EP0029277A1 - Roof or wall construction, provided with heat- and/or sound insulation panels - Google Patents

Roof or wall construction, provided with heat- and/or sound insulation panels Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0029277A1
EP0029277A1 EP80201089A EP80201089A EP0029277A1 EP 0029277 A1 EP0029277 A1 EP 0029277A1 EP 80201089 A EP80201089 A EP 80201089A EP 80201089 A EP80201089 A EP 80201089A EP 0029277 A1 EP0029277 A1 EP 0029277A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roof
insulation panel
wall construction
profile
construction according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP80201089A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0029277B1 (en
Inventor
Jean Joseph Marie Offermann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Braas GmbH
Redland-Braas-Bredero Europa (rbb) Bv
Original Assignee
Braas GmbH
Redland-Braas-Bredero Europa (rbb) Bv
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Braas GmbH, Redland-Braas-Bredero Europa (rbb) Bv filed Critical Braas GmbH
Priority to AT80201089T priority Critical patent/ATE4131T1/en
Publication of EP0029277A1 publication Critical patent/EP0029277A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0029277B1 publication Critical patent/EP0029277B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
    • E04D13/00—Special arrangements or devices in connection with roof coverings; Protection against birds; Roof drainage ; Sky-lights
    • E04D13/16—Insulating devices or arrangements in so far as the roof covering is concerned, e.g. characterised by the material or composition of the roof insulating material or its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1606—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure
    • E04D13/1612—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters
    • E04D13/1625—Insulation of the roof covering characterised by its integration in the roof structure the roof structure comprising a supporting framework of roof purlins or rafters with means for supporting the insulating material between the purlins or rafters
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/62—Insulation or other protection; Elements or use of specified material therefor
    • E04B1/74—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls
    • E04B1/76—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only
    • E04B1/7654—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings
    • E04B1/7658—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres
    • E04B1/7662—Heat, sound or noise insulation, absorption, or reflection; Other building methods affording favourable thermal or acoustical conditions, e.g. accumulating of heat within walls specifically with respect to heat only comprising an insulating layer, disposed between two longitudinal supporting elements, e.g. to insulate ceilings comprising fiber insulation, e.g. as panels or loose filled fibres comprising fiber blankets or batts
    • E04B1/7666—Connection of blankets or batts to the longitudinal supporting elements

Definitions

  • the invedion relates to a roof or wall construction of a building, which inwardly is provided with regularly spaced parallel beams, against which somewhat rigid insulation panels are attached, each insulation panel being placed between facing sides of two juxtaposed beams, said sides of said beams being provided with profile sections.
  • the panels must consist of insulating material they are not strong.
  • said object is attained in that the corresponding endfaces of the insulation, panel are provided with fixed profile sections cooperating in a snapping way with the profile sections applied to the beams.
  • the panels are, as it were, surrounded by a frame, in consequence of which they are self-supporting.
  • the profile sections need not to be wide.
  • the panels are assembled and disassembled transversely with respect to their plane.
  • the profile sections can be invisibly attached to the beams.
  • a roof is designated by 1, which roof can be of any type. It can be a flat roof or an inclined roof.
  • the roof can be covered with plates, rooftiles, etc. However, such a roof is always inwardly provided with parallel rafters or girders, designated by 2.
  • the insulation panels are designated by 3 and for example may consist of glass fiber web designated by 4, covered on both sides with a rigid layer.5 resp. 6.
  • the lowermost layer 5 may be for example a fire resisting or fire delaying layer, which possibly also can serve as a decoration. By this layer 5 the rigidity of the panel 3 is improved.
  • the insualtion panel 3 must have a sufficient rigidity to show only a slight deflection at normal distance between the girders 2 of 110-120 cm.
  • the upper plate 6 can consist of a waterproof web to prevent possible moisture weapage from penetrating into the insulating panel 3.
  • the air space between the panel 3 and the roof 1 serves as ventilation and discharge of vapour.
  • At least two endfaces of the insulation panel 3 are provided with a profile section designated by 7.
  • This profile section 7 is enlarged shown in fig. 3.
  • the profile section has a substantial U-shaped cross-section with right angles and preferably consists of plastic material.
  • the bottom of the U is designated by 7a and is stepped.
  • Both legs are designated by 7b and 7c.
  • Bottom 7a is provided with a fixing member 8, by means of which the profile section 7 can be attached to the insulation panel 3. Both legs 7b and 7c grip around the edge of the insulating panel 3.
  • the girders 2 which in fig. 1 and 2 have a rectangular cross-section, are provided with profile sections designated by 9.
  • This profile section preferably consists also of plastic material.
  • This profile section 9 is enlarged shown in fig. 2.
  • the profile section 9 has in cross-section a Z-shaped form with right angles.
  • the central web is designated as 9a and the both legs as 9b and 9c.
  • the profile section 9 may be attached to t : '8 girder 2 by means of screws or nails 10. It is without saying that it is also possible to glue the profile section 9 to the girder 2.
  • the profile section 9 contains a somewhat resilient flange 9d, which is joined at the transition between the legs 9a and 9b. This flange 9d is directed to the roof 1.
  • the profile sections 7 can be applied beforehand in the factory or in the workshop to the insulation panel 3.
  • all profile sections 9 are attached first to the girders concerned. If the girder spacing shows variations, a fitting lath can be applied between the leg 9a and the sidewall of each girder 2. In old building constructions it can be found that the girders do not have a rectangular cross-section. In that event it will also be necessary to make use of fitting lathes. Said fitting lathes are not shown in the drawing. To obtain the proper spacing of the profile sections 9 use may be made of a gauge not shown.
  • profile sections 7 and 9 consist of plastic material, no cold bridges are formed. Moreover, air volumes are created between the profile sections 7 and 9, giving additional insulation.
  • Fig. 4 nearly corresponds to fig. 3; however, the bottom 7a extends in the same direction as the lip 9d. Consequently the gap between the bottom 7a and the lip 9d is smaller, so that an additional lip 7d is not required.
  • each of the end faces is provided with a profile section 7, without a lip 7d, which profile sections 7 are rotated with respect to each other over 180°.
  • the lip 7d may possibly also be applied to the profile section 9 and then extend in line with the leg 9d. This is not shown in the drawing.
  • the profile section 9 can also be L-shaped. In that case leg 9b is lacking.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Building Environments (AREA)
  • Roof Covering Using Slabs Or Stiff Sheets (AREA)

Abstract

Roof or wall construction of a building, which inwardly is provided with regularly spaced beams (2) against which somewhat rigid insulation panels (3) are attached, each insulation panel (3) being placed between facing sides of two juxtaposed beams (2), said sides of said beams (2) being provided with profile sections (9) and the corresponding endfaces of the insulation panel (3) being provided with fixed profile sections (7) cooperating in a snapping way with the profile sections (9) applied to the beams (2).

Description

  • The invedion relates to a roof or wall construction of a building, which inwardly is provided with regularly spaced parallel beams, against which somewhat rigid insulation panels are attached, each insulation panel being placed between facing sides of two juxtaposed beams, said sides of said beams being provided with profile sections.
  • A construction of this kind is known from Dutch patent application 78.00197. According to said patent application compressible strips of mineral wool are placed between the beams and the longitudinal edges of the rigid panels facing said beams. By this it is possible - to mount the rigid panels, while no cold bridges are created and the distance between the beams is not very critical. Further no difficulties will be encountered in case the cross-section of the rafters or girders, thus the beams, is not rectangular because profile sections are applied before. After assembling the longitudinal edges of the rigid panels and also the strips of mineral wool rest on the flanges of the profile sections.
  • Special fixing members are applied, which at distances from each other are connected with the profile sections attached to the rafters or girders.
  • As said strips and said edges have to rest on the flanges of the profile sections the latter have to be rather wide, which is detrimental to the appearance of the construction.
  • Because the fixing members are gripping behind the upright leg of each profile section, said profile section cannot be invisibly attached to the beams.
  • Disassembling of the panels is very difficult.
  • Because the panels must consist of insulating material they are not strong.
  • It is the object of the invention to provide a construction which, while maintaining all advantages of the known construction will make superfluous the special fixing elements and the strips of mineral wool and by which are avoided all mentioned disadvantages.
  • According to the invention said object is attained in that the corresponding endfaces of the insulation, panel are provided with fixed profile sections cooperating in a snapping way with the profile sections applied to the beams.
  • Thus the panels are, as it were, surrounded by a frame, in consequence of which they are self-supporting.
  • The profile sections need not to be wide. The panels are assembled and disassembled transversely with respect to their plane.
  • The profile sections can be invisibly attached to the beams.
  • When the profile sections are attached to the beams use can be made of a gauge to space the profile sections in the proper way. If said spacing does not correspond to the spacing of the beams, fitting lathes can be placed between the profile sections and the beams. This is also necessary if the cross-section of the beams are not rectangular, but for example half round, such as these may be found in old buildings.
  • After application of all profile sections in the building the insulation is very simple. The profile sections provided with insulation panels only have to be pushed between the beams until the cooperating profile sections snap into each other.
  • It will be clear that the invention also may be applied to walls. In that case first of all beams have to be attached against the innerside of the wall.
  • Also then a static air volume remains between the insulation panels and the wall to be insulated, which improves the insu-a tion.
  • It is without saying that the invention is not only intended for old building constructions. It can be applied with the same effect to new building constructions. Also then the spacing of rafters or girders is not always constant.
  • The invention will be explained with reference to the drawings, in which examples of the embodiment of the invention are shown.
    • Fig. 1 shows a section of a part of a roof construction provided with an insulation panel;
    • figures 2 and 3 show enlarged details; and
    • Figure 4 corresponds to fig. 3 and shows a modified embodiment.
  • In fig. 1 a roof is designated by 1, which roof can be of any type. It can be a flat roof or an inclined roof. The roof can be covered with plates, rooftiles, etc. However, such a roof is always inwardly provided with parallel rafters or girders, designated by 2.
  • The insulation panels, known per se, are designated by 3 and for example may consist of glass fiber web designated by 4, covered on both sides with a rigid layer.5 resp. 6. The lowermost layer 5 may be for example a fire resisting or fire delaying layer, which possibly also can serve as a decoration. By this layer 5 the rigidity of the panel 3 is improved. The insualtion panel 3 must have a sufficient rigidity to show only a slight deflection at normal distance between the girders 2 of 110-120 cm. The upper plate 6 can consist of a waterproof web to prevent possible moisture weapage from penetrating into the insulating panel 3. The air space between the panel 3 and the roof 1 serves as ventilation and discharge of vapour.
  • At least two endfaces of the insulation panel 3 are provided with a profile section designated by 7. This profile section 7 is enlarged shown in fig. 3. The profile section has a substantial U-shaped cross-section with right angles and preferably consists of plastic material. The bottom of the U is designated by 7a and is stepped. Both legs are designated by 7b and 7c. Bottom 7a is provided with a fixing member 8, by means of which the profile section 7 can be attached to the insulation panel 3. Both legs 7b and 7c grip around the edge of the insulating panel 3.
  • Also the girders 2, which in fig. 1 and 2 have a rectangular cross-section, are provided with profile sections designated by 9. This profile section preferably consists also of plastic material. This profile section 9 is enlarged shown in fig. 2. The profile section 9 has in cross-section a Z-shaped form with right angles. The central web is designated as 9a and the both legs as 9b and 9c. The profile section 9 may be attached to t: '8 girder 2 by means of screws or nails 10. It is without saying that it is also possible to glue the profile section 9 to the girder 2.
  • The profile section 9 contains a somewhat resilient flange 9d, which is joined at the transition between the legs 9a and 9b. This flange 9d is directed to the roof 1.
  • From the drawing it will be clear that if the insulation panel 3 is moved upwardly between the two girders 2, the free edge of the flange 9d will snap behind the step in the leg 7a of the profile section 7.
  • The profile sections 7 can be applied beforehand in the factory or in the workshop to the insulation panel 3. In the building to be insulated all profile sections 9 are attached first to the girders concerned. If the girder spacing shows variations, a fitting lath can be applied between the leg 9a and the sidewall of each girder 2. In old building constructions it can be found that the girders do not have a rectangular cross-section. In that event it will also be necessary to make use of fitting lathes. Said fitting lathes are not shown in the drawing. To obtain the proper spacing of the profile sections 9 use may be made of a gauge not shown.
  • As the profile sections 7 and 9 consist of plastic material, no cold bridges are formed. Moreover, air volumes are created between the profile sections 7 and 9, giving additional insulation.
  • To cover the gap between the profile sections 7 and 9 is it possible to apply an additional leg 7d to the profile section 7, in fig. 2 designated in dotted lines.
  • Fig. 4 nearly corresponds to fig. 3; however, the bottom 7a extends in the same direction as the lip 9d. Consequently the gap between the bottom 7a and the lip 9d is smaller, so that an additional lip 7d is not required.
  • For demounting the insulation panels 3 it is necessary to push the flanges 9d outwardly by means of a screw driver or the like. This would be impossible if the leg 7d is present. However, said leg 7d has then to be provided with an aperture to be able to apply a screw driver or the like.
  • The same profile sections 7 could be used on the other end faces of the insualtion panel 3 to join two adjacent insulation panels with a groove. For that purpose each of the end faces is provided with a profile section 7, without a lip 7d, which profile sections 7 are rotated with respect to each other over 180°.
  • The lip 7d may possibly also be applied to the profile section 9 and then extend in line with the leg 9d. This is not shown in the drawing.
  • Instead of having a Z-shape the profile section 9 can also be L-shaped. In that case leg 9b is lacking.

Claims (11)

1. Roof or wall construction of a building, which inwardly is provided with regularly spaced parallel beams, against which somewhat rigid insulation panels are attached, each insulation panel being placed between facing sides of two juxtaposed beams, said sides of said beams being provided with profile sections, characterized in that the corresponding endfaces of the insulation panel provided with fixed profile sections cooperating in a snapping way with the profile sections applied to the beams.
2. Roof or wall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile section of a beam has a Z-shaped cross-section with right angles and a somewhat resilient flange directed to the roof or the wall.
3. Roof or wall construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile section of a beam has a L-shaped cross-section with a right angle and a somewhat resilient flange directed to the roof or the wall.
4. Roof or wall construction according to claim 2 or 3, characterized in that the flange joins the web of the profile section near one of the right angles or one of the ends.
5. Roof or wall construction according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the profile section on the insulation panel has a L-shaped form, of which the leg lying against the endface of the insulation panel is provided with a projecting edge snapping behind the free edge of the flange of the profile section on the beam cooperating therewith, which leg being further provided with fixing means to connect the profile section with the insulation panel.
6. Roof or wall construction according to claim 5, characterized in that the leg lying against the mdface of the insulation panel is stepped, whereby the projecting edge is formed by the step.
7. Roof or wall construction according to claim 1, 2,3, 4, 5 or 6, characterized in that a second leg is joining to the leg of the profile section lying against the endface of the insulation panel, so that the profile section has a U-shaped cross-section, whereby both parallel legs are lying against the front- and backside of the insulation panel.
8. Roof or wall construction according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that also the other endfaces of each insulation panel contain a same profile section, both profile sections being directed in opposite directions, so that adjacent profile sections of adjacent insulation panels are fitting into each other as a groove.
9. Roof or wall construction according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the profile section on each insulation panel contains a lip on the side turned away from the roof or the wall, said lip being directed from the endface of the insulation panel, said lip covering the gap between profile sections cooperating with each other.
10. Roof or wall construction according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7, characterized in that the profile section on the beams contains a lip on the side turned away from the roof or the wall, said lip being directed from the corner of the profile section on the beam to the endface of the insulation panel, said lip covering the gap between profile sections cooperating with each other.
11. Roof or wall construction according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the lip is provided with interruptions to make possible demounting of the insulation panels.
EP80201089A 1979-11-15 1980-11-13 Roof or wall construction, provided with heat- and/or sound insulation panels Expired EP0029277B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT80201089T ATE4131T1 (en) 1979-11-15 1980-11-13 ROOF OR WALL CONSTRUCTION COVERED WITH THERMAL AND/OR ACOUSTIC PANELS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL7908365 1979-11-15
NL7908365A NL7908365A (en) 1979-11-15 1979-11-15 ROOF OR WALL CONSTRUCTION EQUIPPED WITH HEAT AND / OR SOUND INSULATION PANELS.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0029277A1 true EP0029277A1 (en) 1981-05-27
EP0029277B1 EP0029277B1 (en) 1983-07-13

Family

ID=19834187

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP80201089A Expired EP0029277B1 (en) 1979-11-15 1980-11-13 Roof or wall construction, provided with heat- and/or sound insulation panels

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0029277B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE4131T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3064154D1 (en)
NL (1) NL7908365A (en)
NO (1) NO803445L (en)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2542787A1 (en) * 1983-03-14 1984-09-21 Praz Jean Luc Device for fixing roof insulation
FR2756306A1 (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-05-29 Piernas Michel Roof insulating panel
DE19811036A1 (en) * 1998-03-13 1999-10-14 Duerr Systems Gmbh Wall segment for a cabin construction
EP0894914A3 (en) * 1997-07-30 2000-06-14 Karin Lautenschläger Roof-construction
FR2806431A1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-21 Rose Eludis Charpente System, for fixing thermal insulation panel against framework purlins, comprises U-shaped plastic section fixed to purlin with flexible tongues forming channel for receiving panel edge
GB2443025A (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-23 John Ralph Pitched roof energy saving insulating system
EP2400072A1 (en) 2010-06-23 2011-12-28 IsoBouw Systems B.V. Profile system for fitting insulation panels
US20120151869A1 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-21 United States Gypsum Company Insulated drywall ceiling on steel "c" joists
WO2015155492A1 (en) * 2014-04-11 2015-10-15 Jason Cureton Housing and retaining system for insulation boarding
BE1021492B1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2015-12-03 Unilin Bvba METHOD AND SET OF ACCESSORIES FOR INSULATING A ROOF CONSTRUCTION

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2162193A1 (en) * 1971-12-15 1973-06-20 Roof Element Technik Gmbh THERMAL INSULATION INTERIOR PANELING FOR TILE ROOFS
DE2537604A1 (en) * 1975-08-23 1977-02-24 Friedrich Schneider Simple roofing plastics insulation construction - using jointed sheets of foamed polyurethane attached to rafters by invisible angle pieces
NL7800197A (en) * 1977-01-07 1978-07-11 Redland Braas Nv HEAT-INSULATING INTERIOR COATING FOR ROOFS COVERED WITH ROOF COVERING PLATES.
US4155206A (en) * 1978-04-19 1979-05-22 Howmet Corporation Insulated metal roofing system

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2162193A1 (en) * 1971-12-15 1973-06-20 Roof Element Technik Gmbh THERMAL INSULATION INTERIOR PANELING FOR TILE ROOFS
DE2537604A1 (en) * 1975-08-23 1977-02-24 Friedrich Schneider Simple roofing plastics insulation construction - using jointed sheets of foamed polyurethane attached to rafters by invisible angle pieces
NL7800197A (en) * 1977-01-07 1978-07-11 Redland Braas Nv HEAT-INSULATING INTERIOR COATING FOR ROOFS COVERED WITH ROOF COVERING PLATES.
US4155206A (en) * 1978-04-19 1979-05-22 Howmet Corporation Insulated metal roofing system

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2542787A1 (en) * 1983-03-14 1984-09-21 Praz Jean Luc Device for fixing roof insulation
FR2756306A1 (en) * 1996-11-22 1998-05-29 Piernas Michel Roof insulating panel
EP0894914A3 (en) * 1997-07-30 2000-06-14 Karin Lautenschläger Roof-construction
DE19811036A1 (en) * 1998-03-13 1999-10-14 Duerr Systems Gmbh Wall segment for a cabin construction
DE19811036B4 (en) * 1998-03-13 2006-11-23 ROTEC Radebeuler Oberflächen-Technik GmbH Wall segment for a cabin construction
FR2806431A1 (en) * 2000-03-15 2001-09-21 Rose Eludis Charpente System, for fixing thermal insulation panel against framework purlins, comprises U-shaped plastic section fixed to purlin with flexible tongues forming channel for receiving panel edge
GB2443025A (en) * 2006-10-19 2008-04-23 John Ralph Pitched roof energy saving insulating system
EP2400072A1 (en) 2010-06-23 2011-12-28 IsoBouw Systems B.V. Profile system for fitting insulation panels
US20120151869A1 (en) * 2010-12-20 2012-06-21 United States Gypsum Company Insulated drywall ceiling on steel "c" joists
BE1021492B1 (en) * 2012-09-26 2015-12-03 Unilin Bvba METHOD AND SET OF ACCESSORIES FOR INSULATING A ROOF CONSTRUCTION
WO2015155492A1 (en) * 2014-04-11 2015-10-15 Jason Cureton Housing and retaining system for insulation boarding

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0029277B1 (en) 1983-07-13
DE3064154D1 (en) 1983-08-18
ATE4131T1 (en) 1983-07-15
NO803445L (en) 1981-08-03
NL7908365A (en) 1981-06-16

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