EP0228347B1 - Process for controlling the application of colours in a printing machine, printing device equipped therewith and measuring device for such a printing device - Google Patents

Process for controlling the application of colours in a printing machine, printing device equipped therewith and measuring device for such a printing device Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0228347B1
EP0228347B1 EP86810562A EP86810562A EP0228347B1 EP 0228347 B1 EP0228347 B1 EP 0228347B1 EP 86810562 A EP86810562 A EP 86810562A EP 86810562 A EP86810562 A EP 86810562A EP 0228347 B1 EP0228347 B1 EP 0228347B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
colour
printing
deviations
color
process according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
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EP86810562A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0228347A1 (en
EP0228347B2 (en
Inventor
Helmut Prof. Dr. Kipphan
Gerhard Löffler
Guido Keller
Hans Ott
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X Rite Switzerland GmbH
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
Original Assignee
Gretag AG
Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG
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Application filed by Gretag AG, Heidelberger Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical Gretag AG
Priority to AT86810562T priority Critical patent/ATE47564T1/en
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41F—PRINTING MACHINES OR PRESSES
    • B41F33/00—Indicating, counting, warning, control or safety devices
    • B41F33/0036—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control
    • B41F33/0045—Devices for scanning or checking the printed matter for quality control for automatically regulating the ink supply
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B41—PRINTING; LINING MACHINES; TYPEWRITERS; STAMPS
    • B41P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO PRINTING, LINING MACHINES, TYPEWRITERS, AND TO STAMPS
    • B41P2233/00—Arrangements for the operation of printing presses
    • B41P2233/50—Marks on printed material
    • B41P2233/51—Marks on printed material for colour quality control
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/45—Sensor for ink or dampening fluid thickness or density
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S101/00—Printing
    • Y10S101/46—Printing operation controlled by code indicia on printing plate or substate

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for controlling the ink application in a printing press according to the preamble of patent claim 1, a printing system suitable for carrying out the method according to the preamble of patent claim 16 and a measuring device intended to generate control data for such a printing system according to the preamble of patent claim 20.
  • control of the color guide is the most important way to influence the image impression. It takes place after visual assessment or on the basis of densitometric analyzes of color measuring fields that are also printed. An example of the latter control is described in DE-A-2 728 738.
  • the present invention is intended to improve the control of the ink flow in printing machines to the effect that a higher degree of agreement in the image impression is achieved between the proof or proof set and the production run and the production run remains stable in the color impression or color changes are recognized.
  • the essence of the present invention thus lies in the fact that the principle of densitometric color density measurement is abandoned and replaced by spectral color measurement, the spectral remissions of the measured test areas being determined and the control of the color guidance (at least during the set-up phase of the printing press) based on these spectral remissions or the derived colorimetric parameters and not based on density measurements.
  • the image impressions of sensitive, image-important points in the production run can be optimally matched to those of the proof or replacement, whereby to a certain extent color deviations due to different tonal value increases and other material and process influences are compensated for.
  • the color measurement itself can be carried out on printed color test fields or at suitably selected points (test areas) in the image.
  • the printing system shown in FIG. 1 essentially corresponds to the known systems of this type, for example the system according to DE-A-2 728 738, which is still to be explained, in accordance with the invention in the measurement value acquisition part.
  • the pressure system shown comprises a measurement value acquisition device 10, a control console 20 and a printing press 30 equipped with a remotely controllable ink guide.
  • printing sheets 40 generated by the printing press 30 are photoelectrically measured in a number of test areas, for example in selected locations of the printed image or in the area of color measurement fields 41 that are also printed, and control data 11 are determined from the measurement data obtained in this way, which are the color deviations of the correspond to printing inks involved in printing in the individual printing zones and printing units and are supplied as input variables to the control console 20.
  • the control console 20 generates control signals 21 from the control data 11, which adjust the ink guide elements of the printing press 30 in such a way that the color deviations are minimal.
  • the device 10 comprises a measuring head 101 which, for. B. is movable by means of a stepper motor 102 relative to the printed sheet to be measured.
  • a handheld measuring head 103 is also provided, which can be positioned manually on the desired test area of the printed sheet.
  • the two measuring heads 101 and 103 contain ten a measurement arrangement, not shown, which the test area to be measured z. B. illuminated according to the usual standard at 45 ° and the light reflected from the test area at 90 ° and coupled into a light guide 104, which feeds it to a spectrometer 105. (Of course, the remitted light can also be supplied to the spectrometer by other means.) There the remitted light is spectrally broken down and measured.
  • the measurement data obtained in this way are fed to a computer 106, which determines the control data 11 for the control console 20 from them in a manner to be explained.
  • the computer 106 operates or controls a driver electronics 107 for the stepper motor 102 and the supply of the light sources in the measuring heads 101 and 103 and a data display device 108, a printer 109 and a keyboard 110, all essentially as in the known one Device.
  • the primarily relevant difference of the measured value acquisition device 10 shown for the invention compared to the known device mentioned is that it is set up for spectral color analysis of the test areas to be specifically measured and thus for colorimetric analysis, while the known device is only able to measure densitometric color densities , so no color measurement / colorimetry allowed.
  • the second essential difference is the evaluation of the photoelectric measurement data with regard to the control of the color guidance.
  • FIG. 3 shows the basic structure (known per se) of spectrometer 105.
  • the measuring light supplied via one of the measuring heads 101 and 103 via the fiber-optic light guide 104 (or directly) acts on a holographic grating 151 via an entry slit and is spatially split by the latter according to wavelengths.
  • the so spectrally decomposed light falls on a line-shaped arrangement of z. B.
  • 35 photodiodes 152 that each photodiode is exposed to light of an individual, relatively narrow wavelength range.
  • the measurement signals generated by the 35 photodiodes thus correspond to the spectral intensity distribution of the measurement light at 35 discrete support points (wavelength ranges).
  • an interface (interface) 153 is provided which amplifies and digitizes the measurement signals and thus brings them into a form which the computer 106 can understand.
  • the interface could of course also be arranged in the computer.
  • the measured value acquisition device 10, the control console 20 and the actual printing press 30 form a closed control loop.
  • the ink flow is regulated on the basis of densitometric density measurements of the printing inks involved. If there are deviations from the corresponding target density values, these are corrected by the control console by appropriate adjustment of the color guide elements, i.e. made zero or within the permissible tolerance range.
  • the color guide control is therefore color density controlled.
  • the principle of color density-controlled color guidance is abandoned and is substantially supplemented by a control based on spectral color measurement and colorimetry.
  • the spectral remissions are determined by spectral measurement and, if necessary, the color values of a selected color coordinate system are determined by conversion and compared with corresponding target remissions or target color values.
  • the color guidance is then controlled on the basis of the deviations in the spectral remissions or the color values from the target values (“color distances”) and no longer on the basis of the deviations in the densitometric color densities.
  • the control is preferably carried out with the proviso that the total distance of a printing zone resulting from the sum of the color distances of different test areas should be minimal, wherein each test area and correspondingly its color distance can, if desired, be taken into account with an individual weight.
  • control according to color coordinates is described below. In principle, the same applies to the control according to spectral remissions.
  • the color coordinate system on which the color measurement is based is in itself arbitrary. However, the L * a * b * system or the L * u * v * system of the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) is preferably used.
  • the color locus is understood to mean the coordinate triple (L * , a ", b") or (L * , u * , v "), the color distance corresponds to the vector ⁇ E Lab or ⁇ E Luv or the individual vectors ( ⁇ L * , ⁇ a *, ⁇ b °) or ( ⁇ L *, ⁇ u °, ⁇ v °)
  • the setpoint values of the color coordinates (setpoint color locations) for the individual test areas can be entered into the measured value acquisition device 10, for example manually, using the keyboard 110.
  • the entire control system is, according to the illustration, divided into the two components of the measured value recording device 10 and control console 20 and are those of Measured value acquisition device 10 generates control signals 11 of exactly the same type as in the known color density measuring systems, so that the measured value acquisition device 10 according to the invention can thus be connected directly to the known control console 20 mentioned and only the measured value acquisition device has to be replaced in order to convert a corresponding pressure system to the method according to the invention.
  • the computer 110 forms the color distance vector ⁇ E ⁇ for each test area.
  • Each of these vectors AE n is now weighted with a weight factor g n , so that each test area can therefore be taken into account individually. Typical test areas will be given greater weight, less important ones a lesser one.
  • weighting factors can be done via the keyboard e.g. B. can also be entered interactively or preprogrammed.
  • the weighted or possibly also unweighted color distance vectors of individual measurement fields are mathematically each with a z.
  • B empirically determined transformation matrix multiplied, and if certain quality criteria are observed, this results in a color-density change vector, the components of which are the density changes or the layer thickness changes of the printing inks involved in the printing, and thus the control data for the printing zone in question and such changes in the setting of the color guide elements causes the total color difference - determined as the sum of the amounts or the sum of the color difference squares of the individual color differences - to be minimal. This total color difference can also serve as a quality measure for the print.
  • the elements of the transformation matrices essentially contain the partial derivatives of the color coordinates according to the color densities of the printing inks involved. They can be determined empirically by measurements on appropriate test prints or synthetically by modeling.
  • the density change vector has three components, and the calculation from the color distance vectors, which also have three components, is therefore relatively free of complications.
  • the contributions of the individual test areas must be logically assigned in a suitable manner to the individual components of the density change vector in such a way that a correspondingly multidimensional vector results.
  • control signals for the color guide elements can also be determined directly from the color differences. Again, the criterion that the total color difference must be minimized is expediently used as a basis.
  • the different weighting of the individual test areas can also be used here.
  • the printing process usually runs in three phases. First there is the more or less rough presetting of the printing press, for. B. on the basis of measured values of the printing plates, then the so-called setup phase (adjustment, registering), in which the ink guidance is fine-tuned in one way or the other until the printed product is satisfied, and finally the production run, where the regulation focuses on maintaining the result achieved at the facility as constant as possible.
  • setup phase adjustment, registering
  • O.K. sheet the print sheet that is found to be good
  • phase of density control in continuous printing can also be implemented very easily with the printing system according to the invention. All that is required is to convert the spectral reflectances into filter color densities (corresponding to densitometry) and to compare them with the target color density values determined by an O.K. sheet. The differences in color densities then directly represent the control data 11 for the control console 20.
  • the setting up of the printing press can be carried out in a color-gap-controlled manner as described further above and the production run can then be stabilized in a conventional manner in a color-density-controlled manner.
  • the color density determination can be based on any filter characteristics, which achieves a high degree of flexibility in such a system.
  • the two control principles can also be superimposed on one another. This means that the total color difference is also determined and monitored during the color density-controlled production stabilization. If the total color difference is due to any reason, e.g. B. due to changes in the printing process such as rubber blanket contamination, etc., exceed a predetermined limit, it can be reacted in a suitable manner. For example, a new color distance control first correction of the printing press can be initiated, in which case the color density setpoints would then be adapted (updated) for further production stabilization, or a corresponding error message can only or additionally be output.
  • a new color distance control first correction of the printing press can be initiated, in which case the color density setpoints would then be adapted (updated) for further production stabilization, or a corresponding error message can only or additionally be output.
  • the total color difference can be viewed as a quality measure and, if desired, displayed or printed out.
  • the color measuring strip is an important element for standardized pressure monitoring.
  • the screen tones should appear in different color and tonal value combinations or particularly critical tones. It is also possible to include critical tones from the subject in the measuring strips.
  • the inking is not always controlled zonally. In this case, it is sufficient to print one measuring field for each measuring field type and to adopt it as the target value for the entire printing sheet width or parts thereof.
  • Each zone can be monitored individually on the production sheet with zonal ink feed. Measuring fields that are important for color control, such as single-color measuring fields for density-controlled regulation of the color guide or multicolor raster fields for colorimetric control, must therefore be repeated at the smallest possible distance. Control fields for color acceptance, tone value increase etc. can be mounted at a slightly greater distance.
  • the printable color space is limited by the color loci of paper white, the single-color full tones and the 2 and 3-color full tone overlays (white, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue, black). All grid tones are within this color space.
  • color deviations cannot be compensated for in all colors at the same time, but an optimization of the mean color difference is possible. It is therefore expedient to use, in addition to the fields for the color density-controlled regulation for the color distance-controlled color guidance, also suitable 2 and / or 3-color grid fields such as gray balance fields or sensitive tones depending on the subject.
  • the blackening is created by 3 chromatic colors and / or black.
  • Grid fields with black and 2 or 3 chromatic colors can therefore also be of interest as measuring fields for color location-controlled control.
  • the color tones are advantageously chosen from critical areas of the color space.
  • 4-color grid fields a color must be predetermined as a free parameter or additionally measured on a separate color measuring field.
  • suitable color measurement areas can be determined for special colors according to analogous criteria.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Quality & Reliability (AREA)
  • Inking, Control Or Cleaning Of Printing Machines (AREA)
  • Spectrometry And Color Measurement (AREA)
  • Nitrogen And Oxygen Or Sulfur-Condensed Heterocyclic Ring Systems (AREA)

Abstract

1. Process for controlling the application of ink by a printing machine, wherein a printed sheet printed by the machine is measured photoelectrically in a plurality of test areas, measured data obtained in this manner are processed into control data in combination with set values, and the inking process of the printing machine is controlled automatically using said control data, characterised in that the test areas are measured colorimetrically, and their colour positions relative to a selected colour coordinate system are determined, that for the test areas measured the colour deviations between associated set colour positions related to the same colour coordinate system are determined, and that the formation of control data and control of the inking process take place on the basis of said colour deviations.

Description

Verfahren zur Farbauftragssteuerung bei einer Druckmaschine, entsprechend ausgerüstete Druckanlage und Messvorrichtung für eine solche Druckanlage.Process for inking control in a printing press, suitably equipped printing system and measuring device for such a printing system.

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zur Steuerung des Farbauftrags bei einer Druckmaschine gemäss Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1, eine zur Durchführung des Verfahrens geeignete Druckanlage nach dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 16 und eine zur Erzeugung von Steuerdaten für eine solche Druckanlage bestimmte Messvorrichtung gemäss dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 20.The invention relates to a method for controlling the ink application in a printing press according to the preamble of patent claim 1, a printing system suitable for carrying out the method according to the preamble of patent claim 16 and a measuring device intended to generate control data for such a printing system according to the preamble of patent claim 20.

Im laufenden Druckprozess ist die Steuerung der Farbführung die wichtigste Möglichkeit zur Beeinflussung des Bildeindrucks. Sie erfolgt nach visueller Beurteilung oder aufgrund von densitometrischen Analysen von mitgedruckten Farbmessfeldern. Ein Beispiel für letztgenannte Steuerung ist in DE-A-2 728 738 beschrieben.In the running printing process, the control of the color guide is the most important way to influence the image impression. It takes place after visual assessment or on the basis of densitometric analyzes of color measuring fields that are also printed. An example of the latter control is described in DE-A-2 728 738.

In der Praxis hat es sich gezeigt, dass die Steuerung der Farbführung allein aufgrund von densitometrischen Dichtemessungen vielfach ungenügend ist. So kommt es u.a. häufig vor, dass bei Regelung auf gleiche Volltondichten erhebliche Farbunterschiede zwischen Andruck bzw. Andruckersatz und Fortdruck auftreten. Diese Farbunterschiede (Bildeindrücke) müssen dann noch manuell durch interaktive Anpassung der Farbführung korrigiert werden. Die Ursachen für diese Farbunterschiede liegen in den im allgemeinen unterschiedlichen Herstellungsprozessen für Andruck/Andruckersatz und Fortdruck und in den farblichen Unterschieden der dabei verwendeten Materialien. Ebenfalls ist bei konstanter Farb- insbesondere Volltondichte die Konstanz des Farbeindrucks aufgrund von Aenderungen des Tonwerts durch Gummituchverschmutzung oder andere Einflüsse nicht gewährleistet.In practice, it has been shown that the control of the color guide is often insufficient due to densitometric density measurements alone. So it happens It often happens that considerable differences in color occur between the proof or the proof set and the continuous printing when the ink density is the same. These color differences (image impressions) must then be corrected manually by interactive adjustment of the color guide. The reasons for these color differences lie in the generally different manufacturing processes for proofing / proofing and production and in the color differences of the materials used. Likewise, with a constant color density, in particular solid color density, the constancy of the color impression cannot be guaranteed due to changes in the tonal value due to rubber blanket contamination or other influences.

Durch die vorliegende Erfindung soll nun die Steuerung der Farbführung bei Druckmaschinen dahingehend verbessert werden, dass ein höherer Übereinstimmungsgrad im Bildeindruck zwischen Andruck bzw. Andruckersatz und Fortdruck erzielt wird und der Fortdruck im Farbeindruck stabil bleibt oder Farbveränderungen erkannt werden.The present invention is intended to improve the control of the ink flow in printing machines to the effect that a higher degree of agreement in the image impression is achieved between the proof or proof set and the production run and the production run remains stable in the color impression or color changes are recognized.

Dieses Ziel wird durch das im Patentanspruch 1 beschriebene erfindungsgemässe Verfahren, die entsprechend ausgerüstete Druckanlage gemäss Anspruch 16 und die erfindungsgemässe Messvorrichtung nach Anspruch 20 erreicht.This aim is achieved by the method according to the invention described in claim 1, the correspondingly equipped pressure system according to claim 16 and the measuring device according to the invention according to claim 20.

Der Kern der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt also darin, dass das Prinzip der densitometrischen Farbdichtemessung verlassen und durch spektrale Farbmessung ersetzt wird, wobei die spektralen Remissionen der ausgemessenen Testbereiche bestimmt werden und die Steuerung der Farbführung (zumindest während der Einrichtphase der Druckmaschine) aufgrund dieser spektralen Remissionen oder der daraus abgeleiteten farbmetrischen Kenngrössen und nicht aufgrund von Dichtemessungen erfolgt. Auf diese Weise können die Bildeindrücke auch heikler, bildwichtiger Stellen im Fortdruck optimal mit denjenigen des Andrucks bzw. Andruckersatzes in Übereinstimmung gebracht werden, wobei bis zu einem gewissen Grad auch Farbabweichungen aufgrund unterschiedlicher Tonwertzunahmen und anderer Material- und Prozesseinflüsse ausgeglichen werden. Die Farbmessung selbst kann auf mitgedruckten Farbtestfeldern oder auch auf geeignet gewählten Stellen (Testbereichen) im Bild erfolgen.The essence of the present invention thus lies in the fact that the principle of densitometric color density measurement is abandoned and replaced by spectral color measurement, the spectral remissions of the measured test areas being determined and the control of the color guidance (at least during the set-up phase of the printing press) based on these spectral remissions or the derived colorimetric parameters and not based on density measurements. In this way, the image impressions of sensitive, image-important points in the production run can be optimally matched to those of the proof or replacement, whereby to a certain extent color deviations due to different tonal value increases and other material and process influences are compensated for. The color measurement itself can be carried out on printed color test fields or at suitably selected points (test areas) in the image.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand der Zeichnung näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 ein stark vereinfachtes Blockschema einer erfindungsgemässen Druckanlage
  • Fig. 2 ein Blockschema des Messwerterfassungs-Teiles der Anlage nach Fig. 1 und
  • Fig. 3 eine schematische Skizze eines Details aus Fig. 2.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to the drawing. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a greatly simplified block diagram of a printing system according to the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a block diagram of the measured value acquisition part of the system according to Fig. 1 and
  • 3 shows a schematic sketch of a detail from FIG. 2.

Die in Fig. 1 dargestellte Druckanlage entspricht bis auf die noch zu erläuternden erfindungsgemässen Unterschiede im Messwerterfassungsteil im wesentlichen den bekannten Anlagen dieser Art, beispielsweise etwa der schon erwähnten Anlage gemäss DE-A-2 728 738. Dementsprechend umfasst die dargestellte Druckanlage ein Messwerterfassungsgerät 10, eine Steuerkonsole 20 und eine mit einer fernsteuerbaren Farbführung ausgestattete Druckmaschine 30.The printing system shown in FIG. 1 essentially corresponds to the known systems of this type, for example the system according to DE-A-2 728 738, which is still to be explained, in accordance with the invention in the measurement value acquisition part. Accordingly, the pressure system shown comprises a measurement value acquisition device 10, a control console 20 and a printing press 30 equipped with a remotely controllable ink guide.

Mit dem Messwerterfassungsgerät 10 werden von der Druckmaschine 30 erzeugte Druckbogen 40 in einer Reihe von Testbereichen, beispielsweise etwa in ausgewählten Stellen des Druckbilds oder im Bereich von mitgedruckten Farbmessfeldern 41 fotoelektrisch ausgemessen, und aus den dabei gewonnenen Messdaten werden Steuerdaten 11 ermittelt, welche den Farbabweichungen der am Druck beteiligten Druckfarben in den einzelnen Druckzonen und Druckwerken entsprechen und als Eingangsgrössen der Steuerkonsole 20 zugeführt werden. Die Steuerkonsole 20 erzeugt aus den Steuerdaten 11 Stellsignale 21, welche die Farbführungsorgane der Druckmaschine 30 in der Weise verstellen, dass die Farbabweichungen minimal werden.With the measured value detection device 10, printing sheets 40 generated by the printing press 30 are photoelectrically measured in a number of test areas, for example in selected locations of the printed image or in the area of color measurement fields 41 that are also printed, and control data 11 are determined from the measurement data obtained in this way, which are the color deviations of the correspond to printing inks involved in printing in the individual printing zones and printing units and are supplied as input variables to the control console 20. The control console 20 generates control signals 21 from the control data 11, which adjust the ink guide elements of the printing press 30 in such a way that the color deviations are minimal.

In Fig. 2 ist der prinzipielle Aufbau des Messwerterfassungsgeräts 10 dargestellt. Er entspricht in weiten Teilen demjenigen des in US-A-4 505 589 beschriebenen Gerätes, so dass sich die folgende Beschreibung im wesentlichen auf die erfindungsgemässen Unterschiede gegenüber diesem bekannten Gerät konzentriert.2 shows the basic structure of the measured value acquisition device 10. It largely corresponds to that of the device described in US Pat. No. 4,505,589, so that the following description essentially concentrates on the differences according to the invention compared to this known device.

Das Gerät 10 umfasst einen Messkopf 101, der z. B. mittels eines Schrittmotors 102 relativ zum auszumessenden Druckbogen bewegbar ist. Zusätzlich ist noch ein Handmesskopf 103 vorgesehen, der manuell auf dem gewünschten Testbereich des Druckbogens positioniert werden kann. Die beiden Messköpfe 101 und 103 enthalten eine nicht dargestellte Messanordnung, welche den auszumessenden Testbereich z. B. gemäss dem üblichen Standard unter 45° beleuchtet und das vom Testbereich unter 90° remittierte Licht auffängt und in einen Lichtleiter 104 einkoppelt, der es einem Spektrometer 105 zuführt. (Selbstverständlich kann das remittierte Licht dem Spektrometer auch über andere Mittel zugeführt werden.) Dort wird das remittierte Licht spektral zerlegt und gemessen. Die dabei gewonnenen Messdaten werden einem Rechner 106 zugeführt, der aus ihnen in noch zu erläuternder Weise die Steuerdaten 11 für die Steuerkonsole 20 ermittelt. Daneben bedient bzw. steuert der Rechner 106 eine Treiber-Elektronik 107 für den Schrittmotor 102 und die Speisung der Lichtquellen in den Messköpfen 101 und 103 und ein Datensichtgerät 108, einen Drucker 109, und eine Tastatur 110, alles im wesentlichen so wie beim genannten bekannten Gerät.The device 10 comprises a measuring head 101 which, for. B. is movable by means of a stepper motor 102 relative to the printed sheet to be measured. In addition, a handheld measuring head 103 is also provided, which can be positioned manually on the desired test area of the printed sheet. The two measuring heads 101 and 103 contain ten a measurement arrangement, not shown, which the test area to be measured z. B. illuminated according to the usual standard at 45 ° and the light reflected from the test area at 90 ° and coupled into a light guide 104, which feeds it to a spectrometer 105. (Of course, the remitted light can also be supplied to the spectrometer by other means.) There the remitted light is spectrally broken down and measured. The measurement data obtained in this way are fed to a computer 106, which determines the control data 11 for the control console 20 from them in a manner to be explained. In addition, the computer 106 operates or controls a driver electronics 107 for the stepper motor 102 and the supply of the light sources in the measuring heads 101 and 103 and a data display device 108, a printer 109 and a keyboard 110, all essentially as in the known one Device.

Der für die Erfindung primär relevante Unterschied des dargestellten Messwerterfassungsgeräts 10 gegenüber dem erwähnten bekannten Gerät besteht in erster Linie darin, dass es zur spektralen Farbanalyse der speziell auszumessenden Testbereiche und somit zur farbmetrischen Analyse eingerichtet ist, während das bekannte Gerät lediglich densitometrische Farbdichten zu messen imstande ist, also keine Farbmessung/Farbmetrik erlaubt. Der zweite wesentliche Unterschied besteht in der Auswertung der fotoelektrischen Messdaten im Hinblick auf die Steuerung der Farbführung.The primarily relevant difference of the measured value acquisition device 10 shown for the invention compared to the known device mentioned is that it is set up for spectral color analysis of the test areas to be specifically measured and thus for colorimetric analysis, while the known device is only able to measure densitometric color densities , so no color measurement / colorimetry allowed. The second essential difference is the evaluation of the photoelectric measurement data with regard to the control of the color guidance.

In Fig. 3 ist der prinzipielle (an sich bekannte) Aufbau des Spektrometers 105 gezeigt. Das über den faseroptischen Lichtleiter 104 (oder direkt) von einem der Messköpfe 101 und 103 zugeführte Messlicht beaufschlagt über einen Eintrittsspalt ein holografisches Gitter 151 und wird von diesem nach Wellenlängen geordnet räumlich aufgespaltet. Das so spektral zerlegte Licht fällt derart auf eine zeilenförmige Anordnung von z. B. 35 Fotodioden 152, dass jede Fotodiode mit Licht eines individuellen, relativ engen Wellenlängenbereichs beaufschlagt wird. Die von den 35 Fotodioden erzeugten Meßsignale entsprechen also der spektralen Intensitätsverteilung des Messlichts an 35 diskreten Stützpunkten (Wellenlängenbereichen). Zur Abfrage der Fotodioden 152 ist ein Interface (Schnittstelle) 153 vorgesehen, welches die Meßsignale verstärkt und digitalisiert und so in eine für den Rechner 106 verständliche Form bringt. Das Interface könnte räumlich natürlich auch im Rechner angeordnet sein.3 shows the basic structure (known per se) of spectrometer 105. The measuring light supplied via one of the measuring heads 101 and 103 via the fiber-optic light guide 104 (or directly) acts on a holographic grating 151 via an entry slit and is spatially split by the latter according to wavelengths. The so spectrally decomposed light falls on a line-shaped arrangement of z. B. 35 photodiodes 152 that each photodiode is exposed to light of an individual, relatively narrow wavelength range. The measurement signals generated by the 35 photodiodes thus correspond to the spectral intensity distribution of the measurement light at 35 discrete support points (wavelength ranges). To query the photodiodes 152, an interface (interface) 153 is provided which amplifies and digitizes the measurement signals and thus brings them into a form which the computer 106 can understand. The interface could of course also be arranged in the computer.

Das Messwerterfassungsgerät 10, die Steuerkonsole 20 und die eigentliche Druckmaschine 30 bilden einen geschlossenen Regelkreis. Bei den bisher bekannten Systemen dieser Art erfolgt die Regelung der Farbführung aufgrund von densitometrischen Dichtemessungen der beteiligten Druckfarben. Ergeben sich Abweichungen gegenüber entsprechenden Soll-Dichtewerten, so werden diese von der Steuerkonsole durch entsprechende Verstellung der Farbführungsorgane ausgeregelt, d.h. zu Null gemacht bzw. in den zulässigen Toleranzbereich gebracht. Die Farbführungssregelung erfolgt also farbdichtengesteuert.The measured value acquisition device 10, the control console 20 and the actual printing press 30 form a closed control loop. In the previously known systems of this type, the ink flow is regulated on the basis of densitometric density measurements of the printing inks involved. If there are deviations from the corresponding target density values, these are corrected by the control console by appropriate adjustment of the color guide elements, i.e. made zero or within the permissible tolerance range. The color guide control is therefore color density controlled.

Aus den einleitend erwähnten Gründen ist diese bekannte Art der Farbführungssteuerung nicht in allen Fällen vollauf befriedigend.For the reasons mentioned in the introduction, this known type of color guide control is not completely satisfactory in all cases.

Gemäss dem grundliegenden Gedanken der Erfindung wird das Prinzip der alleinigen farbdichtengesteuerten Farbführung verlassen und durch eine auf spektraler Farbmessung und Farbmetrik beruhende Steuerung wesentlich ergänzt. Mit anderen Worten, für jeden Testbereich (z. B. Farbmessfeld) werden durch spektrale Messung die spektralen Remissionen ermittelt und gegebenenfalls durch Umrechnung die Farbwerte eines ausgewählten Farbkoordinatensystems bestimmt und mit entsprechenden Soll-Remissionen respektive Soll-Farbwerten verglichen. Die Steuerung der Farbführung erfolgt dann aufgrund der Abweichungen der spektralen Remissionen oder der Farbwerte von den Soll-Werten ("Farbabstände") und nicht mehr aufgrund der Abweichungen der densitometrischen Farbdichten. Vorzugsweise erfolgt die Regelung mit der Massgabe, dass der sich aus der Summe der Farbabstände verschiedener Testbereiche ergebende Gesamtabstand einer Druckzone minimal werden soll, wobei jeder Testbereich und entsprechend sein Farbabstand erwünschtenfalls mit einem individuellen Gewicht berücksichtigt werden kann.In accordance with the basic idea of the invention, the principle of color density-controlled color guidance is abandoned and is substantially supplemented by a control based on spectral color measurement and colorimetry. In other words, for each test area (e.g. color measuring field) the spectral remissions are determined by spectral measurement and, if necessary, the color values of a selected color coordinate system are determined by conversion and compared with corresponding target remissions or target color values. The color guidance is then controlled on the basis of the deviations in the spectral remissions or the color values from the target values (“color distances”) and no longer on the basis of the deviations in the densitometric color densities. The control is preferably carried out with the proviso that the total distance of a printing zone resulting from the sum of the color distances of different test areas should be minimal, wherein each test area and correspondingly its color distance can, if desired, be taken into account with an individual weight.

Im folgenden wird die Steuerung nach Farbkoordinaten beschrieben. Für die Steuerung nach spektralen Remissionen gilt prinzipiell das gleiche.The control according to color coordinates is described below. In principle, the same applies to the control according to spectral remissions.

Das der Farbmessung zugrunde liegende Farbkoordinatensystem ist an sich beliebig. Vorzugsweise wird jedoch das L*a*b*-System oder das L*u*v*-System der CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) verwendet. Unter Farbort wird im folgenden das Koordinaten-Tripel (L*, a", b") bzw. (L*, u*, v") verstanden, unter Farbabstand entsprechend der Vektor ΔELab bzw. ΔELuv oder die Einzelvektoren (ΔL*, Δa*, Δb°) bzw. (ΔL*, Δu°, Δv°). Die Sollwerte der Farbkoordinaten (Soll-Farborte) für die einzelnen Testbereiche können dem Messwerterfassungsgerät 10 z. B. von Hand über die Tastatur 110 eingegeben werden. Viel einfacher und zweckmässiger ist es jedoch, den Andruck bzw. Andruckersatz, oder was sonst als Referenz dienen soll, mit dem Gerät selbst auszumessen und die Messwerte bzw. die daraus errechneten Daten als entsprechende Sollwerte abzuspeichern. Dasselbe gilt auch für die im Zusammenhang mit der noch zu beschreibenden, überlagerten dichteabhängigen Steuerung benötigen Farbdichte-Sollwerte.The color coordinate system on which the color measurement is based is in itself arbitrary. However, the L * a * b * system or the L * u * v * system of the CIE (Commission Internationale de l'Eclairage) is preferably used. In the following, the color locus is understood to mean the coordinate triple (L * , a ", b") or (L * , u * , v "), the color distance corresponds to the vector ΔE Lab or ΔE Luv or the individual vectors (ΔL * , Δa *, Δb °) or (ΔL *, Δu °, Δv °) The setpoint values of the color coordinates (setpoint color locations) for the individual test areas can be entered into the measured value acquisition device 10, for example manually, using the keyboard 110. However, it is much easier and more expedient to measure the pressure or pressure substitute, or whatever else should serve as a reference, with the device itself and to save the measured values or the data calculated therefrom as corresponding target values Overlaid density-dependent control systems to be described require color density setpoints.

Aus Gründen der leichteren Verständlichkeit einerseits und Kompatibilität mit bestehenden Geräten andererseits ist das gesamte Regelsystem darstellungsgemäss auf die beiden Komponenten Messwerterfassungsgerät 10 und Steuerkonsole 20 aufgeteilt und sind die vom Messwerterfassungsgerät 10 erzeugten Steuersignale 11 genau von derselben Art wie bei den bekannten Farbdichtemessanlagen, so dass das erfindungsgemässe Messwerterfassungserät 10 also direkt mit der genannten bekannten Steuerkonsole 20 zusammengeschlossen werden kann und zur Umrüstung einer entsprechenden Druckanlage auf das erfindungsgemässe Verfahren nur das Messwerterfassungsgerät ersetzt werden muss. Selbstverständlich ist es aber auch ohne weiteres möglich, die zur Ausregelung der Farbabweichungen erforderlichen Stellsignale ohne den Umweg über die kompatiblen Steuersignale unmittelbar aus den vom Messwerterfassungsgerät berechneten Farbabständen zu erzeugen und die dafür notwendigen elektrischen Schaltungen anders zusammenzufassen oder auch in ein einziges Gerät zu integrieren. Die dargestellte Zweiteilung ist daher, wenngleich auch sehr praxisnahe, rein beispielsweise zu verstehen.For reasons of easier comprehensibility on the one hand and compatibility with existing devices on the other hand, the entire control system is, according to the illustration, divided into the two components of the measured value recording device 10 and control console 20 and are those of Measured value acquisition device 10 generates control signals 11 of exactly the same type as in the known color density measuring systems, so that the measured value acquisition device 10 according to the invention can thus be connected directly to the known control console 20 mentioned and only the measured value acquisition device has to be replaced in order to convert a corresponding pressure system to the method according to the invention. Of course, it is also easily possible to generate the control signals required to correct the color deviations directly from the color distances calculated by the data acquisition device without going through the compatible control signals and to summarize the electrical circuits required for this differently or to integrate them into a single device. The division in two shown is therefore to be understood purely, for example, although it is also very practical.

Der Rechner 110 bildet, wie schon erläutert, für jeden Testbereich den Farbabstandsvektor ΔEµ. Jeder dieser Vektoren AEn wird nun mit einem Gewichtsfaktor gn gewichtet, sodass also jeder Testbereich individuell berücksichtigt werden kann. Bildtypische Testbereiche werden dabei ein grösseres Gewicht erhalten, weniger bildwichtige ein geringeres.As already explained, the computer 110 forms the color distance vector ΔE μ for each test area. Each of these vectors AE n is now weighted with a weight factor g n , so that each test area can therefore be taken into account individually. Typical test areas will be given greater weight, less important ones a lesser one.

Selbstverständlich ist es auch möglich, auf die Gewichtung zu verzichten, und alle Testbereiche gleich zu behandeln oder aber von vorneherein nur bestimmte Testbereiche zur Steuerung heranzuziehen. Die Gewichtsfaktoren können über die Tastatur z. B. auch interaktiv eingegeben oder vorprogrammiert sein.Of course, it is also possible to forego weighting and to treat all test areas equally, or to use only certain test areas for control from the outset. The weighting factors can be done via the keyboard e.g. B. can also be entered interactively or preprogrammed.

Die gewichteten oder gegebenenfalls auch ungewichteten Farbabstandvektoren einzelner Messfelder werden mathematisch je mit einer z. B. empirisch ermittelten Transformationsmatrix multipliziert, und bei Beachtung gewisser Gütekriterien ergibt sich daraus ein Farb-Dichteänderungsvektor, dessen Komponenten die Dichteänderungen bzw. die Schichtdickenänderungen der am Druck beteiligten Druckfarben sind, und der damit die Steuerdaten für die betreffende Druckzone darstellt und solche Änderungen der Einstellung der Farbführungsorgane hervorruft, dass der Gesamtfarbabstand - ermittelt als die Summe der Beträge oder Summe der Farbabstandquadrate der einzelnen Farbabstände - minimal wird. Dieser Gesamtfarbabstand kann auch als Qualitätsmass für den Druck dienen.The weighted or possibly also unweighted color distance vectors of individual measurement fields are mathematically each with a z. B. empirically determined transformation matrix multiplied, and if certain quality criteria are observed, this results in a color-density change vector, the components of which are the density changes or the layer thickness changes of the printing inks involved in the printing, and thus the control data for the printing zone in question and such changes in the setting of the color guide elements causes the total color difference - determined as the sum of the amounts or the sum of the color difference squares of the individual color differences - to be minimal. This total color difference can also serve as a quality measure for the print.

Die Elemente der Transformationsmatrizen enthalten im wesentlichen die partiellen Ableitungen der Farbkoordinaten nach den Farbdichten der beteiligten Druckfarben. Sie können empirisch durch Messungen an entsprechenden Testdrucken oder synthetisch durch Modellierung ermittelt werden.The elements of the transformation matrices essentially contain the partial derivatives of the color coordinates according to the color densities of the printing inks involved. They can be determined empirically by measurements on appropriate test prints or synthetically by modeling.

Für den Dreifarbendruck hat der Dichteänderungsvektor drei Komponenten, und die Berechnung aus den ebenfalls drei Komponenten aufweisenden Farbabstandsvektoren ist daher relativ komplikationsfrei. Bei mehr als drei Druckfarben müssen jedoch die Beiträge der einzelnen Testbereiche in geeigneter Weise logisch den einzelnen Komponenten des Dichteänderungsvektors in der Weise zugeordnet werden, dass sich ein entsprechend mehrdimensionaler Vektor ergibt.For three-color printing, the density change vector has three components, and the calculation from the color distance vectors, which also have three components, is therefore relatively free of complications. With more than three printing inks, however, the contributions of the individual test areas must be logically assigned in a suitable manner to the individual components of the density change vector in such a way that a correspondingly multidimensional vector results.

Wie schon erwähnt, können die Stellsignale für die Farbführungsorgane aber ohne weiteres auch direkt aus den Farbabständen ermittelt werden. Auch hier wird man zweckmässigerweise wieder das Kriterium zugrundelegen, dass der Gesamtfarbabstand minimalisiert werden muss. Die unterschiedliche Gewichtung der einzelnen Testhereiche kann auch dabei angewandt werden.As already mentioned, the control signals for the color guide elements can also be determined directly from the color differences. Again, the criterion that the total color difference must be minimized is expediently used as a basis. The different weighting of the individual test areas can also be used here.

Der Druckprozess verläuft üblicherweise in drei Phasen. Da ist zunächst die mehr oder weniger grobe Voreinstellung ("Presetting") der Druckmaschine z. B. aufgrund von Messwerten der Druckplatten, dann die sogenannte Einrichtephase (Abstimmen, Registermachen), in der die Farbführung anhand des Andruckes bzw. Andruckersatzes auf die eine oder die andere Weise solange fein eingestellt wird, bis das Druckerzeugnis befriedigt, und schliesslich der Fortdruck, bei dem sich die Regelung darauf konzentriert, das bei der Einrichtung erreichte Ergebnis möglichst konstant beizubehalten. Üblicherweise benützt man hierbei als Referenz nicht den Andruck oder dergleichen, sondern den für gut befundenen Druckbogen, den sogenannten "O.K.-Bogen", und regelt im Fortdruck auf konstante densitometrische Farbdichten.The printing process usually runs in three phases. First there is the more or less rough presetting of the printing press, for. B. on the basis of measured values of the printing plates, then the so-called setup phase (adjustment, registering), in which the ink guidance is fine-tuned in one way or the other until the printed product is satisfied, and finally the production run, where the regulation focuses on maintaining the result achieved at the facility as constant as possible. Usually one does not use the proof or the like as a reference, but rather the print sheet that is found to be good, the so-called "O.K. sheet", and regulates in the printing process to constant densitometric color densities.

Die Phase der Dichteregelung im Fortdruck lässt sich sehr einfach auch mit der erfindungsgemässen Druckanlage realisieren. Es brauchen dazu lediglich die spektralen Remissionen in Filter-Farbdichten (entsprechend der Densitometrie) umgerechnet und mit den von einem O.K.-Bogen ermittelten Sollfarbdichtewerten verglichen zu werden. Die Differenzen der Farbdichten stellen dann unmittelbar die Steuerdaten 11 für die Steuerkonsole 20 dar.The phase of density control in continuous printing can also be implemented very easily with the printing system according to the invention. All that is required is to convert the spectral reflectances into filter color densities (corresponding to densitometry) and to compare them with the target color density values determined by an O.K. sheet. The differences in color densities then directly represent the control data 11 for the control console 20.

Gemäss einer vorteilhaften Ausführungsform des erfindungsgemässen Verfahrens kann also das Einrichten der Druckmaschine wie weiter vorne beschrieben farbabstandgesteuert erfolgen und der Fortdruck dann in an sich herkömmlicher Weise farbdichtengesteuert stabilisiert werden. Ein besonderer Vorteil dabei ist ferner, dass der Farbdichte-Ermittlung beliebige Filtercharakteristiken zugrunde gelegt werden können, wodurch hohe Flexibilität einer solchen Anlage erreicht wird.According to an advantageous embodiment of the method according to the invention, the setting up of the printing press can be carried out in a color-gap-controlled manner as described further above and the production run can then be stabilized in a conventional manner in a color-density-controlled manner. Another particular advantage is that the color density determination can be based on any filter characteristics, which achieves a high degree of flexibility in such a system.

Gemäss einer weiteren vorteilhaften Variante können die beiden Steuerungsprinzipien einander auch überlagert werden. Das heisst, während der farbdichtegesteuerten Fortdruckstabilisierung wird zusätzlich der Gesamtfarbabstand bestimmt und überwacht. Sollte der Gesamtfarbabstand aus irgendwelchen Gründen, z. B. aufgrund von Veränderungen im Druckprozess wie etwa Gummituchverschmutzung etc., einen vorgegebenen Grenzwert überschreiten, so kann in geeigneter Weise reagiert werden. Beispielsweise kann eine neue farbabstandgesteuerte Korrektur der Druckmaschine veranlasst werden, wobei dann gleichzeitig die Farbdichte-Sollwerte für die weitere Fortdruckstabilisierung angepasst (aktualisiert) würden, oder es kann nur oder zusätzlich eine entsprechende Fehlermeldung ausgegeben werden.According to a further advantageous variant, the two control principles can also be superimposed on one another. This means that the total color difference is also determined and monitored during the color density-controlled production stabilization. If the total color difference is due to any reason, e.g. B. due to changes in the printing process such as rubber blanket contamination, etc., exceed a predetermined limit, it can be reacted in a suitable manner. For example, a new color distance control first correction of the printing press can be initiated, in which case the color density setpoints would then be adapted (updated) for further production stabilization, or a corresponding error message can only or additionally be output.

Der Gesamtfarbabstand kann als Qualitätsmass betrachtet und erwünschtenfalls angezeigt oder ausgedruckt werden.The total color difference can be viewed as a quality measure and, if desired, displayed or printed out.

Ein wichtiges Element zur standardisierten Drucküberwachung ist der Farbmeßstreifen. Die Rastertöne sollen dabei in verschiedenen Farb-und Tonwertkombinationen bzw. besonders kritischen Tönen angepasst vorkommen. Es ist auch möglich, kritische Töne aus dem Sujet in den Meßstreifen aufzunehmen.The color measuring strip is an important element for standardized pressure monitoring. The screen tones should appear in different color and tonal value combinations or particularly critical tones. It is also possible to include critical tones from the subject in the measuring strips.

Sujets lassen sich farbabhängig erfahrungsgemäss in Gruppen einteilen, z. B. MöbelkatalogeAccording to experience, subjects can be divided into groups, e.g. B. Furniture catalogs

- Brauntöne qualitätsbestimmend -, Kosmetikprospekte und Porträts - Hauttöne dominant. So gibt es auch Gruppen, in denen z. B. Grau-oder Grüntöne vorherrschen. Dementsprechend lassen sich spezielle farborientierte Farbmeßstreifen aufbauen und gezielt anwenden. Damit kann in einfacher Weise den bildbestimmenden Bereichen Rechnung getragen werden.- Brown tones determining quality -, cosmetic brochures and portraits - Skin tones dominant. There are also groups in which e.g. B. Gray or green tones predominate. Accordingly, special color-oriented color measuring strips can be built up and used in a targeted manner. The areas determining the image can thus be taken into account in a simple manner.

Beim Andruck/Andruckersatz ist die Farbführung nicht immer zonal gesteuert. Es reicht in diesem Fall aus, von jedem Messfeldtyp ein Messfeld mitzudrucken und für die ganze Druckbogenbreite oder Teile davon als Sollwert zu übernehmen.With the proofing / proofing set, the inking is not always controlled zonally. In this case, it is sufficient to print one measuring field for each measuring field type and to adopt it as the target value for the entire printing sheet width or parts thereof.

Auf dem Fortdruckbogen mit zonaler Farbzuführung kann jede Zone einzeln überwacht werden. Zur Farbsteuerung wichtige Messfelder wie Einfarbenmessfelder zur dichtegesteuerten Regelung der Farbführung oder Mehrfarben-Raster-Felder zur colorimetrischen Steuerung müssen sich daher in möglichst kleinem Abstand wiederholen. Kontrollfelder für Farbannahme, Tonwertzunahme usw. können mit etwas grösserem Abstand montiert sein.Each zone can be monitored individually on the production sheet with zonal ink feed. Measuring fields that are important for color control, such as single-color measuring fields for density-controlled regulation of the color guide or multicolor raster fields for colorimetric control, must therefore be repeated at the smallest possible distance. Control fields for color acceptance, tone value increase etc. can be mounted at a slightly greater distance.

Im Dreifarbendruck wird der druckbare Farbraum durch die Farborte von Papierweiss, der Einfarben-Volltöne sowie der 2- und 3-Farben-Volltonübereinanderdrucke (Weiss, Cyan, Magenta, Yellow, Rot, Grün, Blau, Schwarz) begrenzt. Sämtliche Rastertöne liegen innerhalb dieses Farbraumes. Beim Druck können Farbabweichungen zwar nicht in allen Farbtönen gleichzeitig ausgeglichen werden, jedoch ist eine Optimierung des mittleren Farbabstandes möglich. Es ist daher zweckmässig, nebst den Feldern für die farbdichtegesteuerte Regelung für die farbabstandgesteuerte Farbführung zusätzlich geeignete 2-und/oder 3-Farben-Rasterfelder wie Graubalance-Felder oder sujetabhängig heikle Töne heranzuziehen.In three-color printing, the printable color space is limited by the color loci of paper white, the single-color full tones and the 2 and 3-color full tone overlays (white, cyan, magenta, yellow, red, green, blue, black). All grid tones are within this color space. When printing, color deviations cannot be compensated for in all colors at the same time, but an optimization of the mean color difference is possible. It is therefore expedient to use, in addition to the fields for the color density-controlled regulation for the color distance-controlled color guidance, also suitable 2 and / or 3-color grid fields such as gray balance fields or sensitive tones depending on the subject.

Im Vierfarbendruck wird die Verschwärzlichung durch 3 Buntfarben und/oder durch Schwarz erzeugt. Als Messfelder zur farbortgesteuerten Regelung können daher auch Raster- felder mit Schwarz und 2 oder 3 Buntfarben von Interesse sein. Die Farbtöne werden mit Vorteil aus kritischen Bereichen des Farbraums gewählt. Bei Verwendung von 4-Farben-Rasterfeldern muss eine Farbe als freier Parameter vorbestimmt oder auf einem separaten Farbmessfeld zusätzlich gemessen werden.In four-color printing, the blackening is created by 3 chromatic colors and / or black. Grid fields with black and 2 or 3 chromatic colors can therefore also be of interest as measuring fields for color location-controlled control. The color tones are advantageously chosen from critical areas of the color space. When using 4-color grid fields, a color must be predetermined as a free parameter or additionally measured on a separate color measuring field.

Für Sonderfarben können je nach Sujet nach analogen Gesichtspunkten geeignete Farbmessfelder bestimmt werden.Depending on the subject, suitable color measurement areas can be determined for special colors according to analogous criteria.

Claims (26)

1. Process for controlling the application of ink by a printing machine, wherein a printed sheet printed by the machine is measured photoelectrically in a plurality of test areas, measured data obtained in this manner are processed into control data in combination with set values, and the inking process of the printing machine is controlled automatically using said control data, characterised in that the test areas are measured colorimetrically, and their colour positions relative to a selected colour coordinate system are determined, that for the test areas measured the colour deviations between associated set colour positions related to the same colour coordinate system are determined, and that the formation of control data and control of the inking process take place on the basis of said colour deviations.
2. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the inking process is controlled so as to minimise the individual colour deviations of given test areas.
3. Process according to claim 1, characterised in that the inking process is controlled so as to minimise a total colour deviation resulting from the individual colour deviations.
4. Process according to one of claims 1 - 3, characterised in that the individual colour deviations are considered with various degrees of significance when calculating the total colour deviation.
5. Process according to one of claims 1 - 4, characterised in that the control data are calculated by printing zones from the colour deviations of the test areas belonging to the printing zones involved.
6. Process according to one of claims 1 - 5, characterised in that the zonal control data are calculated from the colour deviations of zone- overlapping test areas.
7. Process according to one of claims 1 - 6, characterised in that the application of significance to the individual colour deviations differs over the print width by zones.
8. Process according to one of claims 1 - 7, characterised in that in addition the control data are calculated directly by spectral photometric measurement at a plurality of different wave-lengths from the spectral reflections determined in so doing.
9. Process according to one of claims 1 - 8, characterised in that the control data are calculated from the standard colour values obtained by digital filtering (weighting) of spectral reflections with CIE-standard spectral curves and their conversion into a selected colour coordinate system suitable for colour deviation evaluation, in particular the CIELAB- or CIELUV-system.
10. Process according to one of claims 1 - 8, characterised in that in addition the control data are calculated from the colour densities obtained by digital filtering (weighting) of the spectral reflections with selected colour filter curves.
11. Process according to one of claims 1 - 10, characterised in that the setting-up of the printing machine and matching the print with the master take place under colour deviation control and subsequently the printing run is carried out based on colour densities in a manner such that said colour densities are maintained essentially at constant set values.
12. Process according to one of claims 1 - 11, characterised in that simultaneously printed colour measuring fields are used as test areas and in particular multi-colour half-tone fields are also provided as colour measuring fields.
13. Process according to claim 11, characterised in that the colour-density-controlled printing run stabilisation is superposed on the colour deviation-controlled regulation of the inking process with the object that a new colour deviation-controlled correction is made with simultaneous updating of the set values for the colour densities when the colorimetric colour deviations exceed a limit value.
14. Process according to claim 11, characterised in that the total colour deviation or deviations is or are also formed and monitored during the printing run and a warning is issued or a new colour deviation-controlled correction of the printing machine is carried out when the colour deviation tolerance is exceeded.
15. Process according to claim 12, characterised in that colour measuring fields are used having colour tones taken from selected critical image areas of the printed sheet.
16. A printing plant for carrying out the process according to one of claims 1 - 15, comprising a printing machine, an acquisition apparatus for photoelectric measurement of a printed sheet, and a control apparatus for processing the measured data produced by the acquisition apparatus and for producing set signals for the inking process elements of the printing machine from said measured data, characterised in that the control apparatus is equipped to convert the measured data produced by the acquisition apparatus into colour position coordinates and to determine colour deviations from the calculated colour position coordinates by comparison with set colour position coordinates and produce the set signals based on said colour deviations.
17. Printing plant according to claim 16, characterised in that the acquisition apparatus is equipped for spectral photometric measurement of the printed sheet at a plurality of different wave-lengths and the production of corresponding spectral photometric measured data.
18. Printing plant according to claim 17, characterised in that the control apparatus is also equipped to convert the spectral photometric measured data produced by the acquisition apparatus to colour densities and to produce the set signals for the inking process elements also from results of a comparison of said colour densities with corresponding set colour densities.
19. Printing plant according to claims 16 - 18, characterised in that the measured data and values determined therefrom are displayed and /or otherwise given out.
20. Measuring apparatus for producing control data for a printing machine comprising an acquisition apparatus for zonal photoelectric measurement of a printed sheet and a processing apparatus for processing the direct photoelectric measured data and producing therefrom the control data representing the deviation of colour of the scanned areas of the printed sheet from corresponding set values, characterised in that the processing apparatus is equipped to convert the measured data produced by the acquisition apparatus into colour position coordinates, compare them with set colour position coordinates, determine the colour deviations for them and produce the control data for the printing machine from said colour deviations.
21. Measuring apparatus according to claim 20, characterised in that the acquisition apparatus is equipped for spectral photometric measurement of the printed sheet at a plurality of different wave-lengths and for production of corresponding spectral photometric measured data.
22. Measuring apparatus according to claim 21, characterised in that the processing apparatus is additionally equipped to convert the spectral photometric measured data produced by the acquisition apparatus into colour densities, compare them with set colour densities, and produce the control data for the printing machine from the result of said comparison.
23. Measuring apparatus according to one of claims 20 - 22, characterised in that it is equipped to perform the process steps according to one or more of claims 1 - 15.
24. Measuring apparatus according to claim 20, characterised in that as well as photoelectric colour measurement with a controllably movable measurement head a freely movable measurement head is connected, with which colour measurement may be effected at any location and on any samples.
25. Measuring apparatus according to claim 24, characterised in that the freely movable measurement head acts on the same spectrometer module as the controllably movable measuring head.
26. Set of colour measuring strips for performing the process according to claim 1, characterised in that it comprises a plurality of colour measuring strips having multi-colour measuring fields built up in different colour tones, said strips being chosen and mounted in keeping with the image-determining colour tones of the image to be printed.
EP86810562A 1985-12-10 1986-12-04 Process for controlling the application of colours in a printing machine, printing device equipped therewith and measuring device for such a printing device Expired - Lifetime EP0228347B2 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86810562T ATE47564T1 (en) 1985-12-10 1986-12-04 PROCEDURE FOR INK ORDER CONTROL IN A PRINTING PRESS, APPROPRIATELY EQUIPPED PRINTING SYSTEM AND MEASURING DEVICE FOR SUCH PRINTING SYSTEM.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH5262/85 1985-12-10
CH526285 1985-12-10

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EP0228347A1 EP0228347A1 (en) 1987-07-08
EP0228347B1 true EP0228347B1 (en) 1989-10-25
EP0228347B2 EP0228347B2 (en) 1996-11-13

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US (1) US6041708A (en)
EP (1) EP0228347B2 (en)
JP (1) JP2505434B2 (en)
AT (1) ATE47564T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3666554D1 (en)

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EP0914945A2 (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-05-12 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Process for regulating the inking in a printing machine
US5967033A (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-10-19 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method of determining ink coverage in a print image
EP0914945A3 (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-11-03 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Process for regulating the inking in a printing machine
EP0920994A3 (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-11-10 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Method of determination of colour values
US5957049A (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-09-28 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Method controlling ink application in a printing press
US6012390A (en) * 1997-11-06 2000-01-11 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Method for controlling the inking of a printing press by determining color value gradients
EP0920994A2 (en) * 1997-11-06 1999-06-09 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Aktiengesellschaft Method of determination of colour values
US6469804B1 (en) 1997-11-06 2002-10-22 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method of obtaining colorimetric values
US6732917B1 (en) 1999-10-11 2004-05-11 Gretag-Macbeth Ag Apparatus for automatic measurement of measuring fields
US6679171B2 (en) 2000-03-03 2004-01-20 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Method of controlling an ink layer on a printing form of a printing machine
DE102019122351A1 (en) * 2019-08-20 2021-02-25 Canon Production Printing Holding B.V. Method and device for checking and / or adapting current ink transfer properties of a printing system and using a sensor arranged in a printing system
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0228347A1 (en) 1987-07-08
DE3666554D1 (en) 1989-11-30
ATE47564T1 (en) 1989-11-15
EP0228347B2 (en) 1996-11-13
US6041708A (en) 2000-03-28
JPS62146633A (en) 1987-06-30
JP2505434B2 (en) 1996-06-12

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