at least between the beams (3, 3') of the semi-finished parts.
8. A structure according to Claim 7, characterised in that the tie rod (52) made of structural steel is fastened at at least one end to the adjoining beam by means of a mould turnbuckle.
9. A structure according to Claim 1, characterised by perforations (19) made in the semi-finished parts (3, 3', 3'') at their adjoining ends for connecting loops (11') to pass through.
10. A structure according to Claim 9, characterised in that the perforations (19) are arranged in the region of a circumambient groove (51) designed as a conical recess (6).
11. A structure according to Claims 9 and 10, characterised by dual rows of perforations (19) at least in one region of the semi-finished parts (3, 3', 3'').
12. A structure according to Claim 1, characterised in that the end regions of the semi-finished parts (3, 3', 3'') have recesses (17') into which profiled elements (17'') can be inserted when the semi-finished parts are assembled.
13. A structure according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterised in that the semi-finished parts (3) are each mitred and assembled at the end regions.
14. A structure according to one or more of Claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the semi-finished parts (3) are made from lightweight concrete.

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